Public Leger, Volume 1, Number 8, Richmond, Wayne County, 1 May 1824 — Page 1

I XUMBER 8. RICHMOND, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, SATURDAY, MAY 1, 1824. VOLUME .

if i crJ-

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From the Cincinnati Literary Gazttte.) ON THE ANCIENT STATE OF LETTERS IN ENGLAND. There was a lime in this kingdom, when letters were so low that whoever could prove himself, in a court of justice, able to read :i verse in the New Testament, was vested with the highest privileges; and a clemvman, who knew any thing of grammarl was looked upon as a prodiirv. In t i lose e n 1 i n h t e n e d d ay s , a re c to r o f a pa ri s h , we are told, coin? to law w ith his parishioners about" paving the church, quoted tills authority as from St. Peter paveant illi, non pavcam e;To; which he construed, the v me to pave the church, not 1: and thi was allowed to he good law by a judge, who was an ecclesiastic too. Alfred the Greatcompl lined, towards the ninth centurv, that from the llumber to the Thames tbero'wasnota priest, who understood the Liturtrv in his mother-tongue, or could translate the ea?b-t piece of Latin:' and a correspondent -f Abe-lard, about the middle of the t vv hth, complimenting him upon a resort of pupils from all countries, says, that "even Britain, distant as she was, bent her savers to h- instructed by him. If the deriiy had then, a they are said to have had, all the learning among themselves, what a : 1 s.-ed state mibt the laity, have been in? And so indeed it appears: fur there is extant an old act of parliament, which provides, that a nobleman sk'ill be entitled to tlte lav ft of his clergy even though he cannot rend: arid another law, cited bv Jude Roll's in his Abridgement, sets forth, that "the command of the sheriff to his officer, by word of mouth, and without writing, is good; for it may be, "that neither the sherilfnor his r dicer can write or read. Who can sa, that such halcvon times may not return! When we contemplate the ignorance and dissipation of the great, whom the little are sure to follow: when we consider not only their neglect, but even contempt, of letters; their gambling, ar.d low amusements; their luxury; the avarice, meanness, and selfishness, which prevail' arr.ong tl.em when we consider all this, and nxre, can we forbear to exclaim, that si p following signs lead on the mighty year! "

Many charters are vet etant, whf re pernr. of pr.tt en.ir.pR,-irf r yen kineshavc airifi t h siit ot th tro, tf-caiiT i.ot able to write or read whence the tera cf nrin-:, instead of subicnbing. CONGRESSIONAL. IJm: rf Rfpracntitkcj, March 19. Report of the committee on agriculture, upon the subject of increasing the duties upon articles of foreign growth or manufacture. I he committee on agriculture, to whom "was reft Tied the resolution of the house of reprecntativc, iiti iK ting them to inquire it an increase of the duty now established by law, on any ai tide of foreign growth or manufacture, will be for the interest of the agriculturist, and if there be any such article, to nau.e the same, together with the additional amount of the duty which they de m bei x ta ial to the agricultural interest, resp'-afully submit the following report: 1 hat, in the apprehension of your committee, whatever increases the" consumption of its products, whether at home or ahioad,ne rsvarilv advances the interest of agriculture. He' who cultivates, the soil, looks be vond the supply of his own wants br the prof:! of hi, labor. He looks to a market lor tlie Mil plus products of his in-ir-try. The home market, in the opinion cd the committee, is at all times to be prelerred to the fon ig,, market, when the regard ot agricultural pursuits is equal the former is less precarious than the lat-l,-r; it is, aho, mure permanent and cer

tain, and above the reach of restraining and prohibitory duties of foreign hostility; and, when the home market can be increased in its demands, without diminishing in a greater degree the foreign consumption, it would seem wise and prudent to promote its extension by every rational means within the sphere of legislation. Your committee consider the increase of duties on many foreign articles now imported into the U. S. would promote the agricultural prosperity of the nation. A portion of population engaged in manufactures, would necessarily depend on the far

mer for subsistence, and create a more perfect and profitable division of labor than now exists. A new market would be opened, and a new demand created, for all the raw materials which new manufactures would consume. It cannot be denied, that if all the manufactured articles now consumed by the people of the U. States, were manufactured within the bounds of our country, from the raw material furnished by ourselves, the value of our lands would be increased, and the profits of agricultural labor considerably augmented. Demand and consumption would be directly extended a great extent of soil, now devoted to the growing of products that allbrd no sufficient stimulus to cultivation. The soil and climate of the U. S. arc capable of producing the various articles necessary tor such manufacturing establishments as will most naturally flourish in this country, and of such as would inevitably be consumed, provided manufacturing labor should be extended. Uy a comprehensive and rigorous system ot policy, calculated to tinfold our agricultural resources.ii spirit of emulation and industry would be dilfin-ed over the land: a vast and active system of internal exchange would rise up; the expense of transportation in heavy articles

j would be, in a great measure, saved; and, ! in fact, that which should he ardently wish-

ed for, in every agiiruJtural country, a home market, would appear; this, too, would prove a marke t at once various, in

j point of demai d, but sure, steady, and un-

; chancing. The policy, the caprice, the ; selfishness, and the hordilitv of-other na

tions could not ethct it. On this point, therefore, the committee cannot entertain

''any doubt. The extension of domestic

manufactures, depending on the production of such raw materials as can be found

, in thi country, mu-t increase the demand

! and consumntion of those materials, and of

A course secure anew and ready market. As to the articles of foreign growth, to which an increase of duty should apply, in order to promote the prosperity of 0111 ag-

I riculture, trie committee need onlv remark, I that, if the principles w hich they advance be sound, the duly should embrace every

j raw material found or procured w ith ease

and cheapness and in abundance in the U. States. The committee have confined, themselves to the home market, in the brief view which they have presented. The questiun how far the increase of this home market, hy an increase of duty on foreign articles, would effect the demand of our agricultural products abroad, leads to a

j new train ot considerations. The first in

quiry which naturally occurs on this point i, what are the inducements w ith foreign nations to purchase the productions of our soil ? what their motives? what the moving causes of the market which they extend I Is their policy founded on favor, reciprocity, self-interest or necessity ? On this subject, there is little ground' for difference of opinion. Foreign nations act not for us, but for themselves. Favor, and even reciprocity, form no basis for their measures towards us beyond the compassof bare expediency. They will consume our rawmaterials when they cannot do better; when they can.they w ill not consume them. When the consumption of our agricultural products comes in contact with any principle of political economy, applicable to their ow n condition, a hostile tariff meets us at their shores. Hence, the foreign market, fur the fruits of our soil, depends but little on the sale which foreign manufactures find in this country: and whether we purchase more or less, foreign nations will graduate their policy towards u, by a standard independent, of any general system of duties which we may adopt; at least, so it appears to your committee. How long would Great Britain purchase our cotton if her own colonies could supply her demands? How many nations would consume any article that is cultivated by the American agriculturalist, if they could find their demand supplied on better & more advantageous conditions, by home

industry? These questions are answered 1 by their proposition; it is, therefore, the opinion of the committee, that the foreign market for our agricultural products, and for the staple articles of our exports, in the shape of raw materials, will not be essentially affected by any increase of duty on those foreign manufactures which are composed of similar materials. : As to the amount of duty which should be imposed, it must always depend upon a variety of considerations; which need not be detailed ; it should be sufficient to secure the exclusive and constant demand of our raw materials, and to sustaia the American manufacturer in his pursuits; it

i must be competent to bunld up and protect j those manufacturing establishments at present in the country, and which, with a rea- ; sonable encouragement, will present aeon-

stant demand for those raw materials. In fact, as to the .articles of foreign growth or manufacture, which should be taxed in order to increase our agricultural prosperity, your committee would refer, generally, to the tariff now before the house. The

committe do not perceive the necessity of

selecting any articles, or of imposing any duties, beyond those embraced by that bill.

HAYTI. It appears as if some proceedings were going on that have for their purpose an

j acknowledgment of the independence of

; Hayti, by I ranee; which the latter had j I etter do, for the sake of coming in for a share of the trade the repossession of the ; Island being a thing not to be hoped for. , On this subject the "Propagatcur llayti'

snv j " Private letters confirm the intelligence ! that a committee has been instituted, with j M. Laine at its head, to regulate the amount of indemnities and the treaty of commerce which France may propose to Hayti, previously to the recognition of the independonee of the Island. M. Laine has always ! shewn the most pacific and conciliatory i intentions in our f; i our. It appears, then, ! that equitable and mild sentiments towards

'the republic of Hayti, begin to prevail in

I nc councils ot It. 11. ilinstain majesty. u is po-sjhle that France, apprised of the resolute determination of the Havtien people to repel all attacks, of their unanimity, and energy of their chief, w ill rather appeal to negotiation than the sword. The acknowledgment of our independence would be a concession that would place us at once in the rank of the sovereign nations of the earth. That France should, for this benefit, seek to obtain advantages in her favour, is what we are to expect. It remains to be seen whether her proposals will be compatible with our interests, our honour and our future security. This is the question w hich the w isdom of our political chief must resolve, and he will resolve it, doubtless, suitable to our 7ory and his." JS'iles,

From On fnJjntia Gazette. REPORT Or THE Co.MMITTLL OF WAYS AND Mr.ANS. Tukmc all thr fonxoing 5tat im iit ami cireuruMnnr jno coni3 ration, the financial situatiuu ol the state is as follow viz: Kirst The state cf the Triarury.

Amount of money in the Treasury, lit January, 18.-1. Specie ... Second. The Pulhc Ddt Amount of the public debt, lt January, 1J24. viz : to the U. State?, nijn of the Vmcennei back. Principal Interest

4,l5.!i

27,0-14 19 1,873 17

In June 1816, when the seat of government was fixed by the Convention at Corydon, in Harrison county, 23 citizens of that county, executed their joint bond for the sum of 8,000 dollars, payable 6 month after date to the Governor, for tho use of the state. 221 dollars only appear to have been paid. The balance, with interest, is still due. The Convention recommended that the proceeds of this bond, should be appropriated by the Legislature, to the purchase of books for a public library. By the act of Congress authorizing the state government, a donation was made to the state of 4 sections of land, on which to fix the seat of Government The land was accordingly selected and the town of Indianapolis thereon established. In Oc tober, 1821, a public sale of lots took place, the terms of which were, one fifth of the purchase money in hand, and the residue in four equal annual instalments. So me out lots and timber have frlnce been s ld. The following is an account of the j iroceedings. The Indianapoli Atrency in accouir wjtb the State of Indiana. DEBTOR.

1821. To 314 town lots sold at the Cotn'rs. gale 182-2. One out lot old bj Carr agent 44 Timber do. IC23. Amount paid by Milroy to Morris, agent w Two out lots sold by do. do. 44 Timber do. Interest for non-pay ments : according to Morris' report to House of Representatives this sessiou

35,5 xj 05 80 ro 44 00 200 00 2'i3 00 13 37

Amount to be accounted for by the Agencr, IGth Dec. 1823, CREDIT.

By cash received from Carrt agent do. do. do. Milroy, agent, including $200 paid Morris, afvnt Cah received from do. Discount fur payments in

nuvancc, accord ins: to

1821. 1822.

1823.

1.304 C4 $37,591 80

,$2J,573 4$

8,003 00 t oo 00

1,367 40 1,611 59

Morn;

rep

ortto II. of K.

431

balance

r5 46

Doll?. 37,V I CO The proceed arising frcm the t-ah of lots at the seat Government, arc subject to the f dlowing charge : For tho purpose oferecting a huiMin;: at Indianapoli for the ue of the Lecil;ture and tin- tourtt ofjnstice, a donation was ium'Ip to Marion county bv the Legislature at their 6tl sr3ion, of - $C,000 00 For completing thebuildinr, another donation has been tuadc the present Ssion,of - 5,t?0G 55

From which deduct amount heretofore paid

13,990" 00

55

Road and canal fund: principal Interest

Treasury notes in circulation, Principal Lstimated Interest

Seminary Fund Frederick K;tpp Overpayments - - OcUtandinj: warrants Third. The credits of the State. Amount due for Taxes from colleet -r, &c. and from former Treaurer, tt Jan. 1324, iz : From collector, and from cotintie which have forwarded no duplicates; after deducting $6,000 for the probable amount of delinquent litsnot yet returned, & for debts considered desperate From former Treasurer

J00 00 5,'JOO 00 10,534 400 00 1034 00 771 f 5,000 OO lli:l s?!t '2,157 IK)

Balance due, payable out of the Indianapolis s;iles from which alonr, these donation ;ire authorized to be paid 8,041 tS By the art of Congress authorizii-ir the state jrovornment, 3 per cent, of the nett proceeds of the sales of U. State lands in Indiana, from the L-t. Dec. lClti, ,t reserved for Roads and Canals within the state, according to the direct iin of the Le:iIature. At the 4th sr-ion of tho Let;i.-lature, the Governor was authorized to receive 10,000 dollars of the fn.nd. :.. d nav the same or a part, to the J ;!

i 3;;viIJe Canal Company. At their tUh v sa J" jj sion, the LeJaturo appropriated 100,1m 3

! dollars thereof, for the. opening of c rtaia specified roads within tho state, and :f ; pointed an aent to receive and pay ti e

money, as the law prescribed. The following is an account of the three per cent, fund. Tim ltoad and Canal Atrenry, in account with the State of Indiana. DEBTOR. 1820. To amount recti ed from the United Statea by Goernor Jcnumtrs - 10,000 00 1822. Am't. received from the U. States by Harnson, a?ent I,f C0 IC IC23. do. do. 17,857

50.407 30

:i,069 '0

20,0:15 19 1,034 00

In addition to the proceeding views which have been taken of the financial concerns of the state, it may be proper for the committee, before they conclude, to state some other circumstances relative to the subject.

Dolls. Amount in the hand of TTarrion, aem, 1st December, CREDIT. 1820. Uy am't. paid J ir. r-onville Canal Com'n. by CJovcrn&f Jennings Ain't, deposited hy same, in Hank Vin's. and Corydott branch

Am't. paid by Harrion, a gent to Road Com'rs. Agtut' pay to 11 Jan. 1023

Dalance

tX),487 30 $7,450 03 5,000 00 5,000 00 10,000 00 4?,72r 91 yol ;J6 4l,o: 27 7,-! 03

$00,437 30