Public Leger, Volume 1, Number 37, Richmond, Wayne County, 20 November 1824 — Page 1

FRIENDLY TO THE BKST PURSUITS OF MAN,

FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FRF.EDOM, AND TO PEACE. Covper.

RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNT, INI;lAiNA. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 20. 1824.

1'CLUMK .

ITotU DlTULISHEUKVERl SATURDAY UY ( EDMUND S. BUXTON, j Vi , tfrrtU.rptxitc ;" Hihiw! Hole!.

j.j- i :vi r- ,r 1 1 o i .i r.iv ;;ui N un riiiuiu: luaumius is less irequeui r w !),i:.ir for Utv-tuo numbers to he paid in ; than jt was yct j ;ilJ5l, ()f t,l(, Re,,js. . 'IV. Pallir and F llty vents it paid 4 . , ..... ,. , . , . - , :1 !v l1 T,;, vr, ..r Three Dollar., if nut eaid bo-, ;v Acts.sl.ives are still indirectly obtained. -'uu!1, v'ir.ition ofthe ear-. pavintnt in ad-;. f ev are first imported into the remote j; Tl" tilt 1 X' ' ' . ..l"-.. 1 1 II 1 C I IV I .

o i laai si.ui.i . i'lUTc is great reason to believe However,' says the report, "from information communicated to the Directors, that although the direct importation

of slaves into the Mauritius is less frenuent

hem

V ta the mutual interest of both parties

. - r, t ikoi i t les than MX month, and

f "', r ' 'iiiiitt! until all arrearages are I . ,a.'V n discontinuance at the e:ira-

r . ..'-iri' i i i iai'

L ' 1 ' "v ' ......

tM tliiK

....

I ; in .

' -aia-cribcd lor, w ill be considered

m. id a d upright io tucir disposition, and particularly attached to each other. They have retailed all the substantial advantages derived from the schooling of the Je-

From the peculiar traits of character Dr. Francia has since evinced, it is evident he sought to exercise the supremo command from no interested or ambitious

.i-v

.Jq, i,cj uill not he aUtnitd to

TT.RM- OF Alvr.RTI?INO.

t ;

,.r for trim- m mom writ- ioi-

. i - - i -

i,ciit in tn" fant ',to: ruoii.

ilaads called btvchelles: and after re-

tnai'iini; there for some m at!.s employed in cultivating cotton, &c. thev are removed under license to the Mauritius. It will of course be in the power of novcrnment ; to pr ve .t this a!)Ue, either bv givieg

strict orders to the local authorities on the I

;hub"ct, or. it necessary, by modifying the 1 Rei-trv Act." IXTER-COLOMAL S L V V C TRADE. "A ; bill," s i the diret tors "me, dinned in the r'"port of last year, for consolidating the :A'.!iti i laws, brought into Parliament bv Dr. Ltisi gton, was thrown out in the II is f Lard. It !ta this year i-een retv d, anil i now in its progress tarofigli 'Parliament. O ;e of il o!jects is t aOoItae i ter-col onial Slave Trade which is ; till allowed to survive the general aboli-

j,t.;j(. ii ' i - i uoa oj uiai lianir, mu wiinai in us ii.uuh:

i-i Great Britian aial the L Mtetl - tl l j ,.;.cts, i i.t Je cru 1, inliuman, a ul

i . . . i - i . ... ... , . i

! $ d.-s. I'r.K.ou. rr i: tne traue pu.u , ami u aju-t t nan that wmicii is carried on witu j I r,i, j. Lr an itd:-.nous pufi-luucnt on alljjt,;. ,.,:l( ,,f Africa' I v;:o cinl'ark their capital in it, and onthe Mit:gtio sd cradual extinction of

s and n.rers ot sl.ve snips, ana weiiy. ()i t ti Mibject to report o!)-

a . .

suits, and generally, although they occa-' views. His country was earlv atlac KeQ sionally speak Spanish, in their familiar j; by an enerm from Buenos Ay res evry conversations, they use only the Guaianyj effort was made to ii (luce the ii habitants

SauLruaffe. of which a grammar was drawn j to enter into the La Plata coalition, ol trie

tip for thorn by their ancient preceptors,

Paraguay was always considered the most important province of the former Viceroy-

ally ofLa Plata, and hence it was long the

one har d, and that of Artigas, on the other,

and had Dr. Francia been obstructed by the interference of a colleague, possibh he never would have been able to repel the

Kr.mi t!.o N w-York fM.-orw r. STATE OF THE SLAVE TRADE. ce.VCI.l DLU FROM L T WI EK.J T i;ere caii be no doubt thai it i? comn lv in the power of the Fiv ch go-

I t ..- mi. r li inn .in tn'u i ...v,

i ' i

l t.iOe

I capital, Uefore Buenos Ay res was made j; aggressioi s of his neighbours, or so su cessi t seat of ,,vci-i metit. The principal fully shi ld this territory from civil rommopor t a d capital is the city of Assumption ; s' tions, ai d afterwards, by his foresight ai d j il lias however, numerous other harbours, j! perseverance, raise it to a state of prospc- ! formed bv the several rivers which unite,; rity and happiness it row enjoys, beyond

in the majestic Parana, and afterwards j; any other portio. of the same cotu c t

s veil the waters of the river Plate.

I the above extent of fertile territory,

Dr. Francia is a native ot Paraguay,

and was bred a lawyer. Not fond of soci-

reuara? vveie i;im n i i''. I I'.J I ..1.4.1....

m t ie i- iiuie uouoi iii.it

serves: "AIImuIi th Alncan 1 i?titutnaa it-elf ta';en no part in the measure-

a i .mat-.

r- nl:, 7.r;,

i Era xv. in Ennlarai, its suppn -io,; n w'jieli have hi'cn adopted, and are still in

, he to a Llieat degree eilecteu. j pro .re. t r the miliation and gradual ! i . . i i i . i :

-A Sweden has no loreig j xti eii of ?i iverv I - iae Dt iu-ii coioen

; litfl.. I.lrifil Hi SI.! I ii- Director nave nevcrlae e$ viewed

v n

S v. t.DF.V.

r.r !..,. . l I'!' I t' I

t: i . I .m.'iv. i tae

Vet I. 'dies, herii.vith d-cp loteresl the general t Il g

I r.

r.i.vt have never engaged in the Slave- jj w -ich has !een cxrit d tnr-ughout he

letoaavcu::sidera!de extent. A i - " mi trv on thi -i' .ject, a .1 wadi the

r re. b..w.-ver, of a el found trading ijeannot d-.a'd, uill, in no 1 .ng tame, pro-

i; J,-r t'.e Swedi!i tlag, on the A:ncat ; 1 i- e t ni -t mpoi ta .t a"d lieuiiuaal re , f,,jv led to a decree d ni- '. -nl'. T.ie n.-rie; ee however, w.iien

. r .n-!'-tv, declaring that all Swe j ! Dir a tor hav - ad in w iat nnates to c'iorar;vegian vessels emnlo al in that the regit rati.-;, of -lave-, has satisfactori!)

proved to them, t sat not! won cli ftual I

likadv tone d e fir improvi g tne com

.' " -1 .

.all fa f,:il the protecti !i ot gevr, ir.itl tXTei.-g a wish that er j

i 1 I "the S'vedih and Norwegian (lag i j

t e n--4 ciitnai e! tbi odnai irntnc, tna I !. t c(ril and punished. In addition tIran!; and honorable d. l iratio-.. the S-.v..!;!i monarrli ha al promivd that th ni t rigid orders l. all i given to prevent ;i v frMii.hilftd nroC'ed i ' I r - Til tn-

lion id' that unhappy (la.- of persons while th nece-ar reform-, instead id' being undertaken bv Parliament, are left to the d mini assemblies coiir!s ef policy, or

!eo iM il. The bi?tarv i f the meaurcs

S o regitraf i, i in tht re-peel pann u-

, 1 u Iv intructi e.

The Director n ere al

k ,T place at the Swediii i-laral ot St. Bar-n vs of opinio . and in their hr-t report i

I i ... ... . . . i . vi-,v.

i l.'iiivu ir me j'ui po-e. ui invnn . i i 'i'r e!'ni. practice. Tnr: En'itf.i States. U1 !cr this he. a!, rr.'.eh nii!ai itie:: i xpressed wit ' t' ttr. ;dv recei tlv entered into with Great ii . b uhirh the two govert iii"i;t Inn: i.l !y hind tiean-elve t treat SlaveTr di -g by ai v of their subjects, under Ti y siag, or in aav part of the w arid, as p;, v. t i a gratifving circumstance,''' i r"p rt. -t'eat the two greatest t i ntiiin-" li.alio ,s in the world sliould s I if erner,.niie their maratime pride, as to;a-i t ther for the accompli.-hm"nt of S'f'. a M'rpne" Ar.Bi indEvst Africa. In S'pt m : r. I u22. the Imaum of Mucate e tered : a treaty with tiie British gover"or of t ida al ,,i .Mauritius, by wlfuh the Imaui, c age to abolish the foreign Slave Lad" lorcyerin his domi ioi:s; to order tn- sr ;7-,rt. , f rut vt-sseU attemjding the f rej.ji. Slave 'Trade, and to m iz at d ,r ii sb the captain a d crew as pirate; h I'U .i-h ail persons ervi;:g on board ships c";di :g i,' laves, who do not give ii.for'I'dtM, t'.,,t thev have la-enslave dealing; J'.' r 'nni Biitih Consul to reside within J ;- 1 niiuioiis and to causr to be appre1;' f''h l any Briti-h sub'u a ts who mav at-

'tiijil the. traffic; and to authorise British j

':rih:!'i'3 to ' and treat as thev would r"i!i-!i ships, ail Arab vesel that may be J 1 eh'.n vvilfi slaves, if bound to anv

ii i iii , l

"h Ui-

''n. i-ii.x 'hap, hitoerlo the great slave

ni - m tual e i n ter7 i d i-a; ( KH. Radama, the King of n.a ;,.-r ar. appears to have faithfully f'x,, ,j;r -d iiis e;aag' iii( uds with tiie British i v. r :e a.l, and to have supue?ed all ' 'Trading in his dominions. Tiie '' i -h id tiie i-land, however, does not bel" g to him. To the north is a chief who ' s not acktiowledge bis authority ; but be Marl marched an army to bring him into

taat siihi t thev tullv expressed it, tt at

i the work. if left to the colonial legislatures, j would pr- Inn: no otln-r result, as exeeri ance Ii is s-.ovvn, that ostensible and impt lant laws.'

The l..ii.iui(UH, ofthe Iniroim of Mticnt r M..tr it,i-nd.rari not n.cn-lv tin- detrirt an-und the city ! ft- nt in r du i. t ilt an riuiive trart on the aeni -o et of trifa. Muscat i the mot con-fctdi-r-d.' - :i rt n'l tin- raft roa-t id" Arabia. It c .r'ii -'n an ctrn-iv- tr idi; with the British t ib-ia' t- in In n the Mara (.fiiinuta, the Red Si a aid r.at Alric a . Th- cv rrinn nt of t Inioinii more ii'iz d than that of any oth r

! rincr. dh Tin l t r-ia or Ar ila

Jl ii-fc's Hazctlccr.

of hi d-n:inions. This treaty, n .! , lii i , 1 1 ii cvtwrt-i t n m of slaves

') ctioa: and if he surceed,the export of slav., will alo be prevented from that

quarter. A'tAiraTius. The Slave Trade at the fl I a ....

iHanu oi .dauriiiiis has been kept in check

uligsiucecsf the British naval oOkersJ

Froru the London Maniin: rhr.'iurle, August 3-3 PARAGUAY. We this day lav before our readers an interesti g sketch (.f the present state ol Paraguav-, which may be considered the more curious frm the very little intercourse which has taken place with that secluded portion of the New World, since its I (dependence was declared. The materials from which these details are derived are in our own possession; consequently we can v ucli for their correctness. We shall avail ourselves of another opportunity to publish the correspondence between the Brazilian Emperor and the Government of Paraguay, alluded to in the latter

(part of our sketch, as. being extremely illustrative of the principles by which the

! latter is actuated.

The independent stale of Paraguay, situated on the river Parana, between Peru. Chili and Brazil, and comprehending all those immense and luxuriant tracts of laid which strf tch.East and West from Brazil, nearly aCar as the Andes mountains, is divided into six departments viz: Santiago, r...r.r.iinn. Villaieal. Curuguatia, Can-

dclaria, and Assumption. This valuable portion of country, constituting the heart of South America, and rendered memorable by the labours ofthe Jesuits and writings of Charlevoix, Muratori, and Aeara, has always been represented as a perfect garden, and its inhabitant as the happiest -ace in the whole Southern hemisphere. They are extremely lend of their own couiilrv, laborious, bteady in their pursuits,

of Paraguay. Rafts of timber for the con

s'jinpfi a of Buenos Ayres, and used for ! u-ec ship building,are brought down the rivers ; a a oceu pation that formerly employed a great number of Indians, extremely ! xierou in this ki d of labour. The country ah. ii -d i-. cattle, and is intersected bv several ofthe finest rivers in America, iad -ludded with lakes. Amidst the gen-

h ral waste and destruction occasioned bv

the war,in the herds, which formerly were abundant in the contiguous provinces, those of the Paraguayans alone have been preserved and increased. Most of the

; g."'t'n known in Europe are successfully j raised in Paraguay , besides a variet y of native ones. Fruits of various kinds are ai hnad.-inf. so that the inhabitants live at

jea ', with few wants surrounded by pbn -jl,and in the possession of a country that I has always been represented as the Arcadia of tiie New World. Peace, union and ' concord, reign among them, and Patriots, in the true se nse of the word, have no wish- , M0 ambition beyond the welfare of I heir beloved native land. I Educated in the most regular habits,

thoughtful, contented, and leading a quiet, and pastoral life, the inhabitants of Paraguav, a soon as the disturbances commenced in Spa?n, in the y ear 1808, watched the co sequences those sudden changes were likely to produce upon other portions of the continent to which they belonged. Owing to their peculiarly secluded si tuat inn, thev earlv saw that they could expect no further aid and protection from the mother country. wboe affairs soon afterwards became greatly involved ; yet, at the same time, anxious to avoid all those ev'l by which revolutions art; usually attended, they saw the necessity of considering in what wav they could best steer clear ofanarchv, and administer their own cor corns, without heir g dependent upon their neighbours, or embroiled in their quarrels. Inlluenced by the just principle of self-preservation, and unattended by the smallest political commotion, a meeting of the principal inhabitants was convened and assembled, when their situation was fairly laid

before them, and discussed, and upwards of one thousand Deputies unanimously declared in favor of a total independence, and, as it were, political seclusion, in which state thev have remained ever since. They further resolved that the government should be confided to that person among them, who, from his virtues and knowledge, should be found most deserving ofthe public confidence; hut, in order to avoid the conflict of two parties, headed bv two individuals, equally entitled to this distinction, they determined to elect Dr. Francia arid M. Vegross, Joint Governors. These two persons, for seme time, administered the affairs of Paraguay jointly, each having a seperate district, and 'commanding an equal force; till, in the course of time, the inconvenience of this plan was felt, and the ascendancy of Dr. Francia having, in the mean while, increased, at a second meeting of the inhabitants, he was elected sole governor a comma, d he has held ever since, revered and beloved by the people

... . . i M

j the Paraguayans unite nearly all the pro- ety, and rich enough to live with ease ana , duetions ofthe universe, and those of Bra-;, independence, previous to the revolution, zil, the Phillippine Islai ds and Cuba, are j he remained retired on his own estate in ! particularly suited t .their climate. Tneir the country, principally devoted to study; ! productions are ricli a d various, and their 1 his purs its gave him a reputatio for forests abound with valuable woods, gums ,. learning beyond any of his countrymen ja; d resins, entirely unknown in the mar-!' an d his virtuous and moral cot duct, added Ikets of Europe. " Their principal com- ' to his stern probity and known disinter j merce h'as hitherto been in tobacco - and jj estedness. Mr cqui'tily sec ured their cont Para nay tea a herb in general use thro- Ij fubece. Gradually Dr. Francia has conioutaU the neighbouring states, a:d rouse- , solidated hi power, ad without any of j que!, llv ia great demand. Cotton, hides, i the appendages or expenses ef state, he ; ; , lirrn s.nr ir f:iltow. fr:irnii' blood, and ! exercises the duties ot fn st magistrate, and

rin : arnvware aEo amongthe productions j his ordersare obeyed through-nt the whole

territory the instant they are receivcu. -Justice is his guide, a? d he derives o em olument from his administration. II' sees to every thing himself: purcascs t) e bdhing and arms for the militia, settles disputes, grants passports, and,it. short, superintends each department of government, everv thing being conducted o. the most simple and economical s ale He has o

favorites no enemies and, by a lairv impartial demeanour, be stai ds ut in cached i the opinionsof his feUow-cou: trymei after governing them for a number rl years. Strictly confining themselves to their own territorial limits, and intent ot ly on keeping their rights and property unimpaired, for the last 14 years the Paraguayans have bad no external enemies, t or a as their tranquility been once interrupted.Tbu concentrated within themselves,1 eir countrv has served as ar; asylum fa loose Hving from desolation and civil war in the surrout ding provinces, by which, means their numbers have been considerably increased. Emigrants have tlockcd thither from Corrier tis, Tu umae. ai d Bu ! os Avres: but more particularly fn m the eastern bank ofthe river Plata at the ?ime il was desolated by Artigas, w' o eve. uallv fell into the hands ofthe Paraguayans, by whom he isstill kept a prisoner. T ; se fugitives carried with them the pivnedy they were ahle to collect in their ow- provinces,and having thus found a secure asylum, they adopted the habitsof the'n benefactors, and devoted themselves to the pursuits of industry . By this mea s .: d the advantages of peace, and a regular mode oflife, the population of Paraguay is increased in a manner unexamph d.Numerous tribes of L dians, who fonidy refused to submit to the restraints of civilized life, and wandered aboul without any xod residence, have also been blcded to t general mass, and beer me useful n ernrsof society. According to the lat census, taken in the year 1822, the population of Paraguav amounted to uiu ar ! of 500.000 souls. ' Tney have 30,:.00 Mined militia, occasionally ex- n isen. a I y called into the field in case ofa: exit real attack. Their regular arrned force consists of three small vessels of war. i te ded for the defence ofthe rivers a d four legions of volui teers, of 2.000 men ear h, paid only whilst on duty. T is armed force- is commanded by Dr. Francia, and the military regulnt'ua s er acted by Marshal Beresford in Portugal have been adopted in Paraguay . to be concluded kkxt week. For Sale or to Rent, A HANDSOME FRAME SHOP. hpmHv "tw, situated on Front-ftnrt, m-ar thr corner of Main. 'Rie ehop is suitable-far -m mcrhunii . The subcri-r would prefer Hdlinp; it 'I't-rm will be reasonable. LEVI H. JOHNSON. Richmond, Nov. 10, 1824. 36 3t. PRODUCE. The following article of country Produce ill Im taken in pa rucnt for Hibscrintione to tiie I rrrn, viz: Wu-at ite Oat-Corn Bicon I aic s;,, .-, riinar!.? Hc-wax Tallow Cat.di. ! .x..v,.i Linen Hags, ici ic. ta b dz

itV rce ;e

eflice.'

Juno 18, taU.