Public Leger, Volume 3, Number 117, Richmond, Wayne County, 22 July 1826 — Page 1

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"friendly to the dest pursuits of man,

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r'TrBLlSHED EVERY SATURDAY BY f1 rrVTON & WALLING.

fron! street, opposite laughan's IIoteL Tiir FRICG OF THIS PAPER

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flt,e in advance ; 1 wo uunars u pain rrsto be VnQt Two Dollar, ami Fifty CYnH, it,"ia 1 -birfoTi'the expiration of the yrur: 'notpat1 advance bein? to the mutual interest r-vU,K -Irtie, that mode h solicited. P ition t Air leMthau six montht, and iB,Ji:n ' 'continued until all arrearages are sli 1 notify a discontii-unnce at tl e eipiralilur r ..o i,n,e subscribed for, will be consider-

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FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." Copper.

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Richmond, Wayne county, Indiana, Saturday, july 22, isse.

VOLUME 111.

One Dol-

( tRM3 ok advertising. . . .. .,r !i.s. for three iiiertitii.

r'ichcontinuanee twenty-fite cent. tl laverti'uents in the same proportion.

MR. R AR1DEN S SPEECH.

V request ofMr. Rariden, we copy

l!i3 flowing sketch of a speech made

bv him, during the last session ol Me Lt -Ulaturf.on the Apportionment Bill, from the Western Emporium, for which nur if was reported. ...Mr. Rjriden remarked, that, in giving ... . t,s cn'ii. rr. which he ron-

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ivoJ to be ol vil;il impon.imuiouir V.he should forget that he represented ,v I'nrtkubr district, and would confine

sremuks to what l.e deemed the polity "instate alone; and he hoped that if method of apportioning the represcnta--n cf the state nas at variance with the Meal interest of auv gentleman in that

re,ttiat that gentleman would attribute

h::n. in his course, no other motive than

1 unyielding determination to serve tin

ite in preference to any individual. It.

not.sir.said he, the name ol any governent that makes the people composing it

re nr l.nnnv. but the manner of its admin-

4 v v J C - - - - str.ition. That government which imposes useless and unnecessary hurthens on the

ople, without producing to them corre-

orsdent benefits is despotic: whatever

ime it may assume, or whatever means it

uy employ to increase thoe public bur-,-".1 A . " . . .

ner.s. ll trie agents 01 our governmem

ncrease the expenses of administering it. vitkr.nt 1 r nrrinnntlfnt It.rrn.'Hn of its

qudities in administering to the wants ol ihc governed, those agents aim a deadly

'.d effectual blow at the fabric itself h)

vikiri; it too ponderous and galling to

he shoulders, of those w ho sustain its bur-

If, sir, this government can be a-

!! r.dmiuistered without increasing its

ju'er.ts, I ask, why increase them? Is it Virnplv, said he. to increase the time occu piM in legislation? or, to increase the t rn occupied in legislation? or.to increase the prrpiexity of our statutes? Or. are we to so i;.to the English school of politics for ,a n-asDR, which esteems public debts and iburthet.s as blessings to be appreciated as fintiJofesaii; :-t dU:cntictisof every charnc,t?r? Il so, from such reasons permit me to

ui?;cru and 511 i;rri ip in 11 w rul. vulvar.

republican doctrine that the best govern rr.c:;ls arc tho?e which are the best and

chcanlv administered.

Can it be pretended, said he, that the

ratio agreed upon Jias been established on j

pnnnpte to favor small counties? it so, il will not answer the expectation of its

irseric?. Let us take a view ot the larger at. d smaller counties, and reason from the

principle of the constitution, which pro-j

viuesthal renieserdation shall be equal ac

cording to the number of polls, and sec

aeiticr an increase or decrease ol the

rlio uijj tirect the relative weight f the

ct ui.in s in the legislative body whether lare or small. Stinrmr said he. the

ratio bo 600, and one county has 2000 Pl d-, arid two small ones have 500 each:

the forge county will be represented by 4 members-, and the small ones by one each, S-'-ing the large one double the weight of

O'Jlll. Siitmruo t?i r-i 1 1 r I w. nrr.'iarl I r

1000. the larie r.nntv will havo ' m.-m

"'r?, and the two small ones 1 between tiicm, leaving the large county with the same proportionate weight. What then -s to he said in favor of "the proposed aug "K-ntation in the legislative bod) ? can it, upon any rational ground, be argued that he peoph-'-j right are more s c tire in the hands of CO representatives and 23 senatois, than i the hands of 1G representatives and 17 Senators? or, is it to increase the intellects and patriotism of those bodies by increasing their number? If it is, for the latter the people themselves have the remedy n, their own hands, which they can n?P-y at a much cheaper rate than the

means proposed by this bill, (an increased

public expenditure of 3 or $4000 per annum;) a poor expedient, indeed to procure Ulentg and patriotism in the councils of the country. The people he observed, is the only source thro' which this desirable object can be effected; for it is immaterial whether the ratio of representation be prcat or small, it will neither augment nor diminish the patriotism or political pozcer of the representatives; they are still the same, and the people have the same inducements to didegate talents and integrity to represent them in their government, and there can be no doubt that 8 or 900 electors would be quite as likely to make a good choice as 650 or 700. Permit me, said he, to press one other consideration, which is Mrictly connected w ith all I have said, but which forbids more imperiously the polit y

upon which this hill is founded; which is,

our condition as a state: Although we hold out our affairs as being in the most flourishing condition, and thank our happystars, and sing hoz iunas to those who have heretofore ruled our destinies yet those who sustain the weight and burthen of government (the people) cannot respond to our siren song. The laborer, whose fields we are now about to pillage is groaning under the weight of his annual contributions; we are now about to answer by their increase, without adding to him one other right, or giving him an additional

: guarantee to those he already possesses, j He then observed, if government, is for

I the benefit of the people, for heaven's sake i let us not convert it into a curse and a scourge. That part ol this bill which in j creases the number of representatives will I havo this enect. j N w, said he, let us come down to pari titulars, and examine the details of this i bill, which allots the number of represen- ' tatives to each countv, and we shall find them as unequal and unjust as the princii pic upon which the ratio is predicated is

oppressive. i nc constitution provides that representation shall be equal accord ing to the population of each county: Let us see, then, if the principles of this instru ment, (no longer venerated.) are not violated by the appointment in this bill. Cast our eves to the South extr me of the state, and you see the counties of Posey and Vanderburgh represented in the house of representatives at a ratio of Cl2, and in the senate at 1223. Look then to the North extreme ard fee Wayne represented at a ratio of 7G9, and in the senate at a ratio of 2307. U this equal according ttt the polls? But said he, I will not confine my self to a few counties, I will include larger sections in equalizing the representation. Mr. R. then presented an estimate which lie had prepared, showing the whole number of polls to the South end of the state, from which it appeared, that that section of the state had. by the proposed bill, a representation in the senate at a ratio of about 1400, and in the house of representatives at a ratio of 650; and that the North end, including three" senatorial districts, was represented, in the senate at a ratio above 2000, and in the house of representatives above 700. Ho then called the Holy Evangelist, and ay that this was upon any gentleman in the house to touch equal rejtresentation. He then observed, that he did not stand for trifles, and was willing to yield any point that would produce harmony, and equalize the representation without increasing the number of representatives. Are there not, said he a majority of this house that w ill forget that the have any personal or political interest in

the details of this bill, and act for tOis state alone? He hoped so. These are the principal points touched by Mr. Raridcn, though greatly abridged; we suppose he spoke more than an hour."

the Mountain House, is the extensive tan

ning establishment of the Messrs. Edwards probably unequalled, in location and magnitude, in this country. Surrounded by immense forests of hemlock, (the material for tanning,) bordering on the Scholia rie-kill, and receiving from it abundant supplies of water for the uses of the machinery, and having facilities for the easy transportation of hides and leather up and

down the mountain, it possesses great ad

vantages, and has given a striking impetus

to the productive industry of that part of

the country. The same remark applies to

the nearly equally extens ve tanneries of

the Messrs. Palens, situated at the base of

the mountain. To these may be added

many others, all of them conducting a prof

itable business, and around which smiling settlements are springing up, giving profitable employment to a rapidly increasing

mountain population, and making, tn the aggregate, no trifling addition to the pro

ductive wealth of the state. So profitable is this branch of industry believed to be that new erections are constantly made

upon the mountain streams. Probably the

county of Greene produces more leather

than all the remaining parts of the state

The result has been an extended cultiva

Lake Tchad The great lake eo called.

in the interior of Africa, examined by Mai.

uennam and nis leuov travellers, 13 one ol

the most remarkable in the world. It is situated in 1G degrees of east longitude,

and 13 1-2 of north latitude; is about 2,CC0

miles long from east to west, by 1 50 brcud,

and occupies nearly the precise position of the swamp or morass of Vangara, in Ar-

rowsmilrrd map, iu which swamp the Jell-

ba or Li iger is supposed to terminate. U

covers a surface about as large as the two

American lakes Erie and Ontario, both

together. The Tchad receives a river called the Yeou, about 50 yards bread ia

tne dry season, which has its source aLout 400 miles distant in the south-west, and

which was well ascertained not to ho tho

Niger. Another river, six tirr.es as brrrc,

with a delta of 50 miles broad at its embouchure, flows into the lake from the south, and is called the Sbary, which may be,

but most probably is not, the river cMuded

to. What is rather a puzzling kct in

physical geography, this lake, though it has no cfHux, is fresh, and yet salir.e in

crustations are found in some parts of tho

country around, and small salt pools arc

found close to its nortf zi margin. It wa3

distinctly stated, hot.v r, j Mai. Den-

tion of the untain lands, and a conse- ham, that formerly a si.-. Jowed out of

quent advance in their value.

A case or distress. The following is copied from Bell's (London) Weekly Mes-

jsenger, of the 1 4 th May, related by Mr.

! Hunter, in the court of common council:

it on the east side, and carried it: wntera to the Bahrael Ghaznl, which was a lake

or a swamp now dried up. The dry bed

of this stream still remains tilled with trees

and covered with herbage; and the old

people still believe that the Tchad is year-

Mr. Hunter, in enforcing the object of ly diminishing. The lake Tchad has a the meeting, (the relief of the distressed number of islands on its east-r side, which

i weavers. related the following case of a are inhabited by the Bi " nhs, a race

i poor weaver in Manchester, for the truth of piratical savages, whe In fleets of a

A few years since, the more elevated of the Catskill mountains, ranging along the Hudson, iu Green county. New-York, and

extending partially into the counth s of

Schoharie and Delaware, were consiuercd as little else than bleak, sterile and unproductive tracts, scarcely habitable by man, and offering him very few temptations to litigate possession with the wolf, the pan

ther and the bear. The last six or eigni years, however, have witnessed surprising changes, not only in the face of these high grounds, but in the general opinion as to their capacities for cultivation and improvement, and the extent to which they may be made productive. In the tpwn of Hunter, on one of the loftiest of the Cats kill mountains, about 10 miles west from

of which he could vouch, as the statement

came from a respectable manufacturer of

that town:

'A very worthy poor weaver applied to his master about three weeks 6ince, begging earnestly for work, stating that he was in great want, and would thankfully do any thing for the means of supporting his existence. His master assured him he did not want any more goods, his stock being very heavy, without any sale, and that he could not give out more work to any one. The man pressed very much, and at length his master said, 4 well Jonathan, if it is absolutely necessary to weave a piece to preventyou from starving, 1 will let you have it, but cannot give you more than Is. for it, (2s. is the regular price.) for I really do not want any more goods made up for a long time to come." 4Let me have it master, I beg," said the poor man, 'whatever you pay me for it, pray let me have it." The piece was given to him to weave, and at the end of two days he brought it home; and on carrying it into

his master begged of him to give him Is. Gd. for it, saying how much he was distressed for money. His master payed him the Is. Gd. and the man went away. The master feeling very uncomfortable about the poor man, thinking that the earnestness of his manner must arise from excessivc, want, determined on following him home. He went to the cottage of the weaver, and found the wife alone in the lower room, making a little gruel over a poor fire. "Well, Mary," said the master, "where is your husband?" "Oh! sir, he has just come in from your house, and being very faint and weary, he is just gone to lie down in his bed." "I will go up and see him, Mary;" and immediately he went to the upper room, where he saw the poor man King on his bed, just in the agonies of death, with his mouth open, and his hands clasped; and after a short convulsion he expired. The master was very much distressed, and came down stairs, hoping to be able to save the wife, who was in a very emaciated condition. She had just pour-

i ed the gruel into a basin, intending to car-

ry it up to her nusuana. 1 ne musici s.uu, "come Mary, take a little yourself -first." "No, sir," said she, "not a drop will 1 taste till Jonathan has had some. Neither of us have had any thing within our lips but water for the last two days we were weaving your piece; and I thought it best to make a little gruel for us before we took any thing stronger, as it is so long since wc tasted food; but, sir, Jonathan shall have it first." The master insisted on her taking some herself before she went up to her husband, but she positively refused it. At last, finding that he could not prevail on her to touch the gruel, he was obliged to tell her that her husband was. dead. The poor woman set down the basin of gruel, sunk on the floor, & immediately expired."

hundred boats, and robe, .ar.; into slave

ry the people living near its ban!:s. Tl lake swells greatly when the periodical rains fall, and vast numbers of elephants, lions, and hyaenas, driven from their retreats on its banks by the waters, destroy the small crops of the villagers, and carry ofl the cattle or the women who are sent to watch the fields. Sometimes these animals attack the villages. JY7es. Last week Governor Cass cr.d , Col. IV Kenney took passage in the cchr. Ghent, for the Sant de Ste Marie,cn their way

to the head of Lake Superior.lt is theinteation of Governor Cass, after the arrangements with the Indians are completed, to attempt the removal of the celebrated copper rock from its bed, and transport it to the city of Washington. This extraordinary minerological curiosity lies in the Ontonagon river, about 30 miles froi it3 mouth; it weighs about 25 tons. Tho current of the river is in some places pretty rapid; but we are informed that batteaux can ascend as far as the mass cf copper. Mich. Sen. A new Preacher. An enthusiast by the name of Jason Siiepherd, from Oneida co. N. Y. has made his appearance in this city within a few days past. His Icn and graceful beard, his hair parted and flowing over his shoulders, gives an air of novelty to his appearance, which has already attracted numerous followers. WTe understand he preached on the Sabbath, and says he does not derive his license from men, but from the Spirit, that he is sent oa a special mission to Michigan, and that he is "the voice of one crying in the wilderness." We wish Jason all reasonable success in his present vocation. But when his mission is ended, we would recommend him to cut his beard, and take hold of the axe and plough, as affording a more useful and suitable employment for him. Mich. Herald

Population of Pittsburg. Tho population of the city of Pittsburgh and its suburbs, hs ascertained by a census this

I year taken by. Mr. Joseph Barclay, andin-

serted in me jueciuiy, awiuums iu iww. Of these, the city proper contains 10,515, kensington 329, Birmingham 459, Northern Liberties 71 1, Allegheny Town 702. Of the inhabitants of the" city, 2303 were born in Foreign countries. The increase of population in the city alone, since 1820 is 3257. Excess of females in the city and suburbs, 108. From recent examination it is ascertained that there are iu this city 1873 buildings, comprising 2360 tenements, and are as follows: brick, 485; stone, 10; frame, 913; churches and public buildings, all brick, 1 7 ; shcs, fastarie:; mills, &c. 438 Pitts. Gazette.

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