Pike County Democrat, Volume 31, Number 34, Petersburg, Pike County, 28 December 1900 — Page 7

The Important Dates of the Nineteenth Century > in Foreign Countries Compiled by WEIGHT A. PATTERSON. Copyright, WOO, A. K. Kellogg Newspaper Co

1801. Jan. 1—Legislative union established between Great Britain and Ireland. Feb v—Treaty of peace between France and Austria. March 21—French army in Egypt finally defeated by English. March 24—Emperor Paul of Russia assassinated. May 9—St. Domingo republic founded by Toussaint. 1802. March 27—Treaty of peace signed at Amiens between France and England. May 19—French Legion of Honor Instituted by Napoleon. Aug. 2—Napoleon elected first consul of France. First electric light with carbon points produced in England. 1803. May IS—England declared war against France. Aug. 9—Robert Fulton started his first steamboat on the River Seine in France. It was only partially successful. 1S04. Aug. II—Francis II., emperor of Germany, ! abdicated to become emperor of Austria. 8ept. 1—Planet Juno discovered by M. Harding. It is 2^4,000.000 miles from the earth. Dec. 2—Napoleon crowned emperor of France. 1805. May 26— Napoleon crowned king of Italy at. Milan. Aug. 5—Austria declared war France. Oct. 21—English fleet under Nels stroyed French fleet at Trafalgar. Nelsc killed. Dec. 2—Battle of Austerllts; Russians and Austrians defeated by Napoleon. Dec. 26—Treaty of peace signed between France and Austria at Presburg. 1800. Jan. 23—William Pitt died In England, aged 47. May 16—An “order in council’* Issued by Great Britain declared the whole coast of Europe under blockade. Oct. 14—Napoleon defeated Prussians at Jena. Nov. 21—Berlin decree Issued by Napoleon. It declared a blockade of the Britisn isles, ordered all Englishmen in countries occupied by French troops to be treated as prisoners of war, forbade all trade in English merchandise, and several other things. Dec. 39—Turkey declared war against Russia. 1807. March 25—Abolition of slave trade in England. July 7—Treaty of peace signed between France and Russia at Talsit. Nov. 7—Russia declared war against England. Nov. 11—A British “order in council” Issued that forbade neutral nations to trade with France or her allies except under tribute to England. Dec. • 17—Napoleon’s Milan decree Issued. It forbade trade with England and her colonies, ar.d ordered confiscated every vessel paying tribute or submitting to English, search. 1808. May 5—Charles IV. and son of Spain abdl- * cated in favor of Napoleon. July —Beginning of peninsular war between France and Spain. 1809. March 29—Gustavus IV. of Sweden compelled to abdicate. April —Alliance between England and Austria against

rTance termed. July 5-6 — Napoleon defeated Austrians at Wagram. July 6—Pope Plus VII. captured by order of Napoleon and carried prisoner to Prance. Sept. 17—Treaty of peace between Sweden and Russia signed at Fred

LCBD MILSCJi Born Sept.», 175*.-Killed Oct. *1.1806. CI ICASUilUI. Oct. 14—Treaty of peace between Austria and France signed at Scbonbrunn. Dec. 31—Josephine divorced by Napoleon. 1810. Jan. 6—Treaty of peace between Denmark and France signed at Paris. Feb. 18—Andreas Hofer executed at Man* tua, Italy. March 11—Napoleon and Maria Louisa married at Vienna. July 1—Louis of Holland abdicated at request of Napoleon. Holland annexed to France. Sept. 18—Chili declared its independence of Spain. .iuv. 1—Napoleon’s Berlin and Milan decrees revoked by France. Nov. 19—Sweden declared war against England. 1811. March 20—King of Rome, Napoleon II.,born. July 5—Venezuela declared its independence of Spain. * 1812. May 28—Treaty of peace signed between Russia and Turkey at Bucharest. June 17—“Orders in council" abandoned by England. June 28—Napoleon declared war against Russia. Sept. 7—French defeated Russians at Borodino. Sept. 14—Moscow captured by the French. — 1813. Feb. S—Prussia concluded alliance with Russia and Sweden and declared war against France. ▲ug. 10—Austria declared war against France. Oct. 16, 17, 18—Battle of Lelpslc, battle of '' the nations. Napoleon defeated by the allies. Half a million men engaged. Oct. 19—Retreat of the French army from Russia began. French loss during Rus- • elan campaign, 450,000 men. Dec. 21—Army of the allies, numbering more than 1,000,000 men, began the invasion of France. 1814. Jan. 14—Norway ceded to Sweden by Denmark. March—The allies signed a treaty against Napoleon. March 29—Slave trade in France abolished by proclamation of Napoleon. March M—Paris surrendered to the allies. April 6—Napoleon L of France compelled to abdicate. May 8—Louis XVIII. returned to Paris as king of France. May 30-Treaty of Paris signed between France and allied powers defining boundaries of France at what they had been previous to 1792. June 22—Napoleon abdicated in favor of his Infant son. Nov. 1—Congress of Vienna met to reestablish European boundaries. It concluded its labors and adjourned May 25, 1815. Dec. 7—Marshal Ney, of France, executed. George Stephenson built his first successful railway locomotive. It t rate or six miles per hour. traveled at the 181B. .—Napoleon returned L 1Elba. to Franoe March from_ June 18—Napoleon met final defeat by Wellington at Waterloo. July 4— Louis XVIII. entered Paris as king o: France. Ju»v 15—Napoleon surrendered to Capt Maitland, of English frigate Bellerophon. Sept. 26—Treaty of the Holy Alliance signed. I—Napoleon arrived at St. Helena.

Nov. 20—Second peace of Paris signed between France and allied powers. 1810. ■ Jan. 12—Family of Bonaparte excluded forever from France by law of amnesty. July 9—Argentine Republic declared its independeneerof Spain. First permanent photograph madie by aid of a camera by Joseph Nicephore Niepce, of Chalons, France. 18lT. ■ Feb. 8—The “Greer^Bag” inquiry began in England. The report of the parliamentary committee jnade on Feb. 19 resulted in the suspension of the habeas corpus act throughoutiyEngland on Feb. 24. lS?18. June 8—Germanic confederation formed. Nov. 17^-Quech Charlotte of England died at Kew. / . \ First percussion caps\nade in England. district of Kutch in India sunk, result of severe earthquake. Two land persons buried. During the yean many thousands perished from the s-ameqtrase lirGenoa, Palermo, Rome 4nd j>#fer cities. -King George III. of England^ it^ftmdsor castle, aged 82. His son rowned as George IV. same day. b. 23—Cato-Street conspirators arrested Fin England. They had attempted the asIsassinaticn of the whole English ministry because of unpopular acts. They s^re executed May l of the same year. 1821. declared its independence of Spain. Iturbide crowned first emFeb. 24AMe m

oo .‘vuguauu . Sept. 24. 1821. | April 6—W a r for Greek independence began against Turkey. [May 6— Napoleon died at St. fielena, , aged '52. e j July 28 — Peru declared its independence of Spain. Ajjg.*7—Queen' Caro

m £j Born Jan. 7.1768.-Died May 6,1821. died of a broken heart. Her husband. George IV.. refused to permit of her coronation as his consort? Sept. 21—Central American states declared their lr dependence of Spain. 1822. Jan. 27—Independence of Greece proclaimed. April 11—Turks massacred 40,000 inhabitants of Chios island, Greece. Sept. 7—Brasil declared its independence of Portugal. Dec. 1—Pedor I. crowned first emperor of Brasil. 1823. March 26—Augustin I. of Mexico compelled to abdicate, and Mexico proclaimed a republic October 4, 1823. April 7—French army entered Spain to restore despotic rule of King Ferdinand. 1824. ___ April 24—Lord Byron died at Missolonghi. Greece. Aug. 4—Bolivia declared its independence of Spain. Sept. 16—Louis XVIII. of France died. 1828. May 29—Count of Artois crowned king of France as Charles X. Dec. 1—Emperor Alexander I. of Russia died. Nicholas L crowned emperor. dis1828. April 30—National guard of France banded. June 22—Conference called by Central and South ‘’American states to determine rights of those states met in Panama. United States sent representatives. * 182T. July 6—Treaty between England. France and Russia signed • at London to secure Greek independence. Aug. 8—George Canning, premier of England. died. Oct. 20—Allied fleet of England, France and Russia annihilated Turkish and Egyptian fleet at the Morea. 182S. April 26—Russia declared war against Tur1820. Apriltt^Roman Catholic relief bill passed Apru is—rtoman uarnonc reuer Dill passed by British parliament. It admitted Catholics to parliament an&to most civil and military offices under the crown. By its passage civil war in England and Ireland w&s Everted. June 27—James L. M. Smithson, founder of Smithsonian institution, died at Genoa Italy. o Sept. 14—Treaty of peace signed between Russia, and Turkey in which Greek Independence was acknowledged. 1830. June 36—King George IV. of England died. He was succeeded by his brother.

wiiiiam iv. July 27 — Beginning French of second revolution. Aug. 2—Charles X. of France abdicated. Louis Philippe, duke of Orleans, crowned Icing Au- , gust 9. Aug. 20 — Belgium’s revolution against Holland began in , Brussels. Sept. IB — Liverpool

*r/// 'sTS* r 'SZS «auvuc9ier wiif of wELLutiToti railway, first of Born April SO, lTCA-Died English rail- “• ■“ N^a^&uXS?: olutlon against Russia began. Dec. 17—Gen. Bolivar, hero of South American independence, died. Dec. 26—Belgium’s independence acknowledged by allied powers. 1831. Sept. 7—Warsaw surrendered to Russia and Polish revolution crushed. Oct. 9—President Count John Capo d’Istrla of Greece assassinated. Greece erected into constitutional monarchy by allied powers and Otho crowned king May 7,1832. t 1833. June 7—First reform bill in England became a law. It prevented a revolution and gave to the middle classes the supreme political power in the kingdom. Sept. 21—-Sir Walter Scott died in England. < 1833. Sept 26—Ferdinand VU. of Spain died. 1834. May 16—Gen. Lafayette died in Franoe, aged 77. July 10—Beginning of Carllst revolution in Spain. Aug. 1—Slavery abolished in British colonies. Eight hundred thousand slaves freed. Antiseptic dressing of wounds with carbolic acid first discovered by Rungs. 1835. July 26—An attempt to assassinate Louis Philippe of France with an infernal machine resulted in the death of Marshal Mortier and nearly 40 other persons, and in. the wound!* g of many others.

Sept. 9.—Corporation reform act, granting self-government to towns, denied since fourteenth century, passed by British parliament. 1836. July—The first railway opened in Canada. Modern germ theory of disease first suggested by discovery of yeast plant by Cagnlard Latour in France. It has since been put to practical use by such men as Pasteur, Koch, Lister and many others. 1837. June 30—King William IV. of England died. Succeeded by his niece, Princess Alexandria Victoria. The crowns of England and Hanover separated. First railway line In Russia opened. It ran from St. Petersburg to Charsko-Selo, 1838. June $8—Coronation of Alexandria Vic- ' toria as queen of England. First telegrs.ph lie set up in Great Britain on line of Great Western railway by Cooke. 1839. March —Opium war between China and England began. Aug. 31—Carlist revolution in Spain crushed. It had lasted five years and cost 300,000 lives. Louis Jacques Maude Daguerre patented his process of photography in England. During the previous year the French government had voted him a life pension of 6,000 francs a year if he would publish without patenting his. process in France. 1S40. , Feb. 10—Queen Victoria married t© her Cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg. DtC!;, 15—Remains of Napoleon 1. interred In paris. 1841. Aug.' 20—Large English expedition began the ascent of the Niger river for the purpose of establishing aj>-English colony in Central Africa^TUsease broke out among the colonists and the three vessels carrying t/ne expedition were forctd to return to the coast. Nov. 2—Afghanistan rebelled against England. During/this rebellion the English ambassadors/were murdered and the greater paryof the English armv of occupation, numbering 26,000 persons, were killed. '7 No\>-9-=Prince of Wales born. 1843. Feb.—Algeria annexed to France. May 30—Attempted assassination of Queen Victoria. A second attempt was made July 3 of the same year, ar.d again June J7, 1850. Aug. 29—Peace treaty between England and China signed at Nanking, China. This treaty opened the first ports of China to the trade of the world. 1S43. ' Juiv 27—Panto China opened to the British in compliance with treaty of peace of Aug. 29, 1S42. 1844. Feb. 12—Political conspirators in Ireland, including the O'Connels, father and son, found guilty. 1843. Dec. 14—The Sikh war began In India against the British. During the year the Danish possessions In India were purchased by England. The Sahara desert explored during the year by James Richardson, of England. 1840. June 26—Corn laws of England repealed by parliament. This was practically the beginning of English free trade as it exists to-day. 1847. Nov. —Chloroform first used as an anaesthetic by Sir James Young Simpson, of Edinburgh. 1848. Jan. 28—Frederick VII. of Denmar claimed a ne stitution, mi

me $uvtrum«m a constitutional instead of an absolute monarchy. Feb. 24=£ouis Philippe compelled to abdicate French throne and the second French republic formed. June 22—Rebellion of Paris comhfunists against the republic began. It lasted but four days.

ero sTtPME«3on Born June 9. 1781. - Died August 18, 1848. out resulted :n the loss of nearly 25,000 lives and the destruction of onefourth of the city . of Paris. Aug. 12—George Stephenson. inventor of the railway locomotive, died in England, aged 67. Nov. 4—French constitution adopted by the national assembly. Dec. 20—Louis Nepoleon inaugurated president of France. First settlement of the Boers in the Transvaal. ' v~ 1 - 1849. Feb. 9—National assembly of the Roman republic declared pope’s temporal power at an end. March 4—New constitution combining empires of Austria and Hungary proclaimed by Francis Joseph. July 8—Rome surrendered to the French and pope restored to temporal power. 1850. July 2—Sir Robert Peel died in London, aged 62. Aug. —Tae-ping rebellion began in China. 1851. March 30—Sixth census of the United Kingdom taken; population 27,637,761. May 1—First world’s fair opened in Crystal Palace, London. May —Gold discovered in Australia. 1852. Feb. 17—Birthday of Napoleon I., Aug. 15, decreed to be the only national holiday in France. Sept. 14—Duke of Wellington died, aged 83. Dec. 2—French empire restored. Louis Napoleon crowned emperor of France as Napoleon HI. 1853. Jan. 29—Louis Napoleon married to Eugeni* de Montijo of Spain. Oct. 5—Turkey declared war against Rus* sia. This was the beginning of the Crimean war; 1854. April 11—Russia declared war against England and France as allies of Turkey. Oct. 25—Battle of Balaklgva fought in the Crimea. Nov. 5—Fifty thousand Russians defeated by 14,000 French and English at battle of Inkermann.

1855. Jan. 28—Railroad across isthmus of Pan* ama opened. March 2—Emperor Nicholas of Russia died. He was succeeded by his son. Alexander II. # Sept. 8—Sevastopol evacuated by the Russians and occupied by the French and English. 4 1856. 30—Treaty of peace between England, France. Sardinia and Turkey and Russia in Paris. This closed the Crimean war. The treaty guaranteed the independence of Turkey. In this war more than 1,000,000 men perished of disease and in battle. Nov. 12—Grand Trunk railway of Canada completed from Quebec to Toronto, 860 miles. 1857. May 11—Mutiny of Sepoys in India broke out. English residents of Delhi massacred. Aug. 6—First attempt made at laying submarine cable. Start made from Valencia bay, Ireland. Cable broke and attempt was abandoned until the following year. 1858. Feb. 13—Constitution of the Transvaal republic proclaimed. June 19—Gwalior taken by the * English from the Sepoy rebels. t This practically closed the rebellion in Iildla. * July 2—Alexander II. of Russia issued proclamation freeing serfs on the imperial domains. July 23—Political disabilities of Jews in England relieved by act of parliament. “ * Nathan Lionel This was done to permit ____ Rothschild to take a seat in the house of commons to which he had heen elected. The first Jew elected to political office In

Sept. 1—Government of India transferred from East Indian company to Groat Britain. 1889. April 26—Austrian army of 120.000 men invaded Sardinia. This was the beginning of the war for Italian nationality. May 10-Emperor Napoleon III. took the field at the head of the French troops aa an ally of Sardinia against Austria. June ^Austrians defeated by French and Sardinians at Magenta. Austrian loss, ' 27,000 men. June 24—Austrians defeated at the battle of Solferlno. r Nov. 10—Definite treaty of peace signed between Austria and France and Sardinia at Zurich. Italian nationality recognised by Austria. • 1800. May 11—Garibaldi landed at Marsala. Sicily. On May 14 he iMmMmmgm proclaimed him

self dictator in the name of King Victor Emmanuel. This was the beginning of the war for Italian unity. Oct. 12— French and English allies capture Peking, China. Oct. 24—Treaty of peace signed at Peking between England and China.

la AIKS9BH OARIOALUI Dec. 29—me vv arrior, the first iron-plated steam frigate in the English navy, was launched. It was the largest vessel In the world at that Born July 4.1807.—Died July 8,1882. time excepting the Great Eastern. 1861. Jan. 2—Frederick William IV. of Prussia died. Feb IS—First Italian parliament met at Turin. Feb. 26—Italian parliament decreed Victor Emanuel II.. of Sardinia, king of Italy. Oct. 18—William I. crowned king of PrusDec. 14—Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, husband of Queen Victoria, died. 1862. Oct. 8—Count Otto von Bismarck appoint* •d prime minister of Prussia. 1863. Feb. 1—All Russian serfs freed by Alexander II. Previous to the emancipation of the serfs on imperial domains in 1858 there were more than 38,000,000 serfs in the Russian empire. Of these 16,000,000 were freed in 1S5S and the remainder in 1863. June 13—French army occupied the Citj of Mexico. 1864. June 12—Archduke Maximilian entered City of Mexico as emperor. 1865. Aug. 15— Fifst vessel passed through Sue* canal from Mediterranean to the Red sea. Dec. 18—Lord Palmerston, English premier. died. 1866. May SI—Fenian raid into Canada; 1,206 men crossed the Niagara river at Buffalo. . June 8—Canadian parliament met for the first time at Ottawa. June 18—Italy and Prussia declared war against Austria. This was the beginning of the “Seven Weeks War.” July 3—Austrians defeated by Prussians at battle of Sadowa. Austrians lost 40,000 men and the Prussians 10,000. Aug. 2#—Treaty of peace signed between Prussia, Italy and Austria. By this treaty Austria ceded Venetia to Italy and consented to a new German confederation. Oct. 30—Baron Ferdinand von Beust appointed Austrian foreign minister. Under his leadership Austria changed in two years from !an absolute to the most liberal constitutional monarchy in Europe.

1867. Feb. 7—Autonomy announced for Hungary. A separate ministry for Hungary was restored February 17. Feb. 24—First parliament of the North German confederation opened by the king of Prussia. March 29—English parliament passed act creating Dominion of Canada out of the British provinces in North America. March—Diamonds discovered near what Is now the city of Kimberley. South Africa. The city founded in 1871. June 8—Emperor Francis Joseph crowned king of Hungarv. June 19—Maximilian shot in Mexico. June 25—Cochin, China, annexed to Franoa by proclamation. ISOS. Dec. 9—Wm. E. Gladstone became prime minister of England at head of liberal ministry. 1869. June 1—New liberal monarchical constitution adopted by Spanish cortes elected by the revolutionists. Duke of Aosta, son of Victor Emmanuel, of Italy, elected king of Spain by cortes Nov. 17, 1870, to succeed Queen Isabella, who had fled to France. July 26—Anglican church disestablished ha Ireland by act of English parliament. Nov. 17—Suez canal opened with elaborate ceremonies. Dec. 8.—Ecumenical council of Catholic church met at Rome. Pope!s infallibility in matters of faith and morals reaffirmed. Dec. 11—George H. Peabody, American philanthropist, died in London, aged 74. 1STO. June 9—Charles Dickens^ died in England, aged 58. July 8—Irish land act passed by English parliament. July 15—France declared war against Prussia. This was the beginning of the Franco-Prussiaa war. Sept. 1—French defeated by Prussians at Sedan. French loss, 30.000; Prussian loss, 20,000. The next day the French army of 108,000 men and Emperor Napoleon III. surrendered to King William of Prussia. Sept. 4—Emperor Napoleon III. deposed and third French republic proclaimed at 4:15 d. m. Sept. r16—Investment of Paris begun by the Prussians. Sept. 20—Rome surrendered to Italian army by the pope. This marked the end of the pope’s temporal power. Nov. —First election for district school boards 7in England unde- authority of new law providing for support of public schools by local taxation. Dec. 20—Railway tunnel through Mount Cents completed. This connected Italy with the rest of Europe by rail. 1871. Jan. 18-King William of Prussia proclaimed emperor of Germany. This icomnleteri thp nv.

ation of the new German empire. Jan. 28—Paris surrendered to the Prussians. Feb. 26—1Treaty of peace signed between France and Prussia. This treaty ceded to Prussia nearly all of Alsace and onefifth of Lorraine.

merit ot $1,000,000,000 by Prance to Prussia. This war cost nearly 500,000 lives. March 17 — French ucmai.utu me payBom April 1, 1815.—Died June 30,1888. Sivernment took measures to suppress e mobs in Paris. This was the beginning of the French civil war. March 21—First diet of new German empire assembled at Berlin. It formed a new German constitution. April 3—Eighth census of the United Kingdom taken; population 31,817,108. May 28—Last of the French insurgents surrendered. This short civil war In France cost many thousands of lives and left one-third of Paris in ashes. Eighteen thousand rebels were shot after they had surrendered. July 3—Italian government moved to Rome. Nov. 10—Henry M. Stanley found Dr. Livingstone at UjUi, Central Africa. March —Schools of Germany taken from the control of the churches and entrusted to officials of . the state. 1 June 12—First railway in Japan opened. 1872.

July 15—The law expelling: the Jesuits from Germany, passed by first German parliament. published. 1873. Jan. 9—Emperor Napoleon 111. of France died in England. Feb. 11—King Amadeus of -Spain abdicated and a republic was established. June 29—Foreign ministers first received by the emperor of China. Sept. 5—Last installment of the FrancoPrussian war indemnity paid by France to Germany, and German troops left France Sept. 16. Oct. 31—An American schooner, Virglnlus, with Cuban insurgent expedition, captured by Spaniards. Thirty Americans and six British of the expedition shot Nov. 4-7. 1874. Dec. 31-^Prince Alfonso, son of ex-Queen Isabella, proclaimed king of Spain. This ended the Spanish republic and put a stop to the bloody civil wars.

1875. July—Peasants of Herzegovina rebelled against Ottoman government to resist collection of taxes. This led to rebellions in the Turkish provinces of Servia, Bosnia and Montenegro lasting through 1876, and ended in the Russo-Turkish war of 1877- — 78 and the final establishment of the Balkan states. 187G. June 30—First railway opened in China from Shanghai to Wocsun;,'. 11 miles. It was afterwards torn t.*> because of the superstitions of the rr ves. Nov. 23—Slavery abolished in Turkey. 1877. Jan. 1—Queen Victoria proclaimed empress0 of India. Feb 5—Circular Issued by Russia declaring Ottoman empire a menace to Europe and to sentiments of humanity. April 12—Transvaal republic annexed to English dominions by proclamation. April 25—First battle of the RtfSso-Turk-ish war fought near Batoum on the Black sea. June 35—West India docks, London, first lighted by electricity. Sept. 2—M. Thiers, first president of third French republic, died at St. Germain. Dec. 9—Turks defeated by Russians at, battle of Pievna; 60,000 Turks surrendered. 187S. Jan. 9—King Victor Emmanuel of Italy died. Succeeded by his son Humbert. Feb. 7—Pope Pious IX. died. Feb. 20—Leo XIII. elected pope. March 2—Treaty 6’f peace signed between Russia and Turkey that closed the Russo-Turkish war. April 18—Three hundred thousand cotton mill operatives struck in Lancashire, England, against reduction of wageih. Strike lasted nine month#and was par> tially successful. June 13—Congress representing great European powers met at Berlin to settle eastern questions growing out of RussoTurkish war. It concluded an international treaty and adjourned July 23. Sept. —Edison’s announcement of his method of electric lighting produces a panic in London gas companies’ stock. Nov. 15—British began campaign against ameer of Afghanistan. It was in this war that Lord Roberts won renown. 187®. April —Peru and Bolivia declared war against Chill. May 1—Dr. Livingstone died at Ilala, Central Africa, aged 60. May 5—England and France assume control of Egyptian finances. \ 1&KOI Dec. 30—The South African republic proclaimed by Kruger, joubert and Pretorius. They had persistently opposed the English occuiftition of the land by the English from the time of its annexation. 1881. Feb. 24—Work began on the De Lesseps Panama canal. Feb. 26-27-defeated Boers at - English b\ the battle of

IttiajuDa mu. March 13 — Czar Alexander JI. of Russia assassinated by nihilists in St. Petersburg. Alexander III. proclaimed emperor March 14. May 22—Kingdom of Roumania established by coronation of Prince

V'w <i*Aiiiii /m\WA\J unaries as king. 6lai)5tome: May—W o i‘ k begun Bom l>ec. ga. 1x00. Died on the Canadian May l#, 189S. ' Pacific railway. July — Insurrection in the Soudan, led by the inahdi, began against Egypt. Aug. 3—Treaty of peace signed between England and the Boers. The former surrendered the territory to the Transvaal state, and the latter recognized English suzerainty and a British representative resident. The treaty was amended Feb. 27,1SS4, by which the republic was officially styled the South African republic under British suzerainty. 1882. March 6—Kingdom of Servia established; Prince Milan crowned king. Sept. 13—English army entered Cairo In triumph after dispersing Egyptian rebel army and capturing Arabi, its leader. This campaign made English influence in EgyDt paramount, and the An-glo-French agreement for a, joint protectorate was annulled Nov. 19, 1882, France withdrawing. Dec. 31—M. Gambetta, French statesman, died in Paris. 1882. May 9—Paul Kruger first elected president of the South African republic. Nov.—Japan fully opened to the trade of the world. 1884. Aug. 11—National religion of Japan disestablished; freedom for all religions guaranteed. Dec. 6—Mr. Gladstone's third reform bill granting universal male suffrage in England became a law.

1885. Jan. 24—Irish conspirators attempted to destroy houses of parliament and th* Tower in London with dynamite. Jan. 26—Gen. Charles George Gordon and English and Egyptian troops massacred at Khartoum. Feb. 26—Congo Free State established by European powers with King of Belgium at its head. March 24—Riel rebellion began in Canada. April 24—Five hundred U. S. troops entered Panama and arrested leader of insurgents. May 15—Revised version of the New Testament published in London. July 7—Pasteur inoculated first patient for hydrophobia. Nov. 8—First train on Canadian Pacific railway from Montreal ttr Vancouver The regular public daily service began June 28, 1886. * Nov. 16—Louis Riel, leader of rebellion it Canada, executed near Regina. Nov. 25—Alfonso XII. of Spain died. Succeeded by his infant .son, Alfonso XIII With Queen Marie Christina as regent 1886. Feb. 12—German East Africa compare chartered. It ceded all its territorial I rights to the German government Oc 28, 1890. j June —Gladstone’s home rule bill for I** land defeated in English parliament. 1887. Feb. £5—Henry M. Stanley sailed txtnzk Zanzibar for expedition into central Africa in quest of Emin Pasha. Found hit j April 29, 1888, on Lake Nyanza. March 13—Treaty of the triple alliance ' between Germany, Austria and Itah? signed. Dec. 2—M. Jules Grevy forced to res* ; i French presidency. During the year gold was discovered in it a Transvaal and the city of Johannesbur r founded. * 1888. March 9—Emperor William I. of Germany ; died, aged 90. Succeeded by his son, Fr< - i erick Winiam. e t May —Slavery abolished In Brazil; 7C< - 1 000 slaves fre“d. June 35—Emperor Frederick William it j Germany died after reign of three mont j. Succeeded by bis son, William IL 1

-New - constitution adopted 1 Japan. It perml ted religious 111

erty, grantee genv eral freedom and created.,.. legislative branch of the government. March e-Milan I. of Servia abdicated In favor of his son. March 16-16 — Three United States and three German war vessels and lft lives lost by violent storm in Se

moan islands. March 29-Joha Bright. M. P., died in England, aged May 6—World’s fair in Paris; total number of admis28,149,353. — F -Neutrality of Satnoan islands recogn • >d by a conference-in Berlin between Gre; Britain, United States and Germai with equal rights of residence, trat I and protection for each of the protect ;ig powers. Aug. ; 5—More than 100,000 dock laborers struJk in London for increase in wages, j At ■jiu of four weeks the strike i^as partial -J* successful. Oct. i!—Italian government assumed protect< j-ate of Abyssinia. -A Oct. ; —A royal charter was granted ths Bri .|sh South Africa company. The com-j pans began the settlement of Rhoflesi&d irons which England had forced Portu4 gal. | Oct. 14, 1890. Oct, i!—Work began on Nicaraguan can* Nov. 315—Pedro II. of Brazil compelled bj peo J!e to abdicate. Brazil declared pul lie. | 1890. July ug.-Sept.-Oct.—Treaties for the vis: a of Africa signed between Englai anc ; France, Germany, Italy and Porf gal ; . Aug. 5—French protectorate of Madag&acai recognized by England. Nov jlt-Wtlllam III. of Holland died. Suecee s’ed by his nine-year-old daughter. v\ i ibelmina, under regency of Queen En a. k-Njii^4U2r-First Japanese parliament opened by |.he mikado. 1801. May !29—Work began on the Siberian ra When completed the line, will miles long " ^ 19—St. C and the __ formally opened. 21—Great Britain. France, Germany the United States united to protect igners against Chinese violence oconed by activity of Chinese anti-for-wa 4.V: Sept ad: ro Sep ar foi ca long. ~ \ Y ^ Clair tunnel connecting Canle United States ar*ijpft Hueigjn secret societies. 1892. Apr l 17—Alexander Mackenzie, premier of C nada. died, aged 70. May 10—Method of photographing in colo i exhibited by F. E. Ives in London. ■ : 3—Household suffrage bill adopted In B: Igium. The rejection of a universal si; ’rage bill on Nov. 2 was followed by r ts in Ghent and Brussels on Nov ? a 1 8. It was again rejected on Nov. II. b : was finally passed cn June 27,1894. 1893. Ju e 22—British battleship, Victoria, sank c; coast of Seria: Admiral Tryon and 4CT c: his crew perished. Se t. 5—Naval revolt in Brazil began. * t dec! in June, 1895. by Admiral De Gams i: surgent leader, committing suicide. 1804. M-Urch 3—Mr. Gladstone resigned as pr Vyir °i England, and retlred from poll itics. Succeeded by Lord Rosebery. JL Mf y 21—Manchester ship canal in England o :iened. j > 24—President Carnot assassinated by __ •; r.avcaists. Ju y 25—Hostilities began by Japan In Chl- . j ese-Japar.ese war. S? >t. 16—Chinese fleet destroyed by Japan- ( se at battle of Yalu. —Armenians massacred in Sassoua c.xstnct: 6.000 people slaughtered. This was the beginning of the series of mas -acres in Armenia that continued unt dept., 1896. I: >v. 1—Alexander III. of Russia died at , -evidia. Succeeded by his son. Nicholas IT. P c. 23—Capt. Dr-- '-s sentenced to pep* xtual imprisom. in a fortress fotj : eliirg French military secrets. 1*03. Ji n- 1-Corea proclaimed its independence dl tninn. Eeb. —Cuban rebellion against Spain began in Santiago province. April 16—Treaty of peace signed between China and Japan. . me 19—Canal connecting Baltic and North ?S9 0fv>>0'V>tied‘ 11 is 61 mlles ,on* and cost J ** ne,25—Salisbury ministry formed in EngFirst successful trial of wireless ♦elegraphy across Sound of Mull in England: W. H. Prefee’s system. Marconi’s system tested in England in 1896. IK96. -an. 2—Dr. Jameson and Transvaal raiders surrendered to Boers. F*b. 16—“Reconcentrado” order issued by Gen. Weyler in Cuba. May 1—Nassr-ed-Din, shah of Persia, as* sasslnated. ' ?e,pt- ^-Channel of the Danube opened into the Black sea; made possible by th* removal of the “Iron Gates.” 1807. June 20—Queen Victoria’s sixtieth regnal year completed. Extensively celebrated in London and throughout the British empire. . 1898. Aug. 1-Dowager empress of China assumes control of Chinese- ™ of Holland man. Sept. 5—Queen Wilhelmina crowned at Amsterdam. N°v- 1-France decided to retire from Fashoda, under pressure of England. 1800. Jan. 16—M. Felix Faure, president of France, died. April IS—The Hague

I peace conference opened; 16 countries represented. June 3 —Retrial ol Capt. Dreyfus ordered by French court or' cassation. June 23—Government of India adopts gold standard. Aug. 19—Capt. Dreyfus pardoned by 1 French president. He had hppr>

victed of high treason by new courtmartial and sentenced to 10 years* imprisonment. QUfEN VICTORIA 3orn May 24, 1819 —Crown ed Jane 39, 1SS7. . Sept. 10—Ultimatum from Boers that British must withdraw troops from South Africa. , France, died. April IS—The Hague peace conference opened; 16 countries represented. , June 23—Government of India adopts gold standard. , -v , Aug. 19—Capt. Dreyfus pardoned by French ~ president. He had been convicted of high treason by new court-martial and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment. Oct. 12—Boers invaded Natafc Oct. 12—War began between England and South African Republic and Orange Free State. Nov. 4—Tripartite agreement between United States, Great Britain and Germany over Samoa abolished; U. S. guaranteed possession of island of Tutuila. Nov. 16—English, under Gen. Buller, defeated by Boers at Colenso, Natal. Britis> loss, 1,097. 1900. Feb. 27—Gen. Cronje surrendered Boat army of 4,U00 men to Gen. Roberts. Feb. 25—Siege of Lauysmnn raised by Gen. Buiier. May 17—Siege of Mafeking raised. June »—timisa army cuptureu t-retoria. June 10—foreign legations in Peking besieged by tfoxers. June 16—German Minister Baron von Ketteler murdered at Peking. June 27—Admiral Seymour's column of allied troops for relief of legations in Peking forced to return to Tientsin. June 30—Allied troops defeated Chinese at battle of Tientsin; 7.000 • iunese siain. July 29— King Humbert o: Italy assassinated; succeeded by Vic’ or Emmanuel II l. Aug 17—Foreign legations in Peking ragcued by glued (foods.