Public Leger, Volume 2, Number 78, Richmond, Wayne County, 1 October 1825 — Page 1

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-"FRIENDLY TO THE BEST PURSUITS OF

MAN,

FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE," CoiCpeV.

UMBER 7G.

RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1825.

VOLUME .

"-viXrD AMD PUKLISllEU EVERY SATURDAY HV EDMUND S. BUXTON, front street, opposite the Richmond Hotel.

THE PIIICF. OK THIS'lWl'KR jj One Dollar and Fifty Cent for lift) -two num- " !jers, tu be paiil in advance; Two Dollar.' if 1 ..-I'Oiiti thi vc:ir. or Twi. l)ill.-irc -iii.l fii'tv

Cfiits if" ot pant before the expiration of the j litical problem is capable of more complete

would all be received by our own citizens, except the bounty to females, it vould pro mote business, the real wealth of the nation would actually be no less, to say nothing of the immense gain of strength and wealth which the gradual exchange of slave

(or free labor would promote. And no po

voir payment in advance heine to the mutual demonstration, than thatsuch an exchange i!itcrest of both parties, that mode i solicited. : .,v..1.l .1. :. . r s I! .v. ration taken for le.s than s,x month,, and Wo rcsi ,l m a vast accession of strength, 'n) piper discontinued until all arrearages are! a"d that the United States can propose to

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ui! in1 to notify a licontinuance at the expirntl riift!ie time subscribed lor, will be considered a rnricement. ... r .. . a . j I. .. V J.l 4 l J I. L a

(Li (f i.'f rii' it' r.mtni inuxi nun me jusiafiC

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TERMS OF ADVERTISING, fifteon line, or le, for three in-ertiotis One Dolj ir ,arh continuance Tw enty -live rents, L.irt.r a 1vertisements in the same proportion. PLAN for the cradual Abolition of Slavery in the United States of America. Taking it for granted that there are now several places to which our colored popu,ttii mav emigrate, as the government of iti ha- said it will receive the whole, Iff.K'V will come, there is uoth'u g to provi iV ("or but their emigration. To encouraje their emigration, let the overnment p,i a law to give every captain 01 owner c! t ve--el ten dollars for every celoted or l!ok person, between the ages of sixteen a: 1) thi rt ear-, who shall emigrate in hi? Yi t I to nnv place out of the U" itetl State-, rr.d hall the -urn for each child between three and sixteen years, and requite eael. C i t on or owner, to pay a duty l the s-:me rah s for each one the vessel shall Iri -g into the United Slates, of any age, n; re than three ears;. And to encourage female? to emigrate, f everv female between sixteen twenty five, he entitled to five dollar-, pay abb I v tne cti-tMin house, of (lie port w hence the e--e chars, the age to be verified In tie Mitifuate of a notarv or justice of the care. I . addition, let the law entitle everv !ae holder to a stipulated sum for e ver shut- bet v eon the ages of ixteen ar t! thirtv vear-. he shall manumit and put on bwd of a vcs-el to emigrate frum the rdry. Eel another law allow a premium t tie cultivator of one cent the pound, far ill cotton, -uirar, tobacco, tlotjr and ri e, produced suleh bv white labor, within the -l ive state-, provided these pr-d tie-' ti i n art- exported from the country or to a ft r -tale. A- great numbers of slave holders are f i-p m d to emancipate their -laves and ':,' free colored people are much dispo-ed to f migrate, and a- the -um allowed ship D t-b-rr or owneis, will make it a prohta'dr I Mn- to carrv pa--enger. to t-ho -t fili -.ami wt.uld meet a greater part of t expense of tbcir psage to Africa, t lit r''dt would bean irnrtten-e yeailv etni'ti"ii. Ee-t it -hnuhi proceetl too far, tin gi.veri ment could 'irnit the sum it mI d appropriate annuallv ti this noble rk, to -uch a sum a- would ehvet the cin 1 tion of -laverv in liftv vears, leaving U t the indivirlual states to accelerate it ' -;-y rate should it be deemed advisable. An examination of the processof increase population, will show that where it in-tre;t,-at the late of our Colored popula-

t; .ii. free arid slaves, that the removal of

'.OOO iHinuallv, equal numbers of both s V1-, between the ages of sixteen and tin rt) years, will diminish a capital of two n limns jj, J($ than 10 years. The simple principle ubic h ctlect-j 1 1 1 i - result, is, that t'' removal takes away the source of incrc;oe. It is not necessary, therefore to r' -move a number equal to the annual inCee.j.e, in ordf!r tr ellect in this way the 'xutrtion of our slavery within fifty years, t the work he commenced now, and the

moval of 30,000 annually, of this class ;VhjM ellect it in fifty years. And this, it l- t be recollected, is the ( lass of which

( " lurant-s principally consist, the class best

10 endure the hardships ot cmigraIt should he required that the chil-

i:ei, i, MH , vhotild go with their parents, tn at there be no separating of f undies. b H tins would add but little expense, as li" r c hildren would mostly be under five c-ars o ac. It would al-o be the young irmrried people, or ne wly married, who U()'Sd comj)ose the gn at portion of the crTiuranls. he y early expense of executing this '1 would be less than a tenth of the year- ') '-'Xneneof the la.t war. whic h would he

ut a slight burden to the nation, and as it

itself no scheme of aggrandizement, no in

ternal improvement, which shall accelerate its growing strength and stability, equal to that which shall exchange its slav e for a free population. And I have said it might he ' etl' cted at a yearly expense of about one tenth of the yearly expense of the last war, j or at about twice the cost of that war, and not to be furnished in three years, but in fifty. j The allowance to ship owners or masters t of vessels, on 30,000. won hi be 300,000

Bounty to females between 16 and 25 years ofa- , say I -6th of 300.000, 60.000 Mlwance for children. s:i 1 to 2 75,000 Allowance of 140 to slave bidders for each slave they immuiuit and embark mi board some -hio to migrate, at the decided ae, s'ippo ing 5-6tli9 of the 30,000 to be slaves, 3,500,000

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$3,925,000 The all owance of $140 for eac h slave,

I !m nv is not what th -lave would bring I in market; but this calculation is made on jtlie belief that numerous slave; holders j would manumit their slaves readilv, c ould jthey doit without incurring any expense, j t hat others would gladly accept of a small j compensation f r their slaves, when the : can thus give them their freedom, who j would not sell them to be continued in slai very for any sum. There is no doubt that ! 1 fir greater number than that specified, i would be otlered y earlv at this rate. Let the experiment be tried one year. This plan forces no man to a measure to which j he may he opposed, it requires no man to j give up his slaves it is merely the offer J of assistance to such as feel their slaves a j burd'-n on their care or their conscience-, iat'd sorely it is an oiler of so small an amount for the whole nation.it can meet j with no objection. Should the premium ! allowed for the produce of free white labor bring the sum up to 1,500,000 dollars, lit would -till not exceed a tenth of the

vearly expense of the last war. Nothing therefore is more evident, than that the nation can deliver itself fiom the evil and di-grace of slaverv, with ease in )(ty years, even should it he necessary to incr- a-e the expense so as to allow a full price for eac h slave. But there are many way s in whic h the expense might he diminished. Tin; vessels of the nation would he employed in transporting, which would save the allowance to captains and owners of vessels. An obligation might be taken from every emigrant to repay within ten years a part of Iris purchase and the expense of his emigration. This would bring back a considerable portion of the expense. The acknowledgment of the independence of Hay ti, might he made under advantages greatly favoring the work of removing our slavery. But were the nation to pursue the course which justice requires, and its own honor demands, it would pass some coercive laws to effect this work, and wipe our own hands clean of the guilt of the further continuance of the crime of slavery. It would pass the law forbidding, under the severest penalty, the slave trade of its own country, and forever stop the disgrace now constantly held up to the world in our public prints, 'Ca-h for Negroes," uTo be sold on execution (of laws of our Republic,) a number of slaves,1' Sec. In addition, let a law be passed, that

j every slave should have a right to his lib- ! erty, by paying a certain sum, and should ! have the right of paying it at different instalments, so that if he paid a sixth to-day , he should henceforth have a right to one i working dav every week, and to another when he paid another sixth, and so on till ; he had paid live-sixth?, and then should have a right to the other sixth, from the

government on condition of emigrating. The female the same. This would only be putting the slaves on the foundation of Spanish law. The work of abolishing our slavery with the highest advantage to the nation is most feasible, if the nation will attempt it. L. D. DEWEY. Philosophy and religion show themselves in no instance so much, as in the preserving our mmda firm and steady.

AMERICAN SEAMEN The following extract from Clark's Naval History exhibits a striking instance of the shrewd daring of our early seamen, and their aptitude to convert unlucky circumstances into means of triumph. In June 1 779, an expedition of United States1 vessels was fitted out, and sailed frorn Boston. It consisted of the Providence, thirty two- guns, Commodore Whipple; the Queen of France, twenty eight guns, Capt. J. P. Rathburne: and the sloop of war Ranger, Capt. Simpson. About the middle of July, near the banks of Newfoundland, as the squadron lav in a fog, signal guns were heard; and at intervals the sound of ships1 bells striking the hours. From this they supposed themselves to be near a fleet. About eleven o'clock the fog began to clear off, when the crew of the Queen of France, to their great surprise, found themselves nearly alongside a merchant ship, and soon after they perceived themselves to be in a fleet of 150 sail, under convoy of a seventy-four, and several frigates and sloops of war. The Queen of France immediately bore down to the large ship, and hailed her. She answered that the ileet was from Jamaica, bound to London. The English ship then hailed the Arnerican, and was answered his Majesty's

jship Arethusa, frorn llalifix on a cruise.

I he American then inquired if they had seen any rebel privateers. The English replied that several had been driven out of the fleet. The American Captain, Rath-

Iburne, then requested the captain of the

English vessel to come; on board, which he did, when, to his great astonishment, he found himself a prisoner. Captain Rathburne, then sent one of his own boats and

j the English Captain's boat, both well man

ned, to the ship, of which they took quiet possession, without exciting the least alarm

j in the tleet, notwithstanding manv of the

vessels were nearly within hail of the one captured. Rathburne then wentalong-ide another large ship and caputed her in the same manner. Soon after the capture ol

; the sec ond ship. Commodore Whipple ' came alongside, and ordered Capt. Rath- ; burne to edge away out of the tleet as soon as possible, as he was persuaded they j would he discovered and overpowered. Capt. Rathburne then pointed out the two large ships he had captured, and requested j permission to remain. The Commodore j at first disapproved of this project; but j was at length prevailed upon by Captain

Rathburne to stay in the fleet all dav, and capture as many vessels as they could V the same1 cautious manner. As soon as it was dark they left the Heel, after having captured eleven vessels, without giving a larm. The squadron arrived safe at Boston with eight of their prizes three of them having been retaken by the English.

From the Mary land Journal. Government or the United States. Many of our readers may not be acquainted with the actual composition of the government at Washington, as it regards the gentlemen who fill the principal stations: John Quincy Adams President. He is a native of Massachusetts, son of the late President Adams, and the most thorough bred statesman in the country. He has been minister to Holland, Portugal, Prus sia, Russia, Great Britain, commissioner to negociate the peac e of Ghent, Secretary of State, and now President. His literary is equal to his political reputation; and he is perhap?,aman of more varied knowledge, with the exce ption of the late President Jefferson, than any individual in the union.

Henry Clay, of Kentucky . Secretary of

State an eminent lawyer, Commissioner to negociate the peace at Ghent and one of the negotiators of a Convention with Great Britain; distinguished for many years as the Speaker of the House of Rep resentafives ; an intrepid patriot, and the friend of free principles of government, and the independence of nations. Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of the Treasury; a sound lawyer; formerComptroller of the Treasury, Attorney General of the United States, Acting Secretary of State, and Minister to the Court of London, whence he has just returned to enter upon the duties of the Tieasurv Department. Mr. Rush is a son of the celebrated Dr. Rush, and has been conspicuous as a philanthrophist,contrihuting by hi:talents to the amelioration of our criminal code of law and those institutions incidental to it. James ?artWr, of Virginia, Secretary oi

War, formerly Governor of that Commonwealth, afterwards a Senator of the United States, well informed and eloquent. Samuel L. Southard of New-Jersey, Secretary of the Navy; a lawyer of eminence, and heretofore a Senator of the United States: studious, intelligent, and indefatigable, he has raised himself to the prt ser.t high post by the judicious application of superior abilities, and is greatly esteemed by every one acquainted with him. William Wirt formerly of Maryland,nor of Virginia, Attorney General; a rare instance of the force of a powerful intellect in creating for its possessor and exalte d reputation. A lawyer of most respectable standing, and a belles letter scholar of the first class. These compose the Cabinet, and direct the operations of the Government both foreign and domestic.

SAGACITY OF WOLVES. From Capt. Franklin's Narrative. "January 24th, 1824. S much snow had fallen this night, that the track we intended to follow was completely covered, and our march to day was very fatigui- g. We passed the remains of two red deer lying at the base of perpendicular cliffs, from the summits of wh'cli they had probably been forced by the wolves. These voracious animal-, which are inferior in speed to the mooe and reindeer, are said to frequentlv have recourse to the following expedient in places where exten-ive pi ains are bounded bv pre cipitous cliffs. "Whilst the deer are quietly grazing, the wolves assemble in great numbers, a. d forming a crescent, creep slowly towards the herd, so as not to alarm them much at first, but when they perceive that they have fairly hemmed in the unsuspecting creatures and cut off their retreat a rosS the plain, they move more quickly, and with hideous ye lis terrify their prev.aed urge them to ilight by the only open way, which is that towards the. precipice; appearing to know, 1 1 tat when the herd is once at full speed, it is easily driven ver the cliff, the rearmost urging on those that are before. The wolves then descend at their leisure, and least on the mangh'd carerases. One of these ferocious animals passed close to the person who was beating the track, hut did not offer any violence. Dr. Ric hardson (the medical attendant on the expedition) having the first wat h, had gone to the summit of the hill, and remained seated, contemplating the river that washed the precipice under his feet, long after dusk had hid distant objects from his view. His thoughts were, perhaps, fir distant from the surroir ding objects, when he was reused by an r ; t -1 i ct noise behind him, and on looking pmj d perceived that nine white wolves had ioured themselves in form of a crescent, ai d wen- advancing appaientlv with the retention oHJ riving him ii to the- rivvi. O ! is rising up thev halte d, and when he advanced, they made wa for his pas-age , n to the tents. He had bis gun in his hand, but forbore to fire, lest there should be E quimaux in the nighhorhood."

Richard Henry Eke, president of the American ( ongress, was a native of Virginia, and devoted eminent tnl nts to the service of his country . He had the honor of being one of the lir-t in exciting resistance to the encroachments of the British on the rights of the colonies bv the stamp act, in 17G5; and 1773. procured in the house of Burge'sses of Virginia, the appointment of a committee of correspondent a for the purp se of disseminating and obtaining information, and exciting the colo- ies to the defence of their liberties. Il i..is a member of the c ongress in 1774 and '76, and was the first who proposed to that nodv the declaration of independenc e. He was again elected n member of cohgre in 1784, and appointed its president, and on the organization of the present government in 1709. was chosen a senator, and held the appointment till 1702, when be resigned, and died two years after, in the sixty third year of his age. Mr. Lee one of the most distinguished of tho-e statesman by whom the independence of his country was accomplished. His endowments were of a superior order, and tie cultivated tbem by an intimate acquaintance with the classics, with philosophy and piditie s. He possessed a chaste and lofty eloquence, which gave him great iufluence in the councils of the nation; he tvas ardent in his patriotism, cud inflexible hi his integrity.