Public Leger, Volume 1, Number 42, Richmond, Wayne County, 25 December 1824 — Page 2

CONCLUDED FROM FOURTH PAGE. losses, and sacrifices, a provision may be made and tendered to him, which shall correspond with the sentiments, and be tvorthy the character,of the American peo pie. In turning our attention to the condition of the civilized world, in which the United States have always taken a deep interest, it is gratifying to see how large a portion of it is hlessed with peace. The only wars rhich now exist within that limit, are those between Turkey and Greece, in Europe, and between Spain and the new governments, our neighbors in this hemisphere. In both these wars, the cause of Independence, of Liberty, and Humanity, continues to prevail. The success "of Greece, when the relative population of the contending parties is considered, commands our admiration and applause, and that it has had a similar effect with the neighboring powers, is obvious. The feelings of the whole civilized world is excited in a high degree in their favour. May we not hope that these sentiments, winning on the

hearts of their respective governments,

great questions which arise under our constitution, involving those between the U. States individually, between the states and the U. States, and between the latter and foreign powers, too high an estimate of their importance cannot be formed.The great interests of the nation seem to require that the judges of the supreme court should be exempted from every other duty than those which arc incident to that high trust. The organization of the inferior courts would, of course, be adopted to circumstances. It is presumed that such a one might he formed as would secure an able and faithful discharge of their duties,

and without any material augmentation of expense. The condition of the Aborigines within our limits, and especially those who are within the limits of any of the states, merit likewise particular attention. Experience has shown, that unless the tribes he civilized, they can never be incorporated into our system, in any form whatever. It has likewise shown, that in the regular augmentation of our population, with the extension of our settlements, their situation

mav lead to a more decisive result, that 'will become deplorable, if their extinction

may produce an accord among them, to replace Greece on the ground which she formerly held, and to which her heroic exertions, at this day so eminently entitle her. With respect to the contest, to which our neighbors are a party, it is evident that Spain, as a power, is scarcely felt in it. These new states had completely achieved their independence, before it was acknowledged by the United States, and they have since maintained it with little foreign pressure. The disturbances which have appeared in certain portions of that vast ter

ritory, have proceeded from internal causes, which had their origin in their former governments, and have not yet been thoroughly removed. It is manifest that these Causes are daily losing their effect, and that these new states are settling down under governments elective and representative in every branch, similar to our own. In tliis course we ardently wish them to persevere, under a firm conviction that it will promote their happiness. In this, their career, however, we have not interfered, believing that every people have a right to institute for themselves the government which, in their judgement, may suit them best. Our example is before them, of the good effect of which being our neighbors, they are competent judges, and to their judgment we leave it, in the expectation that other powers will pursue the same policy. The deep interest which we take in their independence, which we have acknowledged, and in their enjoyment of all the rights incident thereto, especially in the very important one of instituting their own governments, has been declared, and is known to the world. Separated, as we are, from Europe by the great Atlantic Ocean, we can have no concern in the wars of the European governments, nor in the causes which produce them. The hnllauce of power between them, into which ever scale it may turn in its various v ibrations, cannot affect :.. It is the interest of the Uuited States io preserve the most friendly relations with every power, and on conditions, fair, equal, and applicable to all. But in regard to cur neighbours, our situation is different. It is impossible for the European governments to interfere in their concerns, especially in those alluded to, which are vital, without affecting us; indeed the motives which might induce such interference in the pressent state of war between the parties, if a war it may he called, would appear to be equally applicable to us. It is gratifying to know that some of the powers with whom we enjoy a very friendly intercourse and to whom these views have been communicated, have appeared to acquiesce in them. The augmentation of our population.

with the expansion of our Union, and increased number of states, have produced eff-cts in certain branches of our system, which merit the attention of Congress. Some of our arrangements, and particularly of the judiciary establishment, were made with a view to the original thirteen states only. Since then the United States have acquired a vast extent of territory; eleven new states have been admitted into the Union, and territories have been laid off for three others, which will likewise he admitted at no very distant day. An organization of the Supreme Court, which assigns to the judges any portion of the duties which belong to the inferior, requiring their passage over so vast a space, under any distribution of the states that may now be made, if not impracticable in the execution, must render it impossible for them to discharge the duties of either branch with

ail vantage to the Union. The duties of

the supreme court would be of great importance, if its decision were confined to the ordinary limits of other tribunals, hut when it is conside red that this court de

cides, and io Uic last resort, on all the ll

is not menaced. Some well-digested plan

I which will rescue them trom such calamiI ties, is due to their rights, to the rights of humanity,and to the honor of the nation. Their civilization is indispensable to their i safety, and this can be accomplished only by degrees. The process must commence j with the infant state, through whom some ; effect may be wrought on the parental.

DihVulties of the most serious character present themselves to the attainment of this very desirable result, on the territory on which they now reside. To remove them from it by force, even with a view to

their own security and bappincss, would be revolting to humanity, and utterly unjustifiable. Between the limits of our present states and territories, ai d the Rocky Mountains and Mexico, there is i! vast territory to which they might be invited, with inducements which might be successful. It is thought, that if territory should he divided into districts, by previous agreement with the tribes now residing there, and civil governments be established in each, with schools for every brar '" of instruction in literature, and in thwarts of civilized life, that all the tribes now within our limits might gradually be drawn there. The execution of this plan would necessa

rily be attended with expense, and that not inconsiderable, but it is doubted whether any other can be devised which would be less liable to that objection or more likely to succeed. In looking to the interests which the U. States have on the Pacific ocean, and on the western coast of this continent, the pro-

! priety of establishing a military post at the

mouth of Colombia river, or at some other point in that quarter, within our acknowledged limits, is submitted to the consideration of Congress. Our commerce and and fisheries on that sea, and along the coast, have much increased, and are increasing. It is thought that a military post, to which our ships of war, might resort, would afford protection to every interest, and have a tendency to conciliate the tribes to the north-west, with whom our trade is extensive. It is thought, also, that by the establishment of such a post, the intercourse between our western states and territories and the Pacific Ocean, and our trade with the tribes residing in the interior, on each side of the Rocky Mountain, would be essentially promoted. To carry

this object into effect, the appropriation of

an adequate sum to authorize the employment of a frigate, with an ollicer of the corps of Engineers, to explore the mouth of the Colombian river, and the coast contiguous thereto, to enable the executive to make such establishment at the most suitable point, is recommended to congress. It is thought that attention is also due to the improvement W this rity. The communication betweeen the public buihting ami in various other parts ami the grounds around those buildings, require it. It is presumed also, that the completion of the Canal from the Tiber to the Eastern branch would have a salutary effect. Gnat exertions have

been made, an expenses incurred, by the citizens in improvements of various kinds but those which are suggested belong exclusively to the government, or are of a nature to require expenditures bevond their resources. The public lots which are stil! for

sale, would it is not doubted, be more than adequate to these purpose. From the view abi.ve presented, it is manift-st thut the situation of the United States is in the highest degree prosperous and happy. There is no object, which as u people, we can desire, which we do not possess, or which is not within cm rrah. Blessed with governments the happiest which the world ever knew, with no distinct orders in society, or divided interests in any portion of the vast territory over which their dominion extends, we lime every motive to cling together which can animate a vittuoiis and enlightened people. The great object is to preserve thee blessings, and to hard them down to our latest posterity, (lur experience ontrht to satisfy us that our progress ui.der themo'-t correct and provident policy wi!l not be exempt from dange r. Our institu

tions form on important epoch in the history of the civilized world On their preservation, and in fl.cir

a right to ro, wee: either rfct ,lheVn lhel eninvaientrof Iheir rights, or abandon them in j

certain events to waste and elesoiauon. ur u.utude is highly intcre-inp, as relates to other powers and particularly to our southern neighbors. We have duties to perform with respect to all, to which we must be faithful. To every kind of danger vc should pay the most vigilant and u ceasing attention ; remove the cause where it may be practicable, and be prepared to meet it when inevitable. Aeainst foreign danger the policy of the government seems to have already settled. The events of the hut war admonished us to make our roaratime frontier impregnable, bv a well directed chain of fortiu.ations,and to give efficient protection to our t onimcrce by augmenting our navy to a certain extent, which has been steadily pursued, and which it is incumbent upon us to complete as ?oon as circumstances will permit. In the event of war, it is on the maritime frontier that we are assailed. It is in that quarter, therefore, that we should be prepared to meet the attack It is there, that our whole force will be called into iction to prevent the destruction 01 our towns, ami the desolation and pillage of the interior To give full effect to this pol"j, great improvement will be indispensable. Access to those works, by every practicable commanicatjon, should be made easy, ami in every direction. The intercourse also between every part of our Union, should be promoted and facilitated by the exercise of those powers which may comport with a faithful regard to the great principles of our constitution. VVith respect to internal causes, these great principles point out with equal certainty, the policy to be pursued. Resting on the people, as our governments do, State and National, with well-defined powers, it is of the highest importance that thev severally keep within

the limits prescribed to them. Fulfilling that sacred duty , it is of equal importance that the movement between them be harmonious, and in case of any disagreement, should any such occur, a calm appeal be made to the people, and their voice be heard and promptly obeyed. But governments

being instituted lor the common goon, we caiiuoe tail to prosper while those who made them are attentive to the conduct of their representatives, and control their measures. In the pursuit of thee great objects, let a generous spirit and national views and feelings he indulged, and let every part recollect that, by cherishing that spirit, and improving the condition of the others, in what relates to their warfare, the general interest will not only be promoted, but the local advantages be reciprocated. 1 cannot conclude this communication, the last of the kind which 1 shall have to make, without recol lectins with great 6enibility and heart-felt gratitude, the many instances of the public confidence, and the generous support, which I have received from my fellow-citizens, in the various trusts with which 1 h.ive been honored. Having commenced ray service in early youth, and continued in it since, with a few and short intervals I have witnessed the great difficulties with which tl ey were surrounded. From the present prosperous anil happy state, I derive a gratification which I cannot express That the blessings may be preserved and perpetuated, will be the object of my fervent and unceasing prayers to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe. JAMES MONROE. Washington. Doc 7. 1824.

utmost purity, every thing will depend. F.xt rid

ing, as our interests no, to every part oi tne mnnni ted globe, and to every ?ea, to which our citizens are carried by the ir industry and enterpri',to which they arc invited by the wants of otltrs, uud Lave

SENATE. December 6. The President pro tern, of the Senate took his seat at 12 o'clock, when it appeared that a quorum was present", hut owing to the great length of the President's Message, 1 am unable to give the names of the members this week. Resolutions were offered to acquaint the house that a quorum of the Senate is assembled; to appoint a committee to wait on the President ; to appoint a committee on enrolled bills; &c.

Dec. 7. At 12 o'clock the message of

the President was received. A committee was appointed, in conjunction with one on the part of the House, to consult upon the most proper manner to receive Gen. La Fayette. Mr. Johnson, of Ky. gave notice that to-morrow he should ask leave to introduce a bill "to abolish imprisonment for debt." Dec. 8. Mr. Barbour, from the joint committee appointed to make arrangements for the reception of Gen. La Fayette, reported that, The committee propose that each house shall adopt its own method in receiving Gen. La Fayette.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Dec. 6. The Speaker, Mr. Clay, took the chair at 12 o'clock. The roll being called, it was found that 176 members were present. The clerk was sent to the Senate with a message stating that a quorum of the House was present, and that the house was ready to proceed to business. A like message was received from the senate. A committee was appointed in conjunction with one on the part of the house, to wait on the President and inform him that the two houses were assembled, and were ready to receive anv communication he might be pleased to make. A committee was appointed to confer with a similar committee on the part of the Senate, upon the-most proper manner of receiving Gen. La Fayette. A communication was received from the Secretary of war, which was laid on the table. Dec. 7. At 12 o'clock the President's message was received. On motion of Mr. Taylor, the reading of the documents accompanying the message was dispensed with. The message and documents were referred to a committee of the whole house on the state of the Union, and C,000 copies were ordeied to be printed. Mr. Storrs offered the following resolution, which was ordered to lie one day on the tabic: Resolved That the Secretary of the treasury department be directed to communicate to this house copies of any instructions which have been issued to the col

lectors of the customs or nnv of in the state of New Yorknd rn'

collection of tonnage duties V l'M'

ployed in transportation on t!. "A

that state ; and also any inform'

may exist in that department rj M the execution of such insti ucti0as1 ' 1 to next day. """ v'-'tc

Dec. S. The speaker r.alb.,1 i

tion of the house to two hill.;, wli, J' rlnsf nf the Inst sr-!nii. h-.,l l " '!.t

to a third reading, and which ho r'(4

are: 44 A bill authorising re-navir)'. V

lands erroneously sold by the UuM.S ': "A bill to authorise the K lat-jr the state of Ohio to sell and rJ '. 0i

1 . V (f

i.iiii 1 1 iii. is I'm'! iiitJir.u 10 Siiiri o.t for the use of the people thereof

subjects treated of in the message J

President, were referred to thirteen di' ent committees, the names of the

of which, with those of the standing ml ii ...:n i. ...i l ."n-

miufi, win wl- insfiii-u nexi week, Mitchell from the joint committee to mV

arrangements for the reception of Ger f . A . 1 Al ..A. il -i

r ayeue, reponeu uiai me joint cosmii'to had 44 agreed to recommend to their pective houses, tiiat each hou.-e reoii Gen. La Fayette in such manner as it deem most suitable to the occasior,." was then resolved that the congratulates

of the house be given to the General 0Q his arrival in this country, arid that he I assured of the gratitude and deep respect which the house entertains for his service in the revolution; and it was also resold d that he be invited to attend the licibc os Friday, the 10th inst. The above is but a hasty sketch cf t.e proceedings on the three first daNsof t!ie I A . 1 I -Ml l

session, out nexi wcck i win endeavor to give it more in detail.

The London papers contain reports of the total destruction of the Egyptian fleet by the Greeks on the 5th of September But the accounts direct from Smyrna .ire to October 1, and they state or.l? the partial destruction of that fleet. One tLi: however, is certain, that the Greek ob tained a continued series of important advantages and triumphs over the Turk

from the middle of August to the first of October. The intelligence of the victory of the 5th September, is stated in the Ladon Packet to have been received thnujj various channels, and is, in sub?ta ce,, "that the jjreat fleet of the viceroy of Y. combined with the remnant of enpt. IV cha's force, was totally defeated on the 5ih. of September, with the loss of one cut LuX

shipof the line, two frigates, three corveus and five brigs burned ; and three corvetts, six brigs, forty irun boats, and fifty transports taker. The engagement took place between Cos and Rhodes. The battle lasted for nearly seven hours. Ti e c; ptain Pacha lost Lis rear admiral ship, ai d two others. The remaining ships of the Egyptian licet were pursued by the Greek?.

Most of them took the direction ol x;:.dria. Some transports, overtaken in the waters of Rhodes, were destroyed. A small numhei of Egyptian vessel sought for safety in the port of Suda, in Cai ii:. More than a fourth of the troops destiri for the Mv,rea died in the midst of the flames or the waves, and the rest hnd become a prey to a contagious disease. After this new defeat, the captain P.itha took flight, and sought safetv in the port of Oliver, in the Island of Mitylei c.-j Admiral Miaulis went in pursuit of him. These multiplied defeats have produced a terrible impression at Constantinople, jh a it is reported that the Jannissaries were in a violent insurrection on the 18th, whicheven penetrated to the 6eraglio, and they tore the young prince who succeeds to the throne from the arms of the sultana; but we must observe that other letters, of the same date, do not speak of what happened to the young prince; therefore, it is prudent to wait for other details. A letter from Genoa, received subsequently, states that the son of the Pacha ot Egypt had been captured by the Greeks. Spain. -The pensions hitherto bestowed on three hundred of the Spanish refugees, by the British government, have been suspended with regard to two hundred of them. These unfortunate people have thereby been plunged into the deepest distress . France. It is said to be the intention ot France to diminUh the amount of the military force she now has in Spain. Oiefourth of the troops, we are told, is 1 placed in the principal fortresses; anoti-ei' fourth is to be maintained on the frontiers as an Army of Observation, and the remainder to be disbanded. Such is the minor; hut, says the Courier, w hen we remember what when the reasons assigned formardjing troops into Spain, ve can with difficulty comprehend any that would justify at the present moment, murth.ii: ,nt!11 oU" again.