Plymouth Banner, Volume 2, Number 37, Plymouth, Marshall County, 17 November 1853 — Page 1

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', .- i '1 " 1 . il Uf J r n mm UliJ k2222 Li rcsz ggf 'ijx.uj.? jmuugryai gr'-Tvg'.wtv w.i " A Family NewspaperDevoted to Education, Ajricnlture, Commerce, markets, General Intelligence, Foreign and Domestic News, VOI PLYMOUTH, INDIANA, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1853. WHOLE NO. 89. i .4

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ff paid in adv.mce, - - - - -At tho end of six mouth v. - - - - - 51,50 Ii ili.-l.ivo 1 un'il tl.c end of the year, l-rfJ above terms will ba strictly ad her"! to 1 yS piper will 1? discontinued until all nrr-r t,'eare paid, unk-js al t!ie option of tLe IVilisJu-r. ADVERTISINGA lvertiseiiiCiits will'ie conspicuously insered. nt the following prices, viz. For I S'l'.iar,; (oflO lines) 3insettiouS?ir)0 Eicn additional insertion, , . 2"c j-Auy thin less than a square, willbucoa sidered a s(pi;ue. iri"Advertisers must be particularto moik the nunberot iusertijus on the fare of tl.c advertisements, or b?y "Wl bäpuld'u!itd until ordered out, and dialed, accordingly. IJ"A liberal discount will be made where ndvertisin? is done by the year. LTAIl Communicatio.is Iron a. distance should bo addressed Posr-Vsiu lo the Editor. From the Scientific American. The Iaffof are of liii'iatc and Laws on Our Prajile. The following is the abstract of a lecture recently delivered in this city by Prof. Smith, on the iuduenee of climate aud governments on the uational character of the Americans: "Old Hippocratus in his essay ou the external inlluences which afi'ct the inorul and physical condition of man in the formation of a national character, has carried out his inquiries so admirably that no modern author has been able to improve them. The form of government under rvhich man lives is eminently calculated to exert an iniluence ou his type of character. The ancient Greeks aud Romans held up war as their idol, aud lojked down with contempt ou the less glittering but more useful pursuits of human industry. Cut not so with the Americans his god is not in the camp; and whereas with the former, peace was the exception during the existence of this country a3 a nation, she has spJnt but six year altogether in war. Hence it is that America has no equal and no precedent. It would b-i interesting to inquire whether, since America combined many of the characteristics of the ancient und modern common weal iSu, there ii in ihe government of the United States a potentiality which may impart to the American the elegant refinement, the taste, genius, dialectic acumen and rhetorical power of the Athenian the patriotism and bravery of the Lacedemonian tha uoble carriage, spirit, and dignity of the Roman the commercial enterprise of tha Venetian aud Genoese the unwavering fidelity and love of religious freedom of the Swiss; and, lastly, shall 1 say, the moral courage of the Dutch. But in the formation of our national character and temperament, there are in action othar active moral agencies, besides form of government. The different races of men which are here assembled, under the same political institutions, necessarily modify each other's character proportionately to their respective numbers and iheir various degrees and religious elevation of character. The basis of the American population is substantially E.iglish or Anglo Saxon. It was during the reign of the Anglo-Saxon power in England that principle of liber ty begin to show that its recognition in human governments was essential to national happiness. From the Norman conquskt to the settlement of the United States, that principle ia England was more or less shackled by arbitrary rule, aud not until the American Resolution was it left free to work out its normal irect in giving character and happiness to a people. Such, then, being the foundation of our natio.ial institutions ana natioualcharacter, it must follow that i

the emigrants coming, from other lands i joined with the knowledge that the comthan the British Islands must acquire to ! rm-rco of Orient is a productive mine, that agrater or less degree, the Anglo-Saxon j lhe nation possessing it is commercially character. The ethnologist, in surveying aJ often politically mistress of the the population and condition of the Uui- j w orld; that the Railroad, when built, will ted States, cannot fail in view of the form the shortest, aud for many of these diversified effects of climate, to perceive j commodities, the cheapest route of transthat a uniformity of national physical portatiou has rendered it a matter of

cnaracter cannot exist over so vast au ex-: tent of territory. Certain physical peculiarities will even distinguish the population in each of the great national divisioqs of our country. The people in the east will differ in some physiological respects from those of the West: tboss of the North from those of the South;

thosa of tho Atlantic and Pacific States j cent to the road. Ihis was received from those of the great valley of the Mis- j with little favor by the public, on the ßissippi; and those of the elevated moun- ( ground of its being, as it certainly was. tain region from thosa of low an I chain- j a gigantic land speculation. Jt has also pain countries. It follows that whera-! been proposed to build the road by indiever men arc exposed to the sime phys- vidua! enterprise, but this has never been ical conditions the aame temperament j done, partly from the difficulty of prowill predominate, and of course give them ( curiug the necessary amount of subscripu community of character. According I tion, and partly from the fear of iu beto general laws, the dark races occur ia? coming a powerful monopoly so powtropichl climates, the fair under the in-jerful. indeed, a3 to endanger the purity fluence of clim ites far from the tropics. ! of our republican institutions. A com-

and the intermediate shades of color un- :

der the varieties of temperate climates, (in this city, and although the requisite The physical temperaments aruiu a great ' amount of stock has been subscribed updegree governed by the same laws the J on their book-;, yet the public are slrongmelaucholic and choleric pervading iu ly inclined to believe that iiiuc'i of this

I t!ie Southern, ami thft sanguinn in Northj em climate?-:. Hut llieie varieties of tem- : perjment. atul nlscj thft phlej;natic ami nervous are not as strikingly exliibiteU on this contiticnt as in Huron.:. The

j sanguine temperament and ruddy com',J i plexion, though existing in our Northj eastern States, are not as fully developed uaat uiiiaiu oiiu uio lit duiii:, j continental countries. The English, and j Scotch, and Irish, after a few years' rusideuca in our Northeastern States, lose their rubicund complexion, plumpness of face, and full sanguine habit, become thinner in person, and acquire a paler collor all intermixture of the choleric temperament; in our Southern latitudes it is less decidedly sanguine, or cholric. and" the color s warthy and" sallow. Another physical peculaiity is the defective organization and tendency to decay of the teeth. The effect of climate is traceable also among the resident population of fore if. u birth. An able A.meiicar. dentist observes that "the teeth of Europeans who have resided in this country for a few years, are ua subject to decay as our own." In respect to personal form and stature, thy Americans may be said to be systematically erect, and inclined to tallnecs. These remarks relate more particularly to th-. population of the Eastern and Middle States, but they are applicable fur the mcst part to tho inhabitants west of the Alleghenxes. Vvre are told by Professor Drake that over most of the interior valley a ruddy complexion is rare, and often replaced by a slight turbid hue, or a tint of sallowncss. The relations of color and physiological temperament to the elevation of countries above the level of the ocean, corresponds in a good degree with those of latitudes high elevations in the low latitudes producing the physical phenomena of low elevations in the high latitude. Accordingly, in the various elevations iu the sarsifi latitudes are found diversities of complexion and temperament. From this law may be deduced the probability that the elevated plcteuu and slopei of tha Rocky Mountains, ia tho Temperate Zone that is from 40 to 40" W. L., and from to V. L., these being the lii:;hest iuhabitabla parts of the United Slates will produce ir.cn motu ruddy, sanguine, and robust thin the native residents of the Kastera Atlantic SUtes. To this physical character of the Ameri can may be added their early maturity of body, precocity of mind, versatility of talent, adventurous disposition, and eagerness to gratify a restless curiosity the two last peculiarities being more characteristic of the Eastern thaii of the Southern and Western population. The genius of our countrymen, sajs an eminent American medical writer, 'lies in exageration. Wc must go ahead. There is no resting place for our unquiet people. No piiuciple is worth asserting with any modification, no enterprise worth the undertaking if it have a limit."' If it is true that races are fair, as stated above, ''under the influence of climates far trom the tropics," how is it that the natives of arctic regions are so dark in comparison with the Caucassiau races? This is also An interesting inquiry. Plan for B-jiUin? the Pacific Eailnc3. There are two subjects which will doubtless occupy a prominent position in wie legislation ot Congress at its next session, the Pacific Railroad and the disposal of the surplus funds now in the Treasury. The former of thesr. has been long before the people, and the discovery of gohMn California, which has drawn adventurers thither from almost every town, village, and hamlet in our land, has made it a matter of personal interest to hundreds of thousands who have now a relative or friend in that far oil portion of our Republic. This fact. necessity that the road be speedily built. . . . . . The question now arises, how can this best be done? A well-known individual proposed, a few years ago, to build this road and cede it tothi goverment, provided the government, in return, vould ceda him strip of land sixty miles iu width adjapany for this purpose 13 now organized

is fictitious, from the conviction thatccr- The most wanton, brutal, and cowardtain of the leaviest stockholders have ly murder it was ever our lot to record subscribed largely above their capital; was that of Mr. Butler by Mat. Vard and these facts, together with the present, and his brother, at Louisville the other and prospective preisure in the money day. T I e only offense of the murdered market render it highly improbable that: man was that he had chastised a young this company will be able to carry cut j brother of the Wards, for a violation of design. the regulations of the school and telling lfhas also been proposed that the road 'a falsehood to hide his offense. To should be built and controlled entirely avenge this insult upon the'dignity of a by government, but the well-known fact ! gentleman's family,.Mat. Ward and his that any public woik, executed by ih? . brother armed themselves, one with two government, costs far more than 'when ' loaded pistols and the other withabowie executed by private enterprise, together . knife, to attack an unarmed, inoffensive with the corruption which loo frequent- j defenceless man. And they did it, aud

lv attends anv extensive contracts of this kind, has prevented, and will doubtless prevent this from being done. Were it not for these considerations, it is very likely ihe public would demand that the! surplus funds now in thft Ireosury should be expended in this work; and it is highly probable '.hat the company already referred to will solicit from Congreis a gift of a large portion of these funds to enable them to build the road, nay, it is almost certain that a proposition of this kind has already been considered. But we think the public will be opposed to this, as the time will come when this money will be needed to liquidate the debts now outstanding against the Treasury, and we Ehali now endeavor to present the outlines of a pln which will be free from all objections we have considered, and against which we think no ether objections of equal weight can be urged. A company to be called the "Mississippi and Pacific Raiiroad Company," shall be organized, by the appointment, by the President of the United Stac3, cf three individuals, who with three others, to be selected by the friends of this scheme, and a seventh to be chosen by a majority of those already named, shall constitute the Board cf Directors of ihe company having the powers usually appertaining to such officers. The Board of Directors shall, ts soon as possible after their appointment, com. pletc their organization and cause any surveys to be made which may bo necessary, in addition to those authorized by the Government, from which they shall select the route judged by thetn most suitable, and shall cause the work upon such route to be iuiiueiliately commenced. A Board of Auditors shall bo appointed by government, who ßhall once iu each month examine the accounts of the company, and cash obligations actually incurred by them in the construction of j the road, stall be paid from tue public treasury, and charged to the company. All pe-raons employed by the company at the rate of not more than one dollar per day shall be paid two thirds in money; all persons receiving more than cue dollar per day shall be paid ono half in money; the remainder shall be paid by an order of the government for a land warrant, which shall be granted at the present price, tut not in any other quantity than in equal multiples of twenty acres. As often as one person shall have received from the Company iu money and lauds, a sum equal to one hundred dollars, he shall receive a certificate which shall entitle him to one share in the capital ste ck of the company, which certificate, and also the land warrants shall not be transferable, except to employeesof the company, until a cash dividend shall have, been declared upon the capital stock; nor shall any person, until that time, be en titled to hold mora than ten times the amount of land warrants, or of stock, which ho shall have received for his own services. The persons holding these certificates shall be the eole stockholders of the company, and shall, in any meetins for the election of officers, be allowed one vote for every share held by them. In one year from the time when the Board shall have completed its organization, and anuually thereafter, such elections shall be held at tho principal ofiico of the Company. At the completion of the road, a mortgage shall be taken by government upou the road and the rolling stock thereof, for the full amount loaned the company, which mortgage shall tear interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum, until it be paid, and all the proceeds of the road, above what is needed for necessary expenses and repair, shall be appropriated to the liquidation of this debt. This, as we hive al.eady said is but an outlino of the plan, presenting only its leading and essential features. Should it be received with favor by the press, and the public generally, we will, before the meeting of Congress draw up a complete statement of it, embracing several details to prevent all attempts at speculation or corruption, and present it in the form of a memorial to that body. We invite the attention of the press to this subject. Scientific Avitr. 'What are you writing luch a big hand for, Pat!" Why you ice my grandmother's dtfe, und I'm writing x louad lether to her." Whtat wanted at this office, at $1,00.

murdered him.

Mat. Ward is the author of "English Items," and no one who has read that book can fail to remember his high-flown talk about "chivalry," manly courage," and "high-souled honor.' A pretty specimen he is of courage, cr chivalry, or honor. In this part of the world he would be called a brutal ruffian aud a cowardly ussas3in. The citizens of Louisville owe it to themselves that their reputation for Lrave, noble-hearted, and generous men, degeneaate not only in a by-word of scorn and contempt to see that the scoundrel meets the dogs death he has earned death br the .rone and O without mercy. The evidence of tha scholars, on the examining trial, which resulted in Ward and his brolher being commuted for murder in the first degree all concurred as to the choolingand the character of the provocation, which was the whipping of a little brother of the Wards the moruing before, for eating chesnuts in the school, contrary to rule, and, when charged with the offense, telling a deliberate falsehood. Jno. A. Campbell, a pupil In the school, was first introduce1;! as a witness. He testified thatM. F. Ward, accompanied by his two brothers, Robert and William, about 10 o'clock, entere! the school-room of Mr. Butler, and William Ward, the' youngest, took a seat, and Mat. Wyd asked fur Mr. Butler. " One of the scholars informed Mr. Untier that some one desired to see him. He went into he room, and Mat. F. Ward accosted him by saying he had something to say, and asked which he thought the worst, the mean little puppy that asked his brolher for the chesnuts. and then told on hiin, or his brother who gave hiin the mils? Mr. Butler made some reply, the witness did not exactly know what. Ward then iu an impatient manner, said he would ask Mr. Butler another question; and asked why he called his brother a liar? and then said that Mr. Bufler was a d d liar, and immediately struck him. The. witness then turned his hack and picked up the tongs, anticipating a fuss, when he heard the report of a pistol; saw Mr. Butler full, but saw nothing more of Mat. Ward, His brother, Robert Ward, was there, howaver, armed with a large dirk; flourishing it aboat. Mr.. Butler was shot in the left breast, near the heart, with a small single barrelled pistol. Several other Schüllars testified to the same detail of facts. Gillmoce, a gunsmith, testifiad that Wakd got the pistols at his store, and had them loaded be- J fore he started out. The Courier thus remarks upon the crime and the unfortunate victim: Few deeds more atrocious are to be found mentioned in the records of modern crime: not one that had so little to palliate it, has at any time come within our own knowledge. Men have been assassinated for hire, at the instigation of ambitious pruices in whose way they stood; others have been murdered for their money, which could be obtained only through their death; and love, jealousy, madness, revenge, have each and all lain at the botorn of crime, and counted their victims by hundreds. Here was a motive, in either case, strong and controlling. But when or where, before, was the life thus recklessly and coolly taken, of au honorable, amiable, highminded man, engaged at the moment in the offices of his useful profession, unwarned, unarmed, unsuspecting? We would not, at any time, lightly utter a single word to wound the feelings of any fellow creature, but crimes like this occur, it is cur duty, it is the duty of every oue having control of the columns of a public journal, to speak of them as they deserve. He who fears or fails to do so, is false to his obligations to society, and unfit for the position he holds. Wrilliam II. G. Dutler was a native of Indiana, and was twenty-eight years old at the time of his death. He was educated at Hanover College, where he graduated with distinguished honor. He was one of the best educated men in the western country, and one of the best and most successful teachers. After graduating he removed to this city, where he was for a petiod of eighteen months a private tutor in the family of Robert J. Ward, Esq., the father of Mat. F. Ward. He subsequently travelled to Europe, and threo years ago was a delegate from the American Peace Society to the World's Peace Convention, at Frankfort-on-the-Maiue. After his return, and since he established the Louisville High School

in association wi.h Professor Stürzas, he

was again offered the situation of private T!' I.Jlst Hope for?! tutor, in Mr. Ward's family, and a liber- Commander McClure can send us no al salary was proposed, as an inducement news of Sir John Franklin's expedition, for him to accept the place. The desire j The opinion of the most distinguished to be mo.e widely useful, however, had j p0jar worthies now is that Sir John caused him to undertake the establish- Franklin, after Kavinr the winter quarment of a first-class school here for boys, j lers where nis traces were muu pr0ceeuond the. same desire, now induced him to j Cll to carry ()!Jt tke Admiralty instrucdecline the offer made by Mr. Ward in a sion3f slef.rini, firit westerly for Melville spirit of generosity r.nd from warm per- j I.slad, and then shaping a course as far sonal regard. Mr. Untier marrwd soon j as tilö configuration of the scene of ac-

alter nis return irom curope, ana naa leu a widow with a child some saven months old. Execution of 3Isses and Robert Eelljy. From ihe account of the Louisville f'nnrior rirpn of thf PTPrntinn nf tip Kfillftvs' xve make the following extract: j j - cj Robert had but little to say, but when upon the gallows Moses thus addressed the crowd that had assembled to witness the awful fiat of the law: 'Mv FfciExns: I suppose you have all assembled to vritaess the sad and awful scene that is now about to be enacted. I have violated, grossly violated the laws of my country, sinned against my God. and inv physical lif 3 must be the pens It v. r a i 1 1 t . i i 1 1111101 uie; uie:: ar "lenus, "O u see before you, and flee from bad company. Drinking, gambling, indolent companions, have placed we where you ?ec ine. After a short pause, he said that, fearua, v.u.i,:- : . i : v . c -i v.- . . i , . i mg his mind might fail him at the fatal hour, he had committed to paper that which he wished to say on the occasion. He then read in a distinct voice some ten pages, eight pages of which was, as he said, in self justification, or rather to prove that salvation for his soul was possible. "I have been told," said he, 'that I, a murderer, cannot be forgiven by the v great God. Can many of you place your hand upon your heart and say that you have never thought nor desired to do wrong? If you cannot, God's law holds you equally guilty with myself." In proof of this position many passages of scripture were cited, showing that the poor fellow had been diligently search ing the scriptures and treasuring up their sacred truths, and, although standing condemned by the Statutes of the Commonwealth, the captive soul had been purified and soon would be set free. His repeated solemn warnings produced profound sensation, and I cannot doubt that a large number of young men then resolved to live different lives. Ivelley hesitated, and his utterance was choked up during the progress of his readiug; looking up, he exclaimed "Lord Jesus, still iny trust!" and he remarked to the people "1 am not excited; my blood is chill, and don't circulate for want of exercite; (touching the rope that 'fcß to encircle his neck,) I can look from the instrument of death to God and sav I am xeadv to Presiding Elder Taylor offered up to the Throne of Grace a prayer for the departing souls of the prisoners. Another hymn was sung, after which Moses Ivelley kneeled down, and in earnest, simple word3 invoked Divine protection and blessings upon his wife, children and pa rents. Rising and stepping forward on I the drop, lie expressed his Urin bellet in the pardoning power of Christ's blood, and the willingness of himself aud brother to meet the Judge of all. Looking out on the assembled crovd with perfect serenety of countenance, gave as his last words "My probation is ended, my work is finished, and I am ready." After shaking hands with all ou the scaffold, thanking Mr. Oldham, the Jailor, for his kind treatment, and hoping to meet him in Heaven, the prisoners stepped forward and the fatal noose wai adjusted about their neck.;, the brothers embraced and kissed each other, and while the caps were being tied over their eyes the attending miniiler sang one of those revival hymns peculiar to the Methodist church, Moses Kelley joining in the singing until after the Sheriff descended to let loose the drop; hallelujah," came audibly from Moses a breathleis suspense ensued the sheriff's finger gave the signal a blow of the axe severed the cord holding the drop, and Moses and Robert were iu eternity! Bright and Gloomy Eours. Ah! this bright and beautiful world, Indeed I know not what to think of it. Sometimes it is all gladness and sunshine and heaven itself is not far off, and then it changes suddenly and is dark and sorrowful, and the clouds shut out the sky. In the lives of the saddest of us, there are bright days like this when we feel as if we could take the great world in our arms. Then come the gloomy hours when the fire will neither burn ou our hearts nor hearths; and all without and within is dismal, cold and dark. Believe me, every heart has its secret sorrows, which tho world knows not, and often times wo call a man cold when ho is only

!,. .nt ,-rt tr, ro c0.,,l i.r l,1" an wuuiu nave eil

the Great Judge of all the earth, and that h,m a.1 Isla'. eewhere, soma of von mav die as soon us mvwlf? i re"nl. 0t h.,S MteutlOn.

v., ... oi-".. ,rn;n. frn. , .. I lf' the u , Com ma nde r McClure has

a. vuii iiiuiy laau viufr&AtWw tatst jxsvt

I . tiou permited southerly and westerly for Behrings Straits It is suppos! that. effect, the Erebus and Terror were hopelessly frozen up or destroyed years ago in some of the multitudinous channels i wIlich arC kuüWU 0f Supposed toexist there. this wo find to be the opinion of the principal Arctic navigators, and it comes befort us recomended by its extreme probability. Certainly, Sir John Franklin was not an officer to leave unattempted any duty which he had been ordered to perforin, and thereforo it is probable that he would not have deviated from the letter of his instructions without excellent cause; had he so deviated, it is all but behind some been unable to find any trace of the lost expe dition between Behring's Straits and the point from which he wrote his dispaches, it would appear that our best chance has been exhausted. The public have aright . f . , , "int uia u nave uuiv seen me last . . 1 . ,. t , , fail h r'i Ii y lie ii i t i line wi i i rt m Borrow, had he yet been alive, would now have entreated the Admiralty to hold their hands. The pastoral letter of the Bishops of the Protestant Episcopal Church, has the following gems: Besotted ignorance cannot long prevail in a land of free schools. Servile superstition must gradually decline in a laud of free inquiry. Priestcraft and impostures cannot long flourish in a land .f newspapers. A Leng Farewell. Misses M. W. and C. P. Webster, the only survivors of the late Professor John W. Webster now in this country bade a long farewell to our shores yesterday, having sailed for the Azores in the bark lo. They had just paid the last melancholy rites over the remains of an idolized mother, and a most estimable woman; and having moistened the dust of Mouui Auburn with their bitter and sympathetic tears; and now too leave foiever the sweet scenes of their childhood. Of home, friends & those many delightfu associateons'round which the heart always clings so naturally 5cso fondly. They have uttered that last melancholy word farewell. The train of misfortunes which has Tendered dark and gloony the paths of these young and beautiful ladies for such they are is peculiar and mournful. We will not name that circumstance, so dreadful, but ending in death, which deprived them of a father. From that event we desire to draw no veil. And now before the robes of mourning had been exchanged; before the deep fountains of grief had been dried up, death, insatiate, and almost cruel, has prostrated the form of a mother. The grave has closed over her, and sha sleeps in eternal repose by the side of hm who went before her. The mourners iu their youth and beauty have now gone. The ocean is now to scperate them from the sicied spot of home. They have bid farewell to whatever was dear, never more to return. Such is a phase of life more of shadow than of saushine. Uoston Bcc, Wih. A haul of counterfeiting tools was made this morning by Mayor Dorr, Marshall Springer, and Constable Colbeigh. The facts wich led to the discovery ore these. A mon named S. Sprague sent his littl3 boy to Mr. Nelson's Grocery for some article for which the boy presented a two dollar bill on the Empire State BanV. It was iu6tantly recognized as a rank counterfeit and suspicion cow became a certainty as to Spragues past operations "on change." The above officers of the law ferreted out the case, and found throe counterfeit bills and twnty-eight plates for altering. It is generally supposed there will be soma rich discoTeries made out of this arrest. Toledo Blade. We learn that the present Auditor of State estimates the excess of the valuation of taxable property in Indiana for this year at over that of the last year, from the data furnished by the returns of the county Auditors so far, at Forty Millions of Dollars. Indiana Herald. The iron on the Peru & Indianapolis Rail Road is laid doicn to Sharpville and will reach Kokomo as rapidly as it can bo laid. The entire grading of the road ill be completed iu one mouth with anything like the present Weather. Tiacklayiugwitl commence at this end of tho load ill u lew days. l'ru Sentinel.

I Kioe te London Times of the 11th nit.

I rsrt-, .1.- V 1.1 1 t r.