Public Leger, Volume 1, Number 35, Richmond, Wayne County, 6 November 1824 — Page 1

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fjlixrtu AND I LI5LlSMfc.D KVLKY .SATURDAY UY

EDMUXD S. BUXTON, V.-. di sired, opposite the Richnon'l Hotel.

the riiici: of this papkii

s TV' IViiar-; for fifty-two rinn;ber, !.. Ik p:iil in ... i.'icc: Tv. Dulhn ami Fifty Cents if paid

vcM.iU n.c Vi ar, or i nn o uonars, n not paid bot"rv tl.t eviration of thf year-. j.aynu'iit in mlv ;nce btuncto the mutual interest of both parties, i a t Kio.ls is solicited.

Ho j.i:Hcnpti-'ii taken for les than fix months, and I ti paper t'.iscontiuued until all arrearages are nut. A r 1 1 j ro to notify a discontinuance at the rxnirauonof tf.e tuno subscribed lor, will Le considered a now nc';en:r lit. f L't'ers to tkc Editor must have the posters u; te$ no e eilcnitd !q.

rillEXDLY TO THE BEST PURSUITS OF MAN,

FRIENDLY TO THOUGHT, TO FRCEflpy, AND TO PEACE." CoiipCV.

CHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER C, 1824.

nave been divided at about a third oi

length. At the front nf (ho Kill llirtr ti'if li

the pyramid before us, and many smaller ones at our feet, wc sat down tn rrmtfm-

I plate the scene of ancient wonders

VOLUME .

; TERMS OF ADVERTISING. j ' Tifteni lirtfs, or le'', for three insertions One Dolla r each continuance Twenty-five cent". J.irtr advertisements in the fame proportion.

S.x

Lon-

MEXICO. onthi in Mexico.- By William Bullock.

I don, 1824. tvo. pp. 5!0. CONCLUDED FROM LAST WEEK. "We regained our horses, and an hour brought us back to Tezcuco, greatly fatigued indeed, but more lamenting the little time we had been able to give to the most interesting place we had visited and which is not a little extraordinary, appears to have been unnoticed by the Spanish writers at the conquest, in whom it probably excited as little interest as it does in the present inhabitants of the city of Mexico, not one of whom could I find who had ever seen or even heard of it. What a subject for contemplation does this collection oi ruins present to the reflecting mind! The seat of a powerful monarch, whose subjects (if we may judge from their works). were probably an enlightened people, existing and existing long before the continent of America was known to Europe. and yet a people whose customs, costume. religion, and architecture, strongly resembled those of an of an enlightened nation of Africa. which may be said to have ceased to exist twenty centuries before this

continent was discovered. Who solve this difficulty?

"After a vain inquiry for the celebrated pyramids of the Sun and Moon, or of St. Juan de Teotihuacan, we set off for Otumba. in the expectation of finding them near that place; a ride of two hours over a fine country, on which the number of handsome Spanish churches and haciendas exceeds that of any part of Mexico through which I had yet travelled. We arrived at the

commencement of the mountains on which there was not a vestige of vegetable soil or vegetation, the whole being a soft iron colored stone, in which the continual passing of horses, had worn deep tracks up to the animal's knees, and not more than fourteen inches wide, in which tracks it is very requisite to keep, in order to save the travellers from a worse road. "We had thunder all the afternoon, and towards evening it rained in torrents, so that the dry beds of the rivers were in an hour filled, and poured their muddy waters in floods to the Mexican Lake, where depositing the earthly parts, it must in a short time lie filled up. Upon descending the mountain, we first caught a view of the two pyramids on a plain in front of us. at about five or six miles distant, and another hour brought us, drenched with rain, just before dark, into Otumba, the first place reached by Cortez after his defeat. After a stroll round the city, which is said

to have to contained fifty thousand inhabitants, we examined two curious ancient columns, richly sculptured; called upon the Padre, but he could give us no information respecting the pyramids, although they were in full view from the windows of his house. We then left this wretched and deserted place where even the water so bad that necessity alone can induce any person to use it,& proceeded to the stu-pend-uous remains, from which we were now distant about a league and a half. As we approached them, the square and perfect form of the largest became at every step more and more visibly distinct, and the terraces could now be counted. We rode first to the lesser, which is the most dilapidated of the two, and ascended to the top, over masses of falling stone and

ruins of masonry, with less difficulty than we expected. On the summit are the remains of an ancient building forty-seven feet long and fourteen wide; the walls are principally of unhewn stone, three feet thick and eight high; the entrance at the south end, with three windows on each side, and on the north end it appears to

where the eye takes in the greater part of the vale of Mexico, its lake and city,

and commands an extensive view of the plains beneath and the mountains that bound the west of the valley. I think there can be little doubt, that these immense structures; which vie with the pyramids of Egypt, were, at the period we are speaking of, in the same state in which they are now; and that it was on ascending one of them that Cortez beheld

the approach of the great Indian army. There is no other eminence near, which

could have answered the purpose; and if these had been objects of veneration, as temples, or places of military strength, of the people, then in use, they would, no

doubt, have been defended, and he would not have been permitted to have approach

ed them. On descending, we partook of

some refreshment we had brought with us,

and our Indian guide procured us, some pulqe, which was very acceptable 1 went to a cottage, close by, in which were several children, almost in a state of nature. I tried to entice them by presents, but could not prevail on them to come near me: they seemed much terrified at our white faces and odd dress. We mounted and rode to the several small barrows that are scattered in various directions round the base of the second, and on the road to the largest pyramid in some places they formed regular streets running east and west.

'Not far from the great pyramid, near

j a gate, lay an enormous stone, with a few sculptured ornaments. It is apparently, of ! great antiquity. A boy, who had followed us, observing that we viewed it with attention,, took my son a little distance j through a plantation, and show ed him an- ' other of great dimensions-, covered with sculpture, with a hole in the top he sup-

i nosed it a stone ol sacrifice.

.O Dew can;;' 4tv ...... .... r.i... i,...

1 gest pyramid, and began to ascend. It

was less dithcult than w e expected, though the whole way up, lime and cement are mixed with fallen stones. The terraces are perfectly visible, particularly the second, which is about thirty-eight feet wide, covered with a coat of red cement, eight or ten inches thick,composed ofs mall pebblestones and lime. In manv places, as vou

ascend, the nopal trees have destroved

Us . j the least information respecting these won-

uenui structures: on asking an old Indian

woman wc met near the pyramids, if she could tell who made them, she replied, "Si Signior, St. Francisco." "The result of this little excursion of three days,has thoroughly convinced rneof the veracity of the. Spanish writers, whose account of the cities, their immense population, their riches, and progress of the arts among the Mexicans, are doubted by those who have never seen the country. I firm

ly believe all that the intelligent and indefatigable Abbe Clavigro has related of his countrymen Had Monsieur de Pauw, or our better informed countryman, Robertson, passed one hour at Tezcuco, Tescosingo, or Huexotia, they would never have

supposed for a moment that the palace of

Montr 2uma, in Mexico, was a clay cottage, or that the account of the immense population was a fiction." We have only to add, that the volume is illustrated with excellent maps, curious engravings, Sic.

POLICE.- MANSION HOUSE. Tithes of London. On Wednesday Mr. M .nkhouse applied to the Lord Mayor for a warrant of distress upon the goods of one of the Society of Friends, for arrears of titb'- due to the Rector of St. Helen'.. The application was made in behalf of Mr. M'Dougall, the lay-impropri-ator of tithes in a verv extensive district, who claimed the sum of 2s. 97. in the pound, under the ActofHenr) VIII. The defendant, according to the custom of the society of which he is a member, refused peremptorially to pay any tithes whatever, except upon compulsion. The Lord Mayor asked whether the right to claim so large a sum as 2.?. 97. in the pound was not questioned? Mr. Monkhouse said, the defendant certainly did not raise any question on the legality of the demand, but refused to pay upon religious grounds. The Lord Mayor said that a similar application

i p:d !. rclii-l lv his predecessor. Mr.

j Monkhouse submitted, that the cases were

essentially different. The Lord Mayor said, the difference was, that in the case which came on before Alderman Heygnte, the defendant objected to pay more than part of the sum demanded; and in the present case the defendant objected to the whole of the demand. The question was, whether the demand was of such a nature that the Lord Mavor ought to enforce it?

Now he (the Lord Mayor") was rlearlv of

the regularity of the steps, but no where opinion that the demand wns not of such

t a nature. It was alleged that the imnro-

j priator was entitled upon a decree made

according to the statute of the 37th of Henry VIII. There was strong reasons for believing that this decree never was enrolled. Mr. Monkhouse submitted, that

as the decree was inserted officially in the j statute-book, it ought to be acted upon.

j. ne ijnu iiiiiyor saia mere was a possibility cf interpolation. At all events there

was a very strong presumption that the clergy had not always considered themselves warranted in putting the act in force, sinceit had been only recently acted upon. Mr. Holder stated, that until the mayoral

ty of Alderman Hey gate, the statute had been invariable acted upon by the Magistrate:. The Lord Mayor said it was not for bin to lay an unreasonable tax upon a citizen, without proof that he was absolutelf u ind to do so by the law. Mr. Monkaouse said the church must be supported. The Lord Mayor was decidedly of opinion, that the way to support the

church was not by making demands of

this tttture demands which were calculated to pull the church down. Exactions rf the kind would, he feared, rather increase the number of its enemies. Mr. Monkhouse observed, that by whomsoever the tithes were received, they were appli-

I ed for the church, and it was to be supposed for its benefit. Mr. Monkhouse said, ! that if his Lordship did not think proper to issue his warrant for the demand of 25.

97. in the pound, perhaps he would deem the payment of some smaller sum equitable, and issue any warrant upon it. The Lord Mayor refused to issue any warrant whatever. ( The city of.London had denied the justice of the demand, and directed the city law officers to advocate the cause of the individual alluded to, and the case was now before the Lord Chancellor. The impropriator might, his Lordship added, seek relief in such a quarter. What a number of years might elapse before a decision could be obtained! In the mean time, the church might starve, The Lord May-

injured the general figure of the square,

which is as perlect, m this respect, as the great pyramid of Eg p. We every where observed broken pieces of instruments like knives, arrow and spearheads, of obsidian, the same as tfiose found on the Fmall hills

t Cliollula; and on reaching the summit, we

found a Hat sui lace of considerable ize, but which has been much broken and disturbed. On it was probably a temple or other building report says a statue covered with g!d. We rested some time on the summit, enjoying one of the finest prospects imaginable, in which the city of Mexico is included. Here I found fragments of small statues and earthenware, and, w hat surprised me more, oyster shells, the first that I had seen in Mexico they are new species, and I have brought specimens home. In descending, I also found some ornamental pieces ofearthenware,the pattern, of one of which is in relief, much re

sembling thoseof China; the other has a grotesque human face. On the northeast side, at about halfway down, at some remote period, an opening has been attempted. This should have been from the south to the north,and on a level w ith the ground or only a few feet above it; as all the remains of similar buildings have been found to have their entrances in that direction. Doct. Oteyza; who has given us the measure of these pyramids, makes the base of the largest six hundred and forty-five feet in length, and one hundred and seventyone in perpendicular height. I should certainly consider,that the latter measurement is considerably too little, and that the altitude is about half the breadth. As to the age of the pyramids, and the people by whom they were erected, all must be a matter of mere conjecture ; no one whom I could meet with in Mexico knew or cared any thingabout them. None of the inhabitants had ever been to sec them, though, from the cathedral, both of them, as well as Tescosingo, containing the bath of Montezuma, are distinctly visible. Yet no person in the neighbourhood could give tne

or said the Lord Chancellor was now af preaching the probable close of his career, and would be naturally anxious to expedite business. The Court of Chancery was, however, it must be owned, a little dilatory. He went up himself with a petition from Christ's Hospital, seven teen years ago, and it was not yet decided upon; a:d the other day he took 900.

j less than he was entitled to upon an award

rattier than leave a Chancery suit as a legacy to his children. Mr. Monkhouse begged to know what course the impropriator ought to take? The Lord Mayor

i recommended that the clcrcv should make

an amicable arrangement with their par ishioners, by reducing the demand to a reasonable sum. Mr. Monkhouse said, that composition was a pernicious prece dent. The Lord Mayor was quite of an opposite opinion. If the clergy insisted upon, and were successful in obtaining their claim, which he did not think probable, it ought to be revived with all the conditions it was granted. Now it was well known that the clergy at that time main tained the poor, and repaired the church, out of the tithes they received. The act of Elizabeth, by appointing another mode? of relief for the poor w ho had been deprived of support by the dissolution of the monasteries, relieved the clergy of the charge. It was his opinion that this act had never been acted upon originally, and never was intended to be acted upon. Mr. Monkhouse well, my Lord, if you will not grant a warrant for any reduced sum, you w ill at least grant a summons. The Lord Mayor No; I really can do neither the one nor the other. I am the last man in the world who would persecute a Quaker. Perhaps there may be some little bias upon my mind on the subject, for my ancestors were Quakers, who were greatly persecuted at their native place, Warten, near Lancaster, for not paying tithes EMPIRE OF BRAZIL. From a Pamphlet lately published at Pan. "The Empire of Brazil contains in extent more than two millionssquare leagues; its limits are not yet properly defined, but the most natural ones are those of the rivers Plate and Amazons. It is divided into 19 provinces, and its population equal to four millions of souls, 844,000 of whom arewhites, 42G,000 free mulatoes, 259,400 Indians, and 1 59,500 free blacks. The re-

jmainderof the population consists of 1,-

930.000 slaves. With a government of her own, Brazil w ill soon possess a national navy. Nearly 1,200 leagues of the coast, the navigation of the Amazons and river Plate, the best ports in the universe immense interior navigation, supurb fishe ries a geographical position the most enviable, and also the most durable materials for the construction of vessels, are amor g the advantages which must render Brazil the most imposing maratimc state in the southern hemisphere. Monopolies alone had hitherto prevented the developement of these resources, and now monopolies no longer exist. In all the towns schools, for

teaching of the first rudiments are to be found. The Lancastcrian system is also in use. In all the large towns, masters of Greek and Latin, and professors ofphilosophy, rhetoric, geometry, chemistry, &c. are established. Rio Janeiro, has a handsome museum, a school for engineers and a naval college. Botany and mineralogy are also taught. There are public libraries at Bahia and Janeiro, and printing offices throughout all Brazil. Bahia has schools of medicine and surgery, and Pernambuco a botanical garden. The Brazilian army is composed of about 30,000 regulars and 50,000 militia; distributed, G,000 regulars, and 15,000 militia at Rio Janeiro, '3,000 regulars and 22,000 militia at Bahia, 8,000 regulars at Rio Grande. The remaining 10,000 regulars anp 1 5,000 militia arc scattered amongother provinces The Brazillian navy is already composed of 30 vessels of all sizes. The revenue of Brazil in 1822, was equal to 60,743,586 francs; and in 1823 to 94,721,900, francs. Brazil has no public debt, for, although her financial returns present one of thirty millions of cruzados,they alsoembrace a credit of thirty-three millions. Brazil besides possesses immense advantages, which enable the government to dispense with loans, or furnish it with the means of reimbursing them. These consist in the sale of

I'UUlll, lUliUSl

Marriage is a feast where the grace is sometimes better than tho dinner.

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