Public Leger, Volume 1, Number 42, Richmond, Wayne County, 25 December 1824 — Page 1

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"friendly to the b4st pursuits of man,

FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." Cowper.

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RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1824.

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Washington. Dee. 7, 1 C24.

f'isdavat, 2 o'clock, the President of j

the lT it"d States transmitted to both houseof Congress the following MESSAGE: ff.uis Citifns of the Senate, House of lt preventatives, T.V view which I have now to prrcnt to on. of on r allairs, foreign and domesir. re diZ the most sannui ;e anti ip.it; which have been entertained of the ya lie 'rc-pt rity. If we look to the whole, cur growth, as a nation, continues t be nipiJ beyond example: if to the ftates r,:.k compose it, the arne ratifx in spectacle is exhibited. Our espanion over 4.li; vast territorv witbiii our limits has hct '. iircat, without indicatinii an declin in t'lose sections fnm whiclt the emigration ha- been most conspi Uou?. We have idv gained strength, by a native populi io i, in even quarter: a popul ati.m deTjied tiour happy svstem of u'oven.meiit.

2 1 1 he n s! 1 1 ni the bond ol uni n with Irat r il atfectiotu Expcrienc' has already s . !!, that the dilFerence of climate, and ci ilu-trv proceeding from that cause, i parable from such va-t domain, a id :rh, under other svstem, mi;iit have a rcpul-ive tendency, cannot fail to produce wit, i under wise regulations, the oppoiile ctl'-ct. What one portion wants, the othr mav supply, and thi will be mist 5 :;iblv felt by the parts most di-tant from carfi other, formintr thereby a domestic market, and an active intercourse between the extremes, and throughout every por tio-ioftbe Union. Tims by a happ distrildition of power between the national ai '1 -tate irovernmefits; governments which re-t exclusive h on the sovereignty of the p b , a;.d are fulh adeepiate to the iireat p f rj r for which they were respectively intituled, causes which miht otherwise lead t dimem!erment, ope-rate pow erful ly to draw u- closer together. In every ct'.i r inaim-laiice, a correct view of the S'tual tr.te of our union, must be equally Cratih i to (ur constituents. Our relatiwhs with foreign powers are of a friendly character, altltough certain interesting u'ifi' fei ces remain un-tlled with some. Our rever ue, under the mild svstem of impost and tonnage, continues to be adequate to all the purpose of the government. Our agriculture, commerce, manufactures, and navigation llourish. Our fortifications are advancing in the degree authorised by existi ig appropriations, to maturity: and due

rngrcss is made in the augmentation of ' r aw. to tlie limit prescribed by law. ' "V tliox; blessings wc owe to Almighty

r- - CI d. from whom vve derive them, and with pr fou d reverence our most grateful and u reusing acknowledgment. In adverting to our relations with foreign power-, which are always an object of the highest importance, I have to remark, that r'f the subjects which have been brought into di( usio:i with them during the present administration, some have been satisfactorily terminated: others have been suspended, to be resumed hereafter, under iretjin-tances more favorable to success: ?unl others are still in negotiation, with the hope that they may be adjusted, with muhial accommodation, to the interests and i the satisfaction of both parties. It has iten the invariable object of this government to cherish the mot friendly relations "vitb eveiy power, and on principles and conditions which might make them permanent. A systematic effort has leen made to place our commerce, with each power, 'ii a footing of perfect reciprocity; to settle with each, in a spirit of candor and n,,e;ality, all cxbti'2 differences, and to

.oiipaie a hi rem ve, so t ir as u might be practicable, all causes of future variance It having been stipulated, by the seventh article of the convention of navigation and

commerce, which was concluded on the 24th of June, 1822, between the United States and France, that the said convention should continue in force for two years from the 1st of October of that year, and for an indefinite term afterwards, unless one of the parties should declare its intenj tion to renounce it, in which event it should cease to operate at the end of six months from such declaration; and no such intension having been announced, the convenjtion having been found advantageous to 'both parties, it has since remained, and

sun remain ui tuH torce. At the time when that convention was concluded, many interesting subjects were left unsettled, and particularly our claims to indemnity

for spoliations which were committed on

our commerce in the late wars. For these interests and claims, it was in the contemplation of the parties to m ike provision at a subsequent day, by a more comprehensive and definitive treaty. TUc object has been duly attended to since by the executive, but as yet it has not been accomplished. It is hoped that a favorable opp rtunity will present itself for opening a negotiation which may embrace and arrange all existing differences, and every other concern in which they have a common interest, upon the accession of the present king of France, an event which has occurred since the close of the last session of Congress. W ith Great Britain our commercial intercourse rests on the same footing that it did at the last session. Bv the convention oi 1815, the commerce between the United States a id Me British dominions in Europe, and the East I idies, vva arranged on a principle of reciprocity. That convention vv.isoV)tirined fid continued in force, with sligf)f4 Exceptions, by a subsequent treaty, for the term of ten years; from the 20tU October, 1G19, the date of the 'latter. The trade with the British colonies in the

West Indies, has not, as yet, been arranged by treaty, or otherwise to -our satisfaction. An approach to that result has been made ov L 'gisl alive acts, wherebv many seriouirnpedimo its which had been raised by the parties, ia defence of their respective claims were removed. An earnest desire exists, and has been m i tifestcd, on the part of this government, to place the commerce with the colonies, likewise, on a footing of reciprocal advantage; and it is hoped that the British government, seeing the justice of the proposal, and its importance to the colonies, will, ere long, accede to it. The commissioners who were appointed for the adjustment of the boundary ,hctwecn the territories of the U. States and those of Great Britain, specified in the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, having disagreed in their decision; and both governments having agreed to establish that boundary, by amicable negotiation between them, it

is hoped that it may be satisfactorily adjusted in that mode The boundary specified by the sixth article, has been established by the decision of the commissioners. From the progress made in that provided for by the seventh, according to a report recently received, there is good cause to presume that it will be settled in the course of the ensuing year. It is a cause of serious regret, that no arrangement has yet been finally concluded between the two governments, to secure, by joint co-operation, the suppression of the slave trade. It was the object of

the British Government, in the early stages of the negociation, to adopt a plan for the suppression, which should include the concession of the mutual right of search, by the ships of war of each party, of the vessels of the other, Br suspected offenders. This was obiected to by this govern

ment, on the principle that as the right of

search was a right oi war, ol a Delligcieni towards a neutral power, it might have an ill effect to extend it, by treaty, to an offence which had been made comparatively mild in a time of peace. Anxious, however, for the suppression of this trade, it was thought advisable, in compliance with a resolution of the House of Representatives, founded on an act of congress,to propose to the British government an expedient, which should be free from that objection, and more effectual for the object, by making it piratical. In that mode, the enormity of i..r. orimn wimbl nlar.e the offenders out oi

f hfir rrovernmenl. an'iiH-li

lllv; i uiuvuvu w ...v.. w

v olve no question of search, or other ques

tion, between the parties, touching their

respective rights. It was believed, also, I of which is placed the Prince in whom il I'm . . ... ..!.. . . , .

Brazil has established a new government

there, with an imperial title, at the head

that it would romnletelv sunnross thi

, 1 - rr trade in the vessels of both parties, and by their respective citizens and subjects in those other powers, with whom, it was hoped, that the odium which would thereby be attached to it, would produce a corresponding arrangement, and by means thereof, its entire extirpation forever. A convention to this effect was concluded and signed in London, on the 13th of March, 1824, by plenipotentiaries duly authorized by both governments, to the ratification of which certain obstacles have arisen, which are not yet entirely removed. The differences between the parties still remaining, has been reduced to a point, not of suOicient magnitude, as is presumed, to be permitted to defeat an object so near the heart of both nations, and so desirable to the friends of humanity throughout the world. As objections, however, to the pri iciplc recommended by the House of Representatives, or at least to the consequences inseparable from it, and which are understood to apply to the law, have been raised, which may deserve a reconsideration of the whole subject, I have thought it proper to suspend the conclusion of a new convention until the definitive sentiments of Congress may be ascertained. The documents relating to the negotiation, arc, with that intent, submitted to your consideration. Our commerce with Sweden has been placed ona footing of perfect reciprocity,by

treaty; and with Russia, the Netherlands, Prussia, the free H anscatic Cities, the Dukedom of Oldenburgh and Sardinia, by iatemr1 regulations on each side, founded on mn; J agreement betwen the respective governments. The principles upon which the commercial policy of the Union is founded, arc to be traced to an early period. They are

essentially connected with ttiose upon

which their independence was declared, and owe their origin to the enlightened men .vho took the lead in our affairs at that

important epoch. They are developed ia their first treaty of commerce with France, of the 6th of February, 1778, and by a formal commission which was institu

ted immediately after the conclusion of

their revolutionary struggle, for the purpose of negociating treaties of commerce with every European power. The first

treaty of the United States with i'russia which was negociated with that commis

sion, allords a signal illustration ol those principles. The act of Congress of the 3d of March, 1815, adopted immediately after the return of a general peace, was a new overture to foreign nations, to establish our commercial relations with them on the basis of free and equal reciprocity. That principle has pervaded all the acts of Congress, and all the negotiations of the Executive on the same subject since. A Convention for the settlement of important questions, in relation to the North West Coast of this continent, and its adjoining seas, was concluded and signed at St. Petersburgh, on the of last, by the Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, and PJenipotentiariesofthe Imperial government of Russia. It will immediately be laid before the Senate, for the exercise of the constitutional authority of that body with reference to its ratification. It is proper to add, that the manner in which

mis negociation was nnufu ww.j. on the part of the Emperor, has been very satisfactory. The great and extraordinary changes which have happened in the governments of Spain and Portugal within the last two years without seriously affectingthe friendly relations which under all of them, have

been maintained with those powers, by the U. States, have been obstacles to the ad

justment of the particular subjects, of discussion which have arisen with each. A

resolution of the Senate adopted at their last sesion, called for information, as to the effect produced upon our relations with

Spain, by the recognition, on the part of

tlie United States, of the independent South American governments. The papers containing that information are now communicated to Congress. A charge d'Affairs has been received from the independent government of Brazil. That country heretofore a colonial possession of Portugal, had some years since been proclaimed, by the sovereign of Portugal himself, an independent kingdom. Since his return to Lisbon, a revolution in

, the regency had been vested, by the king,

at the time of his departure. There is reason to expect that by amicable negotiation, the independence of Brazil will ere long be recognized by Portugal herself. With the remaining powers of Europe, with those of the coast of Barbary, and with all of the new South American states, our relations are of a friendly character. We have ministers Plenipotentiary residing with the republics of Colombia and Chili, and have received ministers, of the same rank from Colombia, Guatimala, Buenos. Ay res and Mexico. Our commercial reflations, with all those states, are mutually beneficial and increasing. With the republic of Colombia, a treaty of commerce has been formed of which a copy is received and the original daily expected. A negociation for a like treaty, would have been commenced with Buenos! Ayres, had it not been prevented by the; indisposition and lamented decease of Mr. Rodney, our minister there, and to whose memory the most respectful attention has been shown, by the government' of that republic. An advantageous alteration in our treaty with Tunis, has been obtab d, by our consular agent residing there, the official document of which, when received, will be laid before the Senate. The attention of the government has been drawn with great solicitude to other subjects, and particularly to that relating to a state of maratimc war, involving the relative rights of neutral and belligerent in such wars. Most of the difficulties which we have experienced, and of the lo?es we have sustained, since the establishment of our independence, have proceeded from the unsettled state of those rights, a . I 'he extent to which the belligerent claim '-as been carried against the neutral party. It is impossible to look back on the occurrences of the late wars in Europe, and to behold the disregard which was paid to our rights as a neutral power, and the watc which was made of our commerce by the parties to those wars, by various ads of their respective governments, and i; der the pretext by each that the other had set the example, without great mortification,

and a fixed purpose never to submit to tlie like in future. An attempt to remove those causes of possible variance, by fri dly. negotiation, and on just principles, wJuch should be applicable to all parti' s, coufd it was presumed, he viewed by no- e, other than as a proof of an earnest desire to preserve those relations with every power. In the late war between France d Spain, a crisis occurred, in which it s ined probable that all the controvertible principles involved in such wars, might be brought into discussion, and settled to the satisfaction of all parties. Propositi -as having this object in view, have b, e.: made to the governments of Great Britain, France, Russia, and of other powers, which have been received in a friendly manner bv all, but as yet no treaty has been form-, eil with either for its accomplishment. The policy will, it is presumed, be persevered in, and in the hope that it may be successful. It will always be recollected, that with one of the parties to those wars, and rem whom we received those injuries, we sought redress by war. From the other, bv w 1 ose then reigning government our vessels were seized in port as well as at sea, and their cargoes confiscated, indemnity has been expected but has not yet been rendered. It was under the influence of the latter, that our vessels were likewise stiz d by

the governments of Spain, Hollaed, I Jenmark, Sweden and Naples, and from whom indemnity has been claimed, and is still expected-, with the exception of Spain, by

whom it has hcen renuereo. no ooiu parties we had abundant cause of w r, but we had no alternative but to resist that which was most powerful at sea, a d pressed us nearest at home. With this, all differences were settled by treaty f unded on conditions fair and honorabb to both, and which has been so far executed with perfect good faith. It has been earnestly hoped that the other would, of its own accord, and from a sentiment of justice and conciliation, make to our citiz as the indemnity to which they are e ti:l d, and thereby remove from our relatione, any just cause of discontent on our -ide. It is estimated the receipts into tb- Trea sury during the current year, exclusive of continued o.v fourth r ac; e.J

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