Pike County Democrat, Volume 31, Number 33, Petersburg, Pike County, 21 December 1900 — Page 2

The Important Dates of the Nineteenth Century in the United States Complied by WRIGHT A. PATTERSON. ■j ^ Copyright, 1900, A. N. Kellogg Newspaper Co.

1801. Feb. 18—Thomas Jefferson elected president by vote of the house of representatives

Decause or tie in electoral vote between himself and Aaron Burr, the latter becoming vice president. June 10—Tripoli declares war against United States. Dec. 7—P resident Jefferson inaugurated system of sending written messages to congress. Since this

mim a RODt date no president, has addressed congress orally. The second census was taken in 1800, but the total of the enumeration was not announced until 1801. It was 5.308.4S3. Born in 1768.—Died Feb. Si. 1815. 1 SO 2. March 1C—Law passed establishing military academy at West Point. Same law reduced standing army to one regiment of artillery and two of infantry. < April 14—Present naturalization laws passedApril—Library of congress first catalogued. It contained 964 volumes and nine maps. May-sWashington, D. C.. -incorporated as a city. 1803. Feb. 19—Ohio admitted to the nion. April 30—Territory of Louisiana purchased from France for $15,000,000. Territory consists of 1,171,931 square miles. 1S04. Feb.r-Impeachment trial of Samuel Chase, associate justice of the supreme court, began. He was acquitted in March, 1805. May 14— Lewis and Clark expedition started from Mississippi river for Pacific coast. July 11—Alexander Hamilton killed in duel with Aaron Burr at Weehawken on the Hudson. • ! Bept. 25-rTwelfth amendment to constitution adopted. 1805. March 4—Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton inaugurated. June 3—Treaty of peace signed between Tripoli and the United States. June 30—Territory of Michigan formed from Indiana. 1806. March 29—Congress authorized the building of a national road from Cumberland, Md., to the Ohio river. The tailors formed first trade union In the United States. 1807. ’ July—American ports closed to the British and British ships ordered from American waters. 5 Aug. 11—Successful voyage of Robert Fulton’s steamboat Clermont from New York to Albany. ; Dec. 21—Embargo act passed forbidding . American vessels to leave for foreign ports. 1808. Jan. 1—Act prohibiting importation of slaves into country became law. 1800. March 4—James Madison and George Clinton inaugurated. March 15—Embargo act, excepting as to Great Britain and France, repealed. 1810. April 30—A general post office established in Washington under the postmaster general. May 19—First agricultural exhibition In United States held at Georgetown, D. C. June — Third census taken; population, 7,239,881. t 1811. Nov. 7—Battle of Tippecanoe fought by Gen. Harrison. 9 1812. April 8—Louisiana admitted to the ynion. June 18—U. S. declared war against England. June 26—Strength of the regular army raised to 36,700. Aug. 15—Fort Dearborn massacre on present site of Chicago. Nov. 4—John C. Calhoun made his first appearance in congress. 1813. March 4—James Madison and Elbridge Gerry Inaugurated. Aug. 81—Indians massacred garrison and women and children at Fort Mimms, Ala. Bept. 10—Com. O. H. Perry defeated British squadron at Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. 1814. April 14—The embargo act repealed by congress. Aug. 25—Washington burned by the British. Bept. 13—“The Star Spangled Banner” written by Francis Scott Key while detained on board the British ship Minden during the attack on Fort McHenry at Baltimore. It was first sung at a Baltimore theater in October of the same year. Nov. 23—Vice President Elbridge Gerry died at Washington, aged 70. y Dec. 24—Treaty of peace signed between Great Britain and United Stltes at Ghent Belgium. 1815. Jan. 8—British defeated by Americans at New Orleans. f'eb. 15—U. S. declared war against Algiers. June 80—Peace treaty signed ' between United States and Algiers. 1816. April 10—Uhited States bank chartered by congress for 2 0 years;capital. $35.

Iwu.uuu. April 27—First protective tariff bill passed by congress. July 6—Ice a quarter of an inch thick formed ill Pennsylvania, New York and New England Dec. 11—Indiana adm i 11 e d to the union. Dec.—American colonization society

COMMODORE PERRT Bom August S3, 1786—Died August 83, 1819. organized in Princeton, N. J. This society founded the negro state of Liberia in Africa, Its object being to establish a home for free American negroes. 1817. Jan.—The United States bank began operMarch 4—James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins inaugurated. Dec. 10—Mississippi admitted to the union. 1818. March 18—First general pension bill for revolutionary war veterans passed by congress. April 14—President approved act establishing flag of United States at 13 stripes and a star for each state. Dec. 8—Illinois admitted to the union. 1819. Feb. 22—Spain ceded Florida to United 8tates for consideration of 35,000,000. May 24—First ocean steamship, the Savannah, left Savannah, Ga., for Liverpool. Trip completed in 26 days. June 19—Maine separated from Massachusetts by Massachusetts legislature. Aug- 23—Com. O. H. Perry died at Trinidad, West Indies. Dec. 14—Alabama admitted to the union. 1830. March 15—Maine admitted to the union. 8ept. 26—Daniel Boone died at Charrette, Mo., aged 85. 1831. March 5—James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins Inaugurated president and vice president for second term. Aug. 10—Mlssour* admitted to the union. ,v 1832. May 4—President Monroe vetoed appropriation bill providing for government improvements on the Cumberland road, and transmitted to congress a message embodying his objections to national appropriations for Internal Improvements. This practically changed the policy of the government regarding internal improvements excepting as regards rivers and harbors.

1823. Dec. 2—Proclamation by President Monroe declared that for the future the American continents were not to be considered as subjects for colonization by any European power. This constitutes the “Monroe doctrine.” 1824. March 13—Convention signed between Great Britain and United States for suppression of slave trade. Aug. 15—Gen. Lafayette landed In New "iork for visit to America. Nov. 9—Tenth presidential election. Of popular vote John Quincy Adams received 106,321; Andrew Jackson, 152,899; W. H. Crawford, 47,265; Henry Clay, 47,067. No candidate for president received a majority of electoral votes and election devolved upon house of representatives. (John C. Calhoun elected vice president. 1825. Feb. 9—House of representatives voted for Sresident, each state having one vote. ohn Quincy Adams received 13, Andrew Jackson, 7, and William Crawford, 4. June 17—Corner stone of Bur.lierhlll monument laid by Lafayette. Oct. 29—Erie canal opened from Buffalo to Albany. 1820. May 10—American Home Missionary society organized in New York. July 4—Ex-Presidents John Adams, Quincy, and Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, Va.. died. Sept. 12—William Morgan abducted from Canandaigua, N. Y. This gave rise to the anti-masonic party that played a prominent part in national politics for a short time. 1827. First railroad in the United States began operations. It extended* from Quincy, Mass., to the Neponset river and was operated by horse power. 1828. May 19—Tariff revision bill, placing high duties on woolen and cotton goods, approved by president. Nov. 11—Eleventh pfesidential election. Andrew ..Jackson received 668,028 popular and 178 electoral votes; John Quincy Adams received 512,159 popular and 83 electoral votes. 1820. March 9—William T. Barry appointed postmaster general in Jackson cabinet. Previous to this time the postmaster general was not considered a member of the cabinet. „ , Aug. 8—First railway locomotive operated In Amerioa started at Honesdale, Pa. 1830. Jan. 25—Robert Y. Hayne, S. C., in speech in congress on Foote resolution on public lands announced nullification doctrine. May 24—First 14 miles of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad opened. Sept.—Anti-masonlc party held the first national political convention In United States at Philadelphia. 1831. Jan. 15—South Carolina railroad, first passenger and freight railroad In United States, opened for traffic. July 4—Ex-President James Monroe died in New York, aged 73. July 26—First successful reaper. Invention of Cyrus H. McCormick, tested at Steele’s Tavern, Va. 1 Chloroform discovered by Samuel Guthrie, of Sacket Harbor, N. Y. Matches first used in United States. 1832. March —Black Hawk war begun. June 22—First death from cholera in the

I United St. tes occurred at New York. July 13—Source of Mississippi discovered by Henry R. Schoolcraft. July 14—Tariff measures of 1828 partially repealed. Nov. 13-Twelfth presidential election. Andrew Jackson received 687,

ovi popular anu ziv electoraFvotes, and CVRU3K MCCORMICK Henry Clay 530.Born Feb. is, i80».-l>ied 189 popular and 49 rol, last surviving signer of declaration of Independence, died at Baltimore, aged 95. Nov. 19—Convention at Columbus, S. C., adopted resolutions declaring tariff acts null apd void. 1833. March 16—South Carolina repealed nullification resolution in convention. Sept. 26—President Jackson directed removal of $10,000,000 of government funds from National bank to be deposited in state banks. Nov. 13—Great meteoric display visible in North America. Dec. 6—American Anti-Slavery society organized in Philadelphia. 1334. June SO—Indian territory established by act of congress. Dec. —President in annual message announced extinguishment of national debt. Dec. 16-18—Business portion of New York city destroyed by Are; 648 buildings destroyed; loss $18,000,000. Dec, 28—Seminole Indian war began. Thomas Davenport, of Braddon. Vt., built first electric railway motor at Springfield, Mass. March 2—Texas declared its independence. March 6—Massacre at the Alamo. San Antonio, Tex., by Mexicans under Santa Anna. May 14—Mexico acknowledged independences^. Texas. June 15—Jfrkansas admitted to the union. June 28—Ex-President James Madison died at Montpelier. Vt., aged S5. ^Nov. 8—Thirteenth presidential election. Martin Van Buren elected president with 761,549 popular and 170 electoral votes, against 73 electoral votes for his nearest competitor, William Henry Harrison. Total popular vote, 1,498,205. No vice president chosen because of lack of majority of electoral votes. Senate chose Richard M. Johnson. 1837. May 13, 18M. electoral votes. Nov. 14—Charles Car1835. 1833,

jan. r>— xuicnigan aamiuea to tne union. May 10—All banks In New York city suspended specie payment because of financial panic. 1888. May 10—Banks In New York resumed specie payment 1838. Oct. 10—United States bank suspended, causing financial panic. 1840. Jan. 19—Lieut. Wilkes discovered Antarctic continent. June—Fifth census taken. Population. 17.068,666. Nov. 10—Fourteenth presidential election. William Henry Harrison received 234 electoral and 1,275,017 popular votes, and Martin Van Buren 60 electoral and 1,128,702 popular votes. 1841. April 4—President Harrison died, aged 68. April 5—Vice President Tyler took oath of office as president. July 6—Act to distribute money from sales of public lands among the states passed July 15—Independence of Egypt acknowledged by Turkey. 1848 May 2—Col. John C. Fremont’s first expedition started for Rocky mountains. Aug. 14—End of Indian war in Florida proclaimed. Aug. 20—Ashburton reaty, .settling Maine boundary dispute between United States and England, ratified by senate. Oct. 18—First submarine cable laid by Prof. Morse in New YoTk harbor. 1843. Jan. 11—Francis S. Key. author of “StarSpanned Banner,” died at Baltimore,

Feb. !8—Great comet seen at noon by naked eye In North America. June 17—Bunker Hill monument dedicated. 1844. May 27—First telegram sent over a land line from Washington to Baltimore. June 27—Joe and HTram Smith, Mormons, murdered by mob at Nauvoo, 111. July 3—First treaty of commerce between United States and China signed. Nov. 12—Fifteenth presidential election. James K. Polk received 170 electoral and 1,335,834 popular votes. Henry Clay received 106 electoral and 1,297,003 popular votes. 1845, 23-^Congress appointed first Tuesday following first Monday in November national election day. Feb; 28—Texas annexed by joint resolution. March o—Congress fixed postage on letters at o cents for 300 miles or under and 10 cents for over that distance. March 3—Florida admitted to the union. Jane 8—i,x-President Andrew Jackson died, aged 78. Dec. £9—Texas admitted to the union as a state. 1840. April S5—Hostilities between Mexico and United States began by capture of

tj suiau iorce oi u. S. troops by Mexicans. May 11 — President Polk announced that state of war existed between United States and Mexico. June 15—T r e a t y signed with Great Britain settling the the Oregon bound3 ary dispute. 1 July 6—Com. John D.

3. F B AdRSE™” Bom April £7,17»l -Died April 8, 1S71. oiua i, u. a. rs., occupied Monterey. Cal., and declared country annexed to United States. Sept. —Ellas Howe patented first successful sewing machine. Dec. 28—lowp. admitted to the union. 1847. Feb. 22-23—Battle of Buena.Vista fought; 20,000 Mexicans defeated by 6,000 AmeriJuly 24—Salt Lake City founded by the Mormons. Sept. 13—City of Mexico occupied by American troops. During the year the cylinder printing press tyas invented by Richard M. Hoe. 1848. Jan, 19—Gold discovered near Coloma, Cal., by James Wilson Marshall. Feb. 2—Treaty of peace between United States and Mexico signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo. United States paid Mexico $15,000,000 for New Mexico and California. Feb. 23—Ex-President John Quincy Adams died at Washington, aged 81. May 29—Wisconsin admitted to the union. Nov. 7—Sixteenth presidential election. Zachary Taylor received 163 electoral votes, and Lewis Cass, of Kentucky, 127 electoral votes. Dec. 15—Postal treaty signed with Great Britain. 1840. March 3—Department of interior created by congress. June 15—ExPresldent James K. Polk died at Nashville, Tenn., aged 54. 1850. April, 19—Bulwer-Clayton treaty for joint occupancy of canal across Central America signed. June 1—Seventh census taken; population, 23.191.876. July 9—President Taylor died at Washington, aged 66. Sept. 9—California admitted to the union. Sept. 20—“Omnibus’* bill passed by congress. 1S51. March 3—Letter postage reduced to 3 cents for distances of 3,000 miles and less if prepaid; 5 cents if not, and double rate for longer distances. April c29—Trial of electric locomotive built by Alfred Vail with congressional appropriation on B. & O. Ry. It attained a speed of 19 miles per hour. Oct. 8—Hudson river railroad opened from New York to Albany. 1852. June 29—Henry Clay died at Washington, aged 75. Nov. 2—Seventeenth presidential election held. Franklin Pierce received 254 electoral votes, and Gen>Winfleld Scott 42 electoral votes. March 24—Oath ofjjtffice as vice president administered to William R. King by Con- * sul Sharkey at Cumbre, Cuba. Allowed by special act of congress. April 18—Vice President William R. King died at Cahawba, Ala., aged 67. Dec. 30—'Treaty providing for purchase of territory south of the Gila river from Mexico approved. Extent of purchase, 45,635 square miles; consideration to Mexico, $10,000,000. Chicago and New York connected by railway. 1854. March 31—First commercial and diplomatic treaty with Japan concluded by U. S. May 35—Kansas-Nebraska bill passed by congress. It repealed Missouri compromise act of 1820. / 1855. Feb. 10—Rights of citizenship to childrei of citizens born in foreign countrie granted by act of congress. Sept. 13—Dr. Kane and his companions arctic explorers, rescued by Lieut. Hart stene, U. S. N., at the Island of Disco Greenland. 1856. Jan. 24—Pro-slavery legislature in Kansa recognized by President Pierce. Prod lamatlon classes attempt to establish fre state government an act of rebellion. NPv.-i4—^Eighteenth presidential ejectioi held. James Buchanan, received 774 elec toral votes. John C. Freemont 114 an< Millard Fillmore 8. H. Bessemer Invented process of makini steel by passing cold air through liquh iron. Known as the “Bessemer process.’ 1857. Jan. 6—Free state legislature in Kansas dispersed by federal troops. March 6—Dred Scott case decided agains plaintiff by United States supreme court Sept. 11—Mountain Meadow massacre per petrated near Cedar City, Utah. Thirty families practically annihilated by Indi ans and Mormons. 1858. May 11—Minnesota admitted to the union Aug. 2—First street depbsit boxes for let ters used in Boston. ^ugv5-^ir^t Atlantic cable completed. °£t „^rDonaU 8 comet attained its greates brilliancy. Oct. 9-First overland mail from San Fran cisco reached St. Louis. Time, 24 days 1 hours. - * • 1850. Jan. 4—New senate chamber occupied Feb. ^J-2regon admitted to the union. Oct. 16—Government arsenal at Hamer’i Ferry seized by John Brown. Oct. 18—John Brown captured by govern ment troops under Col. R. E. Lee u NtoVw^WYShlgfd°76IrVille dl6d at Ta"* DW Va10*111 Brown ^ansed at Charleston I860. May 13—Abraham Lincoln nominated foi president on fourti

« unicago. June—Eighth census taken. Population, 31,443,321. Nov- 8—Nineteenth presidential election held. Abraham Lincoln received 180 electoral and 1.866,352 popular votes; John C. Breckenridge, 72 electoral and 847,514 popular votes; John C. Bell, 39 electoral and KR7 .

830 popular votes, euas howe and Stephen A. Born July », 181#.—Died Douglas 12 elecJune 1, 1873. toral and 1.375,157 popular votes. Dec. ♦—President Buchanan In annual message to congress said southern states had no legal right to secede, and government no power to prevent secession. Dec. 20—South Carolina seceded. ISOl. Jan. 9—Steamer Star of the West with reenforcements for Fort Sumter fired upon by South Carolina troops from Morris island and forced to retire. Jan. 9—Mississippi seceded. Jan. 10—Florida seceded. Jan. 11—Alabama seceded. Jan. 19—Georgia seceded. Jan 26—Louisiana seceded. Kansas admitted to the union. Feb. 1—Texas seceded. Feb. 4—Confederate congress met at Montgomery, Ala. Six states repre

Peb. 9—Jefferson Davis chosen president and Alexander H. Stephens vice president of Southern Confederacy. April 12—Fort Sumter fired upon. First «un fired by Edmund Ruffin of Virginia. April 14—Port Sumter surrendered. April 15—President called for 75.000 troops. April 17—Virginia seceded. April 19—President proclaimed blockade of southern ports. May 6—Arkansas seceded. May 21—North Carolina seceded. June 8—Tennessee seceded. July 21—Federal troops defeated at battle of Bull Run. Nov. 8—Confederate envoys Mason and Slidell captured on British steamer Trent, by Capt. Wilkes, U. S. N. 1863. Jan. L—Government suspended specie payment. Feb. 6—Fort Henry, Tenn., captured by Gen. Grant and Com. Foote. Feb. 16—Fort Donelson surrendered to Gen. Grant. March 8—U. S. frigate Congress and U. 8. sloop-of-war Cumberland destroyed by confederate ram Merrimac at Hampton Roads. March 9—Battle between Monitor and Merrimac at Hampton Roads. April 25—Admiral Farragut occupied New Orleans. * * May 15—Department of agriculture established. May 20—Homestead act approved by the president. June 19—Slavery forever prohibited in the territories June 26-July 2—Seven days* fighting. Army of the Potomac retreated from before Richmond. July 1—President approved act fop building railroad and telegraph line from Missouri river to Pacific ocean. July 24—Ex-President Martin Van Buren ' died at Lindenwold, N Y., aged 80. Aug. 19—Sioux Indians attack frontier settlements of Minnesota. Sept. 5—Confederate. forces crossed the Potomac into Maryland. Sept. 16-17—Confederates defeated at Antietam. They retreated Into Virginia the following day. Dec. 31—West Virginia admitted to the union to date from June 20. 1863. 1863. .Tan. 1—President Lincoln issued proclamation freeing, slaves in confederate states. They numbered about 3,120,000. Feb. 25—National currency secured by U. S. bonds provided for. May 10—Stonewall Jackson died. Wounded May 2 at Chancellorsville. July 1-2-3—Confederate army, numbering 82,000 men, defeated at Gettysburg by federal army, numbering 73,500 men. July 4—Vicksburg surrendered to Gen. Grant. July 25—Samuel Houston, Texas hero, died at Huntersville, Tex., aged 70. Sept. 15—President Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus. Sept. 19-20—Federal army defeated by confederates ■ at Chlckamauga. Nov. 23-24-25—Federal army under Gen. Grant defeated confederates at Orchard Knob, Missionary Ridge and Lookout mountain. “ 1864. March 10—Gen. Grant placed In command of the federal armies. May 4—F ederal

army, numoering 130,000 men, crossed the Bapidan to attack Lee. May 6—Struggle between federal and confederate armies In the Wilderness and at Spottsylvania began. In these battles the federal army lost

40,000 men. May 17—Postal money order system established. Born Feb. «, 180»—Died May 19 — Nathaniel ABRAHAM tlHCOLH April 15, 1866. Hawthorne died at Plymouth, N. H., aged 60. > June 19—Federal cruiser Kearsarge captured confederate cruiser Alabama off Cherbourg, France. July 16—Gold reached the maximum, 285 per cent. Sept. 2—Atlanta captured by Gen. Sherman. Oct. 31—Nevada admitted to the union by proclamation of president. Nov. 8—Twentieth presidential election. Lincoln and Johnson carried 22 states; McClellan and Pendleton, 3; 11 not voting. Nov. 14—Sherman's march to the sea began. Dec. 21—Savannah captured by Gen. Sherman. 1S6S. Feb. 18—Gen. Lee placed in command of all confederate forces. March 3—Confederate debt disowned by act of congress. March 18—Confederate congress adjourned sine die. April 9—Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox. April 14—President Lincoln shot by J. Wilkes Booth in Ford’s theater, Washington. April 15—President Lincoln died at 7:30 a. m. Vice President Johnson took oath of office as president same day. April 15—Military Order of the Loyal Legion formed. April 26—J. Wilkes Booth shot in barn near Bowling Green, Va. May 10—Jefferson Davis captured by members of Fourth Michigan cavalry at Irwlnsville, Ga. May 13—Last battle of the war fought. Federals defeated by confederates near Palo Pinto, Tex. The total number of enlistments in the federal service were 2,859,132; total number of engagements fought between the two armies 2,261; in the federal army the total loss by death was 279,735; the confederate government existed 4 years 1 month and 14 days. May 22—Southern ports opened by proc4lamation of president. May 22-23—Grand review of federal armies at Washington. Dec. 1—Habeas corpus restored in northern states by proclamation. Dec. 18—Thirteenth amendment to constitution declared adopted by the several states. « 1SGG. April 6—First post of grand army organized at Springfield, 111. April 9—Civil rights bill passed over the president’s veto. May 29—Gen. Winfield Scott died at West Point, aged 80. July 24.—Tennessee readmitted to the union. 1SGT. Feb. 9—Nebraska admitted to the union. March 2—Military reconstruction act passed over president’s veto. May 13—Jefferson Davis admitted to bail. June 20—U. S. acquired Alaska from Russia. Consideration J7.200.0CO. Extent, 577,390 square miles.

Feb. 24—House of representatives voted to Impeach President Johnson. May 5—Grand army instituted Decoration day, designating May 30. May 26—President Johnson acquitted of impeachment charges. June 1—Ex-President James Buchanan died at Wheatland, Pa. June 22—Arkansas readmitted to the union. June 25—North and South Carolina, Alabama, Florida and Louisiana readmitted to the union. July 28—Fourteenth amendment to constitution declared adopted. Nov. 3—Twenty-first presidential election. Ulysses S. Grant, 214 electoral and 3,015,071 popular votes, and Horatio Seymour 80 electoral and 2.709,KU5 popular votes. Dec. 25—Amnesty proclamation granting unconditional pardon to all concerned in confederate rebellion Issued. 1SGO. ~^ May 10—Union Pacific railroad opened for * traffic. July 1—Soldiers’ national monument at Gettysburg dedicated. Sept. 24—"Black Friday.” Culmination of financial panic in New York. Gold quoted at 162%. Oct. 8—Ex-President Franklin Pierce died at Concord, N. H.. aged 65. Nov. 24—American Woman’s Suffrage association formed at Cleveland, O. Dec. 10—Wyoming gave women the right to vote and hold office. Dec. 24—Edwin M. Stanton died at Washington aged 55. 1870. Jan. 26—Virginia readmitted to the union. Feb. »—Congress authorized the establishment of the weather bureau. Feb. 23—Mississippi readmitted to the union. March 30—Texas readmitted to the union. April 0—American Anti-Slavery society,^ after existence of 87 years, dissolved. March 30—Fifteenth amendment to constitution declared adopted. June—Ninth census taken. Population, 38,588,371. July 15—Georgia readmitted to the union. July 24—First through car from the Pacific reached New York.

Aug. 14—Admiral David C. Farragu: died at Portsmouth. N. H.. aged 69. Dec. 16—Colored Methodist Epl, tcopal church in America organized. 1ST1. Jan. 16—Supreme court decided legal ender act of 1862 constitutional. March S—Act establishing Centennial exposition at Philadelphia passed bv congress. March—First civil service commission appointed. Oct. 8-9—Fire destroyed 20,000 bulldi igs in Chicago; 9S.5Q0 people made homeless; loss, J192.000.000. 1872. March —Strike for an 8-hour dt y, involving 100;0t 0 men. began in New York. It lasted

Itnree monte s ana resulted sv ceessfully for the st.rikSept. 14—Gene /a tribunal awarded United States $15,500,0 0 0 iron} Great Britain. Nov. 5—Twen y-sec-ond presidential election. Grt nt received 286 electoral

GDtRbDEKT E. LEE Born Jan. 19. l OT.-Dlod Oct. 12,1*70 auu o,iK7(,uiu [wpu* lar votes. R mainder of electoral votes divid'd as follows: B. Gratz Brown, 18; Th.cmas A. Hendricks, 42; Charles J. Jenkins, 2; David Davis, 1. Combined popular vote of Greely and Brown was 2.8S4.OT9. Nov. 29—Horace Greeley died at Pltasantville, N. Y., aged 61. Dec. 12—Edwin Forrest, a tragedian, died at Philadelphia, aged 68. 1RT3. Feb. 7—“Trade dollar” ordered and silver demonetized by act of congress. Feb. 27—Oakes Ames, of Mass., and James Brooks, of N. Y.. censured by congress for connection with Credit MobiUe;-. May 1—One-cent postal cards first issued. May 7—Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase died at New York, aged 65. Sept. 20—Panic on New York stock exchange; exchange closed; reopened Sept. 30. ~<fov. 19—William H. Tweed convicted in New York; sentenced to 12 years in the penitentiary. 1874. March 3—President's salary fixed at $50,000. March 8—Ex-President Millard Fillmore died at Buffalo, N. Y., aged 74. July-Oct.—Grasshoppers infest Western and Northwestern states. Aug. 28— Rev. Henry Ward Beecher acquitted of charges preferred against him by Theodore Tilton by a committee of his ' church. Oct. 15—Lincoln monument at Springfield, • 111., dedicated.' Nov. 19—National Woman’s Christian Temperance union organized at Cleveland, O. 1S75. May 1—Whisky frauds exposed. Loss to government in revenue stamps, $1,650,000. July—Alexander Graham Bell constructed first successful telephone. July 31—Ex-President Johnson died near Jonesborough, Tenn., aged 67. ! Nov. 22—Vice President Henry Wilson I died at Washington, aged 63. 1870. May 10—Centennial exposition opened at Philadelphia by Pres. Grant and Don Pedro II. of Brazil. June 25—Gen. George A. Custer and 276 men massacred by Indians under Sitting Bull near Little Big Horn river, Montana. Aug. 1—W. W. Belknap, secretary of war, acquitted of impeachment charges. Aug. 1—Colorado admitted to the union. Nov. 7—Twenty-third presidential election. Hayes received 185 electoral and 4,033.295 popular votes: Tilden 184 electoral and 4,284,265 popular votes. 1877. Jan. 17—Joint congressional committee i agweed upon a plan for counting elec- | toral vote. Electoral commission appointed by this commission awarded $ disputed votes from Florida to republicans Feb. 9: vote of Louisiana to republicans Feb. 16; vote of Oregon to republicans Feb. 23; vote of South Carolina ! to republicans Feb. 27. July 16—General railroad strike began in I Pennsylvania against reduction of wages. It lasted three months, spread throughout the eastern and central states, and resulted disastrously for the men. Aug. 11—Satellites of Mars discovered by Prof. Hall, of Washington. Aug. 29—Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City, aged 76. 1878. j Feb. 28—Bland silver bill passed over the president’s veto. ; June 12—William Cullen Bryant jdied in New York, aged 84. July 10-15—Yellow fever epidemic began at New Orleans. Dec. 17—Gold down to par in New York, first time since Jan. 13, 1862. 1870. Jan. 1—Specie payment resumed by the government. Feb. 15—Act permitting women to practice before the supreme court passed. July 8—Yacht Jeanette sailed from San Francisco on voyage of arctic exploration. 1880. May 31—League of American Wheelmen organized at Newport. June— Tenth census taken. Population, 50,155.783. Nov. 2—Twenty-fourth presidential election. Garfield received 214 electoral and 4,4bo,J21 popular votes; Hancock 155 electoral and 4,447,888 popular votes. 1881. June 24—Secretary of State Blaine notified American ministers at European courts that ar.y attempt to guarantee neutrality of Panama canal would be considered un-called-for interference. July 2—President Garfield shot by Guiteau in Baltimore and Potomac lepot at Washington. Sept. 19—President Garfield died at Elberon, N. J., at 10:35 p. m. 18S2. March 24—Henry W. Longfellow dhid at Cambridge. Mass., aged 75. March 25—Edmunds law excluding bigamists and polygamists from holding office passed. April 27—Ralph Waldo Emerson died at Concord. Mass., aged 79. , « May 13—Lieut. Lockwood and Sergt. Brainard. of Greeley expedition reached 83 degrees 23 minutes 8 seconds. 1883. May 24—New York and Brooklyn bridge opened. June 14—Verdict returned of not guilty in Star-Route case. July 19—Strike of telegraph operators began at Pittsburgh, Pa., and spread throughout the country. It involved 67,000 men who asked for 15 per cent, increase of wages. Lasted 30 days anc was successful. Sept. 9—Northern Pacific railroad finished. 1884. May 6-7—Firm of Grant & Ward and Marine bank failed in New York. May 14—Financial crisis occurred In New York. Nov. 4—Twenty-fifth presidential election. Cleveland received 219 electoral and 4,911,017 popular votes; Blaine 184 electoral and 4,848,334 popular votes. JL8S5. Feb. 21—Washington monument dedicated. First foundation

Is t o n e was laid July 4. 1848. Feb. 28—Contract labor law passed. March 3—President Arthur approved act appropriating $1,890,000 for new ships for U. S. navy. This was the beginning of the present navy. Sept. 1—First electric railway lir e in America from Bal

umore to Hampden, Md., distance 2 miles, opener!. Oct. 29—Gen. George Born April 37, 1838 -Died B. McClellan died Julyn>86. at Orange, In, J.. a*ted 59. Nov. ^^Vice-President Thomas A. Hendricks died at Indianapolis, Ind., aged 66. 1880. March 6—Knights of Labor struck on southwestern railroads. May 4—Anarchist riot and Haymarket massacre took place in Chicago. Aug. 31—Charleston, S. C., and other southern points visited by severe earthquake. Sept. 4—Geronlmo. Apache chief, surrendered to Gen. Miles at Skeleton canyon, Arizona. Oct. 12—Disastrous gale along Texas coast destroyed 250 lives and left li.000 people homeless. Oct. 28—Liberty statue in New York l arbor unveiled. >.

Nov. IS—Ex-President Chester A. Artknt died at New York, aged 56. Dec. 2G— Gen. John A. Logan died At Washington, aged GO. * lSsT. Jan. 29—Mexican war pension bill ap» proved. Feb. .11—Dependent pension bill vetoed. March 22—First interstate commerce com* mission appointed. Aug. 11—H. S. Ives & Co., New York brokers, failed; liabilities, *20,000,000. 1888. March 23-Chief Justice Morrison B. Walt* died at Washington, aged 72. 5—-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan died at Nonquit, Mass., aged 57. of Sept. 12—Act prohibiting- immigration .Chinese into United States approved. Nov. 6—Twenty-sixth presidential election. Cleveland received 168 electoral and 5.540,popular votes; Harrison 233 electoral and 5.439,853 popular votes. I3Sf>. Feb. 9—Department of agriculture created as executive department. Norman J. Coleman appointed first secretary Feb. 12. Feb. 20—Act to create Maritime Canal compassed by congress. Feb. 22—Dakota territory divided. March 8—John Ericsson died at New York, aged 86. April 22—Oklahoma opened for settlement and city of Guthrie established. May 31—Disastrous flood at Johnstown, Pa., caused loss of 2,142 lives and property to amount of *9.674,106. Oct. £-Pan-American congress organized in Washington. .ov\n!:~North an<* Sohth Dakota admitted to the union. Nov. 8—Montana admitted to the union. N°v. R—Washington admitted to.the union. Dec. 6—Jefferson Davis, confederate president. died at New Orleans, aged 81. 1SDO. Jan. 1—Horatio Allen, first locomotive engineer in United States, died at Montrose, N. J.. ag/d 88. April 2—Australian ballot system first introduced intoJUnited States at election in Rhode Island? census taken; population,. July 3—Idaho admitted to the union. July 10-Wyoming, the 44th.state, admitted to the union. ' July 14—Act authorizing purchase of 4,500,000 ounces of silver per month and for coinage of 2,000,000 ounces per month until July 1, 1901, passed by congress. Oct. 1—McKinley tariff hill approved. Oct. 6—Polygamy abolished by the Mor- * Dec. ^-Battle with the Indians at Wounded Knee. S. D. ^ ISOl. Jan. lJ-^Geonge Bancroft, historian, died at Washington, aged 91. Feb. 13—Admiral David Dixon Porter died at Washington, aged 77. Feb. 14—Gen. William T. Sherman died at New York, aged 71. March 3—International copyright act approved. * March 21—Gen. Joseph E. Johnston died at Washington,'aged S4. Aug. 12—James Russell Lowell died at Cambridge, Mass., aged 72. 1803. Ju*e 4—Secretary of State Blaine resigned. July 12—Cyrus w. Field died at Ardsley. N. Y„ aged 73. Sept. 7—John Greenleaf Whittier died at Hampton Falls, N. H., aged S5. Nov. 8—Twenty-seventh presidential election. Cleveland received 277 electoral and 5,556,533 popular votes; Harrison, 145 electoral and 5,440,216 popular votesWeaver, 22 electoral and 1,122,045 popular votes. 18f»3. Jan. 11—Gen. Benjamin F. Butler died at ■Washington, aged 75.

Jan. £5-sJuage L. Q. C. Lamar, soldier, statesman, jurist, died at Macon*-l!Hk. Jan. 27—Jame* Or Blaine died at Washington,'* aged G3. r Feb. 20-Gen. P. T. j G. Beauregard died at New Orleans, aged 75. Feb. 22—Inman line steamers City of New York and City

f erred f rom British Boro in Montpelier, Vt., lstry'™61'^8'11 TC^~ r' Pec. *5, 1837. March 2—Act to compel railroads to use automatic couplersand air brakes on all cars approved. April 12—AmericanfRailway union organized at Chicago. May 1—World’s Columbian exposition opened at Chicago. Aug. 15—Behring sea court of arbitration reported. Right of U. S. to a closed sea denied. Oct. 2—Destructive storm on Gulf of Mexico caused loss of over 2,000 lives. Oct. 30—World’s Columbian exposition closed. Total number of admissions, 27,529,400. Nov. 1—Act repealing silver purchase law approved. 1SD4. March 25—J. S. Coxey’s army of the commonweal started from Massillon, O., for Washington. April 23—General strike of mine workers throughout the country against a reduction of wages. It Involved nearly 200,000 men, and was partially successful St the end of two months. June 26—Sympathetic strike ordered on all western railroads by American Railway union. It lasted two months. June 28—Act creating “Labor Day," first Monday in September, approved. Qct. 7—Oliver Wendell Holmes died at Boston, aged 86. 1S95. May 20—Supreme court decided income tax law unconstitutional. May 28—Secretary of State Walter Q. Gresham died, aged 63. Oct. 7—Wm. Wetmore Story, American sculptor and author, died in Italy, aged 75. Dec. 26—New tariff bill passed.-. 1N9«. - ‘ March 2—Cuban insurgents recognized aa belligerents by concurrent-resolution of house and senate.* June 18—United States and England agreed to arbitrate Venezuelan boundary dispute. July 1—Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe died. aged S4. Aug. 17—Gold discovered in Yukon district of Alaska by Geo. McCormaek. Nov. 3—Twenty-eighth presidential election. William McKinley received 7,107,822 popular and 271 electoral votes; William Jennings Bryan, 6,511,073 popular and 176 electoral votes. 1S97. , ' » Jan. 11—Arbitration treaty between United States and Engiana signed. July 7—Dingley tariff bill passed. June 16—Haw-ailan annexation treaty signed at Washington. Islands formally annexed July 7. r - ISOS. \ Feb. 15—Battleship Maine vana harbor by explosio men killed. April 20—Spanish minister, given his passports. April 21—Minister Wood for April 22—Blockade of Cuba: April 23—President calls for' teers. May 1—Spanish squadron destroyed at Manila by American squadron under Com. Dewey. Spanish loss, 400; American loss, none. / June 22—Gen. Shatter with 6,000 troops landed In Cuba. J June 30—Ladrone islands seized by 17. S. ship Charleston. / July 1-2—Battles of El Carney, El Paso and San Juan fought. Spanish driven back to Santiago and siege began. July 3—Spanish squadrob destroyed off Santiago. Spanish loss, 600 killed, 692 .prisoners. j July 8—Philippine republic proclaimed by Aguinaldo. July 17—Santiago surrendered to American army. July 25—Gen. Miles landed in Porto Rico with American army. - July 26—Spain sued for peace. lestroyed in Ha266 officers and plo deBernade, left Madrid, jjorts began, voiunAug. 12—Peace protocol signed. if Manila captured Aug. 13—City o: leans. 1899. by Amer

Jan. 1—Island of Cuba transferred to United States by Spain. Jan. 6—Peace treaty between United States and Spain ratified by senate,; vote, 57 to 27. March 30—Malolos, seat of Filipino government, captured by American troops under' 1 Gen. MacArthur. Dec. 19—Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton killed in Philippines. 1DOO. June—Twelfth census taken; population 76,295,220. Sept. 8—Galveston. Tex., practically destroyed by West Indian hurricane; loss of life estimated at between 5,000 and 8,000. Sept. 17—Strike of anthracite coal miners in Pennsylvania began. Nov. 6—Twenty-ninth presidential '^•lection. William McKinley received 29z electoral votes and William J. Bryan 155. # :