Public Leger, Volume 2, Number 73, Richmond, Wayne County, 20 August 1825 — Page 2

LETTERS ON HAYTI.

The Rev. Loring D. Dewy, who has visited Hayti with a view of facilitating the emigration of free c olored people from the United States to that bland, has furnished for the N. Y. Observer, several letters on "the country, its government, its institutions, the state of society, and the condition of the emigrants,1 from which the following are rxtiarts: The Country. ThU island is mountainous to a great extent, yet has many extensive plains, beautiful vallirs, and one desert in the interior. Its climate is deli, htful and salubrious, being made so by its n, iOtrM. and the trade v:-d. Its wale. iM-ihnt an,! u : J'; and its soil fniitfn. "'b- ii.ne wealth it p;ur(V inti; -'v;is.- - a state f co lon". ucm -i? ' ' - "ingdcm, tes-iiiie-s mot fully to the richness of its soil, and the abundance of its productions. These are so well known, that 1 need not enlarge. Suffice it to say, that the means of subsidence and of the acquisition of wealth, are offered the emigrants under the greatest advantages, and enterprise like that which is displayed in our weftern states, would meet with double reward, and be subject to far fewer obstacles and difficulties in the attainment of its object. Government. The Legislative power is Tested in a President, Senate, and Chamber of Deputies. Tiie President is elected for life by the Senate, and takes the oath to support the constitution, annually. The Senate consists of '24 members, who are chosen once in nine years by the Chamber of Deputies. The Chamber of Deputies is composed of three members rom Port au Prince, two from the nrincial titv of eat h department ai d one from eh countv: the) are elected once inhve irs by the peoj le. All males of twentyvears & upwards are allowed to vote. Judiciary is independent, and the es are appointed diu ir u good behaTlie powers of the different dcpaitof the government, and the lights of ople, are dt fined by the cor.-titu-Thc Napoluan Code, adapted to the taifccs of the coui.tiv , is the law of g never been assisted in gaining .dependence, or acknowledged or nanced h an nation, the lla)tien relied for security only on their aims; as the) are not )ct acknowledged by t ee or any other goeti ment. upon n' ir arms the still rely. This jiives a military character to their govenment, yet it is not, as has been ns-erted,a military government, but a government founded on mod em prim iple oi checks and balances, and in pursuing an enlightened policy. Sif.cc the ut ion of the w hole island, ui (!er the present administration, an obviou- improvement is remarked by visitois to the island, and at the pi cent mon c i t,ai d for two ve-ars past, pcrieet harmony has prevailed. Tt.r Piesidn t is vy popular &. much beloved, and the g vernment every whore is assuming the appearance of stability and permanency. Iitunut. The government is supported by duties on impoitsand exports, by licences, ;u d ti,t. surplus of the church revenue, after deductii g wi.at is expended in the support of the ihuich aid clergy. The church revenue i? raised by a tax on burials, masses, ai d marriages, whieh of conSeijuence falls ( pi) on the catholics, as protectants an at liberty to bury, pray and marry after their own forms, which subject them to no tax. Hence the establishment is not supported by dissenters. LiltTur and Humane Institution?. The. literary institutions, e x pt the Lancastrian school-, are on the French plan. The hospitals are also Fn n h. Lancaslcriun Schools and very good hospitals, arc supported in all the principal towns, at the expense of the govenment. A Lyceum for liberal education is well suipirtd at Port-au-Prince. In all the public seminaries education is w ithout e xpensc. x ept for board and books, and in the LancaMcriaii schools e ven books are furnished. Ctmmon s( bonis, and schools (or the polite aci omplishn ents, re fcund in very god i 'timbers in the citie s, but are very scarce in the country. The great mass of the people in the. country are unable to read, and the efforts of the goernnf it to Support schools are often so little appreciate d. that in s n.e instances, schools have been relii (juish( d f r w; i t ol scholars. Those v ho know I w diff tilt it is to influence illiterate parents to send their children to. Sf hod, w ill not he surprised at this fact, when tl cy recollec t that ti e ilaytiers over 30 year ot age, almost without exception, were born in slaveiy, and ot o urse were never taught to read in early life. There are three printing establishments on the island; two at Port-au Prince, and one at St. Domingo. From the presses at Port-au Piiice two we ekly paper? and cue monthly work are regularly issued, and

one w eekly paper is published at St. Domingo. The prices of these publications are high. The Sabbath. -The Sabbath, according to protestant notions, is not known in the Island. The public offices are shut, and the wholesale stores generally, but the dayis devoted to marketing in the morning, and to amusements in the afternoon and evening. Immense numbers of people from the surrounding country tlock into the large towns on Saturday and Sunday, and from noon of one day to the noon of the next, bustle & trade till the market lacc. The drum, at six o'clock on Sabbath morning, summons the soldiers to the review, which lasts till nine o'clock. The militia are called out once in three months, at the same time and for the same purpose. The churches are open for mass and preaching on the holidays. This perversion of the Sabbath takes away from the people that instruction it w as designed to furnish them, fosters their vicious propensities. leaves them to grovel in ignorance and superstit tion, and the evil effects are great and ob

vious. v late of Society. French manners

customs, atleote d by the horn

ceremonies, prevail throughout

Native Africans brought to Hayti in early

life, show y ou all the gesture, ease, pe litcness, action and variableness of the French character, and this character extends more or less to all classes. t In the lower c lasses it is modified bv the effects of slavery that still remain, and much that was brought with their fathers aud mothers from Africa. Many Africa: customs and superstitions are found mingled with those of the Roman Catholic religion. Paganism, which giv es gods to hills and streams, has its prolific progeny in Hayti, and to the imagination ot many a native, this god in the shape ol somesialy monster or claw ed dragon is seen occupying some hidden cave or hole of the earth, ready at all times to protect his hill or stream troin sacriliizious depredations. Sorcerers and witches, with charms and incantations, in all the shape s kneiwn in Aliica.hold their swa,ar d scatter their te rrors over thousanels who have1 inherite d the ignorance of the ir fathers. Tie higher clashes, espreiallx men, are mostly infidels of the Fie i eh school. Many of them were educate el in France , ai d many y outh of both s xes are still sent to France for education. Some are highly distil guished for talent and e ultivation. Parisian sty le, eleuance, ard re tii rnen.t adorn many of their mansions, a:. el spre ad splenelor eve r their public amusements. The lemale holds about the same- plat e of degradation as in Franee, aid the- ii U u ure of the sexes is on about the- same footing. Marriage, however, ibecoming more- ft e eue nt, and obv ious im provement in the- state of society, in this respect, is taking place.

dent debtors, I am not the less zealous that those who are fraudulent should take up their residence in our penetentianes, with kindred counterfeiters and thiev es. Mies.

were obliged to subsist on wju u mustangs. A largo portion of t,p 1 Q were in indigent circumstances 'h prospect of all by i,0 means fivonM V'ae

lARAMIMAN SIIkKP. One of tl : brateel breed of slipm ;

farm, at Woodbridge, Xv,T

was taken trom on board a Turkish bound to Cor.stantinopie,ari.lnr( '' r?!1'

From a Philadelphia PP?r. Electioneering. Mr. John Pett, jr. of Schuylkill co. has announced himself as a candidate for sheritr in the latter part Mn; nilwi.rfUm'nt he savs "In making

till

that

rneinds

house with a view to corrupt your mora,s ,ihs Uece grows so long as to 1 i,l,. i ;?'

bv what may be termed a liberal course ol ; it 2l pmJiKl5,ar.d it wv t! ' debauchery and an illiberal course ot bri- ii would have yielded 4 or 5 pou'd U?ht cry shaking those hands I never shook ;)ut for the; occasional clipping' ( f before and which I do not intend again to, iafj bc.ii made to gratify the Wiovir oi.-.n.. aftor tlw. r.li.rtinn bv handing round i 1'itrf.rf.nt nrcr,c n;. c ) oi

V I II II ill) I I I I A I .

snun oox v " """i nroau, ana tne color ot ik u-

lis application, I wish it to be understood, tlc Grt!ek a(jmira t) capt;Gr;tf';1''y jat it is not mv intention to take the w,0m he passed ito the y' unds of the county to go from house to ; Stockwell. He is above the com " Ir' nuse with a view to corrupt your morals jis 4.oce 2rows . , f;":?.?,

a capacious

rame is jr00

?0(j a d;!r-

scented snult, earn ing witli me a pair oi , brown. The breed will be cnrouri ? saddlebags stutfe'd with chewing tobacco , for jt js valuable. 7.

cut to convenient lengths to distribute in all directions treating to whiske y on all occasions swearing white is black and black white, making promises I never in

tend to perform: and by some fabricated ' ft 1 A A.

Improved Brick Kiln. Mr.L. P, TU well, ot V ashtngton city, has invented srv.

erai new anu vannnie improvements ht

cejosn m nun i'i u i u k kijiis, anu in the rilh

nanners and ! story to excite your sympathy and extort ( efto dillkMliu dilatory and expensive or !' an Catholic ! promises ol votes and tavor which you ,; jtion q( ,mrf!ili b). which he c;,C it the island. ! would he base enough to fulltil. 1 leave j wlof. rontol!(s nj a kii mav whi s ' . ,: l.. ; tui rmirsf to other candidate's. It you , . c. :ii . 1 l)

CrUMF.S AND ITMSHMFNTS. Tl'C h'lWS. in genei .1. aie wie'te he dly de tective- in the apportionment ef punishine-nt te the enormity ot ciime; and it weulel almost stem a- it they had been made with a view to the- rt?j.f( lability of e liminals or the dignity of i tie ne e s. e- see that, in Philadf Iphia, a certain John X? anson, who. in about 7 months, contracted debts to the am tint ol .S35,'l38, and then petitior ed for the beiiefit of the i solvent laws, has beer, fi und guilty ef 'fraudulent Insvlxcm y and, fn ni what is stated, no doubt justly. But mark the tenderness of the court by the laws of the state, suc h offenders may be punished by imprisonment only, or imprisonment and hard labor; but it being certified by a re spectable physician' that the state of the prisemer's health would not permit him to labor, he was grave ly sentenced to be imprisoned for the term ot one year during w hich he will live on the very fat of the land; arid it would seem that he can very well atford it. lv the proceedings had, we arc bound to believe that the person was guilty of the ofle.ncc with which he was charged, and that he defrauded persons eiut of tens of thousands of dollars: now what sort of justice is there in simply confining this man for twelve months, nlh wit g him to live on .the. best that -the market will furnish, and the sending of a poor e mature to the penitentiary fer seven er ten ye ars, te hard labor, solitary confine me i t ai d bread and water, who may have stolen seme' article of the value of .00 or 100 dollars? Ought not the amount of the damage sustained by society to grade the punishment and should net the cool, deliberately calculating fraudulent debtor, rather sut fer, than the simple thief, who, perhaps impelled by want, oi giving himself up to a momentary indiscretion, appreipriale s to hisownuse the property of others? There is as much ditleience, in my opinion, between the cflei ccs, as there' can be between murder by poison, and n ai slaughter in an aft ray : & while it is my nest earnest wish that the laws may be am liorated as to unfortunate, and ctcd to ixniu-

this course to other candidate's, it you , .

think me worthy your support and coniidence elect me."

mini, ui mi inuii; . wjui aijout ma

third less fuel than is generally niade u ; of, and in half the usual time. Perso: 3 I wishing to avail thenisehes of the-so inij provements, may obtain further ir ition by application to Mr. John Yv-r

LV'4;

I Acids. In summer, at which acason the blood is very much deposed to jnitrescen1 cv. it is advisable to increase the propor-

jtionot vegetable tood.anu to make use o wfQ j. ;iu(holiz ( sn ri-hts toM.riar, acids, such as v inegar, lemons, oranges, and , il(C,il)C(1 to )jrt. -Hartford M f0,,, the like, provided that the-v do not disagree j " r

; with the st mac h and bowe l-, w hich is the case in those constitutions whe re too much acid is generated in the stomach. This may frequently be known by feeling the sensation of hunger in a painful elegree. , In such constitutions cold provisions as well 'as cold drink, are often preferable to hot.

;NEV AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK. j As Mr. Kcteh's New" Spelling Cook, rii'iij 'ed to j Walke r's rinciplcs of Knglh rti o.r;i! (,v a i ! prtiiiuriciiitjt'i), ii e tte viuvd u; cnor to aiiy nhtr n I ttit- Western eouiitry, or n rhars mi the L" st, ; an exe-llent set of ?trrectpc plates Ins It tn pr e;. ' rei for th- printing of it, at.'! it.- tuturr ct'ittoi.s uii; tlhfrcfure Ix- uniform and ( urn ct. j Aiuoti the reron:iie-inlations already civfn to j thh work, the following may Le iii&ati.t l l.j j belurc ttie puMic.

I Trom ti e K v. Horace Holloa , L. L. D Fre?i:r,

! of Tratisl vania University. (Directed to !V

! nuttior.)

Dear ru, 1 have examined your k sw v .?n

Effects of temifhance. Under this head the- Bostttii Mdie al liiteHsceiK t r ?a : 4VV find, from the re gisters of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, that as a conse(juence of their temperance, one halt of

those that are born live to the age of -17 j can Se llinc Book," and llnd it worthy rfa a-r,,!

years, whereas Dr. Price tells us that of the general population of Londeuu hall that are born live only 2 3 1 veais! Among

the Ounkrrs. 1 in 10 arrive s at CO yenrs of h

age; of the general population of London, j : From the Rev Flijah Slack, A , V, - . 11 .r.l ' CjTK'innati College, and Iroin the Kc.J.,uiL

e, ly I in iu. ixe vci enu a more uvtiiui argument support the practice of temper-

rc omnnndalion to me yuuu. 101 ua- u-i- i, ::m

I it s :im rhool3. I lioi euu will n. eel wit!) -ticca

! in it' di-tribtition , and that the- f ivorulle Vm 1 which it deserves will ben n e L'fDi'nl.

IIURACU HOLLEY.

ance and virtue.1

C'rimf.s. We hav e heard much of the immoralit) of manufactures. The county of Providence. R. I. is the greatest manufacluriug district in the1 United States, and is also very populous; but, on the ICth July, not one person, charged with the commission of a crime-, was confined in the jail of that countv. Mies.

Chf.sai'F.akk am) Ohio Canal. The U. States' Engineers, under the command of Capt. M'Nkill, have finished their surveys ! on the Casselman's river and Wills creek j route, and have proceeded to Pittsburg, j to examine the route from that place to the lake s. From the conversation of the Engineers, on completing their examinations on the Wills creek route, it would appear that it is practicable, 39 1-2 miles j shorter, and 405 fret lower than the Deep ! creek route, and by lengthening the tun- ! ne-1, thereby lowering the summit of the

j c anal, an abundant supply of water can be

obtained; consequently, on an impartial view of the matter, no other can compete with the Car-sclmaivs &, Wills creek route. The Deep creek route would require 100 more locks each lock, it is said, would cost in its construction 1C.O0O dollars; thus, in lockage alone, the ditrerence would be 1,000,000 dollars; besides, the loss of time in pasi: g them, and the constant employ of hands for their management. On the Derep creek route, there will be 30 1-2 miles more canal to make, estimating each mile at C000 dollait, the amount will be 316,000 dollars; this sum adeled to the KC00.000 tjoliars for additional lockage, will amount to the enormous sum of 1,010,000 dollars. Somerset Whig.

Tf.xas. The Arkansas Gazette ol June 2Cth, says, 4A gentleman who returne d a few day's previe us, from the southern counties of the territory, infotins us, that very late aelvices had just be c.i received there from Mr. Austin's settlement, on the Colorade, in the prenince of Texas, stating, that a gre at and unusual rise of that river had t;. ken piece, this tprii g, which h.'.d ove rllowed and destroyed nearly all theeeirn and othe-r creps of the settlers. Ibis distre ssing calamity happened so late in the season, as to pre vent the flexibility of re-planting, and great suflciing was anticipated by the se ttle is ii consequence ol the loss e l their ci s. C; me was excecdii fcly scarce, and n ai.y cl the inhabitants

Wihon. I). V. (t.. the author.) DiAR Slit, A;i rovinc the 1 niiciph ni,! a; : ciaUTTthf merits of ouf "New An.e nrau S: Hhr; ool:, ue chee-rfullj reooninM i d it to tl.e irit -i.'1' ie-jruinc: anl we entertain a l;oj f that it vi.l ;revent much erroneous tenthin, ;uiU;ive nr.in ru..iii Cmr el... ij.iip 11 il rcfrct i f unit srni; : t! rir

I'liaill'ill III. invivm ' - - juvenile stu Ik s nhni they u;!it to be ta;ti-!r.,U hichcr brunches ol education. b j. l. wi:.ov T.IJJ Ml sLA('!C.

As the object nnel aelvint.nee "f t! isusdui w nre clearly ext rese ll in thn j-relan-, we J-b '. h:e

publish it, hef it will be cttiiaelv re an r teacher ol' vouth. rnr.FACE. . v tn most of the ui i r r-if 1 jsim! roWjr m h.i ; niteel States a v. l! : in Ki.plr.i.e', W :nk.T matte the ?tan.!arel ol Fn-li-h erlt.o-rij b i-'i"1; nunciation. Hi Mt.n. n.r ei.iv l,r,hJmore popular, are! it 1 - i.w e n rail) n',tu" ,; it will rUtiru.e topn-vaih AH .ijctM arusei Enplishlamruace, eie . j t tliose W ulkirane. J.-. -son, nre bv nline.t iii:ir?;il ee.r.Knt, I n- - anei that of Jehnseu, in i(s late dit'ois 1.. ; Iter's plan of proiiuiu-ia-don iueeTj-omte As we have now r popular and ptrn.aiiij-' -nnl of our lantruasre, all e ellins h'-1'4 ;I ' tarv works of the kinel, ouuht to lt ;( ar its principle?. So far us thi- fai f; 1 " schools will be erroMou-ly tnn-i t, ;n.i n.arj ;( wish to be correct fch,lars, will Urn', u.nr 1. labour ne-cesarr to repr.ir the (!eiect ot n - . c.lucation. Tins i a misfortune- ,flV;,ria ,' ' 1 n inp the use of Webster HU.l re ral other rij . . works now extant, 'f houaral? whose l utmly were spent principally in learning! write their native lancuace, have 'n; . , . f..

eret, when entering upon hid tr "vt:; c;i tion, that they hael many thing to utile. some of their foriuer Mm!ie to repeat - careful about corre ctness though p riay respects pood eholais rc oi.liii""" practice of had spcllinc: ami bad J rt,,M;,'c " f0Ul? To furnish the nsimr ge-m ration ""l with the means of nvoielir.g these thw-y (..,:t to render tie rudiments of a ce n." ;ttmore easy the prc nt work is t 1 rt , ,l0l,s efr lie. In prepanne: it, the author l.w ;;i,0 eleavored to ave.id whatever ,? ,,T,,:fC r' till its paces with matter Miitable ,or " )( , '. t! inent of younir minds. Mo1 et the l rpellini; lessons with the exception " l n 'r, .. ;: have bee n take 11 from Walker C ritK.t f. cinir Dicti nnry , with itrit t -MU -nti-n (.u .. tho'urnphy, accentuati-n, aial the se-i.t i(!lH-f els.' The lesrons in re adir.r tavt-1 'J'?' "..htnte lected, ami are sue h : will not e to) sil,V) proyref'oftl.e v ils, hut e.te t-' ' ; f uve then, a la-te f. r the sen 1 ce. ':,r-i:'!. Sreiiptuie ro er names nh "f x v, lizard aee e i.Ud are e.nl.nc to W : ' -l ltel an inif e rt.-.tit aeixiintiuf rot to i cJ ,k t,..' other Ue.lk e.l the kil.el l e W i"1 j () y book answer he t erio'e conten'l h :rq'-r:'- . . . - . 1 1 . r.. r:i s . ' ' '. . .hi

li e j am vi u.e learmr n; - - , ((. (tiiii "

it i tM c eire) that ihe f:U d- and Jlr" "

ire will cie it ihe ir mm port. r

The nbove work 1- oM ai " ' ,!t!'1'

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(.'ineinnati, Auuti-'t i I '..

BOOKS, PAMI'IiM AJ1"

Neatlvevrcnteel al this f;flce ." '

!i terms, nnel on the fhortc?t uvix