Pike County Democrat, Volume 26, Number 20, Petersburg, Pike County, 27 September 1895 — Page 2

PAST AND PRESENT. On Chickamauga Battle Ground,, After Thirty-Two Years, Blue and Gray Meet as Brothers, And Join in Dediticating the Soil Made Sacred by the Blood of Comrades. Chattanooga. Tenn., Sept 19— After an interval of thirty-two years the blue and the gray again met around the crescent of Snodgrass hill, on the battlefield of Chickamauga, but not as then, amid the mists and leaden hail which marked those dreadful days of 1863, making the conflict the most terrible in its casualties to those concerned which history snows. Under one flag a reunited host, devoted to the advancement and prosperity of one common country, the veteran foemen of a third of a century ago met to dedicate as a national park the ground made sacred by the blood of heroes who fought at their side. .

/ r ' fZ. J r\*»9+ y *7: V* national MlUTARV ffcRFt ^ €$l* Air**

This park is one of the most notable in existence and unique in many respects. It extends from Sherman Heights, in Tennessee, to the glass mills, Georgia, a distance of 22 miles, over all of which, together with necessary approaches, the government of these states have ceded jurisdiction to the United States. At present the government owns between ten and eleven square 'mile—6,500 acres, of which 3,500 are cleared of underbrush. Congress has authorized the purchase of a total area of about sixteen square miles. It has already expended for the purposes of the park $750,000, including the appropriation for the current year, and also $30,000 for the expenses of the dedication. Seventy-two miles of roadway, more or less improved, has been made, and five observation towers ereoted withiu the park limits, and within view from them are the scenes of the battles of Chickamauga, Orchard Kuob, Lookout Mountain, Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge and Brown’s Ferry. A broad boulevard will oon.nect the extreme points of the park, much of it being already constructed along the crest of Missionary Ridge, Bragg's line of battle. From almost any point along its length a most magnificent view of the valley and faroff heights is obtained. In its work of ' marking the line of battle and positions of the troops engaged, the national commission has been assisted by the commissioners of twenty-five states, including all of the southern sates. About 300 large historical tablets are already in place, and other tablets, giving locality and distance, number 800. Each battery engaged is being marked by at least two guns. One hundred and fifty guns are mounted in fighting positions of batteries, and 400 guns are on the grouud ready for mounting. Ohio has 54 mou'uments; Illinois, 33; Minnesota, 5; Indiana, 87; Michigan, 11; Massachuaetts, 1; Kansas. 3; Missouri, 5; Wisconsin, 9; United States regulars,9. 'There have been authorized and commissions are preparing to erect as follows; New York,20; Pennsylvania, 19; Connecticut, 2; Tennessee, 4.

Chattanooga was early astir, and all the morning the various roads to the -Chick&mauga field were filled wn^h vehicles, carrying spectators of the dedication ceremonies. A belt line of ^railroads was organised for the occasion, and by that agency it was <ntade possible for the great crowd of visitors to reach the grounds. The •exercises were held on an immense stand built near the observation tower on Snodgrass Hill, the center ol the deadly opening day conflict. Beside the federal officials, including Secretaries Herbert- and Smith, Postmaster-General Wilson, AttorneyGeneral Harmon and congressmen present, there were the following governors of states, some accompanied by -their staffs and members of the 'Committees from the several states appointed to act with the national commission in locating monuments and marks: ' W. C. Oates, Alabama: W. R. Atkinson, Georgia: J. P. Altgeld, Illinois; Claude Matthews, Indiana; E. M. Morrill. Kansas; F. T. Greenhalge, Massa-

ehusetts; W. T. Rich, Michigan; E. A. Holcomb, Nebraska; G. T. Werts, New Jersey; Levi P. Morton, New York; Wm. McKinley, Ohio; Peter Turney. Tennessee; Urban A. Woodbury, Vermont; W. N. Upham, Wisconsin. Governors Morton and Holcomb arrived just in time to reach the field and witness the exercises. Missouri. Florida and North Carolina were represented by delegations of distinguished citizens, and to crown all were the almost innumerable host of survivors of the battle who bad come to fight it all over again and to rejoice in its final issue and who represented nearly every state in the country. Especially noticeable were the veterans who came from Louisville wearing their G. A. R. buttons. Early arrivals on the grounds were entertained by a drill of Battery F, Fourth artillery, under command of Capt. Sidney Taylor, and by a battalion or regimental drill, under CoL Poland, commanding Camp Lamont. These evolutions exhibited to the spectators the new tactics and field movements suggested by the board of : tactics and drills. Promptly at noon a salute of fortyfour guns announced the beginning of the execution of the programme so long arranged and looked forward to. Music by the band of the Fourteenth regiment, in camp on the field, followed, and at subsequent intervals it also was heard with delight. The addresses of Senator and Gen. John M. Palmer, of Illinois, and of Senator and Gen. John B Gordon, of Georgia, were preceded by the singing of “America” by the audience, and followed by “Auld Lang Syne.” Gen. J. S, Fullerton, chairman of the National Park commission, and, as such, Secretary Lamout's representative, charged with the duty of directing the dedicatory exercises, introduced Vice-President Stevenson, who presided in the absence of the secretary of war. He said: Vice-President Stevenson's Speech. I am honored by being called to preside over the ceremonies of this day. By solemn decree of the representatives of the American people this magnificent park, with its wondrous associations and memories, is now to be dedicated for all time to national and patriotic purposes. This is the fitting hour for the august ceremonies we now inaugurate. To-day. by the act of congress of the United States.the Chlckamauga and Chattanooga National Military park is forever set apart from all common uses; solemnly dedicated for all the ages—to the American people. The day is auspicious. It notes the anniversary of one of the greatest battles known to history. Here, in the dread tribunal of last resort, valor contended against valor. Here, brave men struggled and died for the right, “as God gave them to see the righ.” Twenty-two years have passed, and the few survivors of that masterful day—victors and vanquished alike—again meet upon this memorable field. Alas, the splendid armies which rendezvoused here, are now little more than a procession of shadows.

"On fames eternal camping ground. Their silent tents are spread. ■ While glory guards with solemn round. The bivouac of the dead." Our eyes now behold the sublime spectacle of the honored survivors of the great battle coming together upon these heights once more. They meet, not in deadly conflict. but as brothers. under one flag—feliow-citizen of a common country. All grateful to God. that in the supreme struggle, the government of our fathers —our common heritage—was triumphant, and that to all of the coming generations of our countrymen, it will remain “an indivisible union of indestructable states.” Our dedication to-day is but a ceremony. In the words of the immortal Lilncoln at Gettysburg: “But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate. We can not consecrate. We can not hallow this ground. The brave men living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract." I will detain you no longer from listening to tbe eloquent words of those who were participants in the bloody struggle—the sharers alike in tts danger and its glory. Gen. Palmer's Oration. Prayer was offered by Rt. Rev. Bishop Gailor of Tennessee. The first address was that of Gen. Palmer, who prefaced his oration with eulogistic remarks on the brave officers and men, living and dead, who participated in the, sanguinary struggle being commemorated, and continued: Standing in this presence, upon this hlstortic ground. I am conscious that no words of my own will stir and thrill the survivors of the great military events which thirty-two years ago transpired in these valleys, and under the shadow of these mountains, as will the mention of Chickamduga. Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. These names are now historically significant of great battles, where many thousands of brave men of the same race and language,con tended with each other for victory. At the mention of them, the eyes of veterans, dimmed by age, will kindle, and for the moment they will forget the flight of time, and the lapse of years. and in imagination, again plunge into the heady fight

He then took ms hearers backward lor a time over the years preceding the war and recounted the various con* tentions and issues that led up to the great struggle. Reaching the time of the firing upon Fort Sumter, he said: The assault upon Fort Sumter, which occurred la April. 1861 made any compromise of the sectional differences impossible, and fully Justified Mr. Toombs, secretary of state of the confederate government, in saying: “The firing upon that fort will inaugurate a civil war greater than any the world has ever seen.’* Whatever may have been hoped, believed or feared by the lovers of peace in the different sections of the Union before that time, the attack upon Fort Sumter rendered a civil war inevitable. I need not speak of the military operations of the years-1861 and 1863. nor of the events which occurred elsewhere than .upon the theater included in the operations of the armies which encountered each other here. The speaker then told the plain, unvarnished tale of the military operations directly leading up to the great battle for the possession of Chattanooga, fought in the vailey of the Chickamauga, and described from his point of view, and with the light of history thrown upon the operations of others, that terrible and bloody struggle which terminated through au « unfortunate order or the misconstruction of an order, from Gen. Rosecrans to Gen. Wood in the defeat of the Union soldiers. Facts, he said, demonstrated the desperate courage of the opposing armies, which were almost identical in numerical strength. Two armies of American soldiers, ofxtae aggregate numbered 118.439. suffered tbe loss of 3,416 killed. 30,907 wounded, without counting the missing, the casualties of the two armies was more than 90 per cent, of the whole number engaged. We retired from the field defeated, t» Is

true, but we believed oar reverse ru tiM re- I trait of one of thane unavoidable accidents I of ainst which no courage or skill could pro- { vide, and we were ready on the nest day Vo fight again with all the courage and eoofirteeee that we felt on the 10th and 90th of September. We retired to Chattanooga, and wero pursued and beleacared by the confederates until the 90th day of November, when the men who left the field of Chickamauga. defeated on the 90th day of September, stormed Missionary Ridge, and fully recovered the prestige of the national arms. My comrades, and countrymen. I have thus told the story of the bottle of Chickamsugn It It brief, and necessarily Incomplete. Writers. some with historical accuracy, and others. In the language of romance, have told the tale of that bloody contest. No aura eaa know much of the events which did not ooenr in hto immediate presence on a field like thin We know the names of but f*w eC the fallen, but we can remember the courage and gallantry of alt who acted with us. I have said that the civil war was caused by the sectional challenge to American manhood, and that challenge was accepted and followed by years of bloody and desolating war la that war the American people learned to properly estimate each other, which Is the only foundation for harmonious, national unity. By that war the theory of the right of the states to secede from the Union was forever eradicated from our system of national constitutional government. By that srar African slavery, which was the root of sectional bitterness, and was one of the causes or pretexts for national controversy, was forever overthrown, and the flag of our country became at once the emblem of freedom and the symbol of national power. As the result of that war. the constitution was maintained and not subverted; and the Union of the American people made perpetual. Mv com rad s. we who may survive this day. may well be grateful to that Divine Being who guides the destiny of nations, that we are permitted to see an established Union; a repub- | 11c extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. ! and from the lakes to the gulf, and liberty J and law the all-pervading rule of our national life. IVe are here to-day “with malice toward none, and charity for all;" we meet as citizens of a common couutry. devoted to its interests, and aiike ready to maintain its honor, wherever or however assailed. To my comrades, you who were confederate soldiers during all the weary struggle of the civil war. 1 beg to say I was proud of your gallantry and courage. I tfever.allowed myself to forget that you were Americans freely offering your lives in the defense of what you believed to be your rights and in vindication of your manhood. You are now’satisSed that the result of the civil war established the unity of the powerful American republic: submitted your controversies with your fellow citixens to the arbitrament of the battlefield, and you accepted the result with a sublime fortitude worthy of all praise, and your reward is that peace and orderbre restored, and “the south" which you loved so well, and for which you fought so bravely, now blossoms with abundant blessings. Gen. Gordon's Address.

uen. iioruon, oi ueorgta, opened ms j address by quoting “The Illustrious; Charles ^Sumner’s proposal in the ! United States senate to strike from j the battle flags of the Union all mementoes of our civil war. He eulogized ! the broad and catholio spirit of pa- { triotism which inspired that proposi- i tion, though he said Mr. Sumner rea- j soned as a classical student rather j than a practical statesman. But Mr. Sumner, he said, was not the only j statesman who then believed that the ' preservation of war memories was the ■ perpetuation of war passions. He was J not the only one who failed to appre- ! oiate the mighty changes which were to be wrought in time; or the hollowing effects of great trials and sorrows ; upon the tempers of a people; or the elevating, ennobling and unifying power of out Christian civilization and free institution. All Christendom was amazed that the end of the struggle 'found the men of both armies and the people of both section favorable for the decrees of battle and all fox; the cherished constitution of their fathers. Then Ger. Gordon said; “Is this fraternity to last? Is this unity to endure? If ‘yes,’ then liberty { shall live. If ‘no,’ then the republic is doomed, for in the womb of onr country’s future are mighty problems, im« i bued with life and power and danger, to solve which will call into requisition all the statesmanship, all the manhood and loyalty to law of all the sections. The patriotic American who loves his country and its freedom, and who fails to discern these comiug dangers aud the urgency for united effort to meet them is not a statesman; aud the statesman, if I may so characterize him, who, realizing . these dangers, I and would still, for personal or party j ends, alienate the sections or classes, j is but half a patriot. Perish then, ; forever, forever perish from our minds ! and hearts all distrust, all class and party and sectional bigtory and j ! alienation; but live, long live, forever, 1 live, as the last hope of the republic, | mutual trust, confidence, brotherhood : and unity between their children, who ■ ate the heirs of their immortal honors. : Forever live the spirits which animated the American congress and j government in making possible this * inspiring hour and may the spirit of ; I this hour abide in the hearts of our j , descendants through all generations. ! Gen. Gordon closed an impassioned and eloquent peroration as follows:

Every uniform worn by the brave, whether | its color was blue or (tray; every sh> et of flame from the ranks and rifles of both: every can* 1 ! non that Kbook Chickamruga's hills or thua* : dered around the heights *>* Gettysburg: every j whizzing shell that tore tbViugh the Wilderness, j at ChancellorsviUe or .Shiloh: every butleh* j rent flag that floated in victory, or went do>n in defeat on any held: every patriotic song At prayer wafted heavenward from the north or . the south: every loving and tender ministra* J tion at the dying soldier’s side: every agonia- j log throb in woman's heart or burning tear on : devoted womans cheek—all were con- ! tributtons to the upbuilding of a j loftier American manhood for the future j defense of Amertonn freedom And now, by ' the authority of the American congress and l the executive department of the government: j in the presence of these survivors of the great struggle; In the midst of this historic { woodland, whose leaves were reddened with heroic blood, and whose giant oaks still bear upon their shivered trunks the visible trace of shot and shell; by these flowing ‘ountains, whose crystal waters symbolize the purity of purpose which convenes us In the presence of all these witnesses, and in the name of this great republic and its. people we set apart, as the American Mecca, and consecrate for all time, this immortal bat* tie ground, made forever glorious by American valor. To the strains of the band the gathering dispersed. Most of them returned to the city to attend the reunion of the federal and confederate survivors of the Army of the Tennessee, to be held st night, but many lingered to revive, by a sight of the old places, memories of tho bitter sweet! long ago.

AT CHATTANOOGA. , The Oloeing Day of the Dedication Ceremonials* Mattac ta Cwmaontlea of Um Bo** tie of Chottmoooyo Proper, Pro* m<M by o Urud MUttUf Porodo—Closlag «nm*. CBimsoottA, Tenn., Sent. 31.—The proceeding* of the third and last day of the dedication of the C hick sms uga and Chattanooga National Military park, judging from the crowd which thronged the streets, were the most at* tractive of the seriea This was the case, however, for the reason that there was nothing going on at the battlefield, and everyone’s at* tentlon was centered upon the meeting 'in the big tent. Another fact was that the military demonstration by the regulars and state militia in camp here was an attraction that drew to the city many residents of the surrounding territory, who had not previously been present during the dedicatory ceremonies. There was a slight relief from the oppressive, almost overwhelming heat of the past few days, whereby existence was rendered somewhat more comfortable to sweltering humanity. The procession formed on Market street, the principal business thoroughfare of the city, and was characteristic of the J occasion. First came a platoon of po-i lice and [then the United States troops, j foot and artillery, in camp at Chicks-! mauga park, under command of Col. Foland. These numbered, all told, about 1,200 men. There were battalions from the Sixth, Fourteenth and Twenty-third infantry and Battery F Fourth artillery; the Ohio national I guards with Gov. McKinley and staff at their head, including companies from Cleveland and Columbus, the latter on bicycles; Capital City guards, of Georgia, Capt W. S. Hewitt commanding. This troop marched to the dedication from Atlanta, arriving here Tuesday. The national guard of Tennessee, Col. I. F. Peters commanding. A company of this body which attracted much attention was Capt Carnes’ battery, of Memphis, composed exclusively of confederate veterans. The rear of the column was under command of Capt F. II. Phillips. The procession marched through the principal business and residence streets to Grant university In front of which the reviewing stand was erected. The streets were decorated with great profusion with the na

uonfti colors m au coocmvaoio uc* signs, and as the troops marched under and by them they were accompanied by the almost constant cheers of as* secabled thousands. Ohio’s representation in the procession was the roost striking portion. At its head rode Got. McKinley and his entire staff in full uniform. The appearance of the governor was greeted with cheers along the entire route of march, and he was kept busy doffing his hat in acknowledgment of his hearty reception. Besides the Fourteenth regiment Ohio National guards. Gov. McKinle.' had in his command the famous Cleveland cavalry troops, which formed President Hayes’ escort at his inauguration in 1877; battery H and the Toledo cadets. The company made a fine appearance and received much applause. One of the leading features of the day’s parade caused comment and enthusiasm, and will make a lasting impression upon those who saw It. It was company of confederate veterans, attired in their tattered old uniforms of gray, carrying the Stars and Stripes. As they passed through the miles and miles of streets they were tendered an ovation that would have honored a a emperor. Not one of these old wsr d gs was under 00, and yet thev' wa xed with a firmness of step that woitd have done justice to West Poini calsts. And one ot them, the one rex. to the colorbearer, carried an < liv ; wreath, an emblem of peace and lov.\ Gen. J. S. Fuller-on, president of the park commission, was grand marshal. The visiting governors and their staffs, together with the various state park commissioners, followed Gen. Fullerton and staff. <Tn the reviewing stand were Lieut. - Gen. Schofield aud Vice-President Stevenson, the reviewing officials and a large body of distinguished visitors and prorainent-,eitijseus. The procession disbanded shortly after passing the reviewing stand, and the battery proceeded to Orchard Knob, on the summit of which was fired the Union salute of forty-four guns at noon. IN COMMEMORATION OF THE BATTLE OF

CUATTANOO0A. At that hour began the exercises in the tent intended to commemorate, in connection with the dedication, the battle of Chattanooga proper. Vice-President Stevenson presided. The proceeding's were opened with prayer by Rev. Samuel J. NiccoUs, D.D., of St Louis. Hon. George W. Ochs. Chattanooga’s eloquent executive, was Introduced, and extended a cordial welcome to the visitors to the mountain city. Gen. W. B. Bate, a senator from Tennessee, was the iirst speaker. His address presented the southern view of the causes leading to the war. Gen. Rate was followed by Gen. Charles H. Grosvenor, a representative in congress from Ohio. Referring to the departure of GovId orton and staff from the platform at the battlefield Thursday, Speaker Hamilton Fish, of New York, said: “Gov. Morton, recognising the fact that this was an occasion when only the heroes who fought on this ground should speak, concluded to leave before he was called upon to make an address. New York state had no troops at Chickamauga, therefore why should its governor weary an audience already tired by an oppressively hot suu? Gov. Morton retired from the stage at a most opportune moment.” t«MT OF XOBTilKRN VIRGINIA RKUNION. At night a joint committee of the sur*

ihw* of the army of northern VIrffc ala and that portion of the army of the Potomac which fought at Chiekatnauga was held. Goa. Walthall, of Mississippi, presided. Got. Os tee, of Alabama, who lost aa arm in the battle, delivered an oration bristling with patriotism and bitter-sweet reminiscences. CoL Lewis Stedman, of New York, and Gen. J. A. Williamson, of Ohio, further pursued the course of eloquence, and evoked bursts of patrl* t otic applause. The flag of the “Rock of Cbiekamauga” is in the city, as welcome in Dixie land as it was unwelcome in ’63. and everywhere, from both sides, its appearanoe is the incentive for ovations. Particularly proud of the old tattered emblem are the Ohioans, who are prodigally represented here. Ohio has a deep and lasting interest in the historic battleground. and her monuments are strikingly handsome ones, especially so ia the Eighteenth Ohio on Snodgrass hill. There are many distinguished men and women here who are not taking an active part in the exercises. Among them are Gen. Longstrcet, Gen. Lew Wallace, Mrs. John A. Logan, Senator Joe Blackburn and others. The whole affair is, as it were, a regeneration of j patriotism and fraternal unity. By | the silent sentinels and over the pa- 1 thetic appealing graves of the “brave unknown,” the hand of fellowship has been clasped; “no north, no south, no east, no west, but one America, one ever-abiding, always-enduring Union.” The end of the celebration, the consummation of Webster’s “Liberty and Union, one, now and forever inseparable.” HEADING HOMEWAM*. Gov. Altgeld headed the train of outgoing officials. Be left at 1 a. m. At 8 o’clock the visiting members of the cabinet started on their return to Washington. In the afternoon the railroads were crowded to the utmost in handling the departing guests. Gov. Morton’s big eight-car special left at 3 o'clock for Atlanta, which is the next objective point in the journey of most of the visitors. Gov. Matthews of Indiana, with his large party, will leave for Indianapolis via Nashville Saturday morning. Indiana had nearly 1,000 visitors here. Gov. Rich and the Michigan delegation will remain until Saturday night. Part of the Michigan contingent will go to Atlanta. The Massachusetts delegation left by an evening train and will spend Saturday at Natural Bridge and Luray [caverns, Virginia. Thence they will proceed directly home, reaching Boston Sunday even

mg. PRESENTATION TO GEN. BOTNTON—RECEPTION TO DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. • At noon the citizens of Chattanooga paid compliments to Gen. B. V. Boynton, who originated the idea of making a national park of the battle* field of Chickamauga. A number of citizens, headed by CapK H. D. Chambers, chairman of tha executive committee of Chattanooga, and Hon. Adolph Ochs, of the Chattanooga Times, went to the general's office in the government building and presented him with a silver dinner set containing £23 pieces. It was a complete surprise to the veteran, and he was so overcome that he could scarcely express his thanks. A reception was tendered the vicepresident, Gen. Schofield and the visiting governors at night at the Read house. The following were present! Vice-President Stevenson, Gen. Schofield, Gov. McKinley of Ohio, Gov. Rich of Michigan, Gov. Greenhalge of Massachusetts, Gov. Oates of Alabama. Gov. Turney of Tennessee. Gov. McIntyre of Colorado, Gov. Holcomb of Nebraska, Gov. Morrill of Kansas, United States Senator Bate, Congress* man Benton McMillin. Gen. Grosvenof^ and other distinguished men. A battalion of the Tennessee Guard stood as a guard of honor. ON LOOKOUT'S SIDE. Tourists Rudely Shaken Up—Lost la a Cava. Chattanooga, Tenn., Sept. 21.—One truck of a passenger train on the broadgauge road to Lookout Mountain, while coming down the grade last evening was thrown from the track and the cab dragged over the ties for 200 or 300 feet. The passengers were badly shaken up and bruised, but none of them were seriously hurt Senator Peffer, of Kansas, received a cut over the right eye, which required a few stitches by the surgeon to close. A report was received at the police station last evening that three men had gone into a cave under Point Lookout Thursday morning, ancLbad not yet returned. The cavp^nad Hot yet been fully explored, itis said, but the galleries and passages have been penetrated a total length of three or four miles.

CHARLES LECLERQ, Til* Well-Known EoslUh Actor. S«o. caniba to Typhoid Fcrer In N»tr York. New York. Sept. 21.—Charles Leclerq. the actor, died of typhoid fever Thursday night at the New York hospital. He was taken ill a week ago last Monday. He grew worse and a doctor was summoned, who found that he had typhoid fever. He was removed to hospital on Wednesday of last week, and on Saturday his friends were notified that there was no chance of his recovery. Mr. Leclercq was born in England about fifty-four years ago. He belonged to a family of actors, his only surviving sister being Miss Rose Leclercq, well known on the London stage. His brother, who died several years ago, was Fechter’s stage manager for a long time, and his sister, Carlotta Leclercq. was also prominent on the English stage until her death recently. He was never married, and his only relative in this country is his nephew, Fuller M. Ellish, a member of Sir Henry Irving’s company, now playing in Montreal. He had been a m-ober of Augustin Daly’s company for the past sixteen years, and had become well known as a player of character old men's part*

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