Pike County Democrat, Volume 24, Number 33, Petersburg, Pike County, 29 December 1893 — Page 2

£hc pfe* County §tmomt M McC. 8TOOFS, Editor »nd ProprietorPETERSBURG. - - INDIANA. Wayne -MacVKAGH, of Pennsylvania, was confirmed as ambassador to Italy on the' 90th. Collector Kilbreth,' denies that frauds aggregating 91,000,000 in relation to tobacco refunds hpd been discovered in the New York customhouse. A cablegram of the 20th, from Pernambuco, says: The Brazilian cruiser Nictheroy, having’coaled and taken on board provisions and water, has gbpe south. The president, on the 19th, among a hatch of nominations transmitted to the senate, included that of Wayne MacVeaph, ot Pennsylvania, to be ambassador to Italy. The American members of the crew of the Nictheroy who went south to fight under Capt. Baker, are unwilling to continue in service under Capt. Nunez, the new commander, and talk of returning home. Owing to the fact that Manchester, England, will, on the 1st, become a port of entry, thpough the opening of the ship canal, the British admiralty will, after that date, have jurisdiction there as at the other ports, sIn presenting the new cabinet to the Italian chamber of deputies, on the ,20th, Premier Crispi declared that the ministry belonged to no party, but was inspired by the necessity of the situation, and demanded thfe support of the patriotic. The Kearsarge left New York, on the 20th, for San Domingo, under orders to destroy wrecks and derelicts in the path of navigation between New York and Key West. She is under general orders to cruise about the West Indies looking after the interests of Americans there.

A telegram received from Paris on the 19th stated that Senator Wolcott,! of Colorado, who went there for treatment, has had an operation performed for double hernia of the stomach by Dr. Lee liree, who says that his patient, after a few weeks’ perfect rest, ■will be better than ever. Robert Adams, Jr., ex-minister to Brazil, was, on the 19th, elected a member of congress from the second district of Pennsylvania to succeed the late Charles O'Neill. The democrats decided to make qo. nomination, but some of them voted for Mr. I. J. Griffin, the prohibition candidate. A verdict in the second of the .suits brought against the city of New Orleans on account of the lynching of the Italians at the parish prison on March 14, 1891, was rendered on the 19th. It awards $5,000 damages to young Marchese, alias Grimaldi, whose father was killed on that daj\ In the Italian chamber of deputies, on the 20th, a man in the public gallery sprang to his feet and, addressing his remafks to the new ministers, shouted: “You are a band of brigands!” He was at once placed under arrest and removed. The police say they believe the man to be an anarchist The latest reliable estimates of thei number of Philadelphia working people who are out of employment place the- figures at 50,000. This calculation is based on a house-to-honse canvass made by the police for the information of the citizens’ permaent relief committee. Hog cholera is epidemic in the neighborhood of Webster City, la., and the porkers are dying by the hundred. Geo. Reniker, the bonanza farmer of that clocality, whose acres number about 5,000, lias lost 400 fat marketable hogs. Another stock raiser has lost S00. It is believed the financial loss is about t45,0Q0fc' The physicians appointed by Judge Barrett to inquire into the mental condition of Juror Low, who was tak$n sick during the Meyer murder trial in New York, reported to Judge Barrett, on the 21st, that the juror was insane and incapable of sitting on the jury. Judge Barratt thereupon formally dismissed the jury.

The statement of the new Italian ministry, which was presented to the chamber on the 80th, deals almost exclusively with the finances of Italy. It is understood Premier Crispi proposes a reduction of 6,000,000 lire in the army, 4,000,000 in the navy, and about 10,000,000 lire in the other departments of the government. Replying to the offer of a company which has organized in Los Angeles, Cal., to go to Honolulu and fight for the provisional government. President Dole declines the proffered assistance, and says: “With the present forces we feel that we can successfully meet and overcome any attempt of the people here to restore the monarchy. ” Is the house of representatives, on the 19th, Mr. Wilson, from the committee on ways and means, presented the tariff bill, “A Bill to^teduce Taxation, to Provide Revenue for the Government and for Other Purposes,” and . moved that ft be printed and referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the Union, and it was so referred. A general engagement between the government forts at Rio Janeiro and the insurgent war ships in the harbor took place on the 18th. The government forces captured the island of Boll Jesus, from which the insurgents had theretofore obtained their water. The Aquidaban, the flagship of Admiral Mello, had returned to the fleet, damaged by the fire from the forts at the entrance of the harbor

CURRENT TOPICS. THE NEVE IN BEIEF. FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS. la the senate, on the 18th. after the routine morning business was disposed of the president's message In relation to Hawaiian affairs was laid before the body and read by the secretary. The reading of Mr. Gresham's Instructions to Minister Willis was called for and objected to, but after a long discussion the objection was withdrawn and the Instructions were read and, together with tha message, referred. Other proceedings of unusual Interest occupied the remainder of the session. In the house the urgency deficiency bill was considered in committee of the whole, during which the action of the pension commissioner In suspending pensions was made the subject of a heated debate, after which the committee arose and the president’s message was recel red and read, as were the Instructions $o Minister Willis. 1 % IN the senate, on the 19th, the most Important matter considered was a resolution offered by Mr. Frye calling for information from the secretary of state on the question of permitting foreign cable companies to land cables on the American coast. Most of the day’s session was consumed In long and uninteresting debates ef a partisan nature.In the house •he urgency deficiency bill was taken up. discussed, amended and passed. Mr, Wilson, from the committee on ways and means, presented the tariff bill, which was referred to the committee of the whole. □ In the senate, on the 90th, Secretary Carlisle’s report was received and referred. Mr. Hoar presented a petition on the subject of common roads, and Mr. Cockrell one to secure arrlal navigation. Mr. Frye's resolution calling for information as to permission to land a Brasilian telegraph cable was agreed to. The urgency deficiency bill was passed. A number of other less important measures were disposed of, and a joint agreement for adjournment from the 21st to January 3. for the holidays, was agreed to.In the house the New York and New Jersey bridge bill was passed, and the conference report on the urgency dellclenoy bill was agreed to. In the senate, on the 21st, Mr. Proctor introduced a bill to annex Utah to the state of Nevada, which was referred to the committee on territories. After other unimportant business the senate went Into executive session, after which the concurrent resolution for adjournment till Wednesday, January 3, was agreed to.Mr. Boutello introduced a privileged resolution inquiring into the lowering of the American flag in Honolulu by Commissioner Blount, which was referred to the committee on nuval affairs. Mr. Reed presented the minority report on the Wilson tariff bill, after which the house adjourned until January 3.

PERSONAL AND GENERAL. In the trial of the prisoners charged with defrauding the German railways by a system of bribery twenty-two railways servants were sentenced variously from three months to two years. Nineteen cattle dealers have been sentenced from ten to twelve months and heavy'flnes. The American Federation of Labor convention at Chicago adjourned sine die on the 19th. The next meeting will be held in Denver, Col. The appeals of five Chinese subjects from the judgment of the circuit court for the Northern district of California, refusing them release from the custody of the marshal' upon writs of habeas corpus, were dismissed in the supreme court of the United States on the 18th. The police of Barcelona, Spain, have unearthed several branches of an anarchist society and have seized documents and books pertaining to the cause. Many arrests are expected to follow. On Saturday, November 25, Mrs. Mary Gould, of New Bedford. Mass., gave birth to a bouncing 18-pound boy. Since then [Mrs. Gould has slept continuously, and the physicians in attendance are at a loss to account for the phenomenon. One of the mills grinding at the Dupont powder works near Wilmington, Del., exploded on the 19th. Edward Gallagher, aged 58, was instantly killed. Mrs. Henry Cook, of Burlington, N. J., fasted sixty davs. The end of her long abstinence from food came on the 19th with the end of her life. She was 40 years old, and a member of one of the oldest and most respected families of that section of New Jersey. L. P. Ryan and wife, aged 81 and 78 respectively, were found dead, on the morning of the 19th, at their home, a mile and a half from Winchester, O. It was apparent they had been murdered by robbers, though they had little to tempt burglars. An unsuccessful attempt was made, on the 18th, by a bomb-thrower in Breckinridge. Col., to assassinate President Engel of the State national bank. Marshall Field, the Chicago mil-, lionaire, created a sensation in the Waldorf hotel, on the evening of the 19th, by kicking a professional beggar, who had just threatened violence to a gentleman who declined to “give up,” into the street. David C. Smith, of Pomeroy, populist candidate for the Ohio legislature last fall, assigned, on the 19th, \\ith heavy liabilities. He was the owner of a large flouring mill and much real estate.

The urgency deficiency bill was passed by the house of representatives on the 19th. Irwin Moyneb, a young farm hand near Mulberry, Ind., was found dead in the woods on the night of the 18th. He had been on a debauch, lost his way and froze to death. Five liun-. dred dollars in cash was found in his poclcets. Moyner was unmarried and employed by David Bolyard, a wealthy farmer. p The body of John Grayson, a peddler, : was found, on the morning of the 19th, near Perkins, Okla. There were six bullet holes in the body, and on the breast of the dead man was pinned the placard “Death to Informants.” The tragedy is shrouded in mystery. Thomas B. Barnett, the reckless and desperate street robber, who was shot in Kansas City, Mo., on the morning of the 18th, by Jacob Barnes while in the act of robbing Isaac Thompson, a negro, died at the city hospital on the 19th. Ward Briggs, a young man whose home is in Pratt, Kas., attempted to commit suicide at Wichita, Kas., on the 19th, by cutting his throat with a common pocket-knife. His parents are quite wealthy, his father being the senior member of the firm of Briggs Bros., who own a large a dry goods store as there is in western Kansas. Young Briggs is a victim of drink.

Three Ironwadfl (Mleh.) policemen are under arrest Charged with stealing flour and sugar from public relief stores. Slu hundred pounds of flour and 100 pounds of sugar were stolen, and the crime traced to them. Four, young people skating on Chocolate lake. 4 miles from Halifax, N. 8., on the 19th, broke through the ice and were drowned. Three were named Doyle, two boys and a girl. The fourth was a boy named Neill from the industrial school. Mrs. Doyle nearly lost her life in attempting to rescue her children. Fire, on the night of the 19th, in the 'Hail & Hayward Co.’s candy and cracker factory at Louisville, Ky.. destroyed property to the amount of 850,000. The fire is supposed to have originated in the hot air shaft. The factory was the largest of its kind in the south. Miss Martha Humbert, an 18-year-old girl of Lafayette, Ind., a ward of Barney Spitznagle, a prosperous business man, together with her sister, Addie, of Monticello, Ind., has fallen heir to an estate valued at 9150,000 by the death of an uncle, William Harrington, a South Dakota farmer. A portion of the legacy, a handsome amount of cash, has been received. After a brief but successful speculative career in Wall street Louis Raphael Morgenthau, who is said to have l>een the son of a wealthy London wine merchant, wound \ip a debauch shortly after midnight, on the 19th, by sending a bullet through his brain in the bedroom of his apartments in New York citv. _

11. P. Lucas, known all oyer the trotting-horse worfd as “Pike.” died, on the" 10th, at Baltimore, Md., aged 47. “Pike” contributed many articles to the sporting journals of the country. On the 20tli the house committee on territories authorized a favorable report on the bill providing for the admission of Oklahoma as a state. James M. Doyle, late cashier of the mint at New Orleans, was indicted, on the 20th, by the federal grand jury, for the embezzlement of 825,000.. Samuel Sinclair, publisher of the New York Tribune from 1S5S to 1873, died at his home in New York city on the 20th. A gang of fifteen tramps held up and robbed a deputy sheriff and two policemen at Oskaloosa, la., on the 81st, of all their valuables. One tramp was fatally shot :and the deputy was badly bruised. The town and vicinity being badly overrun with the vagabonds, the militia was called out to protect the place. The socialist, Moore, who wounded M. Lockroy with a revolver on August 13, was sentenced, on the 21st, at the Seine assizes, in Paris, to six years’ penal servitude, to be followed with six years’ banishment from the country. Moore denied that he intended to kill M. Lockroy. Three men were killed in the mine workings of Oak Hill colliery at Delaware, near Minersville, Pa., on the 31st, by a large body of water breaking into the gangway from an old mine in Black valley that was abandoned sixty years ago and allowed to fill with water. The cruiser New York was successfully docked at the Brooklyn navy yard, on the 21st, with all her guns and nearly 400 tons of coal aboard. Ex-Gor. Alfred H. Littlefield died at his home in Lincoln, R. I., on the 21st, of a complication of lung diseases. On the 21st President Wilson of the health board estimated the number of New Y'ork's unemployed at 77,000.

LATE NEWS'ITEMS, Of 200 Russian veteran soldiers poisoned by eating putrid meat contained in pies at the recent annual banquet held in the winter palace at St. Petersburg of the soldiers decorated with the cross of St. Andrew and St. George, thirty-six had died, up to the 22d, and 160 were still in a serious condition. Lewis A. Hill, paying teller of the St. Nicholas bank of New York, was arrested in Newark, N. J., on the=23d, on a bench warrant issued by Judge Martine, on the showing that he was $42,000 short in his accounts. The prisoner was admitted to $20,000 bail by Crijninal Judge Kalish. Lieut. J. J. Conway and sixty members of the crew that took the dynamite cruiser Nictheroy from New York to Pernambuco, started for home on the 23d, having refused the wages offered by the Brazilian government for their further services. The grand jury at Perry, Okla., has made a partial report returning indictments against Land Office Register Malone for issuing filing papers to men who were never near the land office, and against Chief Clerk Handlan for accepting tribes. Auguste Vaillant, the anarchist under arrest for causing the explosion in the French chamber of deputies, had received donations, up to the 22d, amounting to 3,000 francs since he was lodged in prison. S. H. Hart, former president of the State bank, of Buckley, Wash., has been arrested in Baltimore, Md., on the charge of embezzling $30,000 of the funds of that bank. Failures throughout the United States for the week ended on the 22d were 344, against 2S3 for the corresponding week last year. For Canada 37, against 18 last year. The impeachment trial of ex-Minis-ters Avakoumowitch and Vormer and thejr colleagues in the former Servian radical cabinet, is in progress at Belgrade. A petition against the proposed tax on tobacco has been circulated in various parts of the German empire, and has received 995,000 signatures. Seth L. Keeney, formerly president of the Commercial bank of Brooklyn, was arrested, on the 22d, on a warrant charging him with perjury. The jury in the Monson case, the “Ardlamont Mystery,” at Edinburgh, Scotland, rendered a verdict, on the «2d, of “not proven.” The Italian chamber of deputies adjourned, on the 22d, for the holidays, It will reconvene January 85.

THE WILSON TARIFF. The Majority Report ftf the Committee on Ways and Means, * _ embracing the Customs Feature* of the BUI, Presented In the Iloase—The Minority Will he Heard From Later On. Washington, Dec. 19.—In the honse this afternoon, Mr. Wilson, from the committee on ways and means, presented the majority views accompanying the bill “To Reduce Taxation, to Provide Revenue for the Government and for Other Purposes,’.’ and it was referred to committee of the whole on the state of the Union. The report is as follows: "’he American people, after the fullest and most thorough debate ever given by any people to their tlscal policy, have deliberately and rightly decided that the existing tariff is wrong in principle and grieviously unjust in operation. Continuing, the report says: They have decided, as free men must always decide, that the. power of taxation has no lawful or constitutional exercise except for providing revenue for the support of government. Every departure from this principle is a departure from the fundamental principles of popular institutions, and inevitably works out a gross inequality in the citizenship of a country. For more than thirty years we have levied the largest part of our federal taxes in violation of this vital truth, until we have reached in the existing tariff an extreme and voluminous of class taxation to which history may be challenged to furnish any parallel. So many private enterprises have been taken into partnership with the government, so many private interests now share In the prerogative of taxing 70,000,OOUs, people. that any attempt to dissolve . this illegal k union is necessarily encountered by an opposition that rallies behind it the intolerance of monopoly, the power of concentrated wealth, the inertia of fixed habits, and tho honest errors of a generation of false teachings. The bill on which the committee has expended much patient and anxious labor is not offered as a com

piece response to me mandate or me American people. It no more professes to be purged of all protection than to be free of all error in its complex and manifold details. However, we may deny the existence of any legislative pledge, of or the right of any congress to make such pledge for the oentinuance of duties that carry with them more or less acknowledged protection, we must recognize that great interests do exist,whose existence and prosperity it is no port of our reform either to imperil or to curtail. Wo believe, and we have the warrant of our own past experience for believing, that reduction of duties will not Injure but give more abundant life to all our manufacturing industries, however much they may dread the change. In dealing with the tariff question as with every other long-stand-ing abuse that has interwoven itself with our social or industrial system, the legislator must always remember that in the beginning temperate reform is safest having in itself the principle of growth. A glance at the tariff legislation of our own country ought to satisfy every intelligent student that protection has always shown its falsity as a system of economy by absolute failure to insure healthy and stable prosperity to manufactures. It teaches men to depend on artificial help, on laws taxing their countrymen for prosperity in business, rather than upon their own skill and effort. It throws business out of its natural channels into artificial channels where there must always be fluctuation and uncertainty, and it makes a tariff system the foot-ball or party politics and the stability of large business interests the stake of every popular election. None have recognized this truth more fully than the wiser men who from time to time have engaged in tho socalled protected industries. Years ago Edward Everett stated in an oration at Lowell that the sagacious men who founded the manufactures of New England were never friends of a high tariff policy. Hon. Amasa Walker, a former member of this house from Massachusetts, and one of our foremost writers on economio questions, declared it to be within his own personal knowledge that when the proposal was made to impose the protective tariff of 1816 the leading manufacturers of Rhode Island.amongst whom was Mr. Slater, the father of cotton spinning in this country, met at the counting room of one of their number, and after deliberate consideration, came unanimously to the conclusion that they would rather be let alone; their business had grown up natually and succeeded well, and they felt confident of its continued prosperity. if let alone by the government. They argued that by laying a protective tariff their business would be thrown out of its natural channels and subjected to fluctuation and uncertainty. But. as usual, the clamor of selfish and less far-sighted men and the ambition of lawmakers to usurp the place of Providence prevailed. The country entered on a protective policy, with the unfailing result that government help begot a violent demand for more government help. The moderate tariff of 1816 rapidly grew into the “tariff of abominations" that carried the country to a verge of civil discord and provoked a natural revulsion. Protection has run a like course since 1861. When congress began to repeal war burdens and to relieve manufacturers of the Internal taxes, which they had used to secure compensating duties on like foreign products, there rose a demand throughout the country, without respect to party, for a reduction of the war tariff. Unable to resist this demand, the protected industries baffled and thwarted any reduction of consequence until 1872, when they defeated a house bill that did make a substantial reduction, by substituting a senate bill which carried a horizontal cut of 10 per cent. A3 soon, however, as the election of 1871 gave the next house to the democratic party, that bill was repealed by the outgoing republicans, land rates restored to what they were before 1872. And although the demand for tariff reform and reduction of taxes has ever since been a burning and a growing one in the country, the protected industries have exacted and received from every republican congress elected since 1871 an increase of their protection, occasionally permitting the repeal or the lessening of a tax that-was paid into the treasury in order to keep away from or to increase duties levied tor their benefit. Protection left to its natural momentum never stops short of prohibition, and prohibitory walls are always needing to be built higher or to be patched and strengthened. A protective tariff never has and never can give stability and ■ satisfaction to its own beneficiaries. Even if its victims are too weak or too scattered to agitate for its decrease, those beneflcia ries are sure to agitate for an increase. When tho reform tariff of 1816was before congress the legislature was full of prophecies that it would destroy our manufacturing industries, throw labor out of emDlovment. or to compel it to work at pauper

wages, and -dwarf and arrest the prosperous growth of the country. Every representative of four great manufacturing states of New England voted against it with gloomy forebodings of its blighting effect. The rate of dutlea provided in that tariff was much lower than those of. the bill we here offer. What was the result? Instead of paralyzing the In dustrles and pauperizing the labor of New England. or the rest of the country, the tariff of 1848 gave immense vigor to manufacture with steady employment and Increasing wages to labor. So that after several years’ experience under It, the longest period of stability we have ever enjoyed under any tariff, the representatives of those same states with practical unanimity voted for a further reduction of 23 per cent., and by a two-thirds vote sustained the tariff of 1857, which made a reduction of 35 per centum. And so well contented and prosperous were the manufacturers of that and other sections of the country under the low rates of the tariff ol 1857 that when the Morrill bill of 18*1 took the Brst backward step there was a general protest against It. Hon- Alexander Bice, of Massachusetts, said In ths hours:

“The manufacturer asks no addiUo* al protection. He has learned among other things that the greatest evil next to a ruinous competition from foreign sources is an excessive protection which stimulates a like ruinous and irresponsible competition at home. [Congressional Globe 1*50-00, page 1607] Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, said: "When Mr. Stanton says the manufacturers are urging and pressing this bill, he says what he must certainly know is not correct: the manufacturers have asked over and over again to be let alone."— [Ibid SUM.] Mr. Morrill has since said that the tariff of 1861 was not asked for. and but coldly welcomed by manufacturers [Congressional Globe 180&-TJ, page $195 j. Senator R. M. Hunter, t>t Virginia, then chairman of the senate finance committee, said: "Have any of the manufacturers come here to complain or ask for new duties? Is it not notorious that if we were to leave it to the manufacturers of New England themselves, to the manufacturers of hardware, textile fabrics, etc., there would be a targe majority against any change? Do we not know that the woolen manufacture dates it revival from tho. tariff of 185', which altered the duties on wool?" The history of American industry shows that during no other period has there been a more healthy and rapid development of oyr manufacturing industry than during the fifteen years of low tariff from 1846 to 1841. nor a more healthy and harmonious growth of agriculture and all the other great Industries of the country. No chapter in our political experten ce carries with it a more salutary lession than this, and none could appeal more strongly to lawmakers to establish a just and rational system of publto revenues, neither exhausting agriculture by constant blood-letting, nor keeping manufactures alternating between chills and fevers by artificial pampering. In this direction alone lies stability, concord of sections, and of great industries. We have already said that public discussion may disclose errors of minor detail in the schedules of our bill. To escape Such errors would require so thorough and minute a knowledge of all the divisions. sub-divisions, complex and manifold mazes and involutions of our chemical, textile, metal and other industries, that no committee of congress, no matter how extended the range of their personal knowledge, or how laborious and painstaking their efforts, could ever hope to possess.

we nave not forgotten that we represent the people, who are the many, as well as the protected interests, who are the few, and while we have dealt with the latter in no spirit of unfriendliness, we have felt that it was our duty and not their /privilege to make the tarifT schedules. Ttiose who concede the right of benetlcianes to tix their own bounties must necessarily commit to them the framing and wording of the law by which, those bounties are secured to them.t A committee of congress thus is kAerejy ihe amanuensis of the protected interests. It has been shown so clearly and so ofteh; :inc the debates of this house, that nearlyv.bvfty lip portant schedule of the existing law wits made in its very words and figures by representatives of the interests it was framed to protect that it is unnecessary in our report to present the record proof of this fact, but it^may not^be amiss to cite further evidence to sh6w thht tnU; is not only the necessary rule, but the open and avowed method of framing protective tariffs. When the senate substitute for the bill passed by this house in the Fiftieth congress— which substitute is the real basis of the existing law—was being prepared. Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts, appeared before the senate sub-committee and used this language: “Instead of coming before your sub-committee for a formal hearing on our Massachusetts industries I thought the best way was to carefully prepare a table of all the various industries, perhaps sixty or seventy in all, and ask Brother Aldrich to go over them with me and ascertain what the people wanted in each case, and if there were any cases where the committee had not already done exactly what the petitioners desired or had not inflexibly passed upon the question. I could have a hearing before you. but 1 find in every instance the action of the committee, as Mr. Aldrich thinks it likely to be, as entirely satisfactory to the interests I represent, with the exception of one or two. and the papers in regard to those cases 1 have handed to Mr. Aldrich.” * No stronger indictment of the whole prote^tive^ys'tem eould be made than that which is unconsciously carried in these words of a j United States senator, that laws which impose taxes on the great masses of people must be written in language ^o technical that the most intelligent citizen can not fully understand them, and that the rates of taxation should be dictated by the selfishness and greed of those who are to receive the taxes. We have believed that the first step toward a i reform of the tariff should be a release of the taxes on the materials of industry. Thefe can be no substantial and beneficial reduction upon the necessary clothing and other comforts of the American people, nor any substantial and beneficial enlargement of the field of American labor, as long as we tax materials , and processes of production. Every tax upon the producer falls with increased force on the consumer. Every tax on the producer in this country is a protection to his competitors in all other countries, and so narrows his market as to limit the number and lessen the wages of those to whom he can give employment. Iron and coal are the basis of modern industry. The abundance and cheapness of their supply offers us in many lines of productions the manufacturing supremacy of the world. While the mines of other countries are becoming exhausted, and the cost of consequence is increasing, we are stantly discovering and developing sources of supply The discovery of the mense beds of Bessemer ores in the lake region, and of foundry ores in several of the southern states, their convenience for trans ‘ portation and for the assemblage of materials, the use of the steam shovel in mining—all thes<^ have so cheapened the cost of producing iron and steel as to take away all possibility; and danger of foreign competition in almost every part of the country. Not less rapid has • been the growth of bur coal production. The coal area of the United States as stated by Mr. Saward in the Coal Trade for 1893, is estimated at 192,(WO square miles, of which 120,000 can be comfortably worked at present. Ttds coal area is over three times larger than that of the rest of the world combined- The existing duty of seventyfive cents a ton on Iron ore and on bituminous coal can not be justified either as a protective or a revenue duty. The importations into this country are too small to add materially to our revenue, while no one contends that the cost of mining is higher in the United States than in the countries that might seek our market. It could never have been intended that legislation which establishes perfect freedom of internal trade among the states should countenance laws that hold one section of the "Union, however remote, tributary to other sections for the supplies of those necessary materials whose location is ordained by natural law, and not by human

choice. This house in two congresses in recent years haring, after fun debate, passed laws putting wool upon the free list, it is not deemed necessary in this report to attempt a restatement of the reasons for doing so. It is enough to say that the tariff upon wool, while bringing no real benefit to the American wool-grower, least of all to the American farmer who. in any balancing of accounts, must see that he yearly pays out a good dollar for every doubtful dime he may receive under its operation, has disastrously hampered our manufactures and made cruel and relentless war upon the health, the comfort and the productive energy of the American people. Logs are already on the free list. Wo have gone a step farther and put undressed lumber generally on that list. This may serve to cheapen and improve the dwelling-houses of some of our people, but it is justified if it shall accomplish nothing more than to delay- the rapid destruction of American forests. We have also placed hemp and flax unhacked on the free list for the reasons stated above, that we may give to the American workingman untaxed material to ' work with and that we may give the finished product, as far as possible, to the consumer with but a single tax, and that a moderate one, instead of a medley and cumulation of taxes gathered during the process of the production.

In addition to theaa so-cflled raw material* we have released from utrrtff duties certain' a important articles and manufactures which we hare shown our capacity to produce cheaper than any other country, ouch as pig copper and the* more Important agricultural implements. Any article or manufacture which ran sustain the competition of like foreign articles In other markets, can defy such competition in the home market, and is net protected by the duty, but by Its own intrinsic superior cheapness and quality. The only effect of a duty on such articles is to enable those who make them to charge higher prices to the citizens of their own country than they charge to foreigners, and this has been notoriously the case with both copper and many agricultural implements. In adjusting duties upon w-)u»t may be called the finished product, we have tried to impose such rates as will not destroy or distress any of our home Industries on the one hand, nor on tho other secure to them an oppressive monopoly of the home market. For this rule we have the recognized authority both of well-known and leading tariff reformers and of those who in days past were considered moderate protectionists. It is neither necessary nor practicable In this report to specify the particular reductions wo have made upon the long list of articles that still remain in the dutiable list. Tbe tables wbicb have been prepared for use of members of the house and heretofore outlined, giva information as to these changes. Recognizing that the American farmer has been through maay years the patient victim of the protective system: that he has been Induced to support it under the delusive promise that by Immense sacrifices he was buying for himself n home market, and that promised home market is further from him to-day than over before, we have aimed to secure for him such relaxation of burdens as will permit him to enjoy more of the fruits of his own hard and faithful labor. To the farmers: of the countyr we have given untaxed agricultural Implements and binding twine and untaxed cotton ties, for additional reason in the latter case that cotton Is the largest export cron of tho country sold abroad In competition with the cheap labor of India and of -Egypt, believing that it was sufficient for the private tax-gatherer to follow the farmer in the markets of his own country and not topursue him into all the markets of the world. As cotton . bagging can be used but once, we have thought it but just to extend the draw.jack system to such bagging rnude of jute, but this when used upon our exported cotton, a privilege which the exporter of wheat can already now enjoy, coupled with the further advantage that the same bags may be used for successive exportation of grain.

The average rate of duties levied under the existing law upon the dutiable goods imported in 18&2. was 48.71 per cent. Had the duties proposed in the present bill been levied upon . that year's importation of dutiable goods, the average rate, including those we have transferred to the freo list, would have been 33.31 per cent., but so many of the rates of the present law are really prohibitory, it is impossible to say what its real rate of taxation is, yet it is safe to affirm that it - is much higher than any import tables will disclose, it must be understood, however, that th* rates above mentioned can only be l called Closely approximate and not mathemat- | ically accurate, but they illustrate the extent of the reductions proposed by the present bill, and the relief which it will give to the taxpayer, aud especially to the laborers of this t country. Taking the importations of 18y2. the latest which were accessible to, the committee when its tables were prepared, the new rates would operate a reduction of hearly one-third of the duties collected under thetarlfT,but this great reduction in taxes actually paid to the government is no measure of the lightening of burden to the tax payers of the country. That reduction may be estimated at several times more than the reduction of taxes. Such a reform of tariff must quicken every industry, must open a larger held for the employment of labor, must secure more working days at steadier wages, a larger return in the comforts and goods of life for its labor; while that great body of our people mucb larger, as Mr. Edward Atkinson has clearly proved, than all engaged in industries liable te foreign competition, who produce our great surplus crops and products, agricultural and mechanical, for foreign markets, will derive two-fold benefit, first, in increasing the number of articles for which they may profitably exchange their products: and. secondly, in diminishing the government line imposed upon them when they return with those crops to their own country'. > It may be said that we are not justified in making such a large reduction in revenue at » time when government receipts and expenditures can no longer be balanced, and when some new sources of temporary revenue must be sought for. We have been competed to retain some articles upon the dutiable listed, to leave some duties higher than we desired because of the present necessities of the—‘treasury, but we have not * felt that apy temporary shrinkage of revenue should deter us from carrying out as faithfully and as effectually as we could the instructions given by the American people when this congress was put into power. Our owu experience and that of other countries has shown that; decrease of tarifT duties immediately opciates such an enlargement of commerce, of production and consumption as rap-idly-to make up any apparent loss of revenue threatened by those productions. A DEADLY BOMB That Wad Found Unexploded lu the Lyceum Theater—Police Discovery la Barcelona. , London, Dec. 20.—The correspondent at Barcelona of the Central News says that the police have unearthed several branches of an anarchist society and have seized documents and books pertaining? to the cause. Many arrests are expected to follow. The documents, seized disclose the names of those belonging to the society and their modus ojierandi. The rules are framed on the most stringent lines, and death is threatened to traitors to the society. Elaborate precautions are laid down for the safety of members. The poliee have also traced the makers of six bombs that were discovered in various places in Barcelona. A majority of these bomb-makers are already in prison. The analysis of experts who examined the bomb thrown into the Lyceum theater that did not explode has been published. The bomb weighed a kilogramme, and the casing was a centimeter thick. The missile was divided into two parts. The first section, which was roughly made, contained eleven tubes. The sgcond section displayed better workmanship. This contained nine tubes. The experts state that had this bomb exploded scarcely anyone in the exposed parts of the theater would have escaped alive. The only thing that prevented itsexplosioD was its faulty make.

A Baby Drowned. St. Louis. Dec. 25.—The body of at? weeks-old mule infant was taken from the river Monday at East Carondelet. Coroner Campbell held a inquest yesterday, but was .unable to learn auythifljf about the child's parentage. It was evident that the babe had been drowned, and a verdict to that effect was rendered. Powder Mill Explosion. Wilmington, Del., Dec. 20.—One ol the powder mills at the Dupont pow. der works, near here, exploded yesterday morning. Ed ward Gallagher, wged. 53, was instantly killed.