Public Leger, Volume 3, Number 126, Richmond, Wayne County, 30 September 1826 — Page 1
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FRIENDLY TO THE BEST PURSUITS OF MAX
FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." CW
owper.
RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2
23 1826.
VOLVJih Hi.
ED
KSD I I HUSHED EVERY SATURDAY BY
nrvrox & waiting.
.ntstnrt.opsitc lauzhons Hotel.
"rilK PRirE OF THIS rvi'Kii n.diar an:! Fiftv Cents for Hit two ntim- . A:i'i 1 in ji.!ancp: Two Dollar if paid
'.'f.p'w"". or I'o Dollar and Fifty Cent., l!l ' l h, rVirc th' expiration ol" tin- rar:
i HIS i" tin- hi iiU'i liui it ;i
L ...f ;n a hai '
M ! ir?- that mode is o!n at .1. :.,rj ltl-,n taken fir It than i month, ami r". .r .ucoiitiitu'l until all arrearages are
jvft notify a lionntii nance at tl r ext irathf tiai'1 oiWnb d for, will be consider- ' ...... .nt
I , "-r ! tit EiiT!,;t mutt hare the pottage
r.-!,'. f.of tf aUtni-a to
TFUMS OF UVFRTlcINO. , . or f,r three nidation. One Dolj ; r.'iitm'i m;e t WT!lt -t.vo CI lit, a V. rti-' '-at' nt n samr. proportion.
f THi; B ACK COUNTRY. !iltfij ' rn; ti'Mi ftfe manner that cttlet nr.-1 nre'-1 in thr "B i ! wood,' ran not, e L i,.. rvi ! wiiKiiil itT. ii i; i-nntiined
f. ' . . .. . . .
j rf, , f fi . r. 'itr "l the .National Iritt-lTi-,P f' ini" Wl !' River, Randolph . V 'i .na. July IK. r.2i. 1R s!RJir the Mr -it time since the
Ill T O!" I'l'11 ' in' - i""'ii ':it"
I. I ' :i f ip t to have sufVi-
I ll.it a . - - . A 1
used to- for llio IVhii 1. . !I"' u'""V'd "" " "'l''l"'''tltiii larn.- r, a,.o ..d.li, uinci.l ot the Iioiib of rewind is fc
fMuuiu no pipasea u i touia mriue you
I reserve.
i I he new counties of this date, to whit b ! I before alluded, arc peopling with an asj tonishinnr rapid. tv. Settlers from ever) ! part of our count r are daih crowding in, i an cnimeiK itiu Hit workoViniprovetnent. U ith a foil of the richest possible, kind, the ; lands afford, upon a very little labor, abun- ; dant means for supporting the immediate j wants of nature, (bcond which, indeed. the earl) settler rart U calculates,) but I avsurc ou it is a Herculean task to subdue the immense forests, and to reduce the j lands into farms, of any thing like a beautiful appearance. A considerable length ; of time is requisite in any country for the ; beautifying u;irt t,i agricultural improve- , merits here it would setm that h;tf an j age must elapse before any thing can be j accomplished in that way . Indeed the j genius of the people rnut "alter first; few ! of them study any thing further, and indeed there is no reason why (u y a( prt.. ;ent should, than their immediate want j require. ! It is pleasing to study the character of
...... mrt rnrr,.tihrtnil..1w lilt f'HDT 111 11 li( Ci'll 1 1 1 1 . ;i I '1 1 to lllifii-r-
tV ;n the prnili u interesting sec- flilhl1 a,'tl comPlle bis habit and fash-:t-,e rou trv in ubich up are now i lons lu i,uh1 "Hiving and N .j.rn.N adord me :n opporttmitv of ZL'r'r th those of the inhabitant m .1 ". .. i older districts. The ftr-l tLii.ir l.;.i. I...
. . .. I .-llti'tlftk tf. lirti.i. I... .il.-..l ... .1 . I-
1. . or . MM' tnu-.r, c u- iu u -mii iin.iuo,i ill I IU If) W lisll O.
- . . .... I
wiuun wiucn the quarter section ol land, which he had proviously provided for a time, is to be home, is to seek it out and determine upon a spot to build. Having found a good spring, the location is soon made, and he next proceeds widi hi little
- - - .
y- irsi more
r lino d rivfi) from the commu- ! i ., urrm'T. j i i m' ko I1 i trouble to refer to) on, vti will fp-d that we are ?oeati V.-fl. r- of th ,t part of le.diar a '. ,4 Sv i riv'1-7' d omnoi- itv. We j . nramped upon the line which a ! l. . l .1. L I : . . 1
r-'fi a r" m tn. ,:i u: tuuiooa rie. 01 1
o ! nn I w' ero itill eit- the !
drr,res 1 a troofier country.
sensible of the character of this part of our happy republic, especially as respects its soil, productions, &lc Having as yet seen so little, I cannot presume to attempt that which, although a longer sojourn here may better enable mc to do it, must always be difficult. We have just had the honor of a visit, at our encampment, of the Executive Officer of the State, J. B. Ray, Esq., a gentleman of very affible and pleasing manners. He has risen to his present distinguished station fom merit alone is, as I have understood, a self taught man, and holds his situation with the general good feeling towards him, of the people over whom he presides. In company with him, were General Titton' and Major Forsyth, who had been on a visit to the metropolis of the State, to settle the preliminaries in relation to the pending treaty with the Indians. They left this place this morning for Fort Wane. We are just about to depart for that place al-o, to execute some surveys in that quarter. A rainy day has put it in my power to trouble ou with this letter. A similar occurrence may possibly produce a like result. In much haste, I remain, dtar sirs, yours, Jcc
From the North American Reicv. It is a mi-taken hut popular notion, arising doubtless from the cruel and sanguinary nature of the punishments which have prevailed in the governments established on the ruins of the Roman Empire,
all to the spot not to build a ca-tle in the lltbat penal denunciations are the principal
air, hut to put up a rough substantial ca- hanctinu of the laws, and the great moral bin. Ilia moveable means consists, per- machinery for the preservation of the
haps, ot a two horse wagon laden ith a l! rights of individual and of the public, in
'rr- tr.atv of?t. M.rvs(in t:u:V ' ftV '"T1" of husbandry, and son..
"fir
, political communities. This degrading
l to the enwrrrrvnt of (u . ! 1 ntb's ol : .ousehold lurniture, all of the !l view of the purposes of human action is.
1. : . 1 - .1 . ,.i . 1 . 1
U St.,tp6 of the Indian Territo- ,! """"ocm kuki, am. selected with a Mew
WVinh. the population !;lo,,lh5u,ulr,'r:t-,t i,,0!,- He rarely in
pr-rrm-nCeOH section ha v.- ,,ro. ; u.s , ,.,su. et.-n u ne nau me mens
A an n.fr.r :.h ot rat.-. Al.ict olli ois ll" ooiiit.yOeiUtijiS'l Sll
nlv .nnired fountrv ha beep di i-' 11 'l,,,n 't'iir on e ot tle tiln ?,) in any ot the co,itie. About twenty n.aments or luxuries ot domestic com -hue horn etahli-h-d within the il ,OIts- lobably his helpmate has indul-
V '.f ,. .vA contain row. after .o -e'1 herseit a little in this way, and out ot
' ,n,ri population of upward- Ii ! lr !l,v,,,,,,,!n ca,1'!i 01 cluckens eggs. . 1 1 1 : 1 . 1 . . . : . . 1
anu loiiiti, " mi'' ot .11 1 oe iiiy, niig pj-
1
1 -
1.0 1
i
v c t in'jf mind there i abun-
i cha-' d a set id 1 4iverpoo cups and saucers, . 1 1 n 1.1.1 . 1 .
pt-iP f ,r wr-.d-r and admiration in I' ; l':,n i uoz-n now ercu pnues, a iumic lea- ( r .o..rl, thl- hletdlv mv: country ! 'iml sU- ,r how I, a japanned waiter or ).;.,v a? . a- it u-er,. the nhori-inaU u ,,'"; eaudlestic k, and a5 a matter of
are- moment, si. e na peniaps veniuieii
f !'; nlirrp now tho-'
nvi t- nre -o rapifih 1 n- u -i: ,,T 'p",r'lM " 1
a-
j n nr'ii n' l- nre -n rat
;. T' "v t! en hut littl ilreamed rp ver to he di-tmhed in! iv-ra.' p'tr-uiN of huntii g. much
it t v lotlij he annoed bv the
T " :t t rl f.l ll,,. 1. Iiit iri-iti rnii'frl. I
'r ll jl ifiii u "dd- into c.pen tiehl-'
' anil i'"ti . o irtr the li:int'U
l. -r at a! the Hotl'do. W
1 . : . -1
witu a gainiv irame, atm picture over me top as l iro I-; t!ie minor, and esteemed, too, as much the most valuable part of the artic le. Whcncy er this happens to he the r n-e. these ettddems ol female iiiiile are
thank heaven, a false in theory as it i:
oemicious in elTeet. The very fact, indeed, that crimes are punished at all affords an unanswerable proof of our position; for if, amid all the had passions of social man, a redeeming spirit were? not abroad in soc iety if the principal of virtue it) mankind del not overmaster the principle of y ice if the fear of punishment were the sole or main motive which deterred them from the commission of crime it is most clear that penal laws would never be made or executed, bec ause the neccssan phsical paw er would be wanting to accomplish that purpose. Rut the number of men in a community is small, and the situations in almost every man's life are few, w here it is only the apprehension of the laws, which dc t r? from the perpeti -tion of crime. No, the great body of the community do not abstain from murder.
ar more
isnobie
soon detected after the cabin is raised. raping and other high-handed offences,
here now
I 1
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1
hmr 1 the present ra n will ab
for the remaini'-g
in this
r ii' l procure for t!
frihe. f f,rfh of the Wabash,
e - itrt" fate. Thevnre.it i said.
j V 'Bg -f n e of the best hit d in t'-.n.of... K liipovf-d to sell, a- the
Mara,!'. aveiM In hi in-ir 1I10 c-t
t
. i 1
la- m.
1
1 i r
The China, fcc. i found dashingly array- j ed. on the tliree cornered shelf', (always jj
' ative i" h ihitat ts Removed tip !: f-u ' : c-abin.) and the mirror suspended ,, . ..1 ..... 1 1 i.ir.i'1
a thnii.and mib-s from their:! ag.tinsltne wail, ovei a y.uaauu a 11.111 i v 1 : ... 1 1 1 1
nt da treaty which is nou to ;) uaul llow ef eel w an papei .
With this 01a t tit he arrives at the spot upon which his future home is to be erec t ed, builds him a camp of hushes or bark to screen his family from the weather for a few davs, and turns out leaving his wife and children at the camp, to solicit the aid of his neighbors, ( none of w hom, perhaps, reside w ithin ten miles of his lands,) in the erection of his cabin. O ie of the mod pleasing traits in the character of the inhabitants of a new country , w hich though it arises in some measure from necessity, originates in the kindest fee lings of our nature, is the alacrity and cheerfulness with which, on sue h
occasions, very necessary aid is contrihu
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wv re-narkahb- how certainly the '.rne..t ,.f the , i, 7 d M !rr ha a I ' v 1 a ' e. t. . v. n annihilate ;,;"l"ha'. It v ,.-! J realU sremas i
el"d h ;i j.,. Vo i ;!
?!
an i'.f t 1 ;., (- ." p.,p!.'. 5
'A 1 , i 1 . Willi 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 r 1 1 r 1 . r - 1
5 !l a dly t rnwding upon their j
tl lute ,,, d means of oMiter-
ted. iNo matter how urgent may he tne
. . 1 11 :. 1. .. v:. .......
'doit. mate -oi,s of the forest. !i u?mes l me c icier ini.aonai.i ai uieiunc, lhat. in ptopertion as settb - '! jt is of hut little account how far he may - npon thei, horders they ! ui compelled to go, or how inclement the
,.uivf- h weather may be actuated ly a le.linjj
1 1
' !:--!natior:. h-r uto
::i- -r.i.i.i ,U suhrnit to ! which perhaps none ever know
' l Mi
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an.:iits ot :h . moo ...1 them. ( enterprising seuieroi a new loimuy,
,;' l' w iti.d. nv th. ni-i
it
1..'-.
vtl
es he-
e o! . It 1 ... a ,, : , . a , . . ... 1, ; ,1,
- ' - .1 H.il'l' III.'. Ik III! II " i" rmitt..!. 1 o doubt for some
;,e In hi o er their hopes
I' Is a nieah'iit i inriri..iiiii
!... . : .
i . trc-st intimate y ar oiirunt
i ' ''a Indian 1 ii i r w t. i'l... it...
j- - " 1 iimi ill" jriv ""piny, ment ,y ciyihz-d man, i '!,!'rn. I was stunk with a com s v" laatk l. ne ol t!u frot tier ""Mhis si, I. ....;..;.. 1.:...
Vl J I'jUll 111 VI llllli ' ' "Mhlioa of th(. b.diaas ill SOII.e
-vooiiiii, rcsciMjs, he replied,
but tin-
he
needs but an intimation ol the wants of
flic tiew coiner, and all other matters are suspended to assist in supplying them. A cabin-lioiHe, such as stiflieesfor a fust home, is erected in a day a week is sullic ieot to finish it; and after a lapse of eight or ten day s, the new inhabitant begin to deaden tin? tremendous trees that surround and overshadow his domicil. In a week or two he has put in bis crop f corn, and commences preparations for ex tending his clearing. Thus ho progresses by rapid steps, and iu a little while it is re-
because they have the tenor of an indict
moot before their eyes. Men must already be far gone in guilt before they can be tit subjects for the operation of such influences. Their natural abhorrence of crime generally preserves them from its contamination. And the inference deduced from this fact is confirmed by the circumstance that the hope of reward is the mod active stimulant that ever animates
the human breast. For if hope be not stronger to impel than fear to deter, what is it that ever prompts men to the commission of crime ? Surely they do not violate the sanctity of private property tie pure percV, and without the expectation of some hene fit to he attained; nor do they imbrue their hands in a brotheis blood, under the influence of a mere spirit of mischief, or of anv inexplicable and mysterious fatality overruling their destiny. Men act from mote simple motives. They perpetrate crimes on precisely the same principle of conduct for which w e contend as the strongest. and of which many legislators make to little account the preponderance ot the hope of some good to be gained by the deed, over the fear of the evil- which may 1 it. So true it is that
J M I I ? II IIIU U V V. I 1 - this fear of punishment, which some worn have to be the grand moral arcanum fn
purifying society of all its noxious propensities, yields, in every case where we can discern the working of these propensities, to the m re potent counteracting influence ofthc hope of reward. In innumerable cases that could be imagined, where the respective influences ofthc hope of good and fear of evil are placed in conflict, the whole hidorx of human life and conduct
! evinces, that the stimulating and honorable
ibl
lor
nient. All our springs of enterprise are set in action by hope; and as it is certain that the race of man goes on constantly improving that his soul has that in it which enables it to rise superior to the afflictions and vexations which ally us to earth that under the inspiring auspices of hope, ho nerves himself to mardv achievement in
I the same degree is it certain that fear is
less powerful than hope. Hour laws had no better sanction than the punishments detailed in the statutes, the poor expedients of the scaffold or the prison-house, slippery indeed would be the foundation, and frail the fabric of civil order. Fortunately it rests on a firmer basis. The rock of ages, on which it is indestructiSly established, is the integrity and sanctity of public sentiment, the dignity of our nature, the innate and inext inguishable love of excellence of which man's breast is the sanctuary, the desire of deserving and acquiring the love and esteem of our fellows, and, above all, the certainty that virtue is its only reward in this life and the pledge of eternal happiness when we shall have ".-hufiled off this mortal coil;" these are the sources from which our laws derive their surest and strongest sane tion. The false notions which we have endeavored to expose, were, as we said, partly the offspring of that cruel system of penal law, which grew up in a barbarous age, and still endures in too many countries, a monument alike of the ignorance of the fathers and the prejudice of the sons. But there has been a reaction also.and if theso laws were originally the rude invention of a ruder people, they have since been perpetuated by misconceptions to which they gave rise. For those misconceptions have induced legislators to repose undue reliance upon a mode of internal administration, consisting only of the summary process of severe penal denunciations. Such a theory is radically inconsistent with all sound, principles of government; because it evidently tends to debase the moral sentiment of the people, to substitute in their minds a set of degrading motive in the place of more worthy ones, to counteract its own operation by leading to executions so numerous as to engender a savage and hardened national character, or so rare as to reduce the chances of punishment, and thus oc c asion the laws to be defined with impunity. More than all, and in one word, the theory is pernicious because it produces a w aste of power. We hold it to be a fundamentable axiom in political science.that no m .re
j power is to be applie d to any object than is
necessary to eueci ine aesircu enu. ioyy those laws which proceed upon the hypothesis, that holding up the fear of punishment is the great secret of governing men, those laws which are lavish iu the number or excessive in the degree of the penal inflictions denounced by them against crimes, those laws which pronounce the punishment of death in any case, -do as we contend, lie open to this unansw erable objection of a prodigal expenditure ot power. We charge all governments, w hich enact sue b laws, with violating a maxim as true in politics as in poetry: N, c Dun intersit, mm dignus vindice nodus. We say to them: You are false to your duty as lawgivers bound to consult the best interests of your constituents, since reo-ardlcss of the value ot life, you are culpably lavish of it where its destruction is not needed. You are wasting the means of government, which social union imparts to you to be husbanded with care and cautiously applied. You descend to the ultima ratio, the last desperate remedy of the law s, the final exercise of the hh'hest act of human authority, and you ought to be exerting the skill of a refined and lettered christian in preventing the crinv, instead of wreaking upon the culprit tfie mere brute force of an uncivilized savage. You, wielding all the pow er of a mighty people, have levelled it against the devoted head of A solitary citizen, as it there were no means within your reach to secure the nation against the aggressions of individuals but by urging upon them singly a war of extermination. BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, BLANKS, HORSE BILLS, CARDS, LABELS, &c. &c. Neatly executed at this office on reasonable terms, and on the shortest notice.
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