Pike County Democrat, Volume 11, Number 27, Petersburg, Pike County, 12 November 1880 — Page 1

I PIKE COUNTY DEMOCRAT. PJELfflMTY DEMOCRAT. feiJSHEj) EYRS& PKlbl ADVERTISrN O BATES t One square (9 lines), one insertion.. IHIfflli Editor andPropriotor, Office in XcBay’a Hew Buildin ;, Slain Street, bet Sixth and Seventh. Kaeu additional insertion.... GO A liberal reduction made on advertisemente running three, six, and twelve months, legal and transient advertisements must be Persons receiving a copy of the paper with this notice crossed in lead pc-neix are notified that the time of their subscription has ex pired. -r__■ . VOLUME XI PETERSBURG, INDIANA, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1880 NUMBER 27

MEWS IN BRIEF* Compiled from Various Sources, j EtiKCTION RETURNS. The result of the. Presidential, State and. Congressional elections, according to returns'received up to the morning of the ♦th, can be summarized as follows: ■ 108 (iAltntLD. Electoral States. totes. Colorado.. 3 Connecticut.^. 6 Illinois. 21 Indiana. 13 Iowa...... 11 Kansas... ... S Maine.......................................... V Massachusetts .. ...... ar Michigan. ............t......•; fl’! Minnesota.... 5 Nebraska.................. 3 j New Hampshire.................a.'.*. 5 , Nen ^ork.......35' Ohio........M....v..r....22* Pennsylvania...........i.......... 29 RlicdeIsland...... Vermont... ,5 i Wisconsin............ 10i

Total. ,..ilO FOB HANCOCK. 1 I S! Alabama. Iff Arkansas.......1 6 Delaware.;.... s-* Florida..... 4 Georgia...... 11 Irentnkv......... 12 Miiiv __—..........-8 Mississippi....'.......j8 , Missouri.'...... il...... i'.i. 15 New Jersey...9 NortliDajroliiia.....i.10 Smith Carolina... .7 Tennessee.............. »■». -. .1........... o - 12 Texas. S Virginia, AVest Virs-in a........ 5 u Total.........—lfF IN DOUBT. 1 is solidly Uepul estimated at from SO.tW-to *1,000, usj Kentucky—Solidly Democratic, -r Louisiana—The election of 1 larralf,! Moan candidate fop Congress ia-lh District, is probable. ’ irr Maine—Returns generally shone Ba Caliioroia...~ Nevada.........*3 Oregon.....«»c..«y..A • ‘ K Total number electoral votes. As.-ACJ Necessary to a elect......S',.l*'> The result in detail, so far as ascertained, ' ds as follows: Alabama—Solidly Democratic. ^ Arkansas-j-1 iemoeratin, but retunBS received not sufficient tv estimate pfJsabld majority or result on CongresSmen. California—Result dose amiJindeterjnin-j " ed. Gen. Koseenms V* prdfejb^ eleftad to Congress from the /First District, ajftmi* eratic gain. Legislattwa 'nr-cloiibtJ Colorado—Returns from about one-half ' the State indicat e that Garfield will have some 3,00© majority. ‘ Connecticut—Garfield has plurality of a little less than 3,900. Bigelow,. Republican, y elected Governor. ^epslatuji'llepuljUcan, thus insuring a Republican - successor to tlat-on. _ ■ ' 1 Delaware—Democratic by a somewhat reduced majority. 1 Florida—The Democrats have eleptfeffthelr entire Electoral, State and Congressional . ticket. ' . Georgia—Solidly Demoeratfc. , , ? * Illinois—The State- has gT»vJ p»pnt>)icah hy an increased ma^orityj estimate# at 40,000. In Chicago the Hcp'ublleaas elect their entire ticket by from i.OOOjy j>,03ftmajbrit$. The Illinois delegation in Congrat^M noyr ■',*m stauh the same as at ptesent-r-mx Democrats to thirteen BnvMtaa; loulton (Item.) -taking Forsyth’s (R

can gains as comparett witn tno Uptober . election, and Garfield's majority in the State is estimated at trom 4,000 to 5,00ft. BBUliarylami—Solidly DwmocrStl&r £■«; j ? • Massachusetts—Garfield's majority is nqt i- far from 00,000:' Morse; Democratic C<>n„'gressmau trom flje JJourth PistrieVtt ree ected by a small majority. •arft Michigan—GaMield’s majority t.will her . about 40,000. Congressional deleitnti^p ttnhrokett. . ..._;_j inesota—Garfield’s majority estimated 35,000- Republican Congressmen all * Mississippi—The Democrats early the State by about the usual majority. - The re-*-s»K on Congress in the Sixth District is in doubt. ,\,tJ-Missouri—Hancock’s and Crittenden’^major: ties in the State estimated at from 41,000 te 60,OX). In St. Louis Hancock haa in- plu- ' rality of 433. The Republicans elect a portion of their city ticket. The Republicans gain one Congressman—Van Korn in the - Eighth, where Crisp and Allen nearly euually divided the Democratic vote between " them. Nebraska—Garfield’s majority estimated *35,000. . Nevada—Result dose, but probably favorable to the Democrats. It is conceded.that ■ r the Legislature is Democratic and that Fair will succeed Sharon as United States Senator. New Hampshire—Garfield’s plurality about 4,000. Congressional delegation unchanged. New Jersey—Hancock has a majority of about tfiOO- The Legislature is Republican, insuring a Republican successor to , United States Senator Randolph. The Can-, ‘ gresstonal delegation is unchanged politic illy. Ludlow, Democrat, is elected Governor by not far from 1,000 majority. New York—Garfield has carried the State by an estimated majority of from 30,000 to 15,000. The Legislature is Republican in both branches, thus insuring a Republican Unit ed States Senator to succeed Kenian. -In New - York City Grace, Democrat, is chosen Mayor by a very small majority. Hancock’s majority in New York City is 41,376; in Ve6klQ>> 0,h70. The Democrats qDItn a gain of four Congressmen in the Statel North Carolina—Democratic by a reduced majority. The Republicans gain one Congressman, Hubbs in the Second District. -Ohio—Garfield’s majority estimated at ■Vi. close and undetermined. Pennsylvania—Garfield’s majority in the State is about 80,000. The city of Phiiadelphia gives about 30,000 Republican majority. The Legislature is Republican, thus insuring a United States Senator to succeed Wallace. The Democrats claim a gain of one CongressB1Rhodo Island—Republican. South Carolina—The Democrats cany the State by a majority of about 3,000, and meet a solid delegation to Congress. yVnuesoeo-j-Chooies Hancock Electors. The vote between Hawhins, Republican, ODd Wright, Fuiider Democrat, is very close for Governor,with chances in favor, of Hawkins. Legislature in doubt. Texas—The Democratic State ancfNational ticket has about 70,000 majority, and «& six Congressmen are Democrats, being again ef one—shepherd, in the Fifth District. Vennopt—Republican. 'Vfcgidh “ la—The regular Democratic ticket _ a majority over both the Readjuster and Republican tickets. 0The Democrats . lose ingress man to the Republicans (DezI, in the Second Distriet), and probatwo of the Readjusters are choeen—Stoin the Fifth, and Paul in the Seventh.

West Virginia —Hancock's plurality Will. 'be about 12,000. TheRepublicans elm;n the election of Hoteltinsoa to Congress lrom the First District, wiiich will be a Republican gain. , Wisconsin—Garfield's majority estimated at 30,000. , .The Congressional delegation stands six Republicans to tiro Democrats, a Republican-gain of one—Guenther 'heating Bouek hi the Sixth District. , Tjte iaiicationf are that the Republicans have made suffici ent gains in Congressinen to give them' control of tlieirew House,While the Senate is not unlikely to be a tie,*giving the Vice-President the casting vote. PERSONAL AND POLITICAL. Additional evidence taken on the 1st in the case of Kenward Philp, charged with eriininai libel in connection with the publication tie alleged Garfteld-Morey letter, was as foil >ws: S,J*. Morey, ofLiWrence, Mass., test ified that Ilenry L. JTorer wna-his unde ancthat he urptyhiin lit Lynn in February ui March, 1879; identified the signature cf ii. -L. Morey on the roister: of tha Kirtlknd House, Lynn, under date of February 29, 1879, and -also tinder date a 'October 17, 1879, as that of bis uncle. -Q. B. Adams, Postmaster at Lynn, testtfiedHathe never heard Of £jfer- . son there named H. L. Mor.ei; there was no such name in the City Directory, and iiligent IhqnlPUiaJlljd .to, discover any person who1 bail everkiiown a-mAn thereof that name. Abram its- Hewitt testified that he was well acquainted with dames A. Garfield, and ihat - the- Morey Bitter vras. In' Kir VlphBJn, in- h!S handWtitiag; the envelope, however, alter examination, he did not think whs- in his bindwriCnig, Kenward J*Bilp, the adeneed, swore piint blank that .he .dj<t not. .write ffuTTetter in quetet'^mn to* W>* which the fac simile was published. The examinatktn was adjourned until Thursday, ®<* *• ... i Ii1 President IIaies has rjtuftted from his Pacific isoacL^rtPn reaching his home at FeemhnT,<*■, iwtime to Tote: COMMERCE AND lpDl7§TIj&. '", tRas1 debt slutoment issued Nor. 1 shows the decreaio ot the .public debt during October to he,$7,103,574; caslj in .Treaq. ■rfft,*$203,S45,40d7 gold and silVercCrtificates, $34,588,4(10; certif cates of deposit out standlfifc,:?8,Tta;C0*; re ru^df^certilieates,. $979 200; legal tenders outstanding, $840,741^41; fractional currency outstanding, $7,181,801. Jhp redaction of debt since June 30, 1880, h«isbeeia,$7|fe8lilU.' ,r thelliesissippi RiyerCommission have thoroughly inspected the plan adopted by the 4iurt*d tkojltil^vemeut of the Upper Mississippi I^tyer, and ip their preliminary report, |<$ fie submH&d tp-Cop-grees in December hfcif'Hhey wifi appfbv^ this plan and un e that it be continued.Tha.re^ults atrealy obtained show that this systenrpf imgqpjemementwSl.'giyi’iif ijai.e a g|od channel sufficient for all purposes of uat&ration, aid fire main question in 'the future is a rlwnct.oivin the*dxi»ffi?e e^VUrms*

tion -Srf • • temiwi’iiry expedients' for assisting naiis^ioa until the channel is uev reflated tbit it will maintain itself. The “ —sr ^wded during the last fiss**1 Dca>K?il>eg55 for obvious reasons. TBo Commission w^l consider at their next meeting a plan"for' bordering- m> the- %Tpper VW&mi «* *H*ejvoii*» stUBtyi^tlieir waters into the river at seasons of low water. It is believed that by this means-riartgation can be kept tip throughout the year, except«if^af'eeui#, :wl en^the river is frozen aVl-r. thof niwhiassou at At ferret- in St. 'Doufe in December next for the purpose of preparing their preliminary report forffairsmTssitJn to Cfutgr^tjs, TJ^ jCtyn^rission are sanguine of their Iwiug'abfo to furnish • j»B< for the. general improvement of the MlssfsSfppV Aiver whieh will prove of incalculable value, to the commerce of ;ho entire Mississippi and naanes* mece wise x -a - »av » <-»»•> » «r omm _ miiaii!n.i k/i 1^3wi1 mi: £etbr W^lgi i',5^t>r<|a„ hpflKe^' atJbiberty, Va., oil the 29th, for the murder | ofjjfs employer, a farmer named Matrjflh, in ■Ifene,tt-Tii. - ' f > . v-« i /• - A KCMt octitrr ^d ht & 'political month's in St. Louis on the night of the K0Ut,.ip which a negro, named Charles Brown, whe shot ahd killed liy someporno* unknown. The colored men became infuriated, at th<j 'death of their comrade, and being under the impression that a policeman did the sKboting, severely liar died several officers who fell into their hands. A number, of shots v*fe fired durrrg the melee and eeveral person* were badly luirt. V. "J. skRiocs riot; occurred at Denver on the 31st, caused, It is stated, by an altercation between a Chinaman and a white m»n, in which the latter was severely cut. A mob »q&o collected am) an onslaught was made 'upoh the Chinese quarter, many houses being gutted add their inmates horribly mutilated. Xbe JffittmJtpigg unable to. quell the riot, tbe firgmen were called out to givy, assfctfcnce, and a lrrge force of sp-.ctal policemen were Curd ltd. At riptdnight comparative quiet reigned. One Chinaman w as killed and sevefsl' ’Srere badly beaten. Thr boiler in theflouridg-nullof II. Lewis, at Atlanta, GA, explodetl oh the 30th, killing two jneja ,»nd injuring several

Mbs. JlEMPHn.L, aged 80, was burned to death In her d welling at Bridgewater, Pa.; being top feeble to make her escape. Wilhelm Pu tsch, a Kerman shoemaker of Ban EraIipitco, killed his wife Iby cutting her thfflai: after it dftpcrafis resistance on her part, in which she received a number of minor ti minds. He thpn*iul>!v>d hfcpself a dozen times in the breast and stomach, inflicting .probably fatal wounds. Domestic troubles were the cause of the tragedy.I; , ,, At Steubenvil Carrie Miller', daiigbtefaf Pete* Miller, of" that eitv, was ignited while she Was standing before a Ire. The girl ran screaming into the street, and before assistance couUl Ire rendered she was so badly burned that she can not live. At Lexington, Mils., on election day, .1. W. Ashcroft was killed by J. Lockhart;' the latter was mort ally wounded, and C. 11. Hail, editor Of the Hoftnes OSWintjr 7%ne;t, was painfuttjuyouii ded. Officer karlt, of Cincinnati, wtis fatally shot by a wo . named Charl es Marshall, whom he undertook to arrest. benvil e, O., theciothingof er, flat ightcT of Petet Miller, of Got, Milos klswit iugne«s(o surrender to tin Czitefl States authorities. A recapitulation of the results of the great storm on he Northern lakes,Ootoher 10, shows over 3500,000 worth of damage done to vessels anil cargoes; a} persons perished; IT vessels wire totally wrecked, involving a loss of fl 3 8,000, and (id vessels were damaged. The nativfl trilies in Britain’s Sout> African colonies sro again causing touch trouble, and the, Ckveramcnt Iras called bit 3,0^0 additional tro ips to suppress the inmm * m mm wy# a «*’.k

surrection. A Magistrate named Hope and his two clerks were massacred at Quobo by the Umhlonbolos, who are in open revolt. It is reported that four missionaries have also- been massacred.: - The Emperor WnBam's speech at the opening of the Landtag- expresses thanks for pppiiltr manifestations ofloyalty at Cologne oh the occasion of the celebration of the completion of the Cathedral. The estimates for 1881 promise a surplus which will render- H.tMp.OOO marks available for the remission of Prussian taxation. The transfer of private railways to the State has benefited these finances and traffic. The Landtag win he ealled upon to cooperate in carrying out economic reforms for the whole Empire. The Federal Council at Berlin unanimously adopted the motions of the Govern?ments of Bfussia and Hamburg in favor at interdicting^ by virtue of the anti-Socialist law. the residence ill 'Hamburg, Altona, Wandsbet, Pinnebhrg and Lavenberg and vicinity, of all. persons considered to endanger public safety. The order will remain in force for one year, its operation commencing at once in the Prussian portion of the above territory. Small bands of Indians are reported scouring the country around Gunnison City, Colo. Three companies of militia have been formed to defend the settlement. The President has appointed Thurs-day,-Nov. 2b, as the day for National thanksgiving and prayer.' * A kecent London dispatch says.: The Agrarian troubles in Ireland are assuming a more serious aspect every day. In Dublin the excitement among the Parnellites and . other disaffected Irish over the prosecution for conspiracy of some of the leading members of the Land League is intense. Such extreme’ precautions are being taken to.keep the nature of the inform itioaa;sceret that the clerk who is copying the in is kept under strict surveillance. The Land Leaguers think there will he bad work as soon as the aerdste'are made. The acting Commissioner of the General Land-office hps decided that when a person has commenced proceedings for cancellation of a.homestead..entry in order to avail, himself of the privileges .of the act of May-14,1880, he has acquired’such an adverse interest as will prevent the contest©; fro lort* king .payment .under the act of June 35,188p^for land .embraced in the homestead; or, in other words, that the right of entry conferred tiy said act at June ljtJSS), is confined to cases wfieriiti the United States and the applicant to purchase gre the only parties interested.

A six-days’ pedestrian contest for the Astleyhclt begun at Agricultural Hall, London, on the 1st. The contestants were Rowell, Brown, Dobler, Pegram, Lijjtlewood and Howard.' * •'*' . ^ The Department of State- is advised by telegram,fro® our Ministers to Chili and Peru that-the conference . between nhe belligerent powers, under the good offices of the United States, has closed without any -result. f* - - - Paisnkvl bad a great reception at I.imfrii:k on the 1st. He was met a mile from town by the Reception Committee and corporation, and was escorted by a proeesof 50,1X10 persons including 3,000 horsemen. On .Uu^toUawinK -day atDoWto he wa isturbed state and requiring more pqAnother revolution has occurred in Ecuador^ :; Wijtt Afc<S *>• The ftdloifiDgTein^t-fcihfe story com* from Cleveland: Yesterday a b; ight boy four years old was found lying near the railway track on? the Lake .Shore* -his head bet\Veen two si<$nes and sr heavy qtIf r*Byay tie aatpsa his neck, holdinghim down. IVhen discovered he was. black in the face and unable to walk or talk and nearly dead. Subsequently he reffied^W fold a rejparkubj^stajy. lake on promise of candy. On the way she took from him a hoop, saving he would never roll a hoop again. At the lake the woman Endeavored to persuade- him to get Into a -boat, but he refused, -boonnee of -the watea-4,in ^kWr-tottomy and ho was bfraftPbl a whipping if his clothes were wet". .The woman then took him to the place where he was afterward found, threw him on the $roun^ pjacpd the tie across his neck and Wt HimWperish. It proves the woman is insane and bad escaped, from home. * Mjios&Biisiii VeleguIms. A i >m TioK-Aii* * election ' returns, received tip to the 6th, are assfollows: California—The Republicans seem to have a small majority in the State and claim the l)e£isIaUife, In the Fourth Congressional District Leach, Democrat, is elected over Pnqheco, present incumbent. Missouri—The following are the Congressmen elected: First District, Clardy, (P-V; Second, Allen, (D.); Third, Frost; (I).); Fourth, Davis, (D.); Fifth, Bland, (D-); Sixth, Ilfizeltine, (R.-G.); Seventh, Rice, (R.-G.); Eighth, Van Horn, (R.); Ninth, Ford, (R.-G.); Tenth, Btuyows,,(Rj-G.); Eleventh, Clark, CD.); Twelfth; Hatch,’(D:); Thirteenth, Buckner, (D.) Total Democrats, 8; Grecnbackers, 4; Republicans, 1. The above shows a Democratic loss of tour Congressmen, viz., in the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Tenth Districts. Oregon—Probably Republican by a few hundred majority.

lennessee—In the First Congressional District Pettibone, Republican, is elected over Taylor, present Incumbent, and In the Tenth District, Casey Young, Democrat, is beaten by Moore, Republican. Estimates on the relative strength of parties in the incoming House of Representatives were still widely at variance on the 4tb, a number of districts being so close as to require . the official canvass to determine' the result, The Sew York Timef figures cut ISO Republicans to 130 Democrats and 4 Greeubaekers. The Democrats claim a better showing, however, than is here given them, but admit that the Republicans will probably have a small majority. Should the Republicans retain the Senatorships Ilf Nevada add California, the Senate will be tied and the Vice-President will hare the casting vote. A New York special to the Chicago Tribune gives the following as current personal and political rumors: That Gen. Sherman will go on the retired list according to his own wish after his forthcoming annual report; that Gen. Sheridan will go to Washington as Commander of the Arinv, and that Gen. Hancock will be transferred to Chicago. Should Geo. Hancock decline, which he has the privilege of doing, Htjoi-Gen. 'Schofield will be transferred to Chicago,, The r same paper also prints speculations at headquarters as to Garfield's Cabinet, as follows: PostmasterGeneral, Thos. <i Platt, on account of Conkling;; the Treasury to remain where it is; James F. Wilson, Iowa, Attorney-General; Genera! Logan, Secretary of the Interior. It U further reported a*'among the probabilities tlCtt Gen. Grant will succeed Logan in the Senate W his unexpired term, and at thA^fpiration oLSeaator Davis’s term Logan will succeed ntm. L*4A‘.t nl£A **i*'««i

OF GENEKAL INTEREST.'7 HatlMsl TfcatnksdTlns. *' ' _ „ Washington, November 1. The President to-day Issued tile following Thanksgiving proclamation: “ At no period, in their .history since the United States became a Nation, has this people had eo'abundnn t and so universal reasons for. joy and gratitude at the favor of Almighty God, or been subject to so profound an obligation to give thanks for His loving kindness and humbly to implore His continued caraand protection. Health, wealth and prosperity throughout all our borders; peace, honor and . friendship with all the world; firm and faith* ful adherence by the great body of our population to the principles of liberty awl justice which have made our greatness ns a Notion, and to the wise institutions and strong frame of Government and society which writ perpetuate rt-*-for ail these let thethopksof a happy and united people, as with 006 voice, ascend in devout homage to the Giver of : all' good. “ I therefore recommend that, on Thursday, TITS TWSKTY-FlrtH DAY Of NOVEMBER, the people meet In -their respective places of worship to make their acknowledgment' to Almighty God. for His bounties and His protection, and to offer to Him prayer for their continuance. - , ; A “ In witness whereof f have hereunto set my : hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. “ Done at the Gty of Washington this first day of November; in, the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty, and -of the ihilnpendence of the United States the line hundred and fifth. XL B. Hate. “ By the President: ** William M. Evakts, Secretary of State.” Confession of Engraver Smith. Washington, D. C., October 31. The text of the confession of Charles H Sfliith, the engraver who was under the tyran!uy of llrockway, and who engraved the plate upon which the bonds in the possession oi , Doyle were printed,'has been received at the .‘ISreasury. It was taken at New York—curiously enough, in the third person—in the presetted of Mr. Casilear, of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and of Mr. Charles Coom, Assistant Chief of the Loan Division. The following ihfhe-texh: _ “Smith states that he engraved all ot the work on the 7.3) note, namely: all of the square ietteriug, ail of the scrip, vigor treanb imitated lathe-work,, counters, borders aud coupons, with his tinted plate, printed in green on the face of the note, and tho back, of the plate printed in green on the back of the note; also, the seal printed in red on the face of th note. He-aiso said that ha. engraved the piates in or about the year i$®S or 1307. “ He states that he etched one-half of the green counter on the backet the coupon after which the whole counter was made by electrotyping. The imitation of Cycloid-gas traced, andcut with a graver. He also states that he engraved the $1,&J0 old legal-tender, originally engraved by the American Bank-Note Company of New York. He1 engraved the face plate, back plate and tint plate; also the seal tbat is printed on the face of the note—all of Which is counterfeit. He also engraved the head of Hamilton on the $3) legal-tender note, .first series, originally engraved by tile National Bank-Note Company of New York. “ He states that be engraved the f 10) Na-tional-currency plate in skeleton; the face plate, with vignotto and lettering, counters.

1UU ana Is •, ►> " ; yj “ Ho also engraved the title .of National banks to print upon skeleton face plate—yis.: National Kevere Hank, Boston; Merchants' National Bank, New Bedford, Mass.; Pittsburgh National Bank,. Pittsburgh; Second National Bank} 'Wilkesbaire, Pa.; Pittsburgh KM, with vignettes and bordering, era,. square lettering and scrip, and the imitation lathe-work border. The Imitated harder tp> cut with a graver, and furnished (he section-— of ikdpiece to Brookway. He also states that the original counterfeit vTgheitc, witlfsecnons of imitated table-work and lettering, furnished by him. to Brockway, were manipulated in sfieh a manner that the result when finished formed a seriep of electrotype plates from which the'counferfeit plates were printed,with the caption of the skeletonand titlesengraved for the Nationai-corrency note, which wore engraved on copper by him forThuekway." Chakl.es H. Smith. This was Subscribed and swora to "before a United States Commissioner inNow York City, October SB, ISSa Th* Basuto War. B.ISCTOLAKU may- be described as the Wales of South Africa. Iti3 a little province fitted in at the northeast corner of Cape Colony, between the Orange Free State, the Cape Colony and Natal. It is about one hundred and fiftXr miles long by fifty broad, its length running parallel to the Orange Free State, or, roughly speaking, nearly parallel at some distance inland with the coast fine. Seme of Its table lands are nearly five thousand feet above the sea, while its loftiest mountain is credited with a height of ten thousand feet. The eoltl throughout the whole of Basutoland Is very severe in the mouths of June. July, August and even September. One of the wings of the Cape Mounted Bittes marching up from Kokstad, in Uriquoland East, to Maseru, the chief station in Basutoland, was delayed some days by a heavy fall of snow, which blocked the passes and rendered marching slow and tedious. Though Basutoland may be said to be one hundred and fifty miles by fifty miles in si*e, the eastern side of its breadth is scarcely Inhabited on account of the extreme cold and of the inaccessible character of the mountains. The most thickly populated districts of the little country extend along its whole length, but are of a breadth of about thirty miles only —the thirty miles to the northwest—and lying next to the Orange Free State. It is f^om the Free State, then, that Basutoland canjbe most, easily entered, and its chief stations, which lie within a few hours of the Free State border-, most safely and easily reached. There arc other routes from the south, but they present great difficulties to the march of troops, and are open to grave objections from a military point of view. The Basutos are mostly remnants of tribes, whoysere driven before the Kaffirs. Early in the centtpry they took refuge in the mountain fastnesses of Basutoland to escape the pitiless soldiery of the Zulu conqueror, Chaka. It was on the steep and rocky hill of Thaba Bosigu that Moshcsh, the first paramount chief of the Basutos, rallied the starved and desperate men of the different elans of his race, made a successful stand against the Zulus, and laid the foundation of the Basuto nation. TV) speak of the Basutos as equal or nearly equal to the Zulus in fighting qualities (as is some-' times -done) is a mistake. The Basutos lack the discipline, the reckless bravery and the lastefor'fightingpossessel bythe Zulu soldiers. The Basutos have no military organisation, merely turning out orbeingturnedout by their chiefs for fighting by tribes or clans. They are not soldiers like the Zulus were before the Zulu army was broken up, but are merely hardy mountaineers- Unlike the Zulus, the Basutos fight, as a rule, mounted,, possessing hardy and active ponies, which' make light ot the difficulties of the mountain tracks of their country. Almost all the Baautus have taken to clothing, partly from their' progress in civilisation, partly from the severe climate of their land.’ The military trait to be remarked in the llasutos is their aptitude fer fortifying or tnsch mciug themselves, and the Intelligence with which they strengthen any position they may desire to bold. Indeed, the colonists' chief difficulties will probably commence when ihe-Baeutoe, worsted in the open,, betake themselves to their mountain strongholds. Thaba Bosigo, the stronghold now held by the Chief Masupha, is a good example of a Basuto position. It is an isolated hill about* four hundred feet high, with a fiat or table top, and with sides scraped away by natural causes. The table is only accessible by three orfour .paths. Some of these path* are ^td to have been rendered inaccessible, others to be barred by lines of sebansea, or. Stone barricades, loophole 1 and possessing flanking defense. On the mountain is good pasture to graae the cattle. Plenty of water and stores Of *r*h and ammufiiaom-CMNioo lfpiwj . ,* yuf J*«r‘, ’-vt .'.gg-;/, -- »

FACTS A*>» FIGURE*. —Atlanta has a new enterprise—a watch manufactory. It begins with facilities for turning ont six 'watches per day. —Ice mahufactqring machines haye been sent out to military posts in Central Asia, to supply the Russian troops with ice in hot weather. —There are in Georgia 83,522 colored men who trim, by the TrbeehuPs returns for their respective counties, 551,199 aCresOf land. ■ —TwentY-eighlr iron tanks of thirty thousand barrels capacity each have been erected by the united pipe lines in the Bradford. (Ph.) district, and one hundred more are logo up at Once. —One bark now carries more corn across the Atlantic frt>m Boston than the whole export of com and wheat hi 1851;, when the total was §25,000 worth of corn, $6,000 worth of wheat add $105,000 wort h of meal. ' —In I860'the number of lunatics in England was 38,0-58. Now it is 71,191, an increase of no less than eighty-seven, per cent. During the same period the population increased only about twen-ty-eteht percent., a third of the rate at which lunacy advanced. —Two and a half millions of tropical oranges were received in the past six months at San Francisco from the French islands of Tahiti. They have come in. about equal numbers every month from March to September, show-, ing that tho trees are in perpetual bearing. . —According to recent statistics, taking 1,000 well-to-do persons and 1,000 poor persons, after five years there remained Alive of the prosperous 943, oi the poor only 66o.r After fifty years, there remained of the prosperous 557,. of The poor 283; at seventy years of age there remained 235 ofe the prosperous, and of the poor 65. —The wool-,clip of the world has increased five times since 1830, when it was about 320,000,000 pounds in weight. In 1873, the latest year for which there are complete figures, Europe produced 740^000,000; River Platte, *4Oi00O,OOO; United States, 208,000,000; Australia, 350^000,000, and South Africa, 48,000.000; making, a total of 1,586*000,000 pounds. Great Britainand Franco consume each about the same, quantity of wool—*300,001},000. pounds. a*yeaf* • Germany consumes . about: 465*000,000 pounds; United States; 250,000,000 pounds, and Russia, Austria and other countries, 400,000,000 pounds. —The total value of metals and minerals produced in Great Britain and Ireland in 1879 was slightly over '£66,OOOjOOO. The quantity of pig iron smelted, was about 6,000,000 tons, and of coal brought to the surface 134,000,000 tons. ()f other ores aird minerals raised there were produced 51,000 tons of copper, 70,000 tons of lead, 3,000,000 tons of porcelain .clay, and 2,500,000 tons of salt. Altogether there are 3,877 coal mines in the United Kingdom, ofVhich only forty-seven are in Ireland, and the whole T>f these only produce 429,000 tons of' c6al, or about *: Icedth part of the quantity

!y ;T-Jtfnv,i,artingtou said that -a.gentlerit!txi laughed so heartily that she feared he would have burst liis jocular vein. -r“ I am surprised,” said a Galveston.politician to a heavy property owner, “that you don’t,..rup for some office!”' “Well,.you see/ somebody •has to do the ta.\-paying.”—(fulveston News. I '• ' —“ Little girl.” said theSuperintendent of & Galveston , Sunday-school, “can you tell which day is tho, Lord’s day?” “Yeth thir; thath the day we can’t have no beer, cos thegrothery is dothed op.” -—.“Everybody is looking at Rhode Island.” remarks the editor of the Providence Dispatch in the course of an editorial on ,“ The Duty of the Hour.” This explains the recent advance in the price of microscopes. - —An elderly resident of Newtown was ►approached by an agent for a cyclopaedia. “I guess I won’t get one',” said the elderly-resilient, aml; frankly added, “I know I never could learn to ride one of the pesky things. V—Danbury Hews. ■ •_ tr - -“ The first hat of a new fashion for ladies is not the result o$ any particular design. One is finished plain and then sat down upon by the head milliner. Whatever shape it may take under pressure is adopted as the style and 'becomes the pattern for others,—N. O. Picayune. . '. . , —A contemporary complains that there are too many laws in this eouutry. We tear that is true. The police captured a burglar not long ago who complained that there were so many laws that he couldn't break the half of them in business hours, and had to sit up at night to finish the rest of them.—Ua:vheye. * ■ / —An old monkey, designing to teach his sons the advantage of unity, brought' them a number of sticks, and desired them to see bow easily they might be broken one at a time. So each young monkev took a stick and broke it “Now,” said the father, “I’ll teach you a lesson.” And! he'began to gather the sticks into a bundle. But the young 'monkeys, thinking he was about to beat them, set upon him altogether and disabled him. “There,’’ said the aged sufferer, “behold the advantage of unity! If yon had assailed me one at a time, I would have killdfi every mother’s son of you!”

The Bridegroom's “Best Man.” The custom of a bridegroom’s being attended on bis marriage by a friend or relative, who is styled his “best man,” as practiced at weddings in the present day, is of great antiquity, descending from our Saxon ancestors. In their time marriages were always celebrated at the boose of the bridegroom. On the day before the wedding all his friends and relations, haring been invited, arrived at his house, and .spent the time in feasting and in preparing for the approaching ceremony. Next came the bridegroom’s company mounted on horseback, completely armed, who proceeded in great state and order, under the command of one who was called the forewistaman, or foremost man, to receive and conduct the bride in safety to the house of her future Jmsband. The bride, in her turn, was* attended by her guardian and other male relatives, led by a matron, who was called the brides woman, and followed by a maidens, who were The Saxon forebrii wistaman of the ninth centnrv is the prototype of the English “best man” of the nineteenth. 4, ... ■—•—» J in—-— Lovxlt woman will stoop to folly if she stoop* to imitate the hidoous httmpbsc^efi stoop now coming into fashion.

H-— -1 —>———~,-~i-— KELl .lOUS AND EDUCATIONAL, —A young- married couple are .“freshmen’’ in the Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn. —Twenty-six women have graduated at the Italian Universities, that of Padua being the favorite since the royal decree of lb? 7. —At the commencement exercises of the University of California the highest honors were carried off by two young ladies. —The British Government has put a stop to several lotteries ostensibly organized to pay off several church debts m Wales. ... . ... - —The leader of the classes at Vassar College ia a Japanese girl. She is from the elite of Japanese society, and is both, stylish and popular. S' —^One-third of the Congregsftional churches in New Hampshire are unable to snpport themselves, and hence depend on home missionary efforts. —Polyglot religions services have been established at San Francisco. A recent open-air meeting was addressed in ten different languages. —John Wanamaker, the rich merchant of Philadelphia, is the Superintendent of the largest Presbyterian Sunday-school in the United States, containing.more than two thousand children. —At Harvard College the seniors are no longer required to attend ehnrch, and it is rumored that after this year morning prayers will be discontinued. The library is to be opened oh Sunday afternoons. —The ,Churchman says that “people -with whom it is an open questions very Shnday morning whether they wiH go to church are not only not most apt to go, tot they are not apt to be those’ who profit most by going.” — The Methodist Conference of Minnesota, at its recent, session in Minneapolis, adopted a resolution declaring the. obligation of-the State to pay the $5,0Q0*p00of repudiated railroad bonds, and promising thateach minister would dp all in his power to create a right public sentiment on the question. - —The triennial Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, lately in session at New York, resolved that “the time has come to endow the Episcopate of each missionary jurisdiction with an endowment fund of at least $£5,000, and that- the privilege and doty of creating such endowments be earnestly commended to .the consideration of members of the church whom God has intrusted with wealth, that they may aid in the founding of a great Diocese of the church and connect their names with lasting memories to His glory and the advancement of His kingdom.”. .

Hie Leaning Tower of Pisa. The city of Pisa'in Toscany is one oi the most interesting places in Central Italy. A'Thdeity is built on the Arno, which divides it Into two nearly eqtial parts. The Cathedral is a very bandsome structure, and with Its ‘ attendant bnildings the Baptistry, and the Compo Lanto, or cemetery, a'tord examplesot some of the finest specimens of early gtost r» ofthe cathedral, or a* it-js better known, the leaning Tower- of Pisa. It is to the existence of the structure named that the city of Pisa chieCly owes its fame,' ami the loaning tower was originally placed in the category of the ' Seven Wonders of the World,” and reaches an elevation of about 150 feet This singular structure stands in an.inclosed square along with the principal cathe- ; dial of Pisa, and within a few feet of that building, as a belfry, for which it wascredted. At the period in -which the cathedral was built, the year flaO, ' it was customary to erect t&e belfries apart from Chnrches. Of this peatjliaritv of early ecclesiastical architecture there are many-instances to be found on tfaie Continent <>f Europe, especially in Italy. But the toWer to whicMwe call attention, irrespective of its being, in connection with the cathedral, a noble specimen of mediaeval architecture, has always rendered the town of Pisa famous from the peculiarity of its inclining at an angle which, to a stranger passing under it, would seem to threaten its instant fall. Indeed, there is considerable difference of opinion amongst seientitie observers as to whether the structure depends for its stability on the well-known law of gravity having been complied with its erection, or npon the greater tenacity of its materials.* It is described as “consisting of eight circular stories, of white marble, ornamented with rows of columns and gradually narrowing in •Width from top to bottom.” But if opinions are divided as to the cause of the stability of the structure, still more are they divided as to the cause of its inclination from the vertical line. Some attribute this inclination to the subsidence of the foundation, or sinking of the earth npon which ’ it rests; while others contend that the tower was built expressly with its present inclination as a specimen of the skill of the architect by whom the structure 'w,.< designed. Upon this question we canuo. venture to more thau hazarda conjecture; for our part we should be more inclined to . adopt the latter hypothesis were the instances of such designs on the part ofthe mediaeval architects more numerous than they are. But in view of the comparative variety of sneh constructions, it seems to hs to be traveling out of-ode's Way to attempt to account for so singularly an apparent violation of the laws of physics, as that presented by the leaning tower of Pisa, npon the assumption of a set purpose on the part Of the architect. We must, however, in candor, admit that the balance of opinion is rather against our view than otherwise. A scientific observer remarks that the name of this leaning tower does not convey a true notion of the form of the building. It is, he remarks in fact, a “twisted ” tower, there being an irregular curvature in the building. But he conjectures that this “twist” was duo to the subsidence of the foundation during the erection, and an attempt on the part of the architect to “right” the building as the work proceeded. In conclusion it may interest some of our readers to learn that “ it was from tho summit of this celebrated leaning tower, of Pisa that tialliteo made, in the seventeenth century, a series of observations, from which he deduced the principles of the gravitation of the earth.’—Exchange. > Among the noteworthy objects in the procession at the Baltimore celebration was. the “ Star Spangled Banner,” the original’flag that floated above Fort McHeUSy upon the 13th and 14th of September, during ijs ever memorable bombardment by the British fleet. At Manchester, Eng., a widow with five children got $32,500 compensation from a railroad company for her husband’s death.

‘Youths* Department. little tsout. ’T*i« a psy little trout . That onwinoming gave out He ecu Id shift for himself, and could catch bis <5A3 dwniiies! • , saM his mother, “.Take care. And Of anglers beware!” , For tl is mother weA steady, and cautious, and wise. “Ob, humph’” gurgiedTrout, Splashing boldly about, . “Toe very tirit tty that I see-1 shall soap! Motherioolishly thinks, t Twist her naps undhp? wtpks. That everything tempting Is meant for a i .trap:' Off .he went to the Falls, Where he made tnany calls. Where he raced with the minnows and danced With-ttn; perch, _, f V WMtd bit dill not forget .. 1 WJ ,W8» hungry, as yet . ! r Thougit nolly, worm or cricket rewarded his search. _ ' ' ■=/ •.: In the brook's deepest flow, Lying Bid <10.••n below, TOtad, it lass, slept the Trout, though his epos did not close. When there dropped from a stump, With an innocent plump, A crlmton-hued fly, pausing over his nose. Little Trout, ah alert, Dashed at once, with a flirt. At this morsel that promised so sweet a repast. . r v SSy, he stopped not to took For a possible hook. So he ft und himself airily danglingnt last I le was luckily small, ■ -ind not wanted at alh Thus hs found himself back in the brook, in great pain. ] am sore he grew wise * As he increased in size. Do yea hink that he ever was captured again? J’.eta farriiiitr, in Foisift's Companion. K SO ARITHMETIC LAND. v Arit] imetic, he would have told you was ths worry of Rob Henry’s life. His other studies were, as a rule, easy enough—perhaps because he found them nore interesting, and so liked them tetter—and he stood well in his classes; but in arithmetic he was always foot, and at twelve years old was stuck l ast in the multiplication table, | wb«h could not be, persuaded to stick fastlo him. He l ad been kept in one afternoon, over a large sum in fractions, and came home kite, to find a cold dinner and his mother out. _ IE ' Indeed, a eoJd dinner was always part of the.jenahy for being kept in. School Was on at Laif-pasttwo, and" the dinner hour-bimgthree, allowed plenty of time for Rot tOWe punctual, so Mrs. Henry never suffered dinner to be kept hot for him. This lay, cold mutton and cold potatoes, wi th cold batter-pudding, were not inviting to even a hungry boy, and Rob went up to the sitting room thoroughly out of k amor. He threw his books down on the table ar tl himself on the loUnge. “I hits arithmetic,” he said. “I wish there was no such thing in the

worm. “ Goo d morning!” said a strange voice at ity elbow. *Ho looked round, and there stood the oddest-] coking little m m he had evdr seen, it was"not himself but his dress that wa: So queer. One sleeve was Jong juii the other short; the legs of Ills .Jrov 'sers were coat •»'* ’* : '.“World yen like to take a walk?”said this queer lit tle mar*. “Wal t?o-.WWaP*- asked Bob, robbing his eyes. a 1 h tii* s . There was bq sitting-room, no lounge, no table near. Instead, he was lying on the ground, just' outside of what - seemed i o b« a town otsome sort “ Whe am I?” “Oh, this is No Arithmetic Land!” answer**. his companion. “'We have no matin mattes in this country, and everybody is forbidden by law to count more thai i ten. Come, let me show you our city.r City, iideed! ltob thought of the tall, regu arty-built houses at home, the well-laid-' >ut blocks and smooth pavements. J 'his place was all a jumble. The hoi sas, if houses they couhl be called, were of all sorts—wigwams, logcabins, care-like dng-onts in ihe side of the hills, s nd brush shelters, for all the world like those built for the cattle on his uncle’s farm in the country. “What funny-looking houses?” he exclaimed, with more truth than politeness. ‘ What makesyon build them so? Why don’t you have them like other people?” The littl: man looked at him in astonishment.

••nray, r ow coma siren Houses as you are used tc be built without arithmetic? How could you measure the doors and windows ai id calculate the size of the rooms? Thun the bricks would have to be counted, and I have already told you that it is ag a inst our law to count more than ten!” .. •> “ Oh!” st id Rob. Just then they came to a stand where some tern 5 ting-looking fruits were piled for st la. Rob felt hungry and took up _a la: re red apple. “Hoiv mi th for this?” he asked. “ One piece.” replied the vender. Rob took out his whole pocketmoney, a sH'rar half-dollar, and handed I it to him. To his surprise, the man j: coolly pocke t d the money and gave him no chan; ;o. “ I want u j change, please,” remonstrated he, bir, the man shook his head, and his guide lurried Rob off. “Hush!” be said, looking around to see if any on 3 had overheard. “ Nobody can m; ke change here. Did I not tell yon lat we are forbidden to count more tlrn ten?” “ But that i ras all the money I had,” said Rob, “am I am hungry!” “Are you? AJ1 right, come in and have dinner; t lis is my house.” The little m m spoke with some pride, and, indeed, t ompared to the other ; habitations in ; he town, it was quite a' stately dwell!) g, being a double logcabiu, with a 1 > 1 above each part. A rudely-fasi i oacd table was set for dinner in on a c f the rooms, and in this room were the uife and children of the little nan. 11 ejr were all as queerly dressed as he v ;is, iu clothes that were made without 1 he least effort at regularity. “1 suppose,” bought Rob, “ it is because they hav t no tapc-lino or yard* stick, and so iinuot measure. Dear me! who would have thought that arithmetio was so necessary to tho comforts of life?’ They sat dor i: to table on benches and stools and >. singular . meal it was. Fruits and jege bios were plenty, and there was tea, n t ide in an earthen Jar. But there was vt> bread, only hominy, and thick molas .us instead of'sugar. “We have nc bread to offer you,” said the host. Only those few'of us who have travel ed have ever seen it. We can have no r sills to grind our corn, as nobody can b n iid them without machinery and mar y calculations.” Rob stared, bv i helped himself to the hominy in silenc 3; When his tea was handed him, he ncckly asked for the sugar. “1 do not unc t rstand yon,” stud the

lady, bid her husbaud came to her aa^ svtaiice,' ■ «• | “We ha^e none here,” he eaid. “This sirup is the nearest approach we can make to V£. But then this' is all that is needed—something to sweeten the tea. Think of the freedom we enjoy! No multiplication-table, no hsird sums, no fractions! ” I* Yes, sirT'* answered Bob, who was beginning to'feel doubtful about the blessings of such liberty. “Will you ^ please tell me what-o'clock it is?’* The whole family looked aghast, and the host’whispered anxiously: “ For pity's sake, my young friend, speak lower! Such a question is torbidden by law, and there may be spies under the window! ”• “But,” said Rob, “have you no means of telling the time of day^ How do you managei* ■ “Oh, that is easy enough!!’ answered the little man. “We have daybreak and sunrise; noon, when the shadows fall directly under ns, and sunset. What more do we want?” “Oh!” said Rob, not.knowing what else to say. “I have been thinking,” said the little man, “that perhaps it would be a good thing for you and my oldest son to exchange places. Ho has a fond- < ness for figures, and gives uS much anxiety ana trouble by his vice in that direction. Now yoa 'hate them, you say, so we will send him back in your place, and you can stay here in his.” _ He made this proposition with the air of a person conferring > a great favor. Rob was horrified. “No, I thank you!” he cried. “W'Aot.'” said the little man, making a plunge at Rob, who fqjlfrom his stool, ’in his effort to escape. Lo, and behold! he was sprawling on the sitting-room floor, and nls mother was asking him: “What is the matter, Rob*** “Oh, mamma, I have bad such a curious dream! I have been- ,rn No Arithmetic Land, and I didn’t like it a bit!” . And then he told his mother abont it. , “I should think not!” she said, when : i he was through. “But the wonder is that they had anything at all—how they managed to buy add sell, or do anything without arithmetic!”—Mrs. M. /*. Hardg,~in Golden Days. '*

Dandy, Dandy lived on a&cnt in Rhode Island, , and had become quite famous for his sagacity. Mr. Bundy, his master, had several friends at Jils house, and . in speaking to them about Dandy, said,, ‘•He seldom fail* to do whatever I set 3k him at. Sometimes I ant almost certain that I see human intelligence in ids eyes.” The company were all anxious to see what he could do. They were trying to think of somethin** to propose, when Harry, a bright little letlow, exclaimed, “Papa, I know something that 1, don't believe Dandy can do.” Then he whispered to., his father, saying, “Dandy must|r gjtear me, because, he knows every ^1 say.” . ., handkerchief his masteP said, “This is wh^ U'e T?hbt. bld ftltow,” and. then ’directed that he be taken to the barn, and chained. Harry hid the handkerchief unde? .the cushion of .grandmother's easy-chair, and grandma promised to remain seated in the eliajr. Then Harry ran out to the barn, shouting to 1 Dandy to come and find the handkerchief., •' • Dandy trotted up to the house, made a careful surrey, and finsHy begged to be admitted into grandma's room. < Here, after looking around as before, he at last placed his lore-paws on grandmother’s lap, and looked his wish that she should leave the chair. 1 ‘.‘Down, Wutdy?K cried graardma, ‘‘I most not be disturbed to-day: go away!” But Dandy continued liis appeal, wagging his tail, and now and then giving veut to a short, sharp bark. At length he slowly walked to the open fire, gtretclied' himself before it, and appeared |o sleep. Occasionally, however one eye would carefully turn, upon the grandmother, showing it 1 was only a game he was playing to put her off her guard. Some time passed in this way, when ’ suddenly he sprang up; and no roguish boy ever had nnsehief more plainly written on his face, than had Dandy at this moment. Grandmother's bed was her special care. It was always white* as snow, and perfectly arranged. Upon this bed the dog sprang, and began tossing the clothes with his teeth and paws. > “Harry,” cried grandma, “take Dandy; away! Down, down! naughty dog, down!” “Qgrandma,” begged Harry, “do let him stay, just to see what he will Bat, all of a sudden, Dandy changed his Course. Jumping from the bed with a pillow between his teeth, he ran to the fire-place, and threw the pillow directly upon the blazing fire. Graudma, with a scream, hastened to save the pillow, when Dandy rushed to the chair, pulled out the.cushion, seized the handkerchief, and rushed with it in triumph to his. master. “Dear good old Dandy P’ criedHarry, and he fell on his neck, hugging and kis3ing him, Dandy very modestly receiving the praise for his success. - Nursery. do.”

Crazy for Show. A writer who evidently understands things says: “This world is erazy for • show.' This is a fact which strikes us in whatever circle Wo may mix. There is not one person in a thousand who dares fall hack on nothing but hU real, simple self for power to get through the world and extracfc?enj«»yment as he goes along. There is no end to the aping, the mimicry, the false airs, and the superficial art. It requires rare I courage, we admit, to live up to one's enlightened convictions. Unless you consent to join"’ in the general cheat, : you are jostled out of reach. There is ' no room for you among the great mob I of pretenders, if a man dares to livo : within his means, and is resolute in his i purpose nob to appear more than he | really is, let him be applauded: ” The latest novelty at the New York. Aquarium is a hippopotamus, said to be 1 the largest yet imported. It measures ; twelve feet from head to tail, and : weighs a ton. Though larger have . been seen in this country, they have alI ways been very “mail when imported. This one differs from those usually seen at eirenses in being somewhat lighter in color. It came irom the upi<er Nile, and arrived at New York on the steamship Alexf ndria. Fifteen men were re- ' quired in transporting the animal, from j the whart to tne aquarium. Hie cag* i was a curious oblong bos of wood an I 1 thongs, made by the African natives.