Public Leger, Volume 2, Number 75, Richmond, Wayne County, 3 September 1825 — Page 1

. X 'V 5 ,s : t i ' 31 s r f

"friendly to the best pursuits or MAN, FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." Covptr.

rCMBER "5. L

rTKL AND PUBLISHED EVERY ATU KDAY BY

KDMUM) S. bUXTLLN, front ftrrct, opposite the Richmond Hotel. -TnbrrRTrfTop this iaitIT , 1v O.iilar ani Fiftv Cent for fifty -two rum- "! ti be pud 'Ivanre ; Two Dollars if

i wit(ua tr.? year, or 1 w.. toitars ana I Hty

RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 185.

H J A J J. .j

tobacco, which has heen liii ir ii.:.m. I.n.)

- - - , I v C ness, cannot he extended, for it is found

; that tlie demand cannot be increased? and in Ohio and Pennsylvania, those kinds of tojbacco. which have heen most profitable to the Maryland planters begin to he exten

sively raised by the hands, of freemen and

,'' if not pai'i !'re the expiraticn .f the t; they can raise it cheaper than we do by viyxantii slaves. Man land besides, is rapidly in-..-t.eh-sth r irto'S that mode solicited. r ..... J r,';-'npti.Mi 1 ikon for lrf than month,, and ; cre"fs'B manufacturing establishments, '? r, -ier iliioontiiiued until all amaracts are ;nd nothing but these supported by com

LJ "I

- !re tr nMifv a discontinuance at tlieexrira- . in of t ti'i: subscribed lor, w ill be considered

r fli 'I'J'MllflM.

in

V I --tt'' rs t thr EJHor mint haie tc postage

uJ f nrt h( atUni(ii l0TF.RM- OF ADVERTISING. r -..f !:n :. c ur three iiuerlior One Pol- " i ii c.vitin'iiuicp Twfntv-fite crn(. ! - r lvtTtis 'ineiits in the same proportion. rnvn Nile WrekW Rrifrr. -LIVE THE CONSTITUTION." concluded. T.iapplv these things to the condition '; c st'ile iut. named. Missouri will ' pH he the first of them to enact laws

f rr e eiliiifticn of slavery, notwithstnnd;.rjre a$o areata desire to introTie admission of sl.ives has?u;?v . hffkJ the immigration of free lakr' ii wr.ites. and no doubt, kept away ; of tl CUviltds of thtC cl.iSrCS of SOC'Ci . ..I. : .. 1 1 i

;i iH are noi oun pet i.tiiy .lutama-

l-to nrw states, hut indt'pensahle to

-r rn'p - ritv ol i.verv so( iet v. A nn

merer, will prevent a decrease of her pop

ui.iuon. ine laci is, mat the small m crease we have had, may he said to be wholly confined to those districts in which there were, and are, very few slaves. For instance, Baltimore, Frederick and Washington counties had 109.300 inhabitants in 1790. of whom, 15,593 were slaves, Charles, St. Mary's and Prince George's

had in the same year, 54,0jG, of whom, 20,

part of the land lilted for its cultivation has not been brought into use for it! Besides, there is Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Buenos Ay res, Chili and Peru, in all which it may be produced,- and to any extent. These countries are just liberated, and the people w-ill,comT7ucnj, become industrious. In addition, there is, renovated Euypt, and soon to be added, emancipated Greece. From the first, not one bale was exported 4 or 5 years ago but last year it furnished 50.000 bales for the European market, and this year, it is supposed, that

190,000 or 100,000 will be exported! But

Greece, and her beautiful islands, is able nearly to supply the consumption, if not the manufacture, of Europe that is, she has lands and labor enough for it, and nothing hut "liberty and safety'7 is wanting for that purpose: for, from one little spot.

; the valley of Seres, in Macedonia, nearly

olmj oi which decrease one Hal! was in the slave. It is thus also in Virginia j The slave population either chec ks or , drives out the free white as is shewn by la comparison of the dilTfrent censuses. Unless for the increase in the counties that j have not many flaves, both Man land and I Virginia wiulJ have mide-hut little ad-

le to jj vance in white population for the last thir-iti'-n ' ty ) ears. This is capable of demonstra-

It

is not

2 .. .

will . -j:n:n :ud respect tor they

b .e free soul and strong arms! The of popu! itioa to Miouri was imme-;.;:-h stopp'-don the admission of slaves; ar. i it now Lalts in O.iio, Michigan, Indiana

or I;!;:.oi;, ext ent th.it small part which,

c..c::v irom the southern Atlantic state.

ii to A! ibanvi 1 Florida but these are nut tu k'hivt s" to sannlv irdiahi-

for nw I tnii and that part of the p?ple hIio leave them are those

i.t

t t'iPv ra; tiie v.-orst pare, Missouri

:r.:n r.inz -tite it a ho ahiumds in

r., rr.i!-; it hecome a manufacturing j v d rt tt f irort-; are making to open r.u txttrai a valuable commerce, between

'.! :t. e interior provice of Mexico. If r succeed and become profiiaf J "X'i hope that each of them may), :..eitV:deco;,?fe4uence v il! he an influx filahon from the "free states;' and ' present rn-'j iritv of the people are it. Nvor )i the slave system, as a- ' il t!.. ir warits or pr.-, motive of their r' ;t, fa natter verv much to be doubt-; will suun be ?vt r ruled bvthe new i L'r.uts. viio;- priiciples, or rejudire epp .;rd to it, re:d w ho are dirous ,(i r S( -rviug the dignity of labor, by !ij".'ht, of slaves. Ve-rv few slaves : x i: trlut ed into Missouri th'ir vp -H U tithe south,, for the cultivation of '.,,, Mjar, because that they canno' to competition with the free labor1 r tr.e rro.uction of grain, as mechan-

'''.ar tifa tur'r.or lo ett'A'w in rnminrr-

i t . - r - - r - - - - - - -

:tk hke Missouri, hut will chiefly hc-

; mHnutartunng state. 1 housands ,v" are exported annually from Ma- ' i sicir numbers has increased on0irce 1790. The cultivation f

' 'ruth; but 1 c!.i not with to 1vm11

,,LttLau to the firt. uavrs.

- 'hi, .i

iG...: -.i,

ni;i.

T'.

- r;r

In !7f0. Ir. ?.! H).0: W7,7i 7 2f..c27 .T4 If;i72 t:jJ,l ;n7,&7t l'7,0 I4';,l'l

In ,20 I07,3r'8 42a,lf:i SO;,,; 7

7370

2.51. 7 IJ3 4I,K79

543.2W

are what rt.v r-.tllinl tn-

Vr? F I lit, i,. th ii.a.. !rI-rlv in Ni.rtb-

I'HUi'itlt-S of ( i.t'nn h ' n.r r;ii.

t . ' ril, 1,1 VirJi.i.-i. 'l,t.iecw , -l;inrf . . ,or S'K'T i.tmtintr: tbc nidb of thr r,t j'r.n ,,;fo ln f-arf.,!!v cr, -it. Tb. I." 'iV,pf,'Vvi.tbnr tbe d ive no:-

-il in io, they , ui tbrui o !;'-t ii ! oniv litii,, ...... i

oniv -i !itt!e more tb;oi wnesixtb

ouin t:rU. t mon- Hn on tbir.1

'ii W. fi 'i n . iii..

'''".ntom' m:,nr d.-ivr? in Kentuclcv an.l .. 125,000. a nd ,t. I It (V '(!.: (KNb

C '.bnt' - S W'"'.' r'!);,blv, hrw r.o increase in - " "tf tl .ir ";Ml!p!"blt' in rcrue in Tennessee, c ' ' . r'!,tlli of cotton in tbel ittn.

ro'5 tat.Q, vail exhibit a tre-

148 were slaves the hrt three counties . 100.000 bales wpi-p nnnuallv exnorted

! . ' '"J 1 ; shewed an iticreast of 50.500, by the ".. ;fome years since, even utider Turkish ex(sus of 1820, of which increase only 4,000 j tinctions ofiudustry! It is useless to purwas of slaves whereas the last three coun- I sue this subject the manufacture of cot-

ties exhibited an actual decrease of 4,-Ii ton must now have received nearly its ul- ...... ... .h. .

, timate perfection from scientific power. : It is spun, warped, woven, printed and '(arnped by machinery; there is no great .desideratum about it all is so nearly accomplished, that improvement cannot go

much turther: it is thus, by their cheapness that cotton goods have been forced into consumption, and that every nook and corner of the world has been examined to get

a market for them. The demand cannot i be greatly increased, hut the supply may i be increased several thousand fold! The ; fict already is, that a large crop in the U. States may produce less money than a J small one, because of a glut in the European market As it has heen, so it will he. j Let tlioe interested look to it. From j M hile, Nashville, fcc. we hear that the I crops in Alabama, Tennessee, fcc. will be ! greatly increasedin the latter it is sup-po-ied that it will be doubled. And, strange as the declaration may appear to those who

nave not neen accusiomeu io regaru me j elfects of scarcity arid supply, it is easy to j believe, that, it 'one-third of the growing ' rop in the United Slate hall he destroyed by the rot, that the other two thirds may j 'roiluce a murh larger sum of money than

l ie w hole crop, if preserved, w ill sell for. And further, there is a greatly increased eultivation in North Carolina, and uVirginia cotton" will appear in future Liverpool prices current. Manv planters in the south have long been perfectly convinced of the truth of what is stated in the preceding remarks. He who Unoweth the heart, well knows that I feel nothing like pleasure in saing, that the south has had its day of prosperity that it cannot grow and increase in population and wealth as it hath done, by the growt'i and increase of cotton planting and production. South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Lousiana, Mississippi, and a part of Tennessee, whose population is very small, compared with that of the rcit of the states, have, for many years, furnished a greater value for export than the whole of the other members of the republic supplied, including the products of the forest, of the sea, of agriculture, and of manufactures and tbe mechanic arts! But what of all this? Is even the wealth of the nation located in the south? We know that the strength is not. Both arc in the industrious

east, or thrifty middle and west, notwithstanding the grand monopoly which soil and climate gave to the south. It will be so it must be so, because of the elastic industry and adventurous spirit that naturally prevails in a free and unincumbered people. For the proof the valuation of the lands and houses of New-York and Pennsylvania in 1815, under the United States' assessments, (the principle of which was the same in all the states), was more than six hundred millions of dollars, whereas the aggregate valuation of the land and

house., and tiat of more than a mi I Ion of

slaves added thereto in the states of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky and Tennessee, was less than live hundred and twenty millions, or nearly one ixth lesst And, if the personal pro-

nit, masters, law rrs,doetois or'i tion from official documents. tl

pr would he a vrr contemptible one; necessary to dwell o i these facts aad su Linaiioa of ploughmen, mechanics and Ingestion. The operation of them will he

as steady to bring about a decreased interest in slaves, in the states above named, as the progress of the waters of the Mississippi to the sea is certain. Gov. Troup has noticed the effect as to Man land, i his- mesage of the 7th of June, see page 371 but Missouri, and, prda!)lv, K'-utut -ky, will precede Man land, in the way th.it so scnsiblv moves him. mi Again w hen we regard the progress of population in Ihe south, (deficient as it i. c -.m pa red with the more igorous gnwt! O the north and north-west), we i?oit pa especial attention to the invaluable advantages which it ha dei ived from the cnltiva tion of cotton, w hir h has heo-me the great staple exp rt artit le of the Uaited Slates, within a erv few ears rising from noth ing, in 1790, to almost two bund real mil

lions of pound-, which it w ill probabh j reacli in the present year! It is as plain a Ithat the sun shines at noon dav, tiiat t ie i -uccess which has attended the planting of this valuable eomm ulitv, has mainly contributed to the increase of population and 1 wealth in the south, not only as to slave, but by inducing thous mds of persons, from the eat, to locate themselves there, who j would not otherwise have thought of such

a migration. This fact admitted, and it must be. admitted the question occurs la it possible that the cultivation and prodw t of cot-

! ton can be. Kept up an I inckkaskd with the ru-

I tio that it has maintained fr the last tucn- j

! ty years? it is not possible. No one can ; believe that it is. The (ruth is, that more

cotton than the demand required icas already produced, and the business of raising it had become a bad one, before the occurrence of certain late events in South America opened a new market, which is already glutted with a year or two's supply; and cotton will fall hack to what was its lowest price a short time ago. There is no nnc world to take the surplus quantity ; and )et, even in the United States, a Jive hundredth

It h worthy of remark, that tbe whole export of tob;icco has been r:itbi r ileen-Heil than incrt-i'l in tbe lat thirty yertrs m tbe commercial table, page 329. fn thevi ars 1701 and 172, wei xporte.l 213,700bbf!s. ami, in 15123 Jin.l I&24, I7G,82 inl, jet, ihe Uo lait vear'bew a greater exp.at than anj other two ?iicceetiriir year-, fur twenty jeura pas-t,

by many thousand bbo.

j tFrco whitc in Maryland

Virginia

1790. g0!l,GW 412,117 Ci0,7Gt

lo20. gG0,02 f.02,f74 1V2,0G (0.760

!ncrnia3f)yean '21 2230 Or nt the rate of a little iute than thirty per cent, in ft.irty year, wherea in the Unit l State, tjen. tally, (incheling these state ., the m reae ba been more than one hundred and fifty per nu for the same time. Maryland and Vireini a, in I7,J0, bail one fifth of the whole free population of there. uh!i; but in Ib20. they ha I oniv one ninth. Virginia hews an increase of 160.000 free whites in iX year?, h-it even den'v populated Massachusetts had an increase of 150,000 in the same time, notwithstanding the vast mi-ration that have been made Irom the last named tnte, vbtee territory i small, foil poor and climate st verc! But the stock for iucreae was otilr 373,OOt), ?here:i that of Vrri!iia was 442. 000 o MassachMsetts has increased uuutli uorc raj i'lly than Virginia.

One hundred and forty fcur million of pound, exported in 1822, were valued at 24 millions of dollarsbut 173 million of pound, in 1823, were worth only 20 million of dollars; the larger quantity yielding one sixth less than the smaller! tThe area of the two states named, compared with the United areas of the seven other, i very small ; and their aggregate population, in 1810, was 1,770,000, whereas that of the seven state was 3,'240.000. Wh it a difference! In 1791, the lands & improvements of Pennsylvarn were valued at ICi miHiou J but tUtao of Vir-

ert) say in all nitidi s raised, pia-dmed or obtained, for consumption, 'sale and bar' . ter the utensils and tds, of the farmers and mechanics and their stocks on hand, the machinery of the manufacturers the ships and other vessels belonging to, rind the goods in the hands of, the merchants and dealers the .amount of money that the whole have invested in puidic securities or stocks or on hand their household furniture and other convenience:, of the people of the "free states,' were compared with the like species of property belonging those of the south, the value of the one would, no doubt, eight or ten tinn s exceed that of the other! The reasons lor this are as numerous as they are manifest, a: d I shall mention only one of them. The "live states"' about. d with small proprietors of land which they cultivate and improve with their own hands, ami w ith other persons, who constitute the middle classes, the bone and sinew of every country, and the southern states do not. Besides, ntarlv all the seamen of the United States, nearl all the manufacturers arid a mighh mij'rity of the mechanics, are located in them and it is these wno more than any others, (fish crmen excepted), increase the value of commodities, for tiieir own protit in business or comfort in life. I have thus, I must believe, conclusively shewn, that the people of thefree states," unless a silly people indeed, cannot have any political jealousies or fears of the people of the south. Tnere is no possible rca son why they should entertain either. Thev already have more than a double amount of disposable phvsif al power, they have many times the w ealth of the other in lands or improvements or transferable hinds and a sufficient majority in congress to carry any measures which tticy shall s e proper to urate upon, w ith the same unanimity which those of the south would shew on the slave question,1' were it agitated; and, surely, if the "firm union of the south' is a praise-worthy sentiment in regard to that question, or nv other, the union of the free states must be equally so. Hut neither ought to le approved or tolerted, though the first seems likely to become fashionable. If it should, the weaker interest 'must go to the wall," for combination on one side will beget union on the other and thus it did, in the late presidential election, so as to defeat the combined forces in caucus, and put that sort of juggling, or smuggling to death. And further, as to any questions of real or supposed interest, that can come up between the free states" and the 4kslaves states,' save and except those about slavery (which no one expects will he meddled w ith, as at present it stands), Mar) land, Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri, jjraingrowing; states, are with the free states" say in respect to interna! improvements and the encouragement and support of domestic manufactures, or protection of commerce; to which last the south rear nearly as much opposed s it now is U the two other interests just named. Ai d even if it pleases the one that taxation and representation shall go together, as the con-iim-tion designed that they should, and as reason and justice say that they ought, there isou-cr enough already, (or at least, very soon will be), to carry the principle into operation. How, then, can the people of the "free states be jealous of the -slave states?' What have they to pain? They now possess all that they can desire. It is shameful that it should hnve been intimated, (and without the solitary appearance of a fact to support it,) that they are jealous of, or disposed to act against the "slave states," on account of their slaves But, on

ia, and all her slave, at only 71. And in 1815, little Connecticut was put down at 83 millions, while) the larpe tate of South Carolina, with her slav st was valued at no more than 74 millions, Hy thu state assessment of 1824, the dwelling houses u ud lands of Connecticut were valued ut follow 29,778 dwelling houses 220,'267,U83 2,600,789 acre of land, averaged at $1U.C4, 51,273,308 $71,495,601 Oherethe whole land in the state isavera?rd at nineteen dollars per acre! The great original object of the people was to de feat the caucus and they accomplished that, tho they were much divided, towards the chee of the campaign, as to the person whom they preferred for the presidency. The objection wa les to Mr. Crawford than to the manner in which he had b. erj brought forward. Without any strong personal opposition to him, we could not see any political pre feronce which he had over the rest of the candidates, to justify or excue th proceedings of o small a minority of the members of congress, admittine it to be right that there has been, and may be, times in which a caucus ought to be held. eitktT of w kit! to 1 disoesal to UnV

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