Public Leger, Volume 3, Number 134, Richmond, Wayne County, 9 December 1826 — Page 2

EX TUAC T UOM AN ORATION Delivered ul Saicm In Jvty 4, 132G, l$Y JOHN II. FA II AM, Kq. f ri the enjoyment of the grateful feelings of this anniversary, lot us not, fellow-citi-y.ens, be unmindful of the moral purposes of its institution, nor forget the high rcsponnihilities which have descended to us, us the lineal successors of the founders of this confederated Republic. To us it bt longs, not only by our conduct to vindicate, and sustain the character? of those illustrious men, to preserve and transmit the. glorious inheritance unimpaired, we are bound to amplifv, improve and ad rn the. noble fabl ie, which their I ibors erected. l.difierence or inaction would as little become us, a? it would have ili become them. The world is in a state of active and unceasing progression. The theatre f human nclion "is constantly expanding, and we are 'ouml to elevate and enlarge our views so i to grasp the whole t in le of our duties. Inheriting by birth or posseting by choice, a rich share in the sublime privileges, the nnvde domains, the high destinies of a threat and grow ing nation, it becomes the in st sacred f duties properly to appreciate the obligations which devolve on us as .iea, as lathers, and as citizens. "As the riiin.i! founder of the Roman Kmpir j .-as said, ia the I uiguage of poetry, Co j i ive once borne on his shoulders the fame !

id fortunes of ill Ins pos'-Tity, so let us j vt r forget that the glory and greatness all our dep endents are in our hands.1 1.. .

we consult tno true nappine anu giory ftho-e who arc to m cecd u, if veneruon f r our fatheis be properly blended ith a j it self-love and affection for our . ff-pring, if it be our aim to realize those suV.ime anticipations of the future desti ni ofti.is country, which a:iimated the

imn of in the darkest hours of dcspon denev and differing, we shall place in the I lirst r n.!; of our duties that of providing.' by all the facilities which public and pri j v.te patronage ran affard, for the moral j and intellectual culture of our children, i We hall feel it our duty to make the cdu- j cation of our citizens a public coi:cern. ! From trie earliest periods of antiquity, j in which the records of our race present u with the first rude ketchc of free go-, ernment, we find that the education of: youth was regarded and claimed as a great pu'dic trust peculiarly bt -o gii g to the superintendnnce of government. Nothing J can be more just or better founded than' this sentiment. It is an opinion by no j mean peculiar to free governments. The j su jret, with it? important bearings is as j well understood in monarchies as repub-i lies at Constantinople as at Washington, j

The difference between them is thi that the agents of despotism and oligarchy regard exluiv Iv tlie physical dcvcopeineijt of their subjects and stairs whilst the

functionaries of freedom solicit the moral! and intellei tu al cxpa hn of their Jttluir- j citizens and optnts Oa this interesting subject it is both grateful and mortify ing to j know that some of tlie earliest colonies have I left us lessons and examples which cannot i be too much admit d nor too ( loselv imita-; ted. It is now neai 1 y tw o hundred years' since the little lohaij of Plymouth enacted ;

me toiiowmg law : 'Forasmuch as tin maintenance of good literature doth much tend to the advancement of the weal and flourishing state of

J tics and sacredly appropriated to t!;c purposes xf cducsticn, cs tl elicited in her

comp-cl oith the general qove recent. I entcrtutn little daubtthnt Indiana tiVA Gnd it to hcradruntagc to follorr this example. The Ucsir.g x;:itEi l.r.z been found ia both states to ben holly inadequate to the pur

poses of a productive fund; to bo wasteful to the land, and, by encouraging an inferior and. northlen population, to produce a great preponderance of evil over the benefits derived from it. The opinion is rapidly gaining ground, that the value cf these

lands, securely vested at simple interest, will yield a better revenue than any system of leasing that can be resorted to in our country. Fellow-citizens of Indiana! We are proud and zealous to avow ourselves the advocates of Internal Improvement. The magnificent canals, the increasing manufactures, the vast internal commerce of New York, we contemplate with increasing admiration ; and as her enterprising spirit moves over the waters of Lake Erie into the boundaries of our adjacent sister, continuing the line of excavation which is

shortly to unite the the streams of the west

with capacious harbor of her imperial metropolis, our enthusiasm cannot be repressed:' we are not satisfied with passive admiration we would be up and doing ourselves! All this is natural and praiseworthy: It i a noble and generous emulation, which, Heaven grant, may be diffused co-exteiisitly with our Union. But the improvement of our territory by roads and canals the facilities of transportation and travel, the advantages and choice of mar kets, all excellent, desirable and attainable as they are yet what are they in comparison with that greatest and noblest of all internal improvements, the culture ai d expansion of the Mind? What are they, compared with that knowledge and intelligence which ennables even patriot citi-

Quincyscf ?7Cr-which hr.3 since unfolded t.K.2d:iurir.;ir?Ilect nnd cfcnntic powers

of a Pcrssr.:t wi Dexter, a licv.U and a Webster, nil cf when and tl.acrr.nds more, equally caltivntedthouh net equally distinguished, inhaled elements of literature in the atmosphere of free schools, whcieit is the pride and Icry cf more than two mil liens of people, that not a full grown individual of either sex of sane mind, can he found, who has not learnt to read, write, and cast accounts. These blessings, Indianians, may be yours To will them, vigorously to will them, is to attatn them. When we reilect, fellow citizens, that knowledge and virtue are the main pillars which sustain the edifice of our liberties that these noble characteristic of patriot freemen are in a great degree if not whol

ly the result of education; that public pu

inrnr:;-j n Ihti cr:jmy. CcLcnciA. Cidivar bad r-t

Cclr.rr.-ia, as was game tirr.2 c-o stated hut it seems he wns T-.Lfi

czpected at the date cf tho Lst '

FkenfiYir of Paez appears to be nenrf!' -.ncr.d he himself had called a L1

ppr-fp. v

rrivP(j ;

fiVfi;.

of the people at Caracas, at whic jt ; received to discharge the forces raUed tkfexct! end ether purposes, and to , r

Ceputatioa to Bogota. We mav 1

pect further particulars.

There is a strong report that B0j...

that the irovernment nl CA,ri....

partake largely of a military despotic .-!! if so, we may expec t a monarchy. 7" deed, from manv things whicli w'o'ij''

seen and heard, ve are apprehensive ti, i

rity, order and happiness, have in all coun- j Dolivar is about to resign bis prctt nt

tries borne an exact correspondence with j

the diuusion of light and knowledge; that the dissemination of learning and morals is the happiest as well as most effectual mode cf preventing and curtailing the extension

: of the criminal code; that the sum allott

ed to this philanthropic object is just so much saved from the expenses of criminal justice; that a tax which secures our per-

; sons and property, by purifying the moral atmosphere of our country, by resruing i from vice and'miery the offspring of penurv and misfortune, and at the same time adds to the number of good citizens, is infinitely more acceptable and grateful than I nne which pavs for the arrest, confinement, j trial, and incarceration of the miserable felon, who, if hi hitory be known, will in nine caes out often, be fund to be some ! poor, idle, neglected, uneducated youth; i when, in fine, we reflect that the system 1 here recommended is among the positive i injunctions of our own excellent State Conj -titotion; t,,;t ha received the unqualified sanction of Wahiii!to of Fiai kb'-,

Z 'li clearly to discern and steadily to ur-'j of Adams, of Jidh'ron, in tact ol every sue the interest of bis country? In artirt j nam distim:uis .ed in the annals of scicial navigation and all the facilities of in-1! ence, freedom or humanity; is it. permit tenia! commerce, Russia and Chita may ij me to ask. too much to expect that it will challenge the woib!: Yet who of us would j Vre lotig receive the cordial support. Hie be a Chinese or a Russian for the rttit ruti. enlightened iulfrages of the free and indeaye, for iUfJee simple ol their thousand ca-j p nd nt citizens of (edianaf

nal? 1 1 Fortunately for Indiana, on this great !j subject, she has lift been left to the tardy ij otons of her own isolated experience

Srlrrlrtl frnrn K it rn P.ij pr.

In addition to the examples of Colonics and States, which now forma part of this Union, we have been stimulated b the parental Zealand solicitude of our o mrnon country. In appropriating a thirty ixth part of our soil for the ue of township schools, in addition to two whole townships of land granted fe? a University, the (jeneral Ciovei ntneiit has not left tlie great subject of popular education to the un is "iited ellort of our own citizens. Hit

generous solicitude for this cardinal inter-

J Tcrkkv The jrop rty efChabtchi, the ri h .1 vv hanker at Constantinople, lately ; ItitimuUty iz- d, amounted to nearly I sixty-nine millions piastr s, or six million five hundred thousand dollars. It will be reccollected that according to our Ia?t advices, a dreadful fire broke out 'in Contantino(d ou the 31st of Augut, ; which ivas raging on the 3rd of Septt mj her. It broke out just before the sacred 1 standard of the prophet was about to he

taken with great eeremonv from the ser?g

to the character of the "Washington oft hi

aouiu. t; wuum ici nope no-;

j much allowance must be made for tenn

uu9 ui puacr in oouiu America, cause of the ignorant and bigoted p 0X to be governed not accustomed t0 f i, much to reason and ruled by force, ji takes a long while to raise up a"ppu!Hre capable of sustaining a free and stahV government. Kings, princes and j,' are easily manufactured it is t: c w(i of y ears to educate and lit a people like those of the late colonies of Spain, to :i derstand what are their own ri!,t, ;iiltj discern the rightful way of raainuini,;, them. e The privateer Republicano has c.iptJr. I i Vftt . .'II

ion the Mediterranean coast ol Sfnin. ;d I also made prisoners of a parcel fj ; ?1 i perhaps to he held a hostages for tfiL' in.od j treatment of certain CoI'm!uans, Ik i:mv liave fallen into the hands of the Sji.uii ird". !T e commander of the Republicano , , x

small portion of the fiery zi-al of the Hniish admiral Cockburn of tnftrnous iiilihoPeru. The state of affair rippr-ar? -in..mm .....

Iseltled in r. ru, and also tu (. .inii; a ,A J cof'spiracies against the ruling power arc spoken of. It is al-o intimated t i.il :i jiN j fcrcm e will xist between the l- ?t j LATKK. j Wlnde battalions of the Spanirh ticy were deserting to irtujal. Th ki j: j lorn of F'-rdinaed and bis priests $ fj;jt.f;

with misery atid murder, and public h.,g private dissntioini and outrages. S ven thousand persons were ill nt Groningen the city seems half dssiAafcii l disease. Russia was marching large billies c! troops to the frontiers of Persia. There will prohabh be a pretty acttve and ei;sive wari that quarter. Toe peopl ti ome of i he Russian provinces are sai.i ti

h ive joined the PT?iaes.

est has frequently reminded us, not oi ly of j jo JTl(I n.p;,f t.j u k'mM;e. or illt,.ri. its intrinsic importance, but oi our corres-1 j, (l(.,,Mirv. whence it was taken on the ocponding obligations. I; casion of the late supi Tt i.o, of the Jan-

l-ermil me,novcver, my irienu?, in me j jahes. It began in a baker's hop, a-ai

pirn oi canuor ai u mouesiy,io Higgesnoi ; fur, was ,u furv t!;it jr, prrri jt

you my serious apprthenions, that this no hie munificence will entirely fail o! its be-

T'ic late grit fire in Constantino;)

luticent etfrcts. ut less the spirit and intel

ligence of our citizens arc roued to prevent it. There is danger of expecting t o much from our school lands, and consequently of doing too little ourselves. Although experience thus far has demonstra-

societal and republic, this Court doth ! ted that the avails of the sixteenth section

therefore oider, that in whatever township; mu-t iiecesanly for years to come be but in this government, ronsUting effifu fa mi ! Irillii c. therearc not a few of our inhabi-

les or upwards,any meet man shall be oh- Ij taut who appear disposed to wait in lit- j

u ! n ramrn.r scnooi, micii . less inactivity until. ly some miraculous woM hp,.lc lMlt ,,nd bo fhe precursor ol . I M II .1 . Ilia . . 1 I

ii -mow aii.-asi lu.nep.uni.urliange in the value ol property. Hie pro- a iir;(, n.aflitin. The destnif tion of

io ne raided hv rale on all the i.ili ahitants.

pounds, m friends, in thosr

rcn if wn

tliought to haw had an hu dre begin-j fling. The p;t.irf of tne :zkt was con-. siimed. It i upp.sed th;t liir number of j: houses burneil i not less titan even thiu- I' aid. The fire had been t-xtinguishcj j' in several places but it br k' out again ; afresh, and the people being irritated, i.eg- j lected those measures the- ought to have j; adopted with enerv. It is -aid that the ! astrologers have predit tetj, that, on the ;

27th day of the moon, the day for the re !' f th' tribe- talh d Twarnies.

aftribnted to the Janissaries or theii ( It U reported jhat the sultan, pressed nn!i -ides has ordered an accession to all tii'' demands of Russia. It appears that the king of Ra iri i hi opeih announced himself a fncid i:c Creek, and safictined the dpnlui '! S'irri' of his subjects to fight agiint thr hirb.iriai) oppressor-. Tlie (ircc 'e mucb di-tre-.ed f t ttie want of fun;'s. A h'Her from Algiers, ofthe Olh i S 'P temlier. t it's that intellige: ce cf at mo-t au'henlic nature w as icreivrd t re, that m.ij -r, Laing and all In ci.ir.pan : s h id heen asa?inat (I in the de-eit by m&

turn ofthe sandjak scherilf a great fire

? l welve

reed- of this solitary section shall not on

benin but conwltte the education of their

i ti . . , . . 1 1 ... -i

nays, in iiy mouth l.iont, w re tonal to firnilies. Wherever this if the ellect ol !

a !mt.drei mw, in any part of the United ! the liberality of Congress, and I hope it is States. Sitnil at laws about the same time, ) not extensive, this noble bequest, instead n r.- enacted in the neighboring colonies ! ofa blessing, will prove the bos ol Pando ot M.iitaclttiett a,,d Connecticut, where jj ra, pregnant with evils, a s-t. m td public intiuctioo was gradual ij The truth is, fellow citizens, the oaly l -est ddhed, which, with numeious en- sabstantial available fund for all public

lurg merits am improvement continue to j; education, consists in the feelings and

I a political re action. y j tlie property whieh it

occasionei

We have cotid'n.fin accounts from

the? "e saving that it .:- i:: tlie Iwu.-vS ! nftLn -L f . 1 1,. r i t t?.irl ui i 3

UI 1 111.. M , I"" I lllill 1,'

t i day, the prid and boat of New Iv g

I n d tin; stable groundwtuk of her pios peril) and happine.-. New Vuk, ernula

minds of the people. To call these feelinsinto vigorous action, it is only neces sarv to rouse their attention, to awaken

ti g her ad j .c nt siter in thi noble work! their intelhifence. Io enlighten the public

b.i- dip''t "d a zeal and munificence whii h i mind i correct legislation will follow as a i neyond all prai-e. By the last otln ial 't matter of course. A.d let the subject be reports of the state of her free chno we j sifted over and over again, let it be canvas find that tieaily half a million of bil Iron jj tf ever so often, w bene v. r the people or of both ex" are, in that State, educated jt their represei.tatives shall enter deliher.tt the public expense. V i t'inia, under ij atelv on Ibis great work, they will, I feel

m-piees of her ilhi-tmats Kx Piesi confident, with great una imitv concur in

I was im- ' severelv defeated -anil t t;n pi 11. d io

mense. There was no reason to suppose, retire. It is reported that ! id Coctiri c

according to this acount, that it had been has arrived in Archipelago n::n a sq produced by design. ron of 23 vessels. India. Accounts from the East Indies A letter from Constantino a ofthe ZUbring rumois ofa Burmese infraction of ,'i of August savs k-It appears ihal execun-'"!r

I continue in silence, and that, during

tot

t, i heartilv

great j believing that the only efiirnrious mode of

et.tr tgt d in tht

ctue. a ..ulh u ii oima lias lor many years jj drawing into action the mental d moral appropriated a large portion of her n ve- jenergi. of the tvhole rising generation, hi - io ibe onpt.tt of common schooU. 1 ai d forming their morals and manners, is O i , too, is directing her meat ami trow- i the iood Id nlau adontetl at Plvmoiiib.

... " . . . . . i! " . ' '

near two hundred years ag. viz: thesis tern of free schools supported by equal and m-nerate taxation. It is this sytem. n

it? n -sources to the same lflorious obiect.

S h i obtaii ed the consent of Congress to o vel tf her st iiotil lands as mav be

t - t .

1 by her lMature. w ith the friends, whicii. in Colonial times. Lid the

lib.' t vi:l ips; aid it U uuder-! found ition of a Franklin, the light end

ti.'d ! !.cr i ;.:.!ie to hae the pro- ji glory of his age which forme t the Ad-1 . ; i a : v ! i t public sccuri- !amsos, the Warrens, the Hancocks, and !!

the peace already, and the departure of Sir A. Campbell from Calcutta, to nj.uii the armv, uives some countenance to the report. The Burmese had, however completed their seccont. compensating instalment; but it is said they had been ingenious enough to pay it in rein debased to halfits nominal va'ue. The cheat was discovered up m the coin being assayed at the mint. The Ashanteks. Private letters, and

documents fiom the Gold Coast to the 20lh jj of Julv. confirm tlie intelligence of the ;

movements rt tne king l Ashantee against I the British allies and forts in that quarter.; As Io the number of the enenv forces' tad other details the accounts in the let- I ters are various and contradictory from I twenty t 50,000 men arc the estimates of i the A-bantee army, and one ofthe letti rsj says, that it is already within (hirtt inilesj of Cape Coast castle. Tney all sufficient j ly demonstrate the dreailful alarm whifh!

prevails and which i heightened by the h irnvern

previous expenaiu'e oi tne savage and formidable character ofthe Ashantees. The

'British subjects and their allies were or-

night, passage boats traverse the port. throw into the sea, every night, dev-i .)' dies which are carried by the current ; nay from tho shores bordering tl'e f:T ital. The manufacturers in Scotland much distressed. At Ayr, one thin! i ti operatives were wholly idle, m il suh-'; a poorly as subsistence cou Id be. Ai'brr; ful fever prevails at Dublin. Mr. Gallatin, with hi fondly. visit Io Paris. Mr. Canning is uUq t' ' : There is a ereat cmiL'ration iVem t"1

many to IVdand 250.C00 manufa t'

. l l -I .1 .. ill i'i 'in:

are saiu io nave cqwii'-u ; few years.

be

The recent events at Catth irra I; hlv demonstrate the truth of an "1"';

i npri"inpn innn zttm i mm;

Colombia himself, that the

i.wl Stli the

111. TO that l?eel l W .

tribute the Dresc td slate t i iitM-r-.n-

into r;hich the cout.trv h i1- bob n. To men acctii'.um.'d or ly b 'c

( iii!i-";

iM.'

t e