Pike County Democrat, Volume 14, Number 43, Petersburg, Pike County, 7 March 1884 — Page 4

— ■« . ,. PuMUhiwi Kvwry PKTKRSniJKW, . . * INDIANA munT. ® « th»u»hWri»plrinjr Nl*ht! Hnahlf llww Miw ftjr Mitreljo power; fc***1*' *.*>*»» ihy tuUrht ,T\»relm woalt moMMl lit hi* darkest hour: tJurewUivf thy robe oVr nil tbe umss of’eare, »ou Utdu the sorrowful no more despair. ■ TMwuMjjfcta lira YOU thou bW'st thytoroht'astlnv on •wrih a holy, peaceful llyht. My heart adores thee In thy calm dlvlue, la OMMlted by thee, o hope-lusplrlog Nl*ht! Att auxhius thoughts, all evil bodlwrs By: My soul doth rest, since thou, 0 Night! art XUf tu When thou hast cast o’er all the sleeping landfhy darkened robe, the symbol of thy state, Alone beneath Heaven’s mightiness I standi. Musing on life, eternity and fate; -Mayhap with concentrated thought I try *°P'jtery*kf cionld of Heaven's great mys®«sic in the air I hear. w“f® rfypling waters failing soft and low; ?utb soul enraptured do I list, yet fear— -iis not such music as we mortals know; It wafts the soul from earthly things away, -Leaving behind the senseless frame of clay. JFnends, kindly faces crowd around me there. * Friends loved the better since they passed away, Leaving a legacy of wild despair— And now I see them as in full orb’d day, The long-lamented once again descry, -Bask in each smile, gaze in each speaking eye. D blest reunion. Night’s almighty gift, te unto the thoughtful mind; Lent- for a time v>im> mu m,* ui uuu When memory can o’er the clouds uplift The startled soul away from all mankind, Throw wide eternity’s majestic gate, A nd grant a view of the immortal state. And thou, O Night! who canst these spirits raise, / Giv’st immortality to mortal eyes. To thee I tune mine unadorned praise. And chant thy glories to the list’ning skies; Waft, O yo winds! the floating notes along; Ye woods and mountains, echo back the song. —Bobvrt A. NcUson, in Ciiambers' Journal. ■» • «r- ifCRYPTOGRAPHY. Since early times men have devised ■Various ways of sending important intelligence in a manner so effectually disguised that only those ff^f whom the news was intended should bo able to understand the meaning of what was Written. Until comparatively recent years diplomats, statesmen" and military or naval commanders were the principal persons compelled by circumstances to Keep their affairs or their intended movements shrouded in secrecy. So long as there was no regular postal service, important letters were sent bf courier, and thus the weightiest secrets were often at the ^prey of one inclined to be dishonest. Before the spread of education, and at a time when few possessed a knowledge of any other language than their own, to indite a letter or a dispatch in a foreign tongue was usually ample protection against a surreptitious prying into its contents. But it is now many years since this safeguard was broken down, and it became necessary for all who did not want their correspondence known to interested parties to contrive some means of communicating with the pen that would defy scrutiny. Hence there came into extensive use the art of writing in cipher, called cryptography, from two Greek

covered, however, that existing methods of cipher-writing were unadaptei to telegraphy; the costliness of the new invention necessitated brevity; anclthns it was not long before there went whirl - ing over the Wire messages of ten words that, properly deciphered, included from thirty to fifty. * i A great proportion of commorcisl messages—orders to buy and sell and the like—are similar in their terms, and hence it is that, a single word representing three or four words in frequei t nsa is the plan on which our present cable cryptography Is based, whereby there is annually a large saving in expense, j Then, too, is trade increased and competition became fierce, every firm wanted its own cipher system, distinct from any used by other houses in the same business; and reflection will enable us to appreciate the vast numlier of separate ciphers in use in a great commercial center like New York City.; Therefore, in course, of time, the preparation of cipher 'Systems for merchants and others using the telegraph largely has come to be a regular calling, and in every large city the sign “Cable Codes” is to be seen. At one of these offices we may be accommodated with a code of from, fifty to five thousand words, at a cost of hundreds of cents or of hundreds of dollars. Most of these codes are alphabetically arranged in parallel columns, like shipping signals—the English words and phrases in one column, and their eipher equivalents in another. To! such magnitude has this business grown that all languages s.re ransacked tor sui table cryptographic codes, and every day sees their preparation growing more complicated ana costly. The modern telegraphic signal!) and our various systems of short-hand may be called examples of cipher-writing, though in these cases, of course, speed and brevity are aimed at, not secrecy. Not seldom very puzzling cryptograms appear on inscriptions. The reader will doubtless recall the amusing instance narrated in “The Pickwick Papers.” There exists at the present time, ; on a tombstone in Trinity Church-yard, Nevr York, a cryptogram that has often bothered many visitors to that historic spot. Recently, however, there appeared in a metropolitan newspaper a solution so interesting as to be worthy of preservation, more especially as this cryptogram is a capital example of a “private alphabet.” The inscription in question is on. the head-stone at, the grave of James; Leeson, in the up-town corner neai^Broadway. It is quite well preserved, and runs thus: ® I As a correspondent of the journal re ferred to says, it is apparent that th characters in tliis device are a com bine tion of straight lines and dots. aThes may be obtained from the followin “quadruple crosses:” But as there are three crosses, s there are three sets of signs of siinils

words meaning “secret” and “to write.” Under this term are included all private alphabets or system of characters for the safe transmission of secrets. As fast as one deviee was discovered, human ingenuity contrived another still more intricate. A cipher sufficiently perplexing for all ordinary purposes is found by using the alphabet of any language in an im verted order, taking Z for A, Y for B, A fni* a nr) n/\ am . - -- - - - - ■ 1 i* • X for 0, and so on; examples of this may often be seen in the advertising columns of our great dailies. When it is only desired to write a cryptogram, aud not print it, such other characters may be used as are mutually agreed upon by correspondents, or the -alphabet may be transposed in other ■way*. A figured cipher is one in which thfc letters of the alphabet are numbered, and these numbers compose the ciyptogram. To insure secrecy it is, of course, necessary that the particular series of numbers chosen shall be known only to those who use the cipher. Another plan consisted in choosing a certain book*—a dictionary appears to have been the favorite—and by a simple citation of the number of the page, of the column and of the line, sentences •were constructed, the key to which w as extremely difficult of discovery by one not in the secret. But ns the number of different dictionaries was ■ necessarily limited, the mystery could usually be solved by any one willing to devote time and patience to hunting up the particul ar oDe adopted. Various other nooks have been similarly used, such as spelling-books, and eyen the Bible. But the se systems were cumbersome,and were all more or less open to detection. Still, with devices such as these, more or less ingenious, the world was fain to be content until about forty years ago, when a scientific discovery was made that indirectly converted cryptography ^kinto a recognized calling, requiring ■bought, labor and inventive ability. ■ The opening years of the second half ■of our century found the world in ■ amazement over the then recent inven- ■ lion of telegraphy. Since that time the ■ earth has been girdled with wires, am ■ there is; now scarcely any place of nofi V unconnected by electricity with the rd ■ rnotest seat of civilization. Myriads ■ messages were soon sent flying overt' r earth or flashing under the sea; theme ey-kings and the monarchs of trade wd quick t o avail themselves of the new if speedier mode of controlling the worill markets, and soon became its best - Irons; statesmen and diplomats sa„ their respective cabinets and receit intelligence in one short hour tf must formerly bare taken weeks to 1 them. Imm ediately a new want nude it. felt. Secrecy had been sacrificed at t jihrine of speed. If the mail was si, it afforded privacy, but the contents re of necessit - ..- the sender an the minister, the ban!

appearance. These are distinguished one from another by dots, as in the annexed key—one dot for the signs de rived from the first cross, two dots for the signs in the second cross, while those from the third cross are unmarked: J and i are assumed to be identical, which is allowable, as it was only in comparatively recent vears that the former was added to our alphabet. By aid of these clews we are enabled to ste that the Trinity cryptogram stands for “Remember Death'.”. Printers tell ns that in the English language the letter e is most used, while x and z are wanted the least, often. After e come t, », s, o, o, i, It, l, >, u, a, m, f, p, w, y, g, b, v, k, g and j, in order of frequency. If we tabulate this statement we get something near the following tratios: e - 1000 1 - 474 u- 185 d - 185 m - 140 f- 130 p- 130 t - 885 h- 3X n- 505 18 - 495 c - SCO a - 490 r - aw o- 480 w- 130 k — JO y -100 q - 8 K- 85 J- 7 b- 60 x- « v - 60 X- 6 Keeping the above in mind, and remembering th at the is a frequent ly recurring word in English composition, will materially aid one who essays to unlock some seemingly intricate oiypbigram. In those cipher systems in common use the character appearingoftenest, whatever it may be, will pre bab y stand for the letter e; if this can be determined, an important step is gained.

Keyword, and upon the sncceafwT p which the latter is concealed drpenS .whether the cipher remains undeci-phei-able. Now, let ns suppose the kej-woid

“The battle Is low." The two are written, one beneath the other, as follows: The first letter in the top line is », ana the one under it is & Finding n in the top horizontal line of the diagram, we also look for t in the left-hand perpendicular column, and, following the perpendicular column from »■ downward to where the horizontal line from t intersects it, we find A at that angle. Proceeding in this manner with the rest of the sentence, we obtain this cryptogram: HWY YJHBEY JG P.'IGA. That all ordinary means of cipherreading would fail to solve this may bo inferred from the fact that the letter t. which occurs four times in the message, is represented in the cipher first by A, secondly by «, thirdly by 6, and fourthly by ~ a. The “undecipherable cipher’’ is fully equal to its name. If the key-word be not long enough, or too long for the message, it is repeated as many times as are neeassary, or a fraction of it may be used. To unlock the cryptogram the key-vrord is applied and the process reversed. . Recently a Danish civil engineer invented a machine for cipher-writing, which he calls “The Cryptograph. ’ This apparatus is constructed on the general plan of the type-wri teb, has forty-one signs worked by the same number of tangents or keys. It can be so arranged that two persons, having agreed upou a key-word, may communicate with each other in a sign language unintelligible to others not j acquainted with the particular key-wOrd. All that is necessary is for each correspondent to possess one of the machines set in the same manner. The combinations possible are said to be practically endless.—Harper's Bazar.

Narrow Escape of a Cuaarder. The leaning of the public mind toward a determination to find a victim for public censure who shall be held responsible for the loss of the Columbus inclines me to send you a statement that may in some way modify the existing state of things concerning the late wreck. In the summer of 1867 I took passage in the China, of the Cunard line, for Liverpool.j We had a very dismal run across the Atlantic, rain alternating with thick fog for twelve days, the ship rolling incessantly, and every night becoming a new horror in the constantly-increasing fear that something would happen to the steamer. Fastnet Light, oft' the coast of Ireland, was seen tor a few minutes during a fog-lift on the evening of the thirteenth day, and the Captain told us, one and all, that our wretched passage would spon be over. The night that followed was densely black and very stormy, bat the ship was under full sail, and was driven through tremendous seas with all steam on. I turned in about ten o’clock and slept^I should say, two hours, when an irresistable—and to this day! unaccountable—influence compelled me to get up and dress myself. The ship rolled fearfully, but I managed to reach the deck and to grope my way, hand over hand, by the deck railing to the amoke-pipe, where I stood a few minutes thoroughly appalled at the blacknbss of the night and the mad plunging of the vesSuddenly this terrific cry came up from the deck below me:! “God Almighty help us! we’re going ashore. Put the ship about.” I faintly saw the white waving of an arm: in a shirt sleeve, and the next minute was thrown from my feet by the sudden change of the ship's course brought about by an officer’s telegram to the wheel-house. Every thing was in instant confusion, not bettered by the fact that the dark rocks of the Irish coast were plainly visible to many of the frightened passengers. The ship shook like a reed in the fierce wind that blew, for every sail was aback and headway seemed utterly impossible to make. It was: a longtime before the vessel answered her helm, and nothing but the naval discipline of the sailors saved the China from becoming a total wreck. I may mention here that the Captain of the Three Bells—the savior of the San Francisco’s passengers after she was dismasted—was with ins, and he assured us that in all his long life as a sailor he never had so narro w an escape from instant death. The, ship was nearly upon the rocks, and at the rate she was going she would have smashed herself to pieces in a very short time. After breakfast the next day some one said: “ Let us have up the man who gave the alarm!” for we bad learned that the man I saw at midnight was a steerage passenger; and soon he appearer among us, a gray-haired son of the sea, seventy years of age, or thereabout, who modestly said to as, as we gathered about him: “Good friends, give thanks to God, and do not praise me. I only smelled the land growing nearer and nearer, and was but His humble instrument to save you.” The fact is we were drawn in some mysterious manner eight miles out ol our course. Captain Hockley was widely censured by the London papers and has never been seen, so I have heard, upon the ocean since. Possibly the magnetism of the land, or the effect of the iron and steel in the Bhip’s construction, or some powerful element of the stormy atmosphere, produced a deviation of the needle of the compass, and perhaps connter-currents of other contrary forces of resistless tides made the great ship a plaything for the treacherous seas.—Cor. Boston Journal.

Fruit T9* Candy, If children are allowed to run to the confectioner’s with every half-dime they obtain, it is better to require them to buy fruit and nuts rather than the highly-colored candies a 'child would choose. White (candies are not altogether unobjectionable, as they are often (in common with otheis) weighted with terra alba, a substance about as digestible as soft stone or land plaster, beside being made in great part of impure glucose. Still they are better than the colored, for even the commonest color, red, is often obtained by using red lead, bisulphuret of mercury, or bisulphuret of arsenic; green is sometimes colored with verdigris or arsenite of copper; yellow with iodidejof lead or yellow ochre; blue with Prussian blue or litmus, which is often adulterated with arsenic and a preparation of mercury; while the browns anci purples are also unsafe. It may be argued that candies contain too little of any of these substances to be injurious; but it should be borne in mind that children (who are the greatest candy-eaters) are easily affected by even small quantities of medicine, and would therefore be by poison as well; besides, these minerals have the property of accumulating in the system until grave results are often made manifest. Side by side with these attractive bnt unsafe preparations, many confectioners lay oranges, bananas, cocoanuts, pineapples and a variety of nuts, foreign and domestic, which are healthful and much more acceptable to all but perverted tastes than the jars of gaily-col-ored candies. All who giyB thought to •the wonderful and complex machinery 'of the body, and the intric acies of digestion and circulation, udil see how important it is that nature be not overtaxed to rid the system of useless or poisonous matter. If the little folks want sweets, make molasses candy of reliable brands of sirup; or buy maple sugar, which is cheaper than candy, ana if unadulterated is perfectly healthful; and give them plenty of honey at the table. But when they run to the candy shop, teach them to buy nuts and Ifniit,—Comtry QtnUtmam.

Hit fndustrlemti Hen. ' “If I owned til the hens in this conntry,” said the markctman, as he' counted out a dozen eggs and put them in a customer's basket, “and had a place to pasture them i n, ail I would ask would be ten years in business, and I’d make it very warm for Vanderbilt.” “ How’s that?” asked the reporter.” “How’s thfit? Why, easy, that’s bow. May be you don’t know, young man, tnat over 26,000,000 cackles, announcing the birth of the same number of eggs, kept th'3 farmer boys busy every day last year gathering in the efforts of over 86,000,000 hens? But they did. Well, those efforts or 365 days resulted in 9,600,000,000 separate and distinct eggs, or 800,000,000 dozen, as near as I can calculate. Now, it took Just 750,000,000 dozens of those eggs to supply the demand for Tom and Jerries, puddings, hard and soft-boiled eggs, eggnog, and ham and eggs in the country last year, and eggs was eggs at that. I figure that 30 cents a dozen, for 1883, was about the average price. Thirty cents a dozen for 750,000,000 dozen climbs plumb up to the comfortable little purse of $225,000,000. There’s nothing mean abont me, and if I had the handling of those offerings of the Nation’s hens, I’d be satisfied with a profit of two cents on a dozen. “What would be my li ttle divy? Well, if I haven’t forgotten what old Daboli drummed into me, I make it oat that when the olcl year died I would lug home something like $1.5,000,000, clean and slick, ahead of the game. Ten years of that, and I think I should sit down with the boys and stay with as heavy a jack-pot as any of ’em.” “What would become of the other fifty million dozen?” asked the reporter.

“Ihere you are again?” replied the marketman. “If I owned all the hens, there’s another little item that would help me to keep me from worrying about the punctuality of the rent and the infallibility of the gas meter. Last year must have been a good one for people visiting in the country, for folks broiled, fricasseed and roasted something like six hundred million chickens, young and old. That used up the balance of fifty million dozen eggs. That fifty million dozen of eggs were turned into chickens and gobbled up $300,000,000 of the L.ard-eamed coin of this realm, ciphering the thing down close at fifty cents a chicken. I don’t deal in poultry, but from the size of the diamond pins of the ones that do 1 don’t hesitate a minute to say that there can’t be less than five cents profit on every chicken they sell. Old Daboll comes up again and lays it down for a nickelplated fact that if I owned all the hens in this county I would have to make trips home from the shop at the end of the year, for here I would have $15,000,1)00 more piled in the till to be carried away and stuffed in the stocking, and $15,000,0)0 is plenty for one man to carry at one time. “ So you sec tvhat a nice nest-egg I’d have at the end of ten years. And you’d hardly believe that iNew York City would c lip in about one-thirtieth of the whole j>ot every year, would you? Last year it took 25,000,000 dozens of eggs to satisfy her, and she paid $9,000,000 to get them. Now, New York State onlp kieps hens enough to lay about 8,000,000 dozen, and so, of course, we have to go knocking around all over the country and part of Canada to keep up with the cry for eggs. It would take all the eggs that New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts hens are responsible for to supply this city with all the eggs it wants. The' 25,000,000 eggs used here last year, if laid in a single line, one after another, without a hair’s space between them, would reach from Boston to San Francisco. I tell yon there’s a big thing waiting for some one who can get a corner on hens.”—N. Y. Hun. Precious Stone; in the United States. George F. Xunz has contributed to “ The Mineral Resources of the United States,” published by the Government, an article on American gems and precious stones. Systematic mining for gems and precious s tones is: carried on only at Paris, Me., and Stony Point, N. C., but they are gathered on the surface in many places, as sapphires in Montana, moss agate in Colorado and agate at Lake Superior. Some eighty-eight different minerals occur in the tjnited States, which have been used as gems. Twelve of these occur in the United States only. Diamonds art: not mTneJ in this country, although they have occasionally been found at a number of localities. A large diamond was found at Manchester, opposite Richmond. Va.,,by a laborer employed in grading one of the streets. It was an octahedron, and weighed after it was cut over ten carats. It wan worth $5 ,000 before cutting. The principal localities for sapphires and rubies are in New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern Colorado, where they occur in the sand, often on ant hills. Garnets occur in the same region, about $5,000 worth of cut stones being annually produced. It is estimated that the value of the tourmalines taken from Mt. Mica, Me., is between $50,000 and $65,000. Tourmaline and hiddenite are regularly mined at Stony Point, N. C., some $7,500 worth having already been sold. Rock crystal is gathered and cut in large quantities, the sales at different localities probably amounting to $40,000 annually, Much of it is cut for jewelry, as Lake Georgs or Cape May

uiouiuuuB. x un vicai uu ptai iui upuuai purposes is almost entirely Brazilian, as the good material found here rarely reaches the piroper channels. Although abates are abundant here, nearly all the Polish specimens sold in America have been polished in Germany, haying originally come from Brazil and Uruguay. Moss agates, however, are collected here in large quantities, although the cutting is done abroad. The sunstbne and moonstone from Pennsylvania and Virginia are of good quality, although as yet; used but little. The American turquoise is of much interest, bat is no.t much used by jewelers, ft is frequently blue when found, bnt soon turns green on exposure. Jet occurs in Colorado and Texas, and will probably soon be utilized in the arts. The bowenite of Bhode Island and Williamsite oi: Pennsylvania are used as a substitute for jade. — Springfield (Mass.) Republican. One Consolation. “Doctor, don’t you think you can save him?” asked a woman, 'bending over the bed where a little sufferer lay. “No, madj.in. Scarlet fever is doing its worst.” “And he must die?” “Practically, yes.” “Has scarlet fever, you say?” “Yes. madam.' “O, doctor, it will kill me to lose the little angel.” “Yes, I know it is hard, but remember, madam, that the wind is tempered to the shorn lamb.” “That is so, doctor. It is certainly a consolation to know that he didn’t catch it from those Jones children; their father you know, made an assignment the other day arid. Mrs. Jones is very low chtrcb, indeed.”—Texas Si/lings. ’ - —Mustard Sauce: A teacupful of dry mustard, a tables spoonful of fine sugar, one of olive oil end a little salt, to be well mixed with the yelk of hi hard-boiled egg rubbed down. Then! add as much vinegar as will sufficiently! liquefy it, arid strain it; through a fine! Tieve,—The Coferer- j

USEFUL ABB SUGGEST] TE. —There are no off-years in a quinceorchard.—Chicago Journal. —Level culture :is coming into practice with the best farmers.—Exchange. —Many farmers feed roots without first freeing them from dirt. This is an injurious practice and harmful to c-t-tle.—N. ¥. Berald. —The fig can be grown as f ir North as Norfolk, Ya., and can bi'grown from seed or propagated from sittings, layers or suckers.—Cincinnati Times. —All farmers’ children should be taught at least the rudiments o1 botany. Should they remain on the farm such knowledge will not only be a life-long pleasure but will lie of positive value.— Prairie Farmer. —A Connecticut notion for iontrolling a hen with chickens is to tie her to a ten-penny-nail driven full length into the ground, with a cord fastened to her leg by means of a noose made of soft leather.—Hartford Post. —Lemons will keep better and fresher in water than under any other condition. Put in a crock and "covered with water they can be preserved in winter for two or three months. Renew the water every two or three days.—Y. Y. Herald. —A farmer says that tiro pigs furnished with muck, sand, weeds and sod will manufacture them into the best of manure, which will bo worth, when the pigs are six months old, as much as a ton. of the best superphosphate that sells for fifty dollars a ton. -4-A farmer says that the leaves from the woods are a great assistance in growing Irish potatoes. These, when put in the furrow with the potatoes, not only furnish the nutriment for their sustenance, but retain the water from rains and counteract the injury from

ary weatner. li leaves can not he had straw is the next best thing for this purpose.—N. Y. Times. —When the grain productions of a farm are judiciously fed on the place to stock the return comes into the farmer’s hands in a big lump. There is less fluctuation in tho market to worry oyer, as well as the vexation and bother of the grades. When disposed of in this manner little does the producer care whether his grain grades No. 1 or No. 2.—Clmland Leader. —Cup Puddings: Take one cupful of wheat flour, one cupful of sweet milk, three-quarters of a cupful of sugar, half a cupful of butter, and three eggs. ■ Stir the butter and sugar together; Eeat the eggs thoroughly; mix with the four a teaspoonful anu a half of baking powder and stir the milk and eggs into it, with the butter and sugar beaten to a cream. Butter some teacups or small pudding dishes. Put some raspberry jam or preserved peaches at the bottom of the cup, and fill half full with the batter, and steam for twenty minutes. Serve with cream sauce.—The Household. The Egg Machine. The hen is literally an egg machine, her chief purpose being the prod iction of eggs. Like any other kind of machine, she must have the raw material with which to manufacture her products. She also has a limit to her capacity, and should not be expected to perform service beyond her ability, but should, however, be kept in constant running order, as long as she ds needed by her owner. The material upon which she should work must vary according to the requirements of the manufactured article, and as her instinct teaches her how to select, all that is necessary is to place within her reach that which she desires, and everything 5, will be well. To produce an egg the hen must have a certain kind of food for the yelk, or fat portion, known as carbonaceous, and for the white she needs food rich in nitrogen, from which she makes albumen. For the shell she needs lime, while many other substances enter into the composition which it is unnecessary to detail, the omission of any of them being detrimental to good work on per part. Thus, while we may feed a her liberally, apparently, byomitting to allow that which is needed to complete the process, she may remain idle foi* the want of a single substance, though fully supplied with everything else. She often gives indications of her wants, for the “softshelled eggs i,” occasionally noticed, admonish the breeder that lime in some, shape is needed. The change of color in the comb and wattles, the drooping of the wings and the anxious, nervous appearance are all signs that something is radically wrong, for when the productive organs are not healthy the vigor of the fowl is likewise affected by such derangement. How important is it, then, to endeavor to keep different kinds of raw material within reach of the hen in order to realize from her all that she can do as an egg machine. She is specially adapted for that purpose, and her health is better when she is in good laying condition than at any other time. Every machine sooner or later wears out, and in order to keep them in working order they are oiled and carefully watched, but the hen attends to her own details if supplied with material, as she is a living factory for egg production. If she wears out she supplies her place with her descendants, and is ever ready to act well her part if her owner will do likewise.— Farm, Field and Fireside. The Pulse.

The pulse may be felt in several Slaces on the body, limbs and head, oth in man aDd animals. In man it is most conveniently felt at the wist, and in the horse on the branch of the carotid artery, which passes under the jawbone, just above its angle. It arises from the propulsion of the blood into the artertes by the contractions of the heart;' nnd it therefore indicates the strength of the contractions, the number of them in a minute, the regularity of their succession, and the general effect of them upon the circulation. Numerous distinctions with regard to the pulse are made by physicians;-but the principal circumstances to be attended to, in the case of the horse, are, first, its frequency, or the number of pulsations in a minute, which in a healthy horse is about forty; next, its strength. When the contraction of the heart is strong, the pulse is felt distinctly, though the artery be pressed but moderately with the finger; but when weak, very little pressure will prevent its being felt. When the artery is too irritable and in strong action, it will contract quickly upon the blood it receives, and the impression or sensation conveyed by the finger will be very short, * or that which is expressed by hardness; when the swell of the artery is more slow or soft, it denotes the contrary state; thus there may be a frequent, or, as it is more commonly named, a quick pirise, a strong pulse or a weak pulse, and a hard pulse or a soft pulse. To this may be added the irregular or intermitting pulse, which of course indicates an irregularity in the contractions of the heart, and sometimes hapSens when the horse does not labor uner any disorder. Those who wish to attend to the diseases of horses should make themselves familiar with the state of the pulse, both in health and disease, and they will team from experience that it will enable them to judge better of the nature and probable event of a disease than any other single circumstance. In the latter periods of pregnancy, the pulse of a cow, which in health varies from sixty to seventy beat* in a minute, becomes quicker; and when within a few days of calving generally rises up to eighty ox ninety.— Itmrk Farm*',. 2? i

Coasting by Moonlight. The double runner, a sort of camel sled, is dragged around and pointed down town. There are half a dozen passengers and two martyrs-*-one martyr pushes and the o ther steers. There is a miscellaneous sort of warning howl for lamp-posts and people to get out of the way, the pusher pushes, the steerer (not bunko) grabs the*brake and braces his feet on the forward sled, which works on a pivot. Then the double runner, much resembling a long settee shooting through space. Degins to hump herself and go. Pretty soon, about the time she passes Ohio street, you begin to pull your hat on tighter and teel consoled that you have an accident policy. Then she begins to go in earnest and you feel your nair rise, and soon again she gees faster, and you can’tfeel anything but the wind rushing np your trousers leg.' There is your friend standing on Wood’s corner. You say: “Hullo, Jim!” at Court street and he will just catch it. At Columbia street you see some policeman gazing on significantly, and at Mann’s corner yon are paralyzed to observe a doctor and a reporter lounging about and smoking, apparently prepared to make a night of it. The infernal machine shoots across the square and toward the bridge. You see a long row of lamp-posts and awning supports ahead, and in your fevered imagination there are two hay-racks i coming along by the post-office. There is to be a second edition of “The Wreck of the Grosrenor,” and you shut your eyes with the mental exclamation: “Well, the fellow in front will get the worst of it.” But there is a “swish” and a “swir-r,” and the machine seems a little out of breath; slower, s-low-er, scratch; O, she’s stopped! Holy smoke, what a ride!—Bangor (Me.) Cominerdal.

.Arab! Pasha, In appearance Arabi Pasha is a big;, strong, broad-shouldered, good natured fellah. His fez thrown well bask disp’avs a broad, massive forehead, surmounting large, soft eyes, which have in ordinary moods a kindly, dreamy expression. There is an undeiinable something about the man which impresses favorably all who come in contact with him, and forthose who understand his native Arabic, the only language he can speak, there is a singular charm in his conversation. His stock of useful and theoretical knowledge is, unfortunately, not at all in proportion to his powers of expression, so that his love of discoursing sometimes leads to a lamentably display of ignorance. Like all men liable to be intoxicated by the flow of their own rhetoric he could be wildly inconsistent Without beimr hypocritical. A dutiful son, a good hjKband, a kind father, and, on the whole, an upright, respectable man, he was never the determined, stoical hero, or the blind, uncompromisingfanatic he has sometimes been represented.-*-.$«• tronal Republican. —The poverty-stricken widow and children of John Davison, who killed his mother and himself at Philadelphia two years ago, came into possession recently of an estate valued at *50,000 left by Davison’s father, who died some months ago. —Philadelphia Press. —Captain T. H. Dozier, who lives near Winterville, Ga., has 15,000 cigars that his father made thirty years ago. The Captain smokes only one a day, and they a,re expected to last him several years. Junior Vice Commander. Mr. A. G. Alford, Junior, Vico Department Commander of Md., G. A. R., Baltimore, Md., writes: “I have kept St. Jacobs Oil by me and always found it a ready remedy for pains, aches and bruises. When suffering terribly a few weeKs since with an ulcerated tooth, I could not get any rest, and I applied it. 1 was instantly relieved, and my suffering ceased from that time.” “Oranges should never be eaten in company,” says an authority. That is true, they should only be eaten in a bathtub. Cream and Cold Weather. What a luxury is a bath in summer. Surely, but a greater luxury is a clear head in winter; just when almost everybody is sneezing and snuffling with a'cold in the head. But when you are attacked use Ely’s Cream Balm. It cures colds in the head, and what is better, it cures the worst cases of chronic catarrh and hay fever. Not a liquid, not a snuff. Pleasant to use. Quick relief. Radical cure. A Wheeling editor’s library has been swept away by the flood, leaving only a volume of water. Merited Praise. The universal praise bestowed upon Kid-ney-Wort as an invaluable remedy for all disorders of the Kidneys, Liver and Bowels, is well merited. Its virtues are universally known and its cures are reSorted on all sides. Many obstinate cases ave succumbed to it after they had been given up by the doctors and a thorough treatment will never fail to cure. Sold by all druggists. See adv’t. A rather free-spoken young lady uptown is called electricity because she shocks so many people. High Priced Butter. Dairymen often wonder how their more favored competitors get such high prices for their butter the year round. It is by always having a uniform gilt edged article. To put the “ gilt edge” on, when the pastures do not do it,‘they use Wells, Richardson & Co.’s Improved Butter Color. Every butter maker can do the same. Sold everywhere and warranted as harmless as salt, and perfect in operation.

Nothing is gained by finding a man oat. That is if you want to collect a bill. For Throat Diseases and Coughs.— Brown’s Bronchial Troches, like all really good things, are frequently imitated. The genuine are told only in boxes. Dr. J. A. Patmore, of Riley, Ind., truly remarks: “Samaritan Nervine cures epilepsy.” THE MARKETS. NEW YORK, March 3,1884. CATTLE-Exports.* 7 25 @*7 60 COTTON—Middling.^.. @ 10S FLOUR—Good to Choice. 3 80 & 6 60 WHEAT—No. 3 Red.-1 08 @ 1 1354 CORN—No. 3. 63X@ 05 OATS—Western Mixed. 41 ® 42 PORK—New Mess. 17 75 @ 18 00 „ ST. LOUIS. COTTON—Middling. .... @ 10J4 BEEVES—Exports. 6 50 @ 7 00 Fair to Good. 6 80 @ 6 00 HOGS—Common to Select_ 6 40 @ 7 00 SHEEP—Fair to Choice. 4 75 @ 6 00 FLOUR—XXX to Choice. 8 35 @ 4 75 WHEAT-No. 3 Winter. 1 08)4@ 1 10 _ No.8 “ . @ ICO CORN—No. 2 Mixed. 48X0 49 OATS—-No. 3. @ Mii RYE—No. 2. @ 58 TOBACCO—Lugs. B 35 @ 10 00 Medium Leaf...— 9 00 @ 11 00 HAY—Choice Timothy....-:... 13 00 @ 12 50 BUTTER—Choice Dairy. 35 @ 27 EGGS—Choice. 18 ® 1814 PORK—New Mess.. 17 87)4® 18 00 BACON—Clear Rib. 10 @ 1014 LARD—Prime Steam. OH® 914 CHICAGO. 'f? CATTLE-Exports. 6 50^ ® 7 00 HOGS—Good to choice. 670 0 740 SHEEP—Good to choice. C 00 ® 6 50 FIDUR—Winter.... 4 75 & 5 75 Spring..,.. 4 25 ® 5 75 WHEAT—No. 2 Spring. 98)4® IBM No. 3 Red. 101 ® 1 00* CORN—No. 2.. 52X® 63 OATS-No. 3... @ 32)4 PORK-New Mess. 17 75 @ 17 $0 KANSAS CITY. CATTLE—Native Steers. 5 35 ® 6 50 HOGS—Sales at. 6 25 ® 6 75 WHEAT-No. 2. ® 85 CORN-No. 2 mixed. ® 40* OATS-No. 2. ® 2»H NEW ORLEANS. FLOUR-HighGrades.... 5 30 ® 6 03 CORN—White.. ® 65 OATS—Western.;. 48 ® . 47 HAY-Choice. 18 00 <0 19 00 PORK—Mess. ® 18 60 BACON—Clear Rib. @ 10* COTTON—Middling..... ® M)i LOUISVILLE. WHEAT—No. 2 Bed. @ 105 CORN-No. 2 Mixed... @ 52 OATS—Mixed Western. 87H® 38 PORE-Mess. . .... @18 01 BACON-Clear Rib. @ *> COTTON—Middling.. Q |1*

OUR A1TCS3T0B8* SERVE. Ik© Seeret ol Their-?;nusual Tigor B*plained and How It Cut Be Acquired. There was something about the sturdy I rigor of former generation*, that ! challenge* the admiration of every man, woman and child. They were no epicures —those ancient fathers. They lived atm- i ply, and eaccessfolly met and overcome difficulties that would have discouraged this ago and generation. The rigors of the frontier were supplemented by the savages; wild beasts threatened their enterprise and poverty was a common companion.. Yot they bravely encountered and resisted all those things and laid the foundations of a land whose blessings we now.enjoy. Their constitutions were strong; their health onsurpassed and yet they were forced to expose themselves continually. There certainly must have been some good and adequate cause for all this and forthe physical superiority of that age over the present. It is well known to every one conversant with the history of that lime that certain home compounds of strengthening qualities were used almost universally by those pioneers. The malarial evils and exposures to which they were subjected necessitated this. When their bodies become chilled by cold or debilitated by the damp mists of a new conotry they were forced to counteract it by the use of antidotes. Medicines were few is those days, and doctors almost unknown. Hence the preparations above referred to. Frem among the number, all of which were compounded upon the same general principle, one was found to be more efficient, and hence far more popular than all tins rest It was well known through the Middle and Western States, and was acknowledged as the best preparation for malarial disorders and general debility then known. The recipe for compounding this valuable article was handed down from one family and generation to another, was known to the Harrison family and is used as tho basis and general formula for the present “ Tippecanoe,” the name being suggested by the battle in which General Harrison was engaged. The manufacturers have thoroughly investigated this subject in its minutest details, and are certain that for mal-assimilatien of food, dyspepsia, tired feelings, general de

k/AAiuv, pyawttwuus, uuuarttti UiSLTUurS and humors ia the blood, nothing, can exceed in value “ Tippecanoe,” which was the medicine of our forefathers and seems .destined to be the most popular preparation of the day. «. “ Tippecanoe” is prepared and given to the public by Messrs. H. H. Warner & Co., of .Rochester, If. Y., proprietors of the faniqu- Warner’s Safe Cure, which is now the most extensively used of any American medicine. The well known standing of this house is a sufficient guarantee of the purity and power of this preparation which seeks to banish one of the greatest banes of the nineteenth century—mai-assimilation of fcod. Any one who experiences tr ouble of digestion; who feels less vigor than formerly ; whose system .has unquestionably “ run down” and who realizes the necessity of some strengthening tonic can net afford to permit such symptoms to continue. If the farmer finds that his threshing machine does not separate the grain from the straw he realizes that something is wrong and tries to repair the machine. When the food does not sustaip the life; when it fails to make blood; when it causes the energy to depart and ambition to die, it is a certain sign that something is wrong and that the human machine needs repairing. It is not a question of choice; it is a matter cf duty. You must attend to your health or your sickness and nothing will sooner overcome these evils than “Tippecanoe,” the medicine of the past, a safe guard for the present and a guarantee of health for the fpture. When a man’s; looks speak volumes, the best thing he can do is to sell them for old junk. Two months ago my attention was called to the case of a woman afflicted with a cancer on her shoulder at least 5 inches in^ircumference, angry, painful, and giving the rjtient no rest day or night for 6 months. obtained a supply of Swift’s Specific for her. She has taken 5 bottles, and the ulcer is entirely healed up, only a very small scab remaining,and her health is better than for 5 years past :seems to be perfectly cured. Rev. Jesse H. Campbell, Columbus, Qa. As ws journey through life let ns live by the weigh.—All the Grocers. William J. Coughlin, of Somerville, Mass., says: In the fall of 18761 was taken with bleeding op lungs followed by a severe congh. In 18771 was admitted to the Hospital. The doctors said I bad a hole in my lung as big as a half dollar. I gave up hope, but a friend told me of Db. William Hall’s Balsam for the Lungs. I got a bottle, whe.n, to my surprise, I commenced to feel better, and to-day I feel better than for three years past, -—\— ♦ ■».-|— The Burlington Hawkeve man says that “powder is like money, it’s awfully hard to hold after it begins to go.” •The term hydra may be used to repre-« sent any manifold eviL If you would battle successfully with this manv-headed monster of disease you will find it expedient to keep Mrs. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound always at band.—Dr. Banning. Artificial cork has been invented, and we shall soon hear of adnlterated life-pre-servers. Hale’s Honey of Horehound anti Tar Will rescue the baby from croup. Bike’s toothache drops cure in one minute. Earthquakes are not much considered in South America, where they are as common as other family jars. Congressional Endorsement. Hon. John Cessna, ex-Member of Congress from Pennsylvania, writes: “ In the space of twelve hours my rheumatism was gone, having taken three doses Durang’s Rheumatic Remedy. My brother was cured by a similar amount. I most cordially recommend it Sold by all druggists. It is reported thatTokar has been taken, but how the enemy Tokar is not stated. The virus of ail diseases arises from the blood. Samaritan Nervine cures all blood disorders. “ I’M locked in slumber,” murmurs the prison bird in his sleep.—Philadelphia Becord. _, SdjfFasbion is Queen. Fast, brilliant and fashionable ore the Diamond Dye colors. One package colors 1 to 4 lbs. of goods. 10c. for any color. Get at druggists. Wells, Richardson & Co., Burlington, Vt The most appropriate pastry for a free lunch counter—sponge cake.—Philadelphia Call. For a cold in the head, there is nothing so good as Piso’s Remedy tar Catarrh. If afflicted with Sore Eyes, use Dr. Thompson’s Eye Water. Druggists sell it. 2SeA messenger of Health. Bent free to sufferers from nervous, chronic and blood diseases, brain and heart affections, nervous’debility, etc. It tells of wonderful cures effected by Dr. Scott’s Coca, Beef and Iron, with Phosphorus. Sold by druggists; $1- Dr. Scott,Kansas City, Mo.

THE 6REAT GERMAN REMEDY For Pain! Relieves and cures RHEUMATISM, , Neuralgia, SCIATICA, LUMBAGO, BACUiai, Headache, Toethaehe, SORE THROAT, QUINSY, SWELLINGS, SFRAUH. (1) Sorfhess, Cat), linins, FROSTBITES, BVXXfi, SCALDS, And all other hodlly ache* and pains. FIFTY CERTS A BOTTLE. Sold br all Druggists and Dealers. Directions la U languages. The Charles A. TegeSer Co. (■Mnaosnsmstat) Baltimore. Kd..D.S. A

I IVLi V ogjs as Agents ra*ce mt ?«y UfaXl Outat4c. CUBTI8&CO., FtirHarea, Ct. LEiHR TiUfiMHY 8£ftSS8£M» chmte erer offered. Ad.J.D. Bnown, JKgr.,Sed*Ua,K.o. . Win*<t Waves trni ao ■n.wajnrtjwe.Sniol*-'saleARKatl.Price-llsyVu*. GQodssnnrMittted. B.C.S«*iil» IST Wntxalj t>v,'Attcxgo. MCA A MOJTVH. Agent* Ihatei 99 bar A/flll ffUitigtirtScIetiathi'worid. EMinnieFKEK V&UU Adore** JAY I1ROSSOS. PamritT. Mica Booms tin--* Breuss ®e.i<5 to* Cheaters M » ws r&swgsuia

Issaaggrregj ISYA1T * STMTTOll’S BorSES^n^wffoutaStSm-fiaiMnSachine in one-third - - ^‘lagBttiagrnipinyimiI AGO 1M South Jrftrton Street, ••Ton WwonSc«t«.fAOt - _ "Util* Detecilre.” *3. Send for Frist flflATJB CO. CMMpJH. 4-Too SSOf for MmU. __ _ 1U» cured thousands dying from M«r* , JMn curia] or Blood Diseases. 91.60 at L « 9 Drugs's’ or BPTit direct, HUMANS i MEDICINE CO., Rockford. 111. I prow the® myself and test them before selling. They we fresh and reliable, don’t buy any .___ _ see*, from second hand dealer*. 'or my upb-nd d Illustrated Almanac Catalogue. FKEE. H. W.BUCKBSE, Box ISOM, Bockford.UL “THE BEST IS THE OHEAPSST." SAW CilAlilCC THRESKERS* XNulllCOteP^ For all sections and purposes.) Write for Fw Pamphlet aodPrii-ee to The Aultman A Taylor Co.. Mansflold, OWu IIV ■■8t.Ee CD *ST. BERHARD VEGETABLE PIUS.’ til The Best CwpeTor I.Iver and _ XUlloua complaints. Gostivenean, Headache end Dyapepsln. I Vice, S5<>. at DntcnrlMs or by mail. Sanples free. Bernard Pill Makers, 83 Mercer St. New Twit. PATENTS Procured or no charge, also Trade Marks, Labels, etc Large UUrtrmt-d loot of poi nt law FREE. Long experience. Highest references. W T. FITZGERALD, Attorney at Law, 1006 F street, Washington, D.G. RUSSELL & CO.’S ANNUAL. ftor Farm and Plantation use. Address x*a« ul* pa,»r. RUSSELL A GOTo Massillon, Ob Easy to use. A certain cure. Not expensive. Three months’ treatment in one package. Good for Cold in the Head, Headache. Dizziness, Hay Fever, Ac. Fifty cents. By all Druggists, or by mail. E. T. HAZKLTINE, Warren, Pa.

JONES QF BkSHAMTOK

5 TON WAGON SCALES, Iron levers, Steel Bearings. Bntftf Tar# Beam and Beam Bos, . _ and JONES he pay* tfcefmtffbt-ror fra* Price Lie# mention thle paper and JONES OF BIN8HAMT8R. Binghamton, N.Xo

A._ . _ n U Two An; OBctn. I ■■ Messrs. Johnston. Ho] Messrs. Johnston. Holloway &Co., whateaato druggists of Philadelphia, Pa., report that some time ago a gentleman handed them a dollar with a request to send a good catarrh cure to two army officers in Arizona. Both the officers and the wife of a 17. S. A. Gen. wero\ cured of catarrh by tha two bottles. Cream Balm causes no pain. Gives* relief at once. Cleanse* the head. Causes JjHM; Abates in damn _ . - - A thorough treatment wBl cure. Not a liquid or snuff. .Apffiy with tag miii cure, i'ui u ik|uiu anger. Send for circular, for 50 cents. >r snuu. Sold by druggists. Mailed ELY BROTHERS. Ilrogflit,. Owego. H. Y.

' . . LYDIA E. PINKHAM’S . » VEGETABLE COMPOUND • • * is aposttiye cube for » • • All thou* painful Complaints * and Weaknesses so common * ****** t0 0>r best * * ♦ » ♦ • * FEMALE COPULATION. * o

* Ha purpose is solely for the legitimate healing of disease and the relief of pain, and that it does all it claims t a do, thousand* of ladies can gladly testify. • * It will cur© entirely nil Ovarian trouble?. Inflammation and Ulceration, Falling and Displacements, and consequent Spinal Weakness, and is particularly adapt* ed to tne Chang© of Life. *,*•*****•*•• ** * * It removes FaintncssFlatulencr, destroys all craving for stimulants, and relievos Weakness of the Stomach. It cures Bloating. Headaches, Nervous Prostratioiw Debility, Sleeplessness, Depression and Indf section. That feeling of bearing down, causing pahw and backache, is always permanently cured by its use. * Send stamp to Lynn, Mass., for pamphlet. Letters cfc ui^uir^confidentially answered. For sal eat druggists.

The mt of a reliable diuretic whieh, while acting as a stimulant of the kidneys, neither excites nor irritates them. fine medicine exerts the requisite degree of stimulation upou these organs, without producing irritation, and is, therefore, far better adapted for tha purpose than -Jcated excitants often resorted to. Dyspepsia, fever and - - • kindred dSiases. are all eared 'by <3 dj it. For sale oy au Druggists andiitaieiw generally.

PIERCE’S IMPROVED GAHOON

7 //.'■'/ ii oroascast seen sower, This machine sows wheat two rods wide* so that m man walking one mile sows four acres and does tho work letter than can bo done by any other means whatever. It sows grass seed and all kinds of grain. Price, six dollars. Wo have Agents tn all parts of the country. Sena stamp for circular. L.H. RlTiSKT xro.co., g§ ST. LOUIS, HO. W GBNKKAL AQgHTO.

XX. -NOTICE.-XX. to BLUE FUNNEL Barmegts Or Inferior Quality of Good. are Bald as the "genuine Middlesex," which ore not made by tb»t mill, The Middlesex Company. In order to protect their customers snd the publb-. give notice that hereafter all Clothing made from THEM1DDLESEX STANDARD INDIGO BLUE FLANNELS AND TAOHT CLOTHS, sold by all leading clothiers, must bear the “ SILK HANGERS." furnished by the Soiling Agents to all parties ordering the goods. WENDELL, FAY to CO., SELLING agents, midd esex COMPANY. 30 and S3 Worth Sr.. New York; 97 Franklin St.. Boston; ftiel Chestnut St., Philadelphia. ' POTASH Iodide of Potassium is one of the strongest of the minerals used in medicine, and has produced much suffering in the world. Taken for a long time and in large doses. It dries up the gastric juices, impairs digestion, the stomach refuses food, and the patient declines in health and weight. Persona with Blood or Skin Diseases should he careful how they take these mineral poisons, as in most instances the effect of them Is to almost permanently impair the constitution. Swift's Specific is entirely a vegetable preparation, and it is easy to convince you of its merit. I have cured permanently Blood Taint In the third generation by the use of Swift's Specific, after I had most signally failed with Mercury and Potash. F. A. Toons M. D., Perry, Qa. Our treatise on Blood and Skin Diseases mailed free to applicants. ^ * SWIFT SPECIFIC CO., Drawer 3, Atlanta, Oa. New York Office. 159 West S8d St., bet.6th and 7th Am A SPECIFIC FOR Epilepsy, Spasms, Convulsions, Palling Sickness, St. Vitus Dance, Alcoholism, Opium Eat. “>g- « * v ^EVEIt FAU^>J^ tflBE 6RE*t£i * , ' Scrofula, Kings 1NERYEI Nervous Weakness, Brain Worry, Stood Sores, Biliousness, Cosfiwrwss, Nervous Prostration* Kidney Troubles and Irregularities. $1.50. Sample Testimonials. •■Samaritan Nervine is doing wonders. ” Dr. J. O. McLemoin, Alexander City, Alai •T feel it my data to recommend it" Dr. D. F. Laoghlin, Clyde, Kaasas: “It cored where physicians failed.” Rev. 3. A. Edie, Bearer, Pa. AS-Carreepondence freely i m DR.S. A. MCHOH)MED. CO., SI. JOSEPH?!! Bold by All I LORD. STOUTENBURG * CO., Agents, Chicago, XU. A. N. K., B. ~ ' PS8 WRITING please say yon aaw the i this paper. Advertisers like to