Public Leger, Volume 3, Number 132, Richmond, Wayne County, 25 November 1826 — Page 2

police? Derw

Printed ad published by S. B. Walmng.

jNto. 132. Richmond, Indiana. Vol. iii. MISSISSINIWAY TREATY. Camp near tbc month of the Mississinewav, i on the Wabash, October 23, 1 820. Sin: Accompanying this, ne havo ihe honor to transmit fo you the treaty which we concluded with the Pottawatamies on the lGth inst. a ml that which was concluded w;th the Miamies on this day. These treaties have been the result of a long and tedious negociation, in w hich every exertion was used to procure a cession on the most reasonable terms for the United States, and we are confident in the opinion that the object could not be obtained without assenting to the stipulations which are found in the instruments. It is difficult to ascertain the precise boundary cf Indian claim?. The line of demarcation between the different tribes are not distinctly established, and in fact, their title rests more on possession than prescription. The tribes are frequently intermingled, and each has sometimes a common interest in the same district of country. North of the Wabash, the Miamies and Pottawatamies arc in this condition. At the treaty of in the right of the former tribe to the country on the Wabash and its tributaries was recognized, but lime and subs quent circumstances have materially affected this arrangement. At the treaty of St Marys, in 1 CIO, it was considered important to procure a cession from the Potawatomies of the country south of the Wabash, and the entire cession from the Yerinillion to the Tippecanoe was in.ide by that tribe. A'id it seemed to Le generally admitted bv both of these tribes, that j

there was a common and undehned inter

the particular request of the tribe, and tb2 j

claimants are exclusively Indian traders, whose property end services have been scattered through the whole Indian country. Considerable deductions have been made (cozi all of thena, and the Potawatamies arc anxiou for their payment, as well to be relieved from the pressure of these debts, as to procure such credits hereafter as their necessities may require. Lands have been granted to various individuals, as will appear by the subjoined

schedule, which exhibits the extent and : situation of these tracts. Almost all these s persons are of Indian descent, and the few who are not so are connected with them

I by early association, by trade, or by other!

; circumstances. And all tnese grants have j been inserted at the particular request cf

j the Indians, and most of the grantees have !

; materially aided us during the negocia- ; lion. In order to guard any imputations, j wc have inserted a provision that any cf ' these names may be expunged from the treaty. Cut we trust that it will not be ; found necessary for tho Senate to exer jcise this power. Confident expectations

! are indulged by the Indians and the per i sons interested, that these grants will be j

to

o

JS

joint interest with the PoUawatamics an extensive district of country, ancf alll . i ..nKliV nnirtinn. as well

to the situation of Ihe Indian?, uH probably prevent them from taking possession of any part of it, without the formal consent

fthnPotawatamies, still tl.' cxungu;?n

.pursuing a system which we trust few advocates. ' v' 1; ! The sum appropriated for h J itreaties, and winch we ,;jVt, j,. "r ilia been place J in tin hands r.f M -i,f. i Forsyth, sua agent in the Indi'f. merit, and. appointed lv u

I III!

. ..i -i;-....i!Un:i i ns to i missarv lor ma; nuriOM. - m

ment or me miami u.u -- p. - , , ' , , , ,v-'ioei

n.iTAri:ite with more emciency,

Arrnri:ii with more

proper time arrives for the purchase of the P.a.iwntamiu country, or for the esiablis.i-

mninf another boundary between them

and the United States. The extent cf this , Miami claim we do not know, and it must! be left to the government hereafter to as- j certain it, when such a measure becomes rr t - Katlnr '

necessary, i ne wiamies hic uisw organized in their government than the Potawatamies,and their reduced numbers enable them to act with more unanimity. The preceding annuities due to them were considerable, and they were aware that the possession of the country was highly important to us. Under these circumstances, it wh3 necessary to give them much more for the relinquishment they made, than was given to the Potawa tannics. And, without troubling you with the details of a semi-barbarous negotiation, which occupied us many days, it is e-

integralpart of the consideration for the ;;' nough to say, that the treaty exhibits the

cession. ! most

It was impossible to procure the assent i could be made.

properly extend Hi. r

i i . . . .:...!.. i

nave oeen cunuitu ana ;n)rr.. ,, ,,r" Iii' tvili inoooli,! .'-! i- fr;ir.-rr,; t . li

to the the 1 rca-:rv Ur seliit Verv respect fully.

!.

Wo

are. b:r.

JOI1X TI?Tfr' JI o v. J a m rs L n i: o e a , ' Secretary ol War.

advantngcoui arrangement wnicii

r.i i . . . t

, oi me I'oiiaivaiaciies or Miamies to a removal west of the Mississippi. They are not yet prepared fortius important change : in their situation. Time, the destruction of game, and the approximation of our set- ! llements arc necessary before this measure can be successfully proposed to them. It was urged as far as prudence permitted, land in fact until it became apparent that further persuasion would defeat every object we had in view. It was then important that the Indians should be separated

in bands, by the intervention of our scttlo

at in the country north of the Wabash. !j ments. As long as they can roam unmo- j

These circumstances rendered it proper to j lasted through the country, we may in j

treat with the Mutinies and Pottawata-

; vain expect either to reclaim them from

The annuities due from former treaties to the Miamies amount to 15,100 dollars. Consequently, the permanent annuity given by this treaty will be G,C00 dollars Dut we have procured the insertion of a provision, applicable to preceding annuities, as well as to this, by which their duration will depend on the existence of the tribe. The Miamies are greatly reduced in numbers, and like all the tribes in this quarter, they are in a rapid state of declension. A perpetual annuity would be payable as loot: as an individual of the tribe mi-Hit remain. Bat by the present

will

LIBERIA. Ezlracis from puLUc "On the 1st of.Inne, w:h

i aureemcnt wit!) Joe Ilarr:

! head men 61 U rand Bassa,fur F.ictorv , an! to be held in fee Hmplr, ,v j;' I ety, forever."' Goods to tec v;."l c; . ' dollars were given for this Mai.d. " "This irland lies from : .o ot, ! miles from the bar of, and within S I, river, which belongs to the eror! rl. magnitude of the rivers ofue.-t Afri.a .

5 G miles long, 3-4 of a mile wi.fe.j

OI.( J,,,',,,

In treating however with the Pottawat-

amies, we are sensible that their title to the most valuable section of the country was not as valid as that of the Miamies. Aud therefore, the consideration paid to them is much less than that paid to the others. The annuity is comparatively small and limited, and the sum appropriated for the puipoe of education is determinable at the pleasure of Congress. The amount of the other stipulations for blacksmith, fcc. is inconsiderable, and the objects tin melvcs are such as are important to the Indians, and cannot be inditFcrent to the Government. Goods have been distributed to them, as will appear by the fourth article of the treaty, to the amount of thirty thousand five hundred and forty-seven dollars seventy-one cents, and an additional quantity of nine hundred dollars have been promised them. Without this provision no treatycould have been formed. The Indians always an ivc at our treaty riounds Door

and naked. They expect to receive seme !j fitting the validity of the cession, and part of the consideration at the moment of ll therefore a stipulation has been inserted, signirg the treaty. This expectation in ! bich will give that body the entire confact, furnishes the only motive for their at- i; tro of the subject. tendance, and much the most powerful j! Bat our principal difficulty has been motive for their assent to the measures u tne Miamies. The country which proposed to them. A reduction in the an- !) 'hey occupy is much more valuable than nuity is effected by these payments, much ! tnat occupied by the Pottawatamies. gieater in value than the amount distribu- l is immediately upon the Wabash, and ted. The sum appropriated for these lj commands the great avenue of cemmunitreatics. fifteen thousand doll irs, Mas cer- i! raton between the Ohio and the Lakes, tai-jlv intended to defray the necoiarv ex- ! river, the northern boundary of the

arrangement this heavy debt will cease when they become incorporated with some

more powerful and kindred tribe, and this

to seek a residence where tl.cir habits a d ;j evcut canot be ery remote. The ap- ! pursuits will be less injurious to us. We jj propriation for the Mipport of their poor, .could not purchase any particular district !j am for the education of their youth, being ; near the centre of the Pottawa'.amie ccun- U lid.ited like that to the Potawatamies, e

try, but that tube freely consented togiv jJonot consider as nicsentiii!: an difficulty

-

mies for the whole tract to be purchased, II llie savage life they lead, or to induce thtm ,1

in order as well to do justice by them, as to prevent a resort to hostilities, the usual

arbiter ot Indian disputes.

ft a .ft . . .

I us land lor the road describe d in the trea- . j ty,and for the settlement along it. Such ! j a road may at all times he useful to them ' in travelling, and it will readily furnish j them with a market (ot their game, and the means of procuring their acittomcdj ' supplies. But what is much more import- f ; ant to us, it will sever their possesions, ; : and lead them at no distant day to place 1 their dependence upou agricultural pur- i suits, or to abandon the country. The c- , ventual importance of this communication j to the United States, either in a pecunia- j i ry or political view, it is no p.rt ofour du ; ' ty to explain. Such a provision cms made 'tor the construction of a road from the la j ; pids of the Miami to the western line of j ; the Connecticut reserve it. Ohio, but as i? t has not been frequent in Indian treaties, j 'we thought it proper that the Senate j ; should be enabled to act upon this as wt II ;

as other matters in the treaty, without af

in the way of the ratification of the treaty

The temporary annuity of 10.000 dollars,

i payable in 1327; .and of 5,000 dollais, pay

able in 1823, and the provision for the immediate supply of goods, and for the delivery oftlfL' remainder in the course of ihe nest summer, and the stipulations fcr huil ding houses und furnishing various article s to ihem, constitute an important portion ot tho roimiitpraf inn fur the cession. ilh-

nul nrrfilitiT tnthr m. w shntlld have COO-I Sequence of

- .. ' ,..... I'll- t

eluded no treaty. The observations made; i -H..sl ol them are imii.ir.ir rauise, -...u-in the preceding part of this letter, resp. c-, U vatiim lanas on the St. 1 aI . ting the immediate purchase of uoods, u ill Improvements ofev. ry descnpl.ot apply to the purchase made for the Miam-!! g5 forward with activity, and (W-it-s. This amounts to 31.010 dollars 53 !: tlot Mo kr,own to xlu Cltl ,n.v- , cents a exhibited in the aecompanyi. L' !i The lumber and stor. s inlrodarescbedule.and similar vouchers havo been j the Atrenl for recaptured Alncu prepared and delivered to the parties in- ' placed thai departm-nt m a veryrc

roiW-d. Tb.. amniinl rt due. at d fl)r ! siiuauon. i ue coo n. u p.o. w -

: is

. Iwvel; of the most produrt:c i(-:

world; forming tlie key of.;:, ir:.rr.ei..f..v. ' invalualde country, aru cerr.rnai ,!;, ,

trade ol a rich and hoiinilb s; luU-Uut

Its soil will easily subs't 10U0 Unii; iit has excellent water, and hu'Mii rt,,; '"rials in abundance ha? two or !.t small native hamlets, hut the purple ! u ! ever been among the most friciidlv I peaceable of all our neighbors isionis given immediately, aiul . payment to a small amount h;: L. ,n ,j.

! Vessels Ol 0 U) io;tf, (.

! tne ol. jonn s, in a caiai nine, at.,

; tne practice oi uoing o. n j i place thirty to fifty families tin -r

next arrival frimt trie Lmed ja!(

i small schooners building will i.ijble :i; jcolot.its on the main to c ernir.uiiicr.c ' th.e island every ueek, or cStei.er. :i cessary, the distance beieg less t:.;.;: a :i( ;gle day's sail from the Cape. Seventy five families ar r.ow Lhthe St. Pa ill's all, or nearly all of whtc. have actually removed there, l ave n ,!; improvements on their lands. T!;eLL number of plantations a( tu !ly ai?r-tc. is 21 0, exclusive of lands held a;.d pied by recaptured African?.

Not an individual from rwrth Ltml . has suffered materially in heahh, in

to ti.is co:ir,:n.

emigrating

i!

'concern suffers from the limited nea:

which its pro'res i meaurej i certainly, in companion to its n'fu i

tirS

pcr ses attending the convocation of the

Indians, and the general business of the negociation. It could not have been cx pr-cted that any part of the consideration given for the land, should be met from this fund. It was barely suflicieut, with the most rigid economy to pay the actual claims for services and supplies, essential to the subsistence of the multitude assembled here, to the preservation of the necessary police, and to the Aucccesful result which we have ultimately attained. Ui derthee circumstances, no resource

!j I otawatamic cession, is incorrectly reprei sentcd on the maps. In its general course it is much further from the Wabash than i it appears to be upon them; and from the i best calculation we can make, the whole i cession is not less than two millions of acres,and perhaps amounts to three mil ; lions. Toe tract upon Lake Michigan is

essential to the interests of Indiana; for without it, her citizens can have no access to that important outlet. The district em braced in the Miami cession, is probably

i equal in value to any other tract of 9imi

was h ft us.butto purcha-c goods upon the !! hir extent in the western country; and its credit of the neociaf ion. nrov iilini' for l! acquisition was hiehlv important to the

r-r Tr T i " cjr

their payment by (he United States, if Ihe treaty should be ratitted, and by the Indians, if the ratification should be withheld. Proper invwit s and certificated of these purcha have hern prepared, and contingent draff- have been drawn on the department, payable aft; r an appropriation shall he made tor that purpoe. A schedule of these draft, dated the ICth inst. acmmpanirs this letter. To them are ;i!ii x d the invoices, which will fullv explain the nature of the supplies which have been luri.iidird. Provision has been made fcr the payment of certain claims ;'aiil the Potawatamies am; anting to the Mim of.sl) 573.

These clain.5 have been

agreed

to at'

state of Indiana, as it interrupts the con

tinuity of her settlements, and prevents her from entering upon that system of in tcraal improvements, to which she is invited by nature, policy and interest. The right conveyed by the Miamies is also more extensive than that conveyed by the Pottowatamies. The latter have ceded their right to the country within specific hounds. To the largest, and much the most important of the three cessions made by them, the Miami claim is the most valid. Uut the Miamies have ulso ceded their whole right to the country north of the Waba-h, with the exception ofa few m.ill rrv.linns. rPh ITi.if,4.'

'j Slates, by this cession, have acquired aj

boundaries and rnpidly aecumy!;

jects of expense and attention.

dou-, awful and destructive iiurrK'i e.

whicit provision must be made, is '2C,C59 dollars -17 cents, A few reservations have been made, which require no particular explanation,

and lands have been granted to certain in !

dividual under similar circumstances tojj

tl.ose already stated. Pecuniary claims i I . . " i. i: 1 . .1 i

nave iii Hue inannrr oeen iniuiuaieu ami ; . . . , ii , rn. , i whic h wehaveanv lecord. p;is?fu ' allowed. Ihe necessary schedules, ex-.i . , ., , cV i:iv r ii r.i t ! ttie country about Jo nub s ;iteve o

munihgit iuii view oi mesi hunjecis, are herein enclosed. It is only necessary to add, in relation to them, that without consenting to this arrangement, all our efforts would have been useless. Wc have also agreed, as the cccompan-

ying exhibit will shew, to purchase fn m a

jry, North Carolina, in neaily an t-'j rection, on Friday evening, the

The current cf wind was oi ly !nout . yards in width. In its course it trtj ry thing from the ground; sucii wa it?( sUtless fury, that the sturdiest oak?.

me Heaviest ror k. were mm i

number ol indtv.dm.ls the tracts granted ! onrt ;u (, hjOWM trikft ;it!icrs befrr;: tothembythetreatyofSt. Maiy's I he j ofdi wind This is extravagant land amounts to 6,720 acres, and 2o,7S0 gllaj, ift Vyi but it IS l0 more sat are to be paid for it. I hese are the prm- j t ' ..lit.. K.r n,.t it. u.li 1 ,

kliv l l-uiii 1 f in ouoi - - ,i

cipal circumstances connected with this

negociation, and with the treaties which have resulted from it, that i- doom it important to submit to you. We have never lost sight of the interest of the U. States, nor have wc forgotten that we were treating with a poor miserable people, the feeble remnant of the former owners of the country: a people who have sustained many injuries from us, and who have many claims upon our justice and humanity.

e deem it no part ot our duty to

them to the ground. Jo procure their

country for the least possible price, vi

have allowed them

(he.

turret v nrr tho hurricane Pa.vL"

elled to thi vmimdl nresentiliL'

nearance ofa meadow of hixuricit

j with a singlo swath vawrd iIim;.' ( j centre of i Wherever it passeil a p i

!i tion,it totally annihilated every )

course. We have not learned n cxter.tof the hurricane.

To give some idea of tbe h"C'lC'p force of the wind, we can slate, on i

authority, that laiL'e timbers l-,lJ

IV':ssj square, and 2Qor GO f-et h.-,cre

! ed two and three mile?; seme oi i j

.III. '

lj ing apparel blown Irotn

-vhtl. .... ...

.luble ln II... ceSi?n ll,cy have n.lu. kllivM mA Uki wereWoW1. t "! "J

i in hoc o iitariv exnaivior, a:aj there M i i rium tnrk

liiiln a. il 1 : r. . i M

j mi 13 mi ii miry ut;i i v c il Olll It. lll doing this, we believe we were consulting the views of our government, and the feel ! ing and opinions of our couutrv. We!

shall bo happy to fmd that our conduct is approved, and that the treaty has been rat "died. Certain we are, that another or a better o;ic will not be procured, without

fist III

1 1.-

iM

. !... a;.,.. X-r We con

nunureus oi omer insi.mo .;:j improbable as the above which Jn J j ed for in a way that will i ot M;'J doubt as to their correctness. ' 'j, imnosib!f fn estimate the I' c' r

hassutfjred: it cannot be lc th