Public Leger, Volume 3, Number 126, Richmond, Wayne County, 30 September 1826 — Page 2

FOREIGIJ AFFiimS.

Selected from Eastern P.ij crs. , The Journal du Commerce, of t!ie 24th. sr.ys that accounts from Constantinople to the l25th of June, state the news from the Provinces was not very encouraging. The Janaz.iries of Belgrade were not affected by the knowledge of the fate of their colleagues at Constantinople ; hut

unfavorable reports were received fromi oilier parts of the empire. It was saidj that the Janizaries of 11 1 1 1 i p polis and Adrianople were in open rebellion, and contemplated marching upon Constantinople.; It is added, although with little degree of, probabilit), that they had proposed to thej Greeks to make common cause with them.!

The Paris Kditor remarks, that it is dillicult to obtain correct intelligence, as, under the existing state of atTairs, persons were restrained from writing. The squadron of Lord Cochrane was about to be re-inforced by two steam-boats and a 71. The Constitutionel is enraged that

Spain should purehasp peace witli Ali'h rsj by the payment of G.OOO.OOOf claimed by ! the I)oy,and neglect the debt due Frni.ce. j L tters from Rome, received in Paris, j state that the M assacre at Missolonghi j made so deep an impression on Leo X.that! it was in contemplation to address a It'tter j in favor of the Greeks to all Christian Po- j tei tates. j A letter from Napoli di Romania, dated j July 7th, says In the Peloponnesus! there are five thousand Romeliots, and the natives hae at length determined to act in ! Concert with them.as well as the Mainiotts. ! j It is probable that Mr. Gordon, who hn : jut arrived here, w ill put himself at the j head of the Romeliots This, genth man j has remitted to Colonel Fabver 150.0001. ! to supply the wants of his troops. Two I Vesels,one laden with cannon, and the oth- j cr with coal-, have arrived lere, witl news of the early coming of Lord Co-j chrane. The Greek tleet, consisting of J 120 vessels is scourii g the Archipelago, J fullv determined to attack the enemy j wherever he may be met. The fortresses' of Athens, Nap"h di Romania, Corinth,! and Napoli di M.lvisa, ate victualed In! one year, and old Nothao the most virtu ou of our ritiz-ns, is making threat effort ! to victual Corinth for three years. Forty j cannomers, the remnant ot those of Mi-so- j he.ghi. are destined, by eommat'd of the i government, to form the garrison of Hzz. under the command of Mitros IVhgi orgopoulo, who i appointed commander of that I fortress. It wa- he who commanded the cannoni'Ts at .Missolonghi. I'AdUM). The aspect of things in the'!

manufacturing districts continues gloomy . ! N r can we flatter ourselves, that there! will bean earlv improwment in the condi ! tion of our country. The distress among the arliz s in the interior is unabated, and it is, we frar, likely to increase. Several extensive manufacturers have, it ietated, res dv.'d t( limit the time of ttieir -workmen to only four days in the week.! in consequence f the demand for goods be ( ing almo-t entirely suspended. When trade i in the depies'd state which this fact indicates it is not possible, that ! the th"tiands of industrious men who have, ! for several months past, bren out of work,! can obtain employment to enable them j to provide for their own wants and those of their families. The prospect, it must he' conf-s-cd, is sutln iently discouraging. i The bounty of the benevolent and humane lias d ne much to mitigate the suffering-of the unfortunate poor; but experience has: demon-hated, that private charity is perfectly inadequate to supply the necessaries of all those who are at present pining under horrors little short of destitution. ; G vernm- tit, wc are assured, are anxious to do all in their power to mitigate the suf fering of the poor; but the evil under '' which the country i laboring is one which we fear, "neither kings nor government-' catMure.' Ministers cannot give an impetus to commerce, or revive trade, or im part motion to the loom; and until com-; inTce i quickened, trade revived, and the loom once mre in motion, the present un exainpled distress in the- manufacturing. districts cannot undergo any sensible di;ni nut ion." Porti gai. The new constitution being promulgated at Lisbon, was warmly re-' ceived by the people. A private letter ay that the Austrian Ambassador proposed to the diplomatic body to protest a gainst the Portuguese charter. The Bri-1 tish minister replied firmly that such a step was so unaccustomed in the right of j i.ations, and such an attack upon the au thority tf kings, that he felt it his duty to! repel the proposition. The French nm-t h .s.ador and the other foreign ministers then ab-tained. The French minister ur-j ged s"trC: rles Stuart very strongly tocx-; ert his influence to have the publication of

the cuurtcr postponed until he, the ambus

sador, should receive instructions from!

France; but sir C harles replied that he could not enter into such combination?. The most peifect tranquility prevailed at Lisbon. ..' ' It is confidently repotted that the Austrian ambassador at Madrid, has declared to the corps diplomatique, the determination of the emperor not to consent to the establishment of the ncyv Portuguese constitution. No doubt the charter is offensive to the ioy allies' and the adored king of Spain. We hope that it may upset the latter, and it probably will, if honestly administered a year or two. Colombia. Our accounts, as to the present condition and prospects of Paez, are not clear. Some hold ut the idea that no other province had joined him, and that his schemes would soon die a natural death. Others aflirm that Carthagena and Maracaibo had joined him. Bolivar, it is repeated, yvas speedily expected to arrive, and it yvas hoped that all matter would be peacefully adjusted. - From the L ianm G iz ttrj INTERESTING PECISION. The following decision by J M. Hous? ton, Esq. upon a subject interesting f ) manv of our citizens, has, by request, bC-$. furnished for publication. Jacob Luzvson, Defendant is claimed

f as a person held to

Jacob i a black man. I serv ice or labor to the ncgroior man of color y claimant under the laws of Kentucky, and as having escaped to this state. 1 Sept. 4th, the claimant caused the defendant to be arrested and brougnt before me, and in support of his claim offered a bill of sale for the defendant as a slave, dated 5th March, 1815, and executed by William Layvson, of Scioto countv, O iio; he proved the execution of the b II of salt and the pay merit of the pur

chase money, by Willi im Laws n, a son of! t'le claimant, to have taken place in Flem j

lag county, Kentucky, and that defend t fial served Jacob Lawson and the, said witness as a slave until about new year,

10 -5, when he yvas hired to one Dreno.o , j

with whom he stayed till in August, l25, and thei ranaway, that said lave was about 13 years of age when bought by clai 'Hint he also proved that the defendant at numerous times and places had acknowl

Iged th.it he belonged to the claimant.

Fhe claimant relied on the latter clause

of the 'id section of the 4th article of the constitution of the United States, as also ori the 3d section of the act of Congress en titled an act rc-peeting fugitives from justice and persons escaping from the service f their misters,'1 passed in 1793. The defendant proved that the claimant had admitted that Thomas Lawson had been the former oyvner of tiie defendant, and had resided at the mouth of Tigert" creek Kv. near the bank of the Ohio river, and 'iad hired defendant to William Lawson of S iota countv, O. yvho lived in sight of him and yvhere he had served a little less than a year, that William Layvson, then took defendant back to Kentucky, took a bill of sab of him from Thorn is Layvson. and 8 days afterwards sold him to Jacob Lawson. the claimant, and relies on the 'Jd section of the Cth article of the constitution of the

state of Ohio, as the guarantee of his liberty . On the presentation of these fac ts, the object of our enquiry is yvhether the defendant is a -lave escaped from the service of his master in another state, or a free man. The constitution of the United States, contemplates such a thing as slavery in the Union, and the common history of the country shows that the constitutions and laws of some of the states sanction the holding of persons of color as slaves, and that the construction given by their courts places all blacks Sc mulattoes in the class of slaves and if any cl a m freedom the onus probmuli rests on them, they must shoyv that they are free; That the defendant at some dr.te previous to March 1 Gl 5, under the laws of Kentucky, yvas a slave to Thomas Lawson, seems to be tolerablv yvell established bv the evidence ami admitted by the arguments of the defendant's counsel, although it is denied that he at any time yvas the "lave of Jacob Layvson. There seems to

il.int.f7as at William Lawscn's, and knowing that the defendant was there, and suffering him to remain there so long a time, shows as clearly his consent. If then we believe as we must believe that the defendant served in Scioto county with the consent of his master, it was not an escape, within the meaning of the above mention

ed section, of the constitution and layv of

the United States, as relied on by the claimant. For whenever the master consents that his slave may reside in any state, he also consents that he shall be subject to the operation of the constitution and laws of that state. It will not be said that when in Ohio, any municipal law of Kentucky could be enforced against the defendant. The layv and constitution of the United States, on the subject are rendered inoperative by. tee master's consent, and nothing at that time could prevent the full force nnc operation of the laws and constitution i Cut the evidence shows that after this V ri in Scioto county the defendant was : llsn to Kentucky treated as a slave un o'er the laws of that state, and served probably as much as ten years as a slave to 'Jacob Layvson, who purchased r im of Wil !.m Lawson of Ohio, who had purchased rum of Thomas Layvson. after the beforementioned term of service in Scioto coun It has not been contended that hiring thc'defendant in Ohio for a term, then takiL' him hack to Kentucky as a slave, was

prohibited by any law of that state; indeed j there seems to be little doubt that if tin j

! defendant had, after he was sold to Jacob j ! Layvson claimed to be free in consequence J

' of his having been hired out, in Ohio, the ! layvs and courts of Kentutky would have ! decided against him, and if such a decision must have been applied to his case unde r I these circumst mces, fie might well be said i to owe service and labor to Jacob Layvson I under the layvs of Kentucky. And if Ja

cob Layvson never consented that the defendant should come to Ohio, by coming ; here ha h 'o escaped frm the sei vir j of his master in Kentucky ? But he i noyy i arrested in Ohio ai d presents this political ! paradox a free man of one state and a j slave of another at the same time." Thus, i n't otdy the rights claimed by these par J ties are brought in collision, but even the ; layvs and con-tituti ns under which they cl .im. seem to be at variance in this particular f ase. These should be reconciled if possible, and to do this it is only neres sary to adhere to the true meaning of the I wotd "escm-e' whit h is the hinge on which i this question turns. To establish the clai mant's right, it matters not yvhether th i defendant escaped from the present clam

ant oi from some other person from wh mj i his title is derived, so that the chain of ti i tie be good and fairly made out. But ri the right to claim the servic e of the de-j i fendant hns been forfeited or relinquished j 'by any act of any person through whom; the title is derived, the chain of title be ! ; came defective from and after that date,; ' and the services of the defendant cannot j be claimed except in lieu of equivalent orj

i stipulated wages to be received by the defendant agreeably to fhe constitution of O do. That this right of property yyas ! l-t by the act of Thomas Layvson, hircint; his slave to serve in this state there cannot remain a reasonable doubt. As this I construction in some measure subjects the

interior of tins slate to the evils arising from a black population, so would a contrary construction subject our southern frontier to all the evils of slavery, which in time would gradually extend throughout the state. Our constitution must be

construed to protect us against the greater

evil, yvc must look to our layvs to protect!

us against the less. If the consent of I homas Layvson has made the defendant free under our constitution, we cannot recognize him as the slave of Jacob Lawson yvho claims under him by the layvs of Kentucky. The defendant therefore must be discharged.

it is based was obtained, must the conflicting view tih.,k fi'

subject. There can, howerr ( 1 ! of the truth of the redu ed ed as it is on local ar.d preso- i i ;' edge. As we entirely concur i! ion that the facts ought to bo cir order to supersede the error,eftlJS( which have been put into rirniU0 the aggregrate cost of this 'rr(..t' !n ' !

statements which are to bp rt jj '1 transfer the editorial article ..f, 0" .... . y'l li.tP

berland Advocate in to our ml.. . . ... v-uliiril':

mi7 iiiiwii.taiiwn .otai can dp

relation to an enterprise aff.-ct ?u a ' and varied interests, is of val-j,. to be collected and combim d, ! , thf meeting of ihf?

- . ...w -WWII. Villi

ber:

Chesapeake and Ohio Cana..

conlirms the views which we have already

be no doubt of the fact that the defendant, j taken of the great reduction which may he

while he yvas the property of Thomay Layv

son, served tor some time with William Lawson in the state of Ohio, whether this was yvith the consent of T. Lawson does not so clearly appear from the evidence. Six witnesses yvho were all present and testify as to the fact as admitted by the claimant' differ as to the words spoken by him, hut they are uniform in their understanding that the defendant yvas in Scioto county at yyork for William Layvson by and yvith the knowledge- and consent of his master Thomas Layvson; and when yve revert to the testimony that says that Thomas and William Layvson lived in sight of each other, there cannot remain a reasonable doubt that Thomas knew the defuu-

t:iIF.SrEKR AND OHIO CANAh. The following information relative to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, wbieh yve

extract from the f 'nmherhnwl Ailvnrntn H i I ...I ... I ....! . it! i

- - - . ---"---. I ll'C 1 I I t 1.1 i I't 1 111 I I 1.1 11 IT

I) ..!.,.

1 l . L Hill s

mosi every iniiig oi un .-

l.lr,. f Cl .... I t ,. K

iuvi; ii "in vjru. u n nara, ciiipj oj'jj pographical Corps of Kngineers 0f.. nited States. H s estimate of t,e ble cost of the canal from tide Pittsburgh, is 20 millions of (J,.jir, though, ays he, it has heretofore. 1

ted at 30 millions, it is probl will serve to create a reaction n fa i the measure. We have also been f,1 with a copy of an analyses of the prfj different material which yvilJ be UJ the construction of the canal, of uJ If the general was correct in liiM.;' of materah, yvork. 8c. we yvnul.j r j) aree with him that the aggrecn'erthe whol yvork would he 20.oo! I .deed 20.000.000 would be a nailer.) li.nate, yvere yve to pay s per di' common laborers, eight dollars pa ! and for bricks of a sin dl hz , v:J ly four inches, and two tbn k ! rr, a cent per buhel stone at tuudolh j perch delivered, and In e del! :i; an, tv-one cents put in the w,dl; the !' of his estimates are equ dh hl . i ia order to how the public how k estimates of the General are aihnethi'

Cost of those articles, we will lare

tfieir several prices in ti.is du snj which, t'H, many of our citiz wl williiig to deliver them at. on any p'

the line of the canal, where lin t ciav can he obtained. Br irk ! ' vJ euir( d for the canal, can he hiii;.' doll is per thousand, hrne .it Itna;! bushel, stone delivered yvitliiu a rc;i-! distance, at ti ft v cents per pert h. ;:. in the yvall at eighty-seven reels' ers in abundance may be o:)t.ii; t Jl j cents per day . Compare this es!n j the real prices of the artiel-., j (. the construction of the cai i!.

Ueneral s estimate, and you ni n : in many articles, he is at h-ast t i -too high. The canal, t' ere fore, i coding -920.000.000, will iictu.ilh ; eeed .S'a.000.000; .-r at the rvi,!: than 10.000.000. This stawnni be correrfed before it g'e :w.ie u lie. lest the warmest Ire Is el ! fn-

sliould be frightened at the c tull!v-j and desert it entirely. Put the r GeneraTs estimate; eveietln n it ! tiie most profitable stock in whaiil'.

eral government could enu 1 yve are permitted to take ti-t . 1 for a criterion. That the e.iini.'iJ ' ' rials, labor. &,c. is entirely tooihr sure every pra tical man is ytpsay. General Lacork, w ho i-' '! e j Pennsylvania Canal Cnimi-i who is a man of practical ki;-'' the construction of turnpike r in) Sec. contends that the canal fr -m ter to Cumberland can be n . tl and a half millions of dollars !. fays, that he will contract to oej that sum. Mr. David Siuiv r. ) stand, yvho yvas lately attached !c '1

States Board of Internal Inroy' so says, that he will join Gen. La the contract. , Gen. Bernard gives the mosM account of his late surveys an-'

itionsof the Will's creek and ; route, and states that tin re i r 1

.1 a 1. 1. -,.,t vrr 1-

111 mis route wuicu cuau .- overcome.

Singular. A little circling

I ft . 1 1 .. , . 1 M l lit

collect to nave nearu, ei- ; ( of witchcraft. A gentleman m1-'1;

mad: from the estimate of the engineers.

it will be seen that the maximum calcula- !

"u" una e.vii.ui is ikj millions, joni attenuin" trie ueani ,

while the minium computation brings the jj tf, 1J1(j the curiosity to ",!' u't' cost down to 8 millions. In a recent Penn- j Xvhen, lo and beh id! he f '111 !

sy Ivania paper it yvas stated that the ex-

j pense of cutting the western canal in that

State will not exceed the cost of making a turnpike road, about S'COOO per mile. The d.tfe rence between the estimates laid

before the Central Committee, and tho?

borhood discovering some ui;U

'of hog's bristles secrcfci 1 ' ' ; 1 j stomach of the beast, b to 7 i"'; j 1 .... O, !:' I

cter. How tbee bails gn'1; tJ rMiiii.rliirP. Some SliniHlSL ' u " ,

'

taken into the stomat h "y

the

purruit of salt, during h -g

furnished by the great reduction which has tjlit j,v t. 'rt.m,ar icoveii-cta , , recently sprung up among the canal con- jj tive pmvt.r3 Hiev had Ihtii

tractors in Pennsylvania. T o this spirit of , ,J,(J bodies and rolled it

rivalry, yve believe, rather than to any in

correctness in the estimate of the engineers, at the time the information on which

lK

!... ...tiii drill HO

t unieie in. 11 , . f.

'sincsb3,and lav it to ' - " hvh Palladi a