Pike County Democrat, Volume 27, Number 47, Petersburg, Pike County, 2 April 1897 — Page 7

ABOUT LOCOMOTIVES. The Evolution of the American Steam Engine. Peter Cooper's Grade A*a»r—Varloas ~ Other Tm* t» Early Dm m< • Their Peculiarities—The modern Flyer. Although Peter Cooper never built a successful full-sized locomotive, he is none the less entitled to the renown of being’ the father of the American locomotive. He began building his model on the aite of the present Mount Clare workshops in Baltimore, in 1889, and made several trial trips with it before the close of that year. It was a very crude machine, judged by the present stand

_ nfcnij i I . __—_...— THE FIRST AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE. ard, having1 an upright boiler with a single cylinder of 3% inches diameter and a stroke of 14% inehes. Instead of using the exhaust steam from ttie cylinder to produce a draught for the fire.

had a draw-bar pull of 19,266 pounds, or enough power for even a good-sized engine of to-day, but if the bad balancing of all early locomotives be added to the friction of the toothed wheels, and the lateral and longitudinal play of the connecting rods, it may be safely inferred that the “mud digger” class

HATES' DUTCH WAGON. vras never able to apply more than half ! its nominal draw-bar pull. The variety of locomotive still known as the “camel back” was first built by Boss Winans between 1S50 and 1853. These were the first 30-ton engines ever used in any part of the world. Next to one modern class of engines, which shall here be nameless, they were perhaps the ugliest locomotives which have ever been built. Yet the “camel backs” could pull trains no other engine built up to this time could, and kept their scheduled time, summer and winter, over the mountain grades of the AUeghanies. and so weli built, were they that some of them put into service 30 years ago are still pegging away, much too good to be relegated to the scrap heap. The “Dutch wagons” were introduced by Samuel J. Hayes in 1857. They were wood-burning engines with inside

A WINANS CAMEL BACK.

ms in all modern locomotives, Mr, Cooper placed a fan, revolved by a belt from one of the axles, in the funnel of his engine. The power was applied to the , other axle by means of a toothed wheel. The strength of the engine was one horse-power, and attained the then extraordinary rate of 18 miles an hour. % <*)u the following January 4, 1831. the directors of the Baltimore A Ohio Hail- ( road company issued their famous offer of $4,000 for the best locomotive w hieh should be delivered at their line before

A DAVIS GRASSHOPPER 8m following June 1. The winner of this contest was 1‘hineas Dtvii, who rolled his engine the “York,” from # York, Pa., w here it was built. It was the first of the class known as “grasshoppers,” ami had a vertical boiler and cylinder. The exhaust steam revolved a fan which in turn revolved a second fan close to the ash pan. by which air was forced up through the hre. I’nder favorable circumstances t he “York" ran at as high a rate of speed as 310 miles an hour with three or four cars, and

cylinders. As inside cylinders demand forged cranks on the driving: axles, and as these crank axles are liable to frae- i ture with excessive strain or after long ! use. American builders l»u\e wisely avoided them. Between the era of the “Dutch wagcus” and the mammoth locomotives of to-day lie the classes of engines familiar to every one, because examples of them are still to be found working on j every branch road. But the latest ex- j ample of engine building, as illus- ; trated by the ten-wheeled consolidated | passenger engines at present in use on the B. <£ O. road, brings up such magnificent concentration of speed.strength and endurance as were never before seen in the history of the world. These engines have six coupled wheels, six feet six inches in diameter, cylinders 21x26 inches, and a steam pressure of 170 pounds to the square inch. They haul the Koval Blue line trains, and on many occasions have gone a mile in 50 seconds, while one of them lias been timed covering a mile in 32 seeouds. When it is borne in mind that a “horsepower" really means what a very strong horse can lift in a minute, the force of one of these engines will be realized by conceiving 1.100 horses all able to make one mighty pull at the same moment. As to speed, one of these engines will advance at the almost inconceivably rapid rate of 100 feet in a second. There may be inventions which may be considered more marvelous than the modern high-power locomotive. but surely none displays in cun

A MODERN FLYER.

throughout the year 1832 had au average run of SO miles a day. It was a little later than this that the horizontal toiler wits substituted for the vertical one, and the name of the engines using the horizontal boilers were "crabs" to distinguish them from those of the "grasshopper” class. t lioss Winans invented the projecting Journals on the axles of car wheels, thus producing at a strode the friction of hauling them from twelve pounds to a ton to three pounds. Mr. Winans’ first two engines, manufactured in the fall of 1836, though

- pmm* ■ W1NAN8* MUD DIGGER. tight tons each in weight, had a greater drawbar pull than any of the 12-ton engines made , by Stephenson in England. In the following years the first of the famous, “mud-diggers** was turned out at the Mount Clare works. This type of engine had driving wheels three feet in diameter, &nd cylinders 17 inches in diameter, with a 24-inch stroke. Assuming that the steam pressure in the boiler was 100 pounds to the Square inch, such an engine must have

crete result the power of man to imprison so mighty a force in so small a compass. £L H. MULLIN'. COST SEVEN MILLIONS. Kaltlraore A Ohio Heeetvers Issue s SUIrmrst. Messrs. John K. Cowen and Oscar <J. Murray were appointed receivers for the B. & OJ railroad on February 27, 1S1>6, and since they have had charge very large sums of money have been expended in placing the road in firstclass condition. The following is a statement prepared by them of expeudi- ' lures from Msrch 1, ISiW. to February 1, ! ls>97:

Within the past few days the receiver* have prepared a statement of expendl- ! ture* from March 1. 1896, to February X. 1897, for additions to the plant, equipment of the road and betterments made thereon. From this statement It is learned that a total of almost f7.OOO.O0O have been spent for locomotives, passenger and freight equipment, extra ordinary' repairs to equipment and expenutures made by the engineering department In the way of improvements to the maintenance, of way, structures, terminals, and the couatrue- ! tion of new alignments and miscellaneous improvements. It is shown that the betterments to locomotives amount to Hv 090; the new freight equipment, which includes hew dining cars and other passenger cars and betterments, amounts to <86.000the new freight cars built by the road, and the repairs to those already In service, amounted to *147.000. the total being something over**50.000. The 5.000 new friegnt cars and the 75 locomotives which were added to the equipment last summer cost about fS,300.000tn round numbers. The extraordinary repairs to locomotives, passenger , equipment and freight equipment aggregate fl.att.6M: the total expenditures fin the motive department being within a few thousand of five millions. The engineering department hag also spent a great deal of

FARM AND GARDEN. ROAD CONSTRUCTION. Before wew u Been the Probable Coat Should Be Considered. While good roads are greatly to be desired, voters should carefully consider the cost before authorizing work. A New Jersey naan writing in an eastern exchange says: In this township there are SO miles of roads; the usual appropriation for opening and repairing roads, shoveling snow, etc., is $1,300, or an average of $26 per mile. Some stretches of road average more than $26 per mile, others less. With this email outlay the majority of the roads are in much better condition than they were 25 years ago. Farmers, being the one class of taxpayer who cannot escape paying the tax for building stone roads, figure as follows: One mile of stone road costs about $S.(K», or a sum equal to the assessors’- list. To build one mile of stone road would double the tax rate. Or, the interest on the cost of one mile of road would be, at five per cent., $400. Experts estimate the cost of keeping stone roads in repair at $100 per mile. Interest and repairs would thus be $500 per year. Such figures are appalling to farmers, and they are also confronted with the fact that the road bonds of much wealthier counties than the one in question do not find ready purchasers.

As stone roads are not probable for years to come, improvement by some cheaper method should be considered. This good roads problem must be met, and if it can be done without bankrupting. farmers all good citizens should bid godspeed to the work. One of the greatest obstacles to better roads in their present construction is poor drainage. Stone road builders never neglect the drainage, even though they lay stone 12 or 15 inches deep. Many pieces of spongy roadbed may be made solid by proper drainage. After drainage is attended to by good side ditches, and underdrains where needed, the roadbeds should be rounded, so that water will not stand in puddles. My experience in mending roads is that on a dirt road there should be no mixture of stones with the dirt, as such roads are always rough and holes will be gouged out and there is danger of breaking wagons, besides the discomfort of bouncing as one passes along. It is often the ease along streams that gravel can be had for the hauling, and a coat of this, or shale, on a properly drained road, will make a solid and smooth road for several years. Fach township should annually raise a reasonable sum, besides the regular road tax, for permanent improvement. There ore low places in nearly every district that cannot be properly drained, and such places should be stoned so as to make a lasting job, and after the stones are well pounded down they should be covered with gravel or shale. By some such means, our roads would gradually become better, without excessive taxation, and the work being carried on simultaneously in all parts of the township. the cry of taxation without representation would not be heard, as in the ease of building expensive stone roads; for in the nature of things under that system, many men must pay the excessive taxes all their days and reap no benefit therefrom.—Journal of Agriculture. ROADSIDE TREES. The Practice of Planting Orchards Should Be Quite Popular. This is receiving more attention in some parts of our older states and deserves nni£h more than it gets anywhere. Our public lands are so near exhausted for homesteads, that the superabundance of land in the United States will not allow us to be wasteful in its use. In Germany the planting of forest trees by the roadside is no longer a practice. The highways are a continuous garden. The owner of adjacent land has charge of the roadway fruit; but the roadway officials assume charge of the care and protectkprt>f the trees. The railways are now following the grooving custom, and planting apples and pears along the side of their tracks. There are a few sections in the United States where apple and cherry have for some years been the common road trees. The ffuit» so far as I can see, is no more subject to molestation than that which grows inside the lines of strictly private ownership. I found near Ithaca, N. Y.. choice cherries by the side of the road: and the trees were loaded with undisturbed fruit. Possibly most of us would consent that tveii half of such fruit sJioul<lg|sefre&h the wayfarers, if we could utilize the streets, and have half the product as compensation for the planting. In this section of the state apple trees line some of the roadways, but more attention is given to ornamental shrubbery, extending the lawns to the street ditch. —American Agriculturist.

Barbed Wire Telephone*. Clarence and John Taylor, living a mile apart on the Taylor farms in East Dickinson county, Kan., have solved the communication problem. Attaching fine telephone instruments to the barbed-wire fence that connects their places, they have an easy method of communication. During the recent storm, when weeds and debris were piled on the fence, it made no difference in the transmission of sound and they talked with ease. They will extend the line 3*4 miles to Pearl Station, on the Rock Island, and receive market reports and news by telephone; The whole neighborhood is fenced with barbed wire, and several other instruments will doubtlessly put in, making a large prairie system. Dralssce Iran SaecMa. The fetter the road is drained, thi easier it is maintained. Sotk Xm4 Kettmlsg. Reform the roads and reform the pe*pie.—Z* A. W. Bulletin.

The man talking was from Boston, in New York on business involving a real frtete deal. “When I began this business, ten years ago,9 he was saying, “I didn’t know as much as I do now. Neither did I know as much as would suggest to me the propriety of going in when it rained. For instance, I had got a big thing in South Boston (where we have a tremendous Irish population) in the way of suburban properties, and I got a company to build a trolley car line to it. A rival of mine was doing something of the same sort in a different direction, bnt I knew I could give him four aces and beat him out of sight. His street car line was half a mile longer than mine to my property, and the location wasn’t near* ly so good. Just the same he walloped the everlasting pudding out of me, if you will excuse a Bostonian ism, and did it in the simplest way possible. Yon see, I wasn’t thinking, and when .1 ordered cars for my line I had them painted a beautiful orange just to show how rich our subdivision was. The other chap, 1 guess to show what kind of a chump 1 was, had his cars painted a glorious green. The Irish did the rest,9—Electrical Engineer. S64 BUS. CORN PER. ACRE. It’s marvelous how we progress! You can make money at 10 cents a bnshel when you get 264 bushels corn, S20 bushels oats, 173 bushels barley. 1,600 bushels potatoes per acre! Salr.er’s creations in farm seeds produce. . $10 00 WORTH FOR 10 CENTS! Just Send This Notice and 10 Cents to the John A. Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse. Wis.. and get 12 farm seed samples, worth $10.00. to get a start, [k] Our Tooth. A great many of the young people of to-day stand on the brink of death, and ofttimes perish morally because the pareuts sleep aud the church is negligent in not performing the sublime duties that God has appointed as a part of its work.—Rev. Edmund Hewitt, Methodist, Camden, N. J.

Sprint? Cleaning. Spring cleaning need not necessarily be made the drudgery it is if properly done. Paints, floors, hard walls and windows may all be cleaned without rubbing, by wiping over with strong suds made of Ivory soap and hot, soft water, then rinsed and dried. A room thus cleaned will be fresh and sweet, with no unpleasant odor of strong soaps or cleaning fluidst * EI.I2A R. PARKER. “It’s all over”—the sky.—Golden Days. I’d rather be most any ni,an In history's class or fame’s bright bands Than Atlas, for he always had A world of trouble on his hands. ▲ Wonderful Combination. Being the only manufacturers of both guns i and ammunition in the world the Winchesi ler Repeating Arms Co., New Haven, Ct., are enabled to keep their guns apace with new ammunition and their ammunition apace with new guns. In this way by using Winchester goods, shooters can be certain of getting guns aud ammunition of the highest degree of excellence and most improved type. As the unapproachable reputation of the Winchester’ guns depends upon the ammunition used in them, the Winchesters are obliged to keep the standard of their ammunition as near perfection as possible. Shooters who want the best results can get them by using Winchester guns : and Winchester ammunition. Send for a large illustrated catalogue free. Little Ethel—“I wonder why men like to talk about their old school days?” Little Johnny—"I s’pose after they get growed up they is always try in’ to find out where the teacher lives, so they can lick him.” - The Crescent Hotel, Eureka Springs. Arkansas, Opened March 1; 1WIT. It is a modern, stone, fireproof hotel, located in heart of Ozark Mountains, Northwest Arkansas: climate mild and bracing; scenery wild and beautiful; waters unequalled for purity and medicinal qualities. Rates reasonable. Excursion I tickets on sale. Through sleepers via St. i L. &S.F.R.R. I Write Geo. T, Nicholson. 0. P. 1 A., ! Frisco Line. St. Louis. Mo., or Manager HoI tel, Eureka Springs. Mamma—“Where’s papa?” Flora,—“He’s ] downstairs.” Mamma — “What’s_ he do- | mg?” Flora—“His bicycle is out of breaff, I aud he’s giving it some more.” Fits stopped free and permanently cured. I No fits after first day’s use of Dr. Kline’s Great Nerve Restorer. Free $2 trial bottle & I treatise. Dr. Kline, 933 Arch st., Phila., Pa. If a man could only get as much for his ! old family horse as his wife thinks the anij mal is worth!—Atchison Globe.

THE MARKETS. New York. March 2). 1*97. CATTLE—Native Steers..I 4 33 5 3t> COTTON- Middiiuir. 7 *4% J *?» FLOUR -Winter Wheat. 2 60 4 55 WHEAT No. - Hard... <*$ CORK—No. 2.. © 8»* OATS—No. 2... it ,21 PORK—New Mess.... 9 00 kt » 30 ST. LOUIS. ; ■ COTTON-Middiln*. BEEVES-Steers.. 3 » Cows and Heifers .. 2 25 CALVES. ... 5<» HOGS—Fair to Select.. S 63 SHE EP—Pair to Choice....... JW FLOUR-Patents.4 60 Fancy to Extra do... 3 70 WHEAT No. 2 Red Winter. CORN-No. 2 Mixed. 21 OATS-Na 2... RYE-No. 2. 33 TOBACCO—Lu*:-s. 3tt) Leaf Burley.. 4 50 HAYClear Timothy ... -. » 00 BUTTER—Choice Dairy. II EGGS Fresh.. .... PORK -Standard (new).• BACON Clear Rib .. LARD—Prime Steam. CHICAGO CATTLE-Native Steers.. 3 75 ft 5X HOGS—Fair to Choice..... 3 75 ft 4 23 SHEEP—Fair to Chaioe....- 3 50 4$ 4 50 FLOUR—Winter Patents. 43) it 4 50 Spring Patents. 4 00 it 4 10 WHEAT—No. 2 Spring.. 7iy& No. £ Red... 84Yd> CORN—Na 2. ** & OATS-Na 2. 1*I«6 l* PORK—Mess (new). Mu V KANSAS CITY. CATTLE -Shippings’Steers.... 3 50 fit 5 00 HOGS- All Grades . 8 73 & 415 WHEAT~Na 2 Red. @ OATS-Na 2 White.. 1» # CORN—Na 2.. 1» ® NEW ORLEANS. FLOUR—High Grade.. 4 50 d 4 90 CORN-No. 2... « « OATS-Western. »*<*» * HAY-Choice... M 50 • **«•. PORK-New Mess.. & BACON—Sides.- & COTTON—Middling. . 7 LOUISVILLE. WHEAT—Na2 Red. . WO 9l\ CORN-Na 2 Mixed.V. » § W4 OATS- Na t Mixed. 21 & PORK -New Mess.. f » g * ^ 7 • S BACON —Clear Rib COTTON—Mttdllac.

We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for any ease of Catarrh that can not be cored by Hall's Catarrh Core. F. J. Cheney & Co.. Props., Toledo^O. We, the undersigned, hare known F. J. Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe him perfectly honorable in all business transactions and financially able to cany out any obligations made by their firm. West & Tru&x, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O. Walding, Rinnan & Marvin, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, Ohio. Hall’s Catarrh Cure is taken internally, acting directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the system. Price 75c. per bottle. Sold by all Druggists. Testimonials free. Hall’s Family Pills are the best. The baby said (and gave that yell Which makes his father scowl), *T may not be a howling swell, But I’m a swelling howl." Reforms Need More Than a Day To bring them about, and are always more complete and lasting when they proceed with steady regularity to a consummation. Few of the observant among us can have failed to notice that permanently healthful changes in the human system are not wrought by abrupt and violent means, and that those are the most salutary medicines which are progressive. Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters is the chief of these. Dyspepsia, a disease of obstinate character, is obliterated by it.

It is not difficult to majte old people happy; show them some one 20 years olaer than themselves who is still in good health.—Atchison Globe. No-To-B«c for Fifty Cents. Over 400,OOOcured. Why not let No-To-Bac regulate or remove your desire tor tobacco? Saves money, makes health and manhood. Cure guaranteed. 50c and !S1.00,all druggists. Probably the first thing every man re solves when he gets up in the morning is that he will go to bed earlier the next night.—Atchison Globe. Dull, gnawing pain—neuralgia. Prompt, soothing cure—St. Jacobs Oil. Many are willing to wound with a word who dare not strike a blow.—X. Y. Weekly. I could not get along without Piso’s Cure for Consumption. It always cures.—Mrs. E. C. Moulton, Needham, Mass., Oct. 22, ’94. Your friends may not know much, but they know what thev would do if they were in your place.—N. Y. Weekly. When bilious or costive eat a Casearet, candy cathartic, cure guaranteed. 10c, 25c. Rest assured that if your misdeeds find you out they will call again.—N. Y. Weekly. A cruel pain—sciatica. Its cure is sure. Use St. Jacobs Oil. Genius may be swift, but perseverance has the surest feet.—N. Y. Weekly.

OUR ENEM k STOLE i fchargedwhh Wood [and tnflamed. In* stead of passing the I waste matter oat of the body they am damming it tip In the bfeoo. Every minute* yes* r«uj heart beat adds ta the poison In you* Normal action of the kidneys will purify the blood. Nothing else will* istbefriead ta need. It will redoes the Inflammation, so that the grip oa the tissues af tbs blood-vessels Is relaxed, and tbs arte add to seat on its way oat of the body. • Thus You Overcome Your Enemy

LaiS* bottle, or new style, smaller one at yna Jiuuuta

''HOME-MADE. FXIjTiS For LiTer-Storagcti-KiHnRTs.

■ A. They act directly ot> the Bite by remow W> togad unhealthy matter from the stomach. ^ DMP nnVP *iu Jo » ^ twod than SO doses -"c-aHat Unk UUOl Little Liver Pills. Fur sale by alt druggists Samples sent free. SRUIU Dl£l6CO.,t«iru.IU. inifisiisiF Othegenuine i^#3lMiORH> Weeks Scale Weeks, EAT, COAL. STOCK. GRAIN, D||rri| A KV AND COTTON SCALES. IMirrALU| N.Ia pensions: stcssi Fee {or increase |J. Rejected claims reopened. All laws free. 31 yrs. practice. Saccesa or no fee* A. «. StCmicfc a Sms, CtactuaU, O., —a Waihlagt—. U.G.

lUj Stop! Women,

And Consider the All-Important Fact, That in addressing Mrs. Pinkham yon are confiding your private ills to a woman—a woman whose experience in treating woman’s diseases isjyaAter than that of any living physician—male or female.

You can talk freely to a woman when it is revolting to relate your private troubles to a man—besides, a man does not understand—simply because he is a man. Many women suffer In silence and drift along from bad to worse, knowing full well that they ought to have immediate assistance, but a natural modesty impels them to shrink from exposing themselves to the questions and probably examinations of even their family physician. It is unnecessary. Without money or price you , can consult a woman, whose —knowledge from actual experience is greater than any local physician in the world. The fol»

* i lowing invitation is ireeiy onere^ t accept it in the same spirit: MRS. PINKHAMS STANDING INVITATION. Women suffering from any form of female weakness are invited to prompt^ communicate with Mrs. Pinkham at Lvnn, Mass. All letters are received, opened, read and answered by women only. A woman can freely talk of hear private illness to a woman; thus has been established the eternal confidence between Mrs. Pinkham and the women of America which has never been broken. Out of the vast volume of experience which she has to draw from, it is more than possible that she has gained the very knowledge that will help yonr case. She asks nothing in return except your* good-will, and her advice haa relieved thousands. Surely any woman, rich or poor, is very foolish if she does not take advantage of this generous offer of assistance. —Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co., Lynn. Mass.

Similar and no lew striking Has been the evolution ot gram and machinery. In J83J the scythe and the cradle were superseded fay uic .TM.vMnuick Reaper. The intervening yean have seen many improvements, until now we have dial model Harvester and Binder, die McCormick Rigid ^ Hand Open Elevator, and that veritable electric light of mowerdom, the New 4. it is not only the handsomest mower ever built, but it fa, in every seme of the word, the best—and if your experience has taught you anything, ft is that then** nothing cheaper than the best McCormick Harvesting Machine Company Chicago* The Light-Running: McCormick Open Elevator Harvester, The Light-Running McCormick New 4 Steel Mower, , The Light-Running McCormick Vertical Corn Binder and The Light-Running McCormick Daisy Reaper for sale everywhere.

yUGflTflN. KING OF GUMS. A. H. K--B 1680