Public Leger, Volume 1, Number 38, Richmond, Wayne County, 27 November 1824 — Page 1
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FRIENDLY
VTiirvnr v t- ir
. 4 ltlt, Mfc!)T FCRSUIXS OF MAN
TOTHOUOUT, TO FREEDOM, AND TO PEACE." Coirper.
RICIDIOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER
27, 124.
Frit
EDMUND S. BUXTON,
?f p '.sit? the llicfwiond Hotel.
UuriMgi.us interval several Noi ti American vessels went up to Paraguay, laden with military stores, without touching at Buenos Ayres, the river Parana to an immense distance un admit
00 tons burden. Tlu 1
ith willows, to which boats carrv out
j
VOLUME .j
n, iv D!J. for rifiy-two numbers, to be piid in 3( S. Two D.lhrs and Fifty Cents if md I .i. .r nr Three Dollars, if not i. anile-
mition oi i:v ji ir- .1111 m m an- j wn-imcs un uie purpose ot Haulms the ves-
sei up against the current a labour in which the Paraguayans are extremely doxtrousirid generally such expert swimmers, that they carrv out their own tow-lines without the aid of a boat, by merely taking one end of it in their mouths. Steam nav igation alone is required to prevent these unavoidable delays, and open a trade of considerable extent. Having now attained the great object of all their sacrifices and privations, the Paraguayans are desirous of opening their resources to general enterprise, and establishing both political and commercial regulations in Europe. With this view they have sent over a Commissioner to England, as well as two vessels laden with Ihe following cargoes, Aiz: Brig Duke de Santa Fe, with 100 serooMg of cocoa, containing 460 quintals; 4,73G arrobas of sugar; 30,000 lbs. ofindigo; 3,570 arrobas of cotton. Brig Nova Enearcado, 27,260 lbs. of Jesuits bark; 113,137 lbs. of dried hides; 15.371 arrobas of tallow. This is the fir-t essay the Paraguayans have made to Europe on their account, but fully convinced that commerce is necessary to their prosperity, and the consolidation of their independence, they have establish
ed a Trading Company in each of the six
...it-amnt'iil intrrrtdif Jiiit h n:irt ip.
.OCe tM'Hl-; u i. -r - I
ti .) t iUcn f-r les thnn iT month, and
t to notify a di?cnntinnanre at th" exnirnti"r.f the tim' fiihscfibeJ for, will be con'iiiered .i. yi l,t'ci!i t!.' Editor riw.f have the pestage fcU o lAfy u-u7 not be aticnicd to TERMS OF .Un'EliTlSlNO. WVfn lins or for thre inrlion One Dollir :ih co:;tiiano TH-t-nty-five ent. Lar er auvorn&oaici.n in the same proportion. m - " " " fFr oi the London Mrnjn? Chronicle, Auuit33. U ' PARAGUAY. cOVCtrDED rROM L5T WEFK. 0! 1 r-staSli;hed ciistomsand well authenaciteJ nrecedeits. sti! as are on record frrr. the time ftbe Jesuits, together with ihe liwsofthe Indies regulate the adminij!r;tioi of ju-tice, and the concerns of ji-vtT' nv'T'.t, in every thing not opposed to t!e Provisional Code draw n up and orit rei to be observed by Dr. Francia, in which he has coe.ultcd the habits, wants, l situation of the people lie governs.
I Ai-.gtbir peace and prosperity at heart, i:.dhfi-.tjr a: xinu to promote their social ! i:r: T'.u-a:' id : a nigral and substantial! e ;''jcati(:i. This Provisional Code -has
t ')'. i ti , he has becii desirous that all d a; -Z' s '" -i reforms should be gradual, arid ! ot nd'-nted bv the people until they co:j!J duls appreciate their value. S great I the simplic ity of manners among
Ker, dr.iwn un so a not t) clash with tlie
CJstoii s a -d -veo the piejudit es of a peiv departments far the exportation of pro-
pfjlnr iff everv thing. In order ;i uuee, on a puniic plan in unison with tiie
respective JIu nrinrilstics. 1 heCompanies have been funned ui der the immediate auspices of the Government, and large capitals arc now empIo; d for the purchase of the produce which 1 as hitherto been left neglected, by w hich means the planters will he enabled to eifect sales, and the profits gained by sending the fruits of their industry to available market, will redound to the advantage of the commuuity at large. Of thee six companies, the persons forming the body of Representatives are Presidents, chosen by ballot at the end of four months of their annual labors. This body of Representatives is compos ed of seven persons, elected by each of the Department; they take the chair in turns, and are elected in tin same manner
I as the Deputies for the Cortes were in
Pnq aavai's and so prompt the ad-
: ;i-mtion f Justice, that tew or none of I1 K- crimes are to be met with winch em-
a:.d corrupt overgrown socicth c.
t
t'.f-Ti ill nr a: s of existence often de-
f J o:. p ti. tul ti.il tr the abuse of ingent. v, TU! governor s em to have followed ahstar.tial partoftlie dd policy of t; r- J, uit-j, whu,bv the most wc!;derfu vijr, retained, till the time of their ex- ( a an absolute domioion, both in spirited ai:d temporal concerns, over, the inahitants of Parairuav. He foresees and pr.jii ic ! r their wants, arid by renderi?!g
i an indivi du aiiy happv and contented at I; Spam, with this deflference only that in the
pamcliial elections married persons, widoweisand w ddowas the heads of families.
h. n he t in 1 ihcra to the support of a j
,r'V!TriniQr.i, the practiral advantages of ii"! they liave dail before their eyes, in h ofajs ma-ietiean u-.ited.antl conse- : ,t! str..ng, ip ra-e f an attack. All
-i jt-ct t o th" - :r - law, and no ditio; s are know eyond those which -rior merit bestow-" llffirp tlio nub-
i -i n.ei:u'is regul.ir and secure, and hav-
n imposed e,- general consent, it i
nt.T.ted, without any expense to the
ti-,
V v rr rr,; ::t.
hr.o, been the obvious policy of this exrdn.arv man to preserve his country ' tn anan hy ,-ul civil war, and. in order ocljerthip!JrpOH.. ,u; induced the piinCP;d i n prietors to make a temporary sarnv ..in. I
-Mr, 1
vith f
iiioWin"" r ( t ntfinr intiTmiipco
- -- Mil' I V .IVo i'jers and neighbours. th;r what
u v.irn ;,rll(
St
ers.iry to procure
m need of. ft.;.,!.,! ut ;.ai,. r
'ira:f rs Tni't bad to conf.Kion, and Tact Id. paternal plan. The ParaP t.-d to the privation of exhZl ti,(' consequent los of a tl-r" portion of thvir produce, and zealousv'!vT,ed th"Tn-,:lv,!i lo tl!fl internal irnil en, r tS "f lliC,r Srow' republic tVt '? Un-,S r.cvcn',c xva5 ,ail! ollt to a(1 ' ''e; Tl idle hands were emploved cpeur.g roads, unking br'nlges, and oth- ' ' t'U works, aad the tew slaves the
, ;,rV IKKsrsse were gradually (Veed,
r'it any loss to t!
ieir owners. Public
r('n plated; vet the r.iinting t ) o "r.vS tj.jH !ecn discouraged une people siia;uMi l)ettcr jjrouIU((1 it 3 1 iVtan
&.-- t' i ' . ""-u-c?au more removed inn backwanl ...1 ;.a. 4.....
'"ii. in mim (I uirv
'"'it ro to
f -iV I e? "'fiventeri'il on their politic. .v,'...:1;, b3 n:;u did the inhabitant
''iuotoese privations, or n rrlont
was the voluntary police, in which jurl;rrr,ll,cd-for lhc sencral il,at ter 1 rtlrst"lneearsnota single let-
ins
e country without
having been
i 'Ctcd hvthe C!:;.r M...,;....... ,
'-"-ctl) well authenticated.
alone vote al'!.cuih,to be chosen a District Fdector, a Deputy, or, indeed to fill any other public situation, it is not necessary to be married. This body of representatives act as a Council of State in all difficult matters, and its sanction is necessary to all important acts. It has a Secretary and Clerk for the dispatch of buisiness, who are chosen from a triple list presented by the Executive in which mannner also all the other public functionaries are elected, at d they perform their duties without the smallest remuneration being princi
pally persons of wealth an instance of
disinterestedness not to he met with in any of the other new states on the same Continent. The revenue of the general government is chiefly derived from an extremly moderate land tax. and each department has besides, its muncipal dues. The Government is besides in possession of what were formerly called the Temporalities of the Church, or the confiscated property of the Jesuits, consisting of some of the finest landed estates and houses the country posscscs; these are let out on account of the
government; and at the commencement of
the revolution, when emergencies were
; felt, the inhabitants instantly stepped forI ward with voluntary donations. The i tithes, formerly paid to the Church, have 1 also devolved to the government, as well as ' several other smaller sources of revenue in tho ancient right of the kings of Spain. ! Mith rlo no custom houses or exercise of
fices I ave been cstablishcd,although a consider;, ble internal trade is carried on in sugar, rum, country cottons, &c. and some few external supplies have also been received, it having been the wish of the government that a people, who readily consented to such great privations for their freedom and independence, in return should be entitled to have their wants supplied at the cheapest possible rate. The whole revenue lias been regularly expended on the
means of defence and internal improve
meat and so great have been the economy and judgment displayed by the executive, that for the last three years there has been an annual surplus of a half a million of dollars in the treasury. At this moment thev have one million of dollars in specie unappropriated, besides two millions more lent out to proprietor of estates on mortagage, fit a yearly interest, for which bonds are given, which circulate as the property of the government and are redeemable whenever the borrowers please. It is expected the revenue of the gover ament will be doubled the instant the trading companies are in fall operation. The independence of Paraguay was acknowledged by the King of Portugal, previous tj his quitting Rr.tzil for Europe, and this is the only instance of interest and confidence manifested in favour of that valuable and interesting portion of South America, by a sovereign power. With the exception of Brazil, the Paraguayans have never attempted to establish relations of amity and commerce with any independent state, not even witn those situated in their own neighbourhood, their whole attention having been turned to the means, by which their own liberties and tranquility could be preserved. The overtures of Buenos A) res, to enter into a general confederation of all the provinces formerly constituting the Vice Royalty of the River Plata, hav e uniformly been rejected.from the principle that all engagements of such a nature could not fail to embroil Paraguay in those unhappy dissensions which have.solongallectedthecont' ious districts. The Emperor of Brazil lately invited the Paraguayans to form a part of his dominions, but the offer was declined in a firm, although respectful manner. The Paraguayans, in short, have formed a peculiar policy of their own, and they seem resolved to continue united among themselves, prepared at the same time to make every sacrifice, in order to -ecurt their own tranquility and independence.
The rfligiom ' of Mahomf.t. Tn the reign of Om ir, the second Khalifa, about the Hejy ran year twenty, (according to the historian Ben Shohanah) an Arab prince named Jiahalah, chiefofthe Pagan tribe of Ghassanida, who wandered over the plain ofSyria. professed a desire to renounce idoltry. With that intention he visited the court of Omar, to whom he did homage as his liege, and was initiated in the lawr. The Khalifa, feeling an interest in the voluntary sacrifice his gust had made, conceived a partiality for the prince and took him with him on the pilgrimage to Mecca, with intention to instruct him in the rites and mysteries incumbent upon devotees. In running the tour of the tem
ple, conformably to custom, it happened that a pilgrim of ordinary rank took the prince bv his sleeve and pulled him on one
side, in order to pass himself, at which incivility Jiahalah was so enraged that he
struck the intruder a violent blow, and not satisfied with the vengeance he had ta ken, continued a strain of vehement abuse in which he reproached the man with inso
lent conduct towards a person of his quali
ty. Omar, noticing the immoderate anger
of the prince, and that he reiterated menaces and ill usace against a man whom he-
had already punished and turned out of
the ranks, said to turn, "Calm your trans
nnrfs. otherwise 1 shall cause that man
to return the blow you gave him, for you ought to know that Islam has rendered vou both equal; and the prince and the
slave when in the exercise of their worship,
or acts, of piety, such as the functions of
the pilgrimage, are but as men equal m all their prerogatives.". Jiahalah, stung to
the quick by the words of the Khalifa, conceived so great a disgust, that he promptly
gave up his newly adopted faith, and retired to Constantinople, where he became a Christian. A circumstance which occurred during my residence at the Court of Morocco, in the year 1011, is .also illustrative of this point. The Sultan Mulai Soliman, conformably to his usual practice, visited the public mosque of Sidi Yousif on a certain Friday, but, being a little after time, the area was crowded with worshippers to the very portico. It happened, also, that the congregation were in the act of adoration (in a prostrate posture,) and the Sultan could barely find room for the ceremony, by squeezing his body amidst a motley group yvbo occupied tho threshold, and
that with great inconvenience, for hD head, in lieu of touching the ground, repeatedly came in contact with the heels cf a slave who occupied the space heforo him. This man, finding himself molested) left off his devotion to inquire into the oo casion ofit, but instantly recognising the features of the sovereign, he started upoo his feet, and would have retired on ono side, had he not been restrained by the forcible grasp with which the Sultan held his hnyk, and again dragged him involun tarily into the posture he had quitted. When prayers were over, Mulai Solimao desired the attendance of the shave's master, whom he reprimanded for not inculcating into the mind of his vassal a true kno wled ge of the 4law of God." To the slave he said, ""Mark these words, which have a relation in common to the class yotl belong to: on the throne, in the palace, in the city,or in the field, you shall know mc for the sovereign commander of the faithful by day or night; but in the mosque, or at devotions, you shall not know me as who I am, neither shall you know your own master, for, before God, the prince and the slave are equal, and must meet judg ment according to their several actions, without distinction of rank." Thus the religion of Islam, as it is pro pcrlv styled, wherever it prevails, whether at the splendid Courts, of Constantinople. Delhi, and Morocco, or in the less ostentatious governments of tnterior Ethiopia, b uniform, as well in practice as in its inflo ence upon the minds of men. Dnpvis Journal rn Jlshantee Singular Theological Examination. Grabowski, Prince bishop of Ermland had many eccentricities, of which the following anecdote may serve as an instances A good living having become vacant in Ermlar.d, three candidates applied for it? they had all for an equal length of timO' served equally miserable curacies, and produced equally creditable testimonials and recommendations. "Your chain s," said the bishop, "are equal, and I cam ot give the preference to any without injustice to the other: I will therefore exam ine vou mvsell in a few wveks, and whoeVer acquits himself the best, shall have the vacant parsonage." The three clergymen assiduously devoted the interval allowed them to preparation, and did not fail to present themselves at the appointed time. "You have probably ,v said bishop, addressing them in Latin, "repeated your course of divinity, and duly pre pared yourselves tor this occasion." They replied in the affirmative. "Well then," continued the prelate, "my aim is attained and I will therefore, after the example of our Lord and Saviour, merely speak toyoO in a parable. Supposing," said he, turn ing to the first, "you have to drive a heavily laden ass, whose load was to he delivered at a particular time and at a certain place, and the ass were from fatigue, to become incapable of proceeding w henyoil had nearly arrived at the end of your journey, what would you do?" UI would beat him as hard as I could." replied ti e candidate, "to make him go the remaining short distar.ee." ulf you were a general ,,f said the bishop,"I should approve your answer, And you," continued he, turning to
the second, "how would you act?'" "I would hire another beast or cart, was the reply, "load it with the burthen,and hasten with it to the place of my destination." "And what would then become of the ass?" rejoined the bishop. "I would hire a man," re plied the candidate, "to drive him after me whep he had rested himself' -"If you were a merchant," said the bishop, "and had always a full purse at your command, your answer would not be amiss. But," he again asked, turning to the 3d, "how would you manage?"- "For my part," answered he, "I would take as much of the load as I could carry tm my shouK ders to relieve the animal, and thus continue my journey." "You," cried the bishop, "who, regardless of your ow n con
venience, arc ready to take upon your
shoulders part of the burthen of him who
is weary and heavy laden-you shall liavo the liv ing." All trials of temper are salutary, and as this world is a state of probation, fe the little daily trials of life are perhaps more difficult to be borne than great and unusual ones, 1 cannot allow myself to think any dispensation otherwise than a kind one, which
calls into use tboseerviceable and Chri& tian virtues, pticticQiiorbesreuco
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