Public Leger, Volume 2, Number 89, Richmond, Wayne County, 24 December 1825 — Page 3

fifonfe n ,nr F.t ? mii..i r"irifc r.ti- . 1.-,.-. - . t v-

HIW (I.IKIIJ, UHU . J Wi ..W K " " 1 1 , U U 1 JJ 1 1 Q ' I 3 I 0 T IC I i 1 C i 0 1 0. 1 1 1 (J C C il: ? .!..!: .1 : II . '

ru in imc, nuuiic instnuuons jhio k-iihh;i- researches hvf .5uiiwi ; it.,, -.xm,.:.:..

ric or learning are cssuniiai. ol comuic- t&nuniicalion nrsiv ,Jr..i .vrl. c

d of this was ttic first of my predecessors ! esting to the cause of science. The ex

periments are yet in the process of perfor-

1 1 . ......... li r.-- mnmnri' i U

jii una uww nisi in niu piiv-iii"! !) t.c,

living, he was first In the hearts of his country, that, once and again, in his addresses to the Congresses, with whom he co-operated in the puhlic service, he earnestly recommended the establishment of seminaries of learnings to prepare for all the emergencies of peace and war a national university, and a military academy. With respect to the latter, had he lived to the present day, in turning his eyes to the institution at West Point, he would have enjoyed the gratification of his most earnest wishes. But, in surveying the city which has been honored with his name, lie w uld have seen the spot of earth, which be had destined and bequeathed to the use and benefit of his country, as the site of an rjinversity, still bare and barren. In assuming her station among the civilized nations of the earth, it would seem that our country had contracted the en

gagement to contribute her share of mind, oflaborandof expense, to the improvement of those parts of knowledge which lie beyond the reach of individual acquisition; and particularly to geographical and astronomical science. Looking back to the history only of the half century since the declaration of our independence, and ob8ervii!i the generous emulation with which the jovernnv.Mits of France, Great Britain, and Russia, have devoted the genius, the intelligence, the treasures of their respective nations, to the common . improvement

of the species in these branches of scie; ce, is it not incumbent upon us to inquire, j v!i -ther we arc not bound, by obligation ci a high and honorable character, to con-j tririote our portion ofencrey and exertion j to the -common stock? The voyages of!

j mance. Some of them hnv'e recently been

made on our own shores, within the walls I of one of our own fellow citizens. It would

be honorable to our country if the sequel of the same experiments should be countenanced by the patronage of our government, as they hare hitherto been by those of France and Britain. Connnected with the establishment of an

University, or separate from it, might be

undertaken the erection of an astronomical observatory, with provision for the support of an astronomer, to be in constant attendance of observation upon the phenomena of the hcavens,and fur the periodical publication of his observations. It is with no feeling of pride, as an American, that the remark may be made, that, on the

; comparatively small territorial surface of

Europe, there are existing upwards of 130 of these liht hou ses of the skies while throughout the whole American hemisphere, there is not one. If wc reflect a moment upon the discoveries, which in the last four centuries have been made in the physical constitution of the universe, by the means of these buildings, and of observers stationed in them shall we doubt of their usscfulness to every nation ? And while scarcely a year passes over our heads without bringing some new astronomical discovery to light, which we must f tin receive at second hand from Europe, are wc not cutting ourselves oft" from the means of returning liijht for light, while we have neither observatory nor observer upon our half of the globe, and the earth revolves in perpetual darkness to our unseat chin eves?

When, on the 25lh of October, 1791,

diicovrryvprcsecuted in the course of that ji the fi,st President of the United States

tune, at tke expense of those nali.-i:?, hav

not only redounded to their glory, but to the improvement of human knowledge. ; We have been partakers of that imj rovcm"jt, and owe for it a sacred debt, vot vn-j !y of gratitude, but of equal or proportion-j al vx rtion in the same cemmon cause. Of; the eot of these undertakings, if the mere! expenditures of outfit, equipment, and com- j .pletion -of the expeditions, were to be con- j eidered the only chaises, it would be un-j worth of a great aid generous nation toj take a second thought. One hundred cx-j pedit-i-nj of rirruriiitav ig -if ion, like those ol GVk and La Peroue, would not burden I the exchequer of the nation fitting them! oef, o much as the ways and means of defr imt2 a single campaign in w;ir. But, if! o t ike into the account the lives of those j benefactors of mankind, of u h u h thirs. r-; vis in the cause of their spr ies v ere the i purc'aae, how shall the cot of thee !e - r i' enterprises he estimated ? And wli .! Compensation can be made to them, or to! thir countries for them? Is it not bv bear-j

announced to Congress the result of the first enumeration of the inhabitants of the Uaion, he informed them that the returns gave the pleasing assurance that the population of the United Stales bordered upon four million?. Perhaps, of all the evidence of a prosperous and happy condition of human society, the rapidity of the increase of population is the most unequivocal. But the demonstration of our prosperity rests not alone upon this indication. Our commerce, our wealth, arid the extent of our territories, have increased in corresponding proportions; and the number of independent communities, associated in our Federal Union, his since that timr nearly doubled. The legislative representation of the States and People, in the two Houses of Congress, has grown with the growth of their constituent bodies. Trie House, which then consisted of ixty-five members now numbers upwaids of two hundred. The Senate, which consisted of twenty-ix members, ha? now forty eight. But the Executive.

u:g them in affectionate remembrance? If and still more the Judiciary Departments, it not sttll more bv imitating their cxain-j are yet, in a great measure confided to pic? By enabling countrymen of our own j their primitive organization, and are now to pursue the sanv career, and to hazard! not adequate to the urgent wants of a still their lives in the ame raue? ;j growing community. In inviting the attention of Congre TUc rmcni, xuch at an car ta h suoj-ct of Internal Improvements!! lv perio,,, force, mWc upon the neupon a view thus ei.larged, it is not my ;j f:5UjL,s of the Union, soon led to the es-

ue-ign 10 recommend mo equipment oi '

an expedition for circumnavigating the globe for purposes of scientific research.) n;d inquiry. We have ot jet ts of useful investigation nearer home, and to winch! ou: cares may be more heritfici.ilh appli-j ?d. The interior of our own territories') h;is yet been very imperfectly explored. ! Our coasts, along many degree of lati !

tude upon the shores of the Pacific ocean,

tablishmr nt of a department of the Navy. But the Departments of Foreign Affairs, and of the Interior, which, early after the formation of the Government had been united in one, continue so united at this time, to the unquestionable detriment of the public serv ice. The. multiplication of our relat ions with the nations and Governments of the old world, has kept pace with that Ot mir ftriMllIiti.1T nii! f r r- rt,.wr. ... I, 1

f MAilrrli m lion I rr.i n n I ...J i . . . . . . I " .7

within the last ten n-ars a new family of commercial nav.lj.n. have he.-., hart I) natiol in ur own 'ieniislphert., ,,; ai,en Vf",. it ?yfhf,?T-' , nmor"! ''Wtai.U of the earth, with of tnc al, lirst fully .l.scov.r.d ami : w.mi . :, ., ... ..' .

navigated by a countrunan ot our own, litical, would, of itself, furnish occupation

u.t w . iiiv ft in V Ttir I li 9 I ii.il 11 ascended its waters, and d.iims the protection of our armed national flag at its mouth. With the establishment of a mili

tary post there, or at Sfun' other point on

to an active and industrious Department.

The constitution of the Judiciary, experimental and imperfect as it wa, even in the infancy of our existing Government, is yet more inadenuaie fa ib aA

, I . Ill I 1 " ' " ..W..I.IICHHU I that coast recommended by my prrdccei-; national justice at our 8Cn, fna(rit 6or,and already matured, in the dr libera-Nino carj f;ive c,apsf.d sjnce a ccc8.

tions of the last Congress X would suggest

the expediency of connecting the equip- j mcnt of a public ship for the exploration! of the whole noth west coast of this eonti-j tient. j

The establishment ofan uniform standard of Weights &. Measures was one of the specific objects contemplated in the formation our constitution, and to fix that standard was one of the powers delegated by express terms, in that instrument, to Congress. The governments of Great Britain and France have scarcely ceased to be occupied with inquiries and speculations on

the same subject, sinre the existence of;

our constitution, arid with them it has expanded into profound, laborious, and expensive researches into the figure of the earth, and the comparative length of the pendlum vibrating seconds iu various hit-

sor in this office, now not the last, the cit

izen who, perhaps, of all others throughout the Union, contributed most to the formation and establishment of our constitution, in his valedictory address to Congress immediately proceeding his retirement from public life, urgently recommended the revision ot the Judiciary, and the establishment of an additional Executive Department. The exigencies of the public service, and its unavoidable deficiencies, as now in exercise, have added yearly cumulative weight to the consideration presented by him as persuasive to the measure; and in recommending It to your deliberations, 1 am happy to have the influence of his high authority in aid of the undoubting convictions ofiny own experience. The laws relating to the administration

ot ihn Patent Oftlcc are deserving of much

consideration, and, perhaps, susceptible of some improvement. The grant of power to regulate the action of Congress on this subject, has specified both the end to be attained, and the means by which it is to be

effected to promote the progress of

jscience and the useful arts, by securing

lor limited times to authors and inventors

jthe exclusive right to their respective writings and discov eries. If an honest pride j might be indulged in the reflection, that on the records of that office are already j found inventions, the usefulness of which

has scarcely been transcended in the annals of human ingenuity, would not its exultation be allayed by the inquiry, whether

the laws have eflectirelv insured to the inventors the reward destined to them bv the Constitution, even a limited term of exclusive right to their discoveries? On the 24th December, 1 799, it was resolved by Congress that a marble mouument should be erected by the U. States, in the capitol, at the city of Washington; that the family of General Washington should be requested to permit his body to be deposited under it; and that the monument be so designed as to commemorate

the great events of his military and political life. In reminding Congress of this j resolution, and that the monument contem

plated by it remains yet without execution, I shall indulge only the remarks, that the works in the capitol are approaching to completion; that the consent of the family, desired by the resolution, was requested and obtained; that a monument

I has been recently erected in this city, at the expense of the Nation.orer the remains

of another distinguished patriot of the Revolution, and that a spot has been reserved within the walls where you are deliberating for the benefit of this and future ages,

in which the mortal remains may be deposited of him whose spirit borers over tyou, and listens with delight to every act of Representatives of his Nation which can I tend to exalt and adorn his and their counitrr.

j The constitution under which you are lassemblcd is a charter of limited powers. After a full and solemn deliberation upon all or any of the objects, which urged by an irresistible sense of my own duty, I have i recommended to your attention, should you come to the conclusion, that, however desirable in themselves, the enactment of i laws for affecting them would transend the ! powers committed to you by the venerable instrument which wc are all bound to sup port; let no consideration induce you to (assume the exercise of powers not granted to you by the people. But, if the power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over the district of Colombia; ift! e power to lay and collect taxes, duties, j imposts, and excises, to pay the debts, and I provide for the common defence and ; general welfare of the United States; j if the power to regulate commerce ! with foreign nations and among the several ' Ci. ... . .1 . I it 1 i r

oiri.es, anu wun me inciau inoes; to nx the standard of Weights and Measures; to establish post-oflices and post-roai.'i to declare war; So raise and support armies:

j to provide and maintain a navy, to dispose

ot and make all needful rvleg and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States;

land to make all laws which shall be neccsjsary and proper for carrying these powers

into execution; If these powers, and others enumerated in the constitution, may be effectually broBght into action by laws promoting the improvement of Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures, the cultivation and encouragement of the Mechanic and of the elegant Arts, the advancement of Literature, and the progress of the Sciences, ornamental and profound, to refrain .Vom exercising them for the benefit of the people themselves, would be to hide in the earth the talent committed to our charge would be treachery to the most sacred of truths. The spirit of improvement is abroad upon the earth. It stimulate the heart and sharpens the faculties, not ot our fellsw-citizens alone, hut of the nations of Europe, anJ of their ruler. While l welling with pleasing satisfaction upon the superior excellence of our political institutions, let us not be uninimtfiil that Libertj is Power, that the nation blest with the largt-st portion of liberty, roust, in proportion to its numbers, be the most powerful nation upon eurth; and that the tenure of power by man, tt; iu the moral purposes of his Creator, upon condition that it shall bo exercised to the ends of honeficence, to improve thi condition .f himself and his fellow-men While foreign nation, less blesed with that freedom which is power, than ourselves, are advancing with gigantic strides in the career of public iinprnreinent, were we to flu -.ber in indolence, or fold up our arms and proclaim to the world that we are palsied by tho will of our constituents, would it not be to cast away the bounties of Frotiduiice, and doom onrselvca to perpetual inferiority f In the eoiirni- of the year now drawing to its close, we have beheld, under the auspice, and at the expense ofonc Statu of this Uni.in, a now Uuivsmity unfoldit g H portals to the sons of science, and holding u; tho torcli of human improvement to eyes iwte;k tin liht. We hare seen, under the persevcniifc enlightened enterprise of another State th water. tt( mir Wani Lakes minrled with those ol thn ocean, if undertakings like UW ha vo been accompli mej m compass of a few vnar?. by the authority Qf einyjlQ ocsnbtrs f cur

Confederation, can wc, theftcpTessstativd AutLCrities of the whole Union, fall behind our fellow servants in the exercise of the trnst committed to for the benefit of our common Sovereign, by the nV ' complishment of works importanf to the whole, to which neither the authority nor the resources of " any one State can be adequate? Finally, ftdlow-citiien, I shall await with cheering hope, and faithful co-operation, the result of your deliberations; assured that, without encroaching upon the powers reserred to the authorities of tho respecti-States, or to the people, you will, with a due sense of your obligations to your country, and of the high responsibilities weighing upon yourse'res, give efficacy to the means committed to you for the common good. And may He who sear-

jches the hearts of the children of men, prosper your

exertions to secure me oiessings oi peace, and promote the highest welfar of our count rs'. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. Washington, December 6, 1825.

A iff? frrtxrt-m

i u

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, '825.

Indiana Legislature. We have received tho Journal of the House of Representatives, to the 13th int. and of (heSrnate, to the 8th. Nothing had yet been done of much interest. The uMial preliminary business had principally occupied both Houses. Many petitions for divorce, for relief, respecting roads, the rivers, the laws, f,.r changing county seats, laying off new counties. See. &c. had been presented and referred to the proper committees. A great number of resolutions Lad been adopted, instructing the different committees in the subjects of enquiry . A bill has been report, d by tho committee on the unfinished bunne of last session, to lay aside the present mode of taxation, and adopt the ad valorum yfctem It seems that the

j question relative to the Governor is not yet settled.

We should like to hear of a definite adjustment of this agitated and agitating subject. In fact, ti isis necessary, or our fj-'yuui.g and interesting state"-0 may probably experience some or the bitter effects of party passions. We subjoin an extract of a letter from the absent Editor. Indianatolis, Dec. 17. Only one Act, and that a private one, ha- yet been passed. The bill providing for route Mir.-the election of Governor and Lieutenant Governor, passed the lower House, anil was sent to ti e Sen ile, where several amendments were m ide, the llou-e

; refused to concur, and a committee of confirmee

was appointed, who could not agree, and tse (all remains in statu quo. 'There was much sharp sucotihg in the Senate, last week, respecting the constitutionality of the power exercised by Kay fmce the lit of August.

j Pennington and Ewing were the principal j rak

ers. 1 he former is a plain man, of sound understanding, and political honesty, hut is not a fluent speaker: he is not governed by s-Jfi.h tuutirra. tut taking the constitution and hisoficiai oath lor his guide, he zealously pursuts those measures which he conceives the public good demur .ds. Ewing t!aid to be a classical scholar. Las rmt voluhilitv. bu it

i ; destitute of political integrity. He isar. enemy to j Blackford, and his regard for the constitution, his j official oath, the public good, all were sacrificed to ; his deire of revence- H" supported Mr. Ray in j his exercise of unconstitutional power, am! is ct j warm in his defence. He i without lntbience in the j Senate, and in debate, no member is list i.e ' to with ! so much indifference. "

. After the above was in Upe, and our paper nearly reaily for the presf, wc received anotht r . .n.nu-

! nication from the Editor at Iiidiai.apoli.4, hu' . no- . tiling h u) t t transpired ol immediate int. r. t. -nd ! as we have not room in this paper, we mu?t post

pone its publication till next week .

Co5Gress. The only news of ii'terett we hate yet received from thi body, is, that Mr. Jt i: W. TAiLOR,ot New-York, was elected Speaker oi the House ot Representatives.

President's Message. This document, we are sure, will be read by every one with the greate-; interest. In so narrow a compass, it is, perhaps tho most complete, lucid and compreht n-ive review of the situation of ear country and governmmt, that could possibly be given. The language is clear, chaste, strong and beautiful, and eminently marked with perspicuity and propriety. No dnrk, turgid and inextricable passages, but ull i clear a truth, and vivid as immagination. We have i ol room, at this time, to indulge ourselves in extended remarks; but we think that this paper must still all on position, and dissipate all jealousy. Friends aud foes, alike, must acknowledge its merits, and respect the masterly mind whence it eminatcd. We shall notice it again, hereafter.

ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE. WILL be sold, at public sale, on Tuesday, the 10th of January next, at his late dwelling, in the town of Richmond, all the personal propertj of Thomas Bundy, deceased; among which, are ss set of shoemaker's tools, a stove, and various other articles. Sale to commence at 11 o'clock. CHRISTOPHER BUNDY, Admr. December 24, 1825. C9tds ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE. " rrriHERE will be offered for ale, on the 9th of U January next, at the late dwelling house or Robert Russet, deceased, all the personal property belonging to the said est itc, consoling of house hohl furniture and farming utensils, one young mare, a quantity of hay, sheep and cattle, and many other articles too tedious to mention. Sai u to couuiiencts at II o'clock, A. M. Conditions will be made known on the day of sale, ami du attendance gif-bj-JOHN UUSSEL, Attar. Dec. 24. 1826. G9 3 TAKEN UK ' BY Thomas Wright, of White riter townsW Randolph county, Indiana, a ilAY MARE supposed to be 16 or IB years old, both ears cropped some saddle and collar marks; no other marks tr brands perceivable : appraised to ciht dollar iy Elijah Wood and JohuTJelson a tract o. fro my etray book. 40IIJ COAT?; j. p Oct. wt,iei3 - c:-ls