Indiana State Guard, Volume 2, Number 7, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 December 1860 — Page 1

V r.

VOL. II

THE CONSTITU TION, THE UNION, AND THE EQUALITY OF THE STATES! : IjVDIAIV' A POLIS, INI).- SATURDAY,; I) HCEMIiHIl' 22, l'8(0. :':

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-THJ3 INDIANA STATE GUARD IS PRINTED AND PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY ELD EE & II ARK NESS,

At their Book and Job Printing Office, on Meridian Btreet. opposite the Post Office, Indianapolis. Ind.

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Indiana's Record,

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Mr. IJuiTon : I see in some of tlie Southern papers, that Northern States arc clyirged with Legislative nullification on the Fugitive Slave Law. Please permit me to say for -Indiana, and for the benefit of those writers, that in no case has she refused to deliver up any fugitive slave to any gentleman, on proper proof of

If it were necessary, many cases

.l t 1 . ' J I I nr.

.. 20 00 : couiu .oe itemizeu, some Having occurred in ma t Hub! r'on County, I will itemize one case familiar to b0 I the public, the case of Ellintrton vs. Vreeman, of

on

to have no claim to Freeman whatever. This suit exhausted, after defraying expenses, some valuable property for Freeman, who finally recovered a judgment against Ellington for two thousand dollars, for false imprisonment, though never paid. To show conclusively the position of Indiana on nullification, I copy several passages from the Constitution, and Legislative enactments, as now

12 oo j ownership

Ami One Copy cxtrn lo Hit. maker ot tne

Tvr only copies . 1 y-'Hr A lid. two copies yam to llifl lliill-C'r of tho flub. Tj-A.ktilioiis can liy :i.alt. to clul..., at any time rail's, ami for ciuli au.iiliaii of ten coiliea an extra cop

'"rfi'iie '""ill" nt o writton on ail paper.. wll','',.B' "' I this County, the result of which proved Ellingu

ting tlioin by the ponton tlinl gets up the- club, and si-cur to eaeb .ubseriber Ilia own paper. IJ-pl.N ADVANCK. IN AM. !ti. papor will be Mint until paid for, and no paper will bo continued aftor llio time paid for expire-, unlen. renewed. Tl'ims !' MIVKIITISIIKU.

One square, (S linen, or lei s, M0 nis.l for 1 weok . .. ' . lor each subsequent insertion " . " for 'limit, inonlli.. ..... " for six uiontlis , o -i for one year, without alloration " I'nrono year, witli frequent eliiinpes A 'small reduellon ninde on larcer adverlisements. ujid spoeial Notice, double the above rales.'.

0 .10 0J5: 8 00 5 00 I 8 00 i 1L' 00 i Cuts

The final completion !of the military ' road con--neeting-the Mis-issippi-wiih .the Pacific iutand extending from Fori Walla-Walla, on the Oregon river, across the mountain ranges, to Fort Denton, on. the head of the Missouri, is next referred .to.

the sum of $20(V which, tlit) Secretary contend

aught to be refunded In J'lin

ininisCAsii.

-the

boeal adverlisenieuls published atttie expenso of the Attor- I nevsordorinK lli-'ui, anil payment Is due when the piibli. ution , I. 'made. No extra charge made for fu rnislilnff alll'lavit of publication. Wo will fiot be accountable for tit o accuracy of: lejrnl ndverti emelits. !

jr"p JMrfrlisrmfiilit mutt he httvittd ii bit rhnrttlny oj ear.lt teetk, vr tltey trtll be deferred until the next iteue.

Slavery and Freedom.

Slavery and Freedom cannot exist together. If Shivery enters a Territory, Freedom leaves it. , luiitt.j ;! .(.-. This sounds more like poetical than practical sense. Slavery and Freedom both exist in Yir- . . .... ' .1 1.' . . .... t ."

gmia. I lie tieKl-laoorers in tne eastern pari, oi : the State are. nearly all slaves those in the j Western part are nearly all tree while men. hv i

erybody that ever passed through Virginia knows . such to be the fact. Such is the case in South Texas and North Texas. Ami if such is the case in those States, why can't it be so in the Territories? Every farm is under the direction of its owner he can have it tilled by while or black hands. Wherever it is most profitable and healthy for white labor as in high latitudes there let while laborers go. Wherever it is most

profitable and healthy for black labor as in low latitudes there let black laborers go. We have territory enough for both races. W hy, then, . confine either to a limited space, when that space . .will not yield sufficient to support them? New York became an empire of herself, whilst slavery existed within her borders. There was no difficulty about slavery and freedom among the practical farmers of that State, as long as ncL'ro labor was profitable there. When immi-

gration from Europe poured into her territory

immense numbers of white Dutch laborers, and

when slaves commanded high prices in the South, the proprietors of the land sold their negroes,

and the Legislature ebohshed slavery. The New

. Yorkers followed the example of the New En

land Y ankees as a matter of profit only without

: : participating in the cant of (he Puritans after they ' had pocketed the proceeds from the sales of their laves. The great, majority of NewYorkers compose a sensible, practical' people, and they disposed, of 'their slaves as other Constitutional property. They never listen much to such nonsense as negro "freedom," when Republican politicians attempted to put negroes on a par with white men. At the last election, they rejected the Republican proposition to amend the Constitution, so as to permit all negroes to vote, by an overwhelming majority, y ll is true, the State voted for Lincoln; but that would not have been the case, if Douglas had not gone there upon the eve of the election, and given his confidential friends the cue not to vote the Union ticket, from fear that its success would

lead to the triumph of Breckinridge. Hut while the State cast her vote for Lincoln, it could not swallow negro 'freedom," so far as to give the darkies the right of suffrage the chief prerogative of freedom without which no man can literally be a freeman. lheie are yet n great many negroes in New York and so long as they do not possess the right to vote for their rulers, they are inferior to the lowest class of white men.

Thev are not free to associate with while men in

recorded on her Revised Statutes-

follows: Page G7, Skc. 1. "No negro Or mulatto shall

come in to, or settle in the State after the adoption of this Constitution.' Sec. 2. All contracts made with any negro or mulatto coming into this State, contrary to the provisions of the foregoing section, shall be void, and any person who shall employ such negro or

mulatto, or otherwise encourage turn to remain in the Stale, shall be lined in any sum not less than ten dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars. Skc. 4. "The General Assembly shall pass laws lo carry out the provisions of thil article." The above is part of the 1 3th Article of the Constitution of the Slate of Indiana. The following are the enactments of the General Assembly:.

Sue. 1. "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, that it- shall not be lawful for any negro or mulatto to come into or settle in, or become an inhabitant of the State. Sec. 6. "All contracts made with negroes or

mulattoes, who shall have come into the Stale subsequent to the first day of November, A. D., 1851, are hereby declared null and void. Sec. 7. "Any person who shall employ a ne

gro or mulatto, who snail nave come into the State subsequent to the thirty-first day of October, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, or shall hereafter come into the said Slate, or who shall otherwise encourage such negro or mulatto to remain in the State, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars.Sec. 8. "This act shall only apply to contracts made with negroes and mulattoes subsequent to the passage of this act. Sec. 9. "Any negro or mulatto, who shall come

into or settle in this State contrary to, and in vio

lation of the provisions of the Constitution, and of the first section of this act, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten nor more than five hundred dollars." By refering to the 1st volume of the Revised Statutes of Iudiana, page 533, you will find the

Fugitive Slave Law to be approved the 18th of

September, 1850. Indiana has copied the Fugitive Slave Law in her Statutes, which will be seen on refering to the pages I have mentioned, affording conclusive evidence of respect and obedience to Congressional enactments. Please accord to Indiana the credit she deserves, in speaking of Northern Nullification. McMaha.n.

Tim Secretary, who first initiated this graml project, on coming into office, says it has already demonstrated the important fact that it can be made available for moving large bodies of men from (he Atlantic to the Pacific, and will constitute the means by which we can defend our possessions in that remote Territory against any force that can be brought against us. Indeed, we can concentrate by this line, in the course'' of three, or at most four months, on the Pacific, a stronger force than could be put -there by any olher power in the space of a year, or probably a niuch longer time. A considerable portion of this

.Missouri route, from the beau waters of thai river to the. Oregon, passes through a country capable of sustaining a large population. It is mountainous, but the climate is salubrious and and the soil is well adapted to grazing. There are good grounds lo believe that the mountains abound in rich veins of precious melals. The march of troops through this region keeps in subordination the Indian tribes upon the route; and this is a matter of great importance to the northern settlements of Washington Territory, now rapidly increasing, and where the Indians are numerous, warlike and powerful. The experiments in the improvements of ordi

nance, arms anil equipments lor the army and j militia, have been continued with valuable results have greatly improved, if they have not per-

feeled, the fabrication of sea-coast and garrison ! real f-ict.

Mr, Floyd concludes his report by urging iliat

the accounting officer for die War Department should be placed directly under the control of the Department itself.

Abstract of the Report of the Postmaster

; General. This document abounds so much in statistics that it is exceedingly difficult to condense its substance into an abstract. On the 38th of June

last, there were in operation 8502 mail routes, estimated at 240,595 miles in length, of which miles, 27,129 were by railroad, 14,976 be steamboat, 64,677 by coach, and 143,912 by inferior modes. The number of contractors was 6445. There has been a decrease of 19,458 miles in the

length of mail routes ; but this is made up of a reduction of 0464 miles in the length of coach routes, and 4233 in the steamboat routes, while the length of railroad routes have increased 1 1 19 miles. There are in the service 40 local agents, 1,649 mail messengers, and 68 railroad baggage masters. The number of postmasters appointed durii'ij die year is 6,555, of which, 1,140 were by . the establishment of new post offices. Whole

number ot post ollices in the Union 28,552. As usual there is an enormous deficiency in j this department, reaching $5,656,705 49 as the; excess expenditures over the revenue for I860,! and for the ensuing year a deficiency of !j4,fl6!),-1 600 is figured out by the .Postmaster General,which in all probability, will be far below the.

The revenues increase very gradually, ;

gun-carriages of iron, the models of casting of; while the expenditures go up much more rapidly, heavy coiinon, anil the quality of metal for die j The Postmaster General has much to sav about ' same. The' sanie.js true as to the niaiiuf-eluie his experiments with the penny post, and he ri-c-. of cannon powd'T, particularly for gunk of large ; omniends the repeal of the provision of the actcalibres, whereby the endurance of such guns of the last session, and that the Department shall has been much increased without any diinunilion j have authority lo collect such postage on all let-, of their elfeeliveness. But it is particularly in.i tors delivered by carriers as shall be deemed ' regard to the rifle cannon and projectiles, that necessary to compensate them' for the service,; such experiments have, been satisfactory and ! provided il shall not exceed two cents per let-i

Annual Eeport of the Secretary of War. The Hon. John B. Floyd, Secretary of W7ar, makes an interesting and practical report, aboun

ding in many important suggestions. We subjoin a full extract : :

He sets out by stating that the authorized and

aciual srenglh of the nrmy remains substantially

the same as last year. 1 he troops available for

service against the hostile Indians, and others, that have become so since that time, have been

engaged in campaigns of the greatest activity. The army has been constantly in die field, and upon an active war footing during the year. i'he department of Texas has been restored to tranquility, and relieved from all apprehension of invasion or molestation by the armed and marauding bands on the Mexican frontier. It has been found necessary lo occupy with a sufficient force the commanding posts on and near the Rio

Grande; so we have that frontier well protecled,

'valtmbl

The report of a board of ordinance and artillery officers, who have been occupied during the past summer and fall, in experimental firing with rifle cannon, leaves no doubt that the accuracy and elfeeliveness of our artillery may be vastly increased, at comparative little expense, without discarding from use the good and serviceable cannon of our present models; requiring only that thev may be rifle-grooved, lo adapt them to use

as ritle cannon, with James' eloncated exnan(lin'.r I

' ----- - n . j o projectiles. This easy and cheap mode will convert the smooth bored 'Into rifle cannon, throwing nearly double the weight of metal without increased strain to lessen the durability of the guns, or endanger die safety of those serving them. Arrangements have been ordered to be made for rilling a portion of our cannon on this plan, which is the best, in all respects, that has so far been brought to noiice. An appropriation for about fifty thousand dollars for experiments for the improvement of arms and military supp'ies is highly desirable, and it is

recommended that the law which prohibits the purchase of arms or military supplies, of a patented invention, be so amended as to except from

ter, ' He thinks the results of the experiment, under all the difficulties encountered, very gratifying, and advocates the suppression of the private expresses. Abstract of the Report of the Secretary of the Navy, The document commences with a report of a

board of officers appointed to examine into the ! expediency of converting the sailing ships of!

the Navy into efficient war steamers.

'upon the South, but 1 will not despair of returning reason, and of a re'-awakened sense of con"stitutiohar!riglif'and'dutyr"f will stilHook with earliest hope for the full and speedy vindication

of the equal rights and co-equal obligations of

these States, and for restored Iraternity under the present constitution fraternity secured by following t'he example of the fathers of the Republic fraternity based upon admission and cheerful maintenance of all the provisions and requirements of Ihe sacred instrument under which they and their children have been so signally blessed. When that hope shall perish, if perish it must, life itself, my friend, will lose its value for you

and me. It is apparent that much will depend upon the views expressed, and the tone and temper manifested during the early days of the session of Congress, now near at hand. May the God of our fathers guide the counsels of those who, in the different departments of government, are invested, in this critical epoch, with responsibilities unknown since the sitting of the convention which framed the Constitution. Your friend, FRANKLIN PIERCE. Secession is not Provided against in the Constitution ; and Coercion of a State is Unconstitutional. - Under the above head, the Boston Post has a starred () editorial an article published as

editorial, but not written by the Editor which !

draws Us interest from the tact that- piiulie opinion seems to centre its authorship upon Caleb dishing, late Attorney General of the United Stales. It contains fads in relation lo the great question of the day the right of a Slate to secede from the Union which it seems is not generally known. The article shows great research, and the fact that it is attributed to .Mr. Gushing, stamps it at once as one of great power. We reproduce it below and commend it lo the attention of those who have examined the subject, as one that perhaps will thiow some. new light upon a question that will soon be upon us for adjudication. It is as follows: : The New York Times publishes "'what purports to be a letter from Mr. Madison to Alexander' Hamilton in 1788 against the suggestion of Mr. Hamilton, that Nw York would ratify the Constitution, reserving a right to secede from the Union in seven years. Mr. Madison's reply, as (noted, savs that, the Constitution. .requires an adoption in toto and forever, and that any condition whatever must vitiate the ratilicaiiou. I

The Times does not "ive its authority for this

than is now contained in the deliberate 'legislative acts of 'Massachusetts and nine other North-

I -Tirr--ltnfi tiiil li ffin. i1,a Ij-iu Tit.J La .. jri.i n i-n j.f

fugitives from labor. Massachusetts, herself, is at this moment more out of the Union and in rebellion against tho Constitution and the United Stales than is South Carolina. ' ' The result of this examination of Ihe Constitution, and the debates in the Convention that framed 1 it, would seem to settle the question that there is no power under the Constitution to coerce a -Slate by the military force of the General Government; and hence, if a State in its sovereign capacity withdraws from the Union, the only Constitutional doctrine is non-intervention. Curious Facts About Lincoln's Election,

When the original mode of electing the President of the United States was changed at the the time of the difficulty between Aaron Burr nnd Jefferson it was generally supposed that the plan of voting by districts, as we do now in the election of members of Congress, would be adopted ; but, owing to the machinations of certain 'politicians and the ambition of others, the mode of election by general ticket was adopted in this State, and il finally spread over all the others. Many people not thoroughly acquainted with the working of the system and foreigners especially are surprised how Mr, Lincoln could have been elected while he only received one third of the popular vote, although it was apparently Unpopular vote which elected him. But if the system of voting by districts instead of by general ticket had been followed, it can be shown that Lincoln would have been defeated. It required to elect 152 votes in the electoral colleges, and Lincoln received 1 80 ; but had the vole been by districts fie would have received only 145 voles, and would therefore have been beaten. Here is a table of the votes he received, and the votes lit: would have received under the district system, in the following Stales :

(jrenend Ticket.

Uj .Districts--

States.. Lincoln's Vote. Lincoln. Opp'n. Illinois .... . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 4 Indiana. ... ....... . 13 9 4 Massachusetts. . .... 13 , 12 .1 Missouri 18 New Jersey 4 . 2 5 New York ..... 35 24 H Ohio. . . 23 1.5 8 Pennsylvania. . .... . 27 21 6 Total. . ... , . ..... 126. .. ..91 . . ''. ; 47

board considered it inexpedient lo intioducel tlft,rj . xviitih relates only to the question of Con

steiui power into any except ships of the line

all of which it is proposed to alter thus except.: the Delaware, now too defective, to permit it. ,j These ships are to be razeed and converted into; first class steam frigates. Steamers like the)

Minnesota cost 725, 000 each, whereas the proposed alteration would cost but 383,001) for each. Of the sailing frigates, the United Slates is not worth repairing. The Constitution has been repaired and the remaining six should be converted into sloops of war, and finally into storeships. The sloops of war built prior to 1340, and the Bainbridi'e, Perry, and Dolphin, are not large

the prohibition such arms or other military sup-' enou'di for storeships, and will soon have to be

plies as constitute a regular part of the armament replaced with new vessels. Of the six new first

or equipment of troops, and also the improved class steam sloops of war, five are at sea, and patented mode of casting and cooling for iron ! their performances have been satisfactory. The caniton. It should be repealed as lo all articles i sixth, the Pcnsaeola, will soon be completed. -

from fort rillmore to Jtort Blown. ihese lm-

any public, place in any public capacity; nnd i porlaut movements have not been made without

vet although they arc regarded as infenors.they j mucli loll anu latigue.

do "exist too-etlier" with white men in the same

community. Such is the case in Pennsylvania, and other free States: and if thev "exist together" as a lower east of beings, in States, why cannol thev "exist together" in Territories? Slavery in the South is only a name the slaves there are more comfortable and happy than free negroes. 1 his is evident to all observers to all who are not poetically or fanatically inclined to sacrifice the while man s liberty to negro freedom.

The Connersville Times savs that the Pork traders m that place are not very busily engaged ibis year, many men preferring to pack to selling at present prices. JirW hi ther you w ish to get tenants for vour houses or to rent those of others, call on Delzell it Smiih. Real F.slate agents, who are extensively engaged In this branch of their business, thev have a good assortment on hand now.

jT7 An editor savs. "On our outside will

found some fine suggestions for raising peaches." We suppose that on his inside mav be found the peaches themselves.

I The operations airainst the hostile Indians in

New Mexico, Carson Valley, Washington Territory, Oregon and other distant points, are set forth in detail, and the intrepidity of the officers and men highly commended. In this connection the Secretary remarks: "It should be borne in mind, that whilst appropriations have been made to sustain our army upon peaceful fooling, il has been called upon to prosecute an active and sanguinary war, for a distance extending over the thirty-fifth to the forty-sixth degree of north latitude, with very numerous tribes of hardy and warlike Indians. Il should be remembered, also, that the scenes of these operations have been over the wildest and most remote regions of our mountainous territories, lying between the plains on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountain chain and the Pacific ocean. Under these circumstances, it has

required the greatest watchfulness and care to j keep the expenditures for the year within the ap-

propriations lor it. A sum not less than hall a million dollars has been required for these movements, the necessity for which was not and could not be foreseen in (his department. Ihe propriely of putting the Indian Bureau

under the charge of the War Department is , ' strongly urged upon Congress, and lestimony is

oorne 10 tne entciency wiui wnicn me responsiuie duties of the Quartermaster's Bureau have been discharged. Since the Secretary (Mr. Floyd) came into office, more than $24,000,000 have

been disbursed by about two hundred and ihrec Renters, if you have not time to look for officers and agents. These expenditures have

a house during the day, call afier night on Del-; been in strict conformity to law and regulations iell & Smith. Real Estate Agents, wKj keep their' of "; department, and all this large amount has

office open every night. They bare .'very variety

The first class side wheel steamers Susoue-

hanna, Saranac, and 1'owhatan, may. , by introducing screw propulsion, be make effectual and economical war steamers. The Secretary recommends the gradual, substantia, and permanent increase of the Navy, accompanied by the universal introduction into it of sleam as a molive power, as a policy essential to the protection of our coasts and commerce. lie also advocates the

resumption of the policy of appropriations for repairs as well as for maintaining the navy yard in a state of efficiency. He speaks Of various reforms in the latter in the employment of operatives. That they were sadly needed, the congressional exposure proved beyond a doubt. The remainder of the report is interesting to the miscellaneous reader, but not of general importance. Letter from Ex-President Pierce.

used in the quartermaster's department.

The existing law for armijigand equipping the whole body of the militia of the United Stales, which was passed in 1808, and slill in operation, is entirely insufficient for its effectual accomplishment, and the attention of Congress is Galled to

the fact. The want of a national armory for the fabrication of cannon is also enforced upon Congress.' Very frequent and numerous experiments have been made under the present Secretary's direction of breach-loading arms, and inventions for this purpose are wonderfully numerous. Many have been rejected, but some plans for breachloading have been approved, after very numerous experiments, and are now conceded by all who are familiar with them, and capable of judging, to be far the most efficient arms ever put into the hands of intelligent men. Immediate steps, he says, ought to be taken to arm all our light troops with the most efficient of these arms. On

this point, the Secretary further remarks: ' The Comlitulion publishes the following letter I hold it to be an inhuman economy which (,., i?v T,...c;,l,.,,t p:... ri,t,.n in . f,i,.n,l in

6ends a soldier into the field, where his life is con- w , . : stantly in danger, without furnishing him with Wasl"ngton: the best, not the most expensive, arms thai arc, Lowell, Mass., Nov.. 26, 1860. or can be made. It is no answer to say that our My Dkak Sir: Your letter was received at troops cannot be taught: to use with skill this Concord, on Saturday, and I should have answercharacier of arms, as well as another,. It is the erJ it while there, if I could have found a liitle inpractice and drill that make the soldier expert in terval of leisure. 1 am here to-day on business, ihe use of his arms, and whilst he may attain to anJ can, therefore, do scarcely nio"re than thank great skill with a good weapon, he certainly nev- you; but let so much, at least, be said. ; er can do so with an indifferent one. I think it The apprehensions which you so forcibly exmay be fairly asserted now, that the highest effi- press did not increase mine. You know' how

ciency of a body of men with fire arms can only sincerely and earnestly I have for years depreca-1 be secured by placing in their hands the best ted the causes which," if not removed, 1 foresaw ; breach-loading arms. The long habit of using must produce the fearful crisis which is now upon muzzle-loading arms will resist what may seem us; and 1 know how ineffectual, in this section, 1 so great an innovation, and ignorance may con- have been all warnings of patriotism and ordinary demn, but as certainly as the percussion cap has forecast. Now, for the first time, men are com-! superseded the Hint and steel, so surely will the peled to open their eves, as if aroused from some! breech loading gun drive out of use those that strange delusion, upon a full view of the near-! load at the muzzle. For cavalry, the revolver new and magnitude of impending calamities. It' and breach-loader will supersede the sabre. s worse tllul idle it is foolhardy to discuss! The report next recounts the movement ofj ,)c question of trouble, relative to suffering and 1 several exploring expeditions during the last i ws jn different sections of the Union, four years, and slates that the W7est Poinl Mili- In case of -disruption, we shall all be involved j lary Academy has been progressing in its usual , incommon financial embarrassment and ruin, and, cnurse, except that the course of study and dis-1 I ft.sr, in common destruction, so much more ap-1 cipline has been extended from four years to five, j palling than any attendant upon mere sacrifice of; The settlements on Puget's Sound and ihe property, that one involuntarily turns even from ; adjacent wale is are exposed to the incursions ofj jts contemplation. To my mind, one thing isj warlike Indians from the Britisli ami, Hussion clear no wise man can, under existing circum-1

provinces, these Indians come down in large canoes, which carry from fifly to one hundred warriors, and move with great speed. The

steamer Massachusetts is used to give notice of

their approach, and to aid in defending the while settlers, but a more suitable steamer, one of light draft, is urgently needed. Great credit is awarded to Major Sedgwick

and his troops for the manner in which they hare

stances, dream of coercion. The first blow struck ' in that direction will be a blow fatal even to hope. You have observed, of course, how seriously! commercial confidence, and consequently, die! price of stocks, 4c, have already been shaken at! the North, and yet there is in the public mind a! very imperfect apprehension of the real danger. I Slill there are indications of a disposition to re

peal laws directed against the constitutional rights

constructed the works at Fort Wise. Tiis post; f t,e Southern Stales such as "personal lib

is situated in the region of the Camanches and

Kiowas, and toward the gold discoveries in Pike's Peak. It is necessary for the protection of ihe crowds of our people moving continually in that direction from lawless and hostile bands of Indi-

erty bills, 4c. and if we could train a little

time, there would seem lo be ground of hope1 preme Inw of the land, and the Judges in every

siiiuiional ratification ; but upon the olher doc

trine, Of the power to coerce a Slate by the General Government, the Madison papers present the following facts, deserving grave consideratien in the present crisis. In ihe first plan for a ' Constitution, reported by Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, was. a pro

vision "thai Hie -National Jjegisiaiure oe empow

ered to negative all laws passed by the Severn

States contravening the articles of Union; nnd to

cull forth the force of the Union aiaintt any mem

her of the Union failing lo fulfil its duty under

the Articles thereof.

The first part of the proposition, to negative

unconstitutional biate laws, was agreed to unanimously, without debate, on motion of Dr. Franklin. "The last clause, authorizing an exertion

of force against a delinquent Stale," came next

under consideration. .. ,: "Mr. Madison said that the more he reflected on tlie use of force, the more he doubted the practicability, the justice and the efficacy of it, when applied to people collectively - and, not individually. An union of the Stales containing such an ingredient seemed to provide for its own destruction. The use of force against a Stale would look more like a declaration of war than

an infliction of punishment, and would be considered by the party attacked as a dissolution of all previous compacts by which it might be bound. He moved that the clause be postponed. . This motion was agreed to, nem. con." Subsequently Mr. Patterson presented as- a substitute a plan agreed to by Connclicul,, NewYork and Delaware, which, provided that '"all acts of Congress made in pursuance of the Constitution, and all treaties, shall be. the supreme law of the respective States, and that Ihe Judiciary of the several States shall be bound thereby - and that if any State, or anybody of men in any State, shall oppose or prevent the carrying into effect . tch acts or treaties, the Federal Executive shall he authorized to call forth the power of the Confederated Stales to enforce and compel an obedience thereto."

In ihe discussion of the above two propositions' Mr." Hamilton, of New York, on the point of coercing a State, said that "by force was to be undei stood a coercion of law s or a coercion of arms. A certain portion of military force was absolutely necessary in large communities. Massachusetts was now feeling this necessity and making provision for it. (The Shay's rebellion. ) But how can this force be exerted on the Stutes colleciively ? Il is impossible. It amounts to a w ar between the parties. Foreign powers also will not be idle spectators. They will interpose, the confusion will increase, and a dissolution of the Union uill ensue." Col. Mason, of Virginia, was opposed to military force against a State. He said "the most jarring elements of nature, fire and water themselves, are not more incompatible than such a ! mixture of civil liberty and military execution, j Will the militia march from one State into another in order lo collect the taxes from the delinquent members of the Republic? Will they maintain i

an army for this purpose '. Will not the citizens of the invaded Stales as-it one another till they rise as one man and shake off the Union altogether ? Rebellion is the only case in which the military force of die Slate can be properly ex

erted ngainst its citizens. He was struck with j horror at the prospect of resorting to this expe- j dienl." . ! The proposition for coercion of a Slate was j then entirely abandoned by the Convention, and in lieu thereof the article as it now slands in the I Constitution was adopted, viz : , "Art. 6. This Constitution and the laws of i the United Slates, which shall be made in pur- ;

suance thereof, ami all treaties, shall he, the su

To understand the basis upon which this table is made out, we will state that in every district in which a democratic member of Congress was elected ail anti-Lincoln Presidential elector would also have been chosen had the vote been given by districts. For example, Lincoln gets the whole thirty-five votes in New York, whereaseleven districts elected democrats to Congress, and he would therefore have got only twenty-four votes instead of thirty-five ; and so it was in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and the other States quoted above.

that these just causes of distrust and dissatisfac

lion may be removed. I trust the South will make a laro-e draft nn

mium any ui uiux; nieimies so essential , their devotion to the Union, and be euided by the ...! I .1 - . .: it . . .... t J

of property for sale or trade.

The report from the East that the Secretaryship of the Treasury had been tendered to Hon James Guthrie is entirely without foundation.

been fully accounted for and settled, except $24,-

000, which has been suspended av'ainst disburs

ing officers probably the whole of which will , be credited them upon further explanation of; their payments. A stricter accounlabilitv, or a ' j more faithful disbursement, it would be difficult ' i to secure.

to substantial and cheap construction. Major Sedgwick, w ith his troops alone, and almost without toils, except those of the rudest sort, has been able lo construct of stone, bouses of the most substantia character, and in sufficient number to shelter nil the stores necessary for his command, which consisted of six companies

lour ot horse and two ot infantry.

wise moderation which the exigency so urgently'

calls for. Can it be that this flag, with all the stars in their places, is no longer lo float at home abroad, and always as an emblem of our unit-, ed power, common freedom and unchallenged s.e- j curity? Can it be that it is to go down in dark-! ness, if not in blood, before we have completed a single century of our independent national exist-!

Brevet Brigadier General Totten, chief of thelence?

corps of engineers, has paid out, ass part of the! I agree with you that madness has ruled the price for ground purchased for Fort Tompkins, i hour in pushing forward a line of sgo-ressions

Stale shall be bound thereby, anything in the

Constitution or laws of any hlate to the contrary notwithstanding." The only other provision in the Constitution bearing on this point, is that "the President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed." This relates to what is explained in the above debate, as the distinction between force applied to a Slate and force applied to individuals,, or combinations, resisting the execution of a law. The latter is nullification, such as a Convention, a body of people (but not the Legislature or the State) in South Carolina assumed in regard to a particular tariff law in 1832. And that was in fact less resistance to (he lawt of the United Slates

Virtue alone Beautiful, "Handsome is that handsome does, hold up your heads, girls," is the language of Primrose in the play, when addressing her daughters. The worthy matron was right. Would that all my female readers, who are sorrowing foolishly because they are not in all respects like Dubufe's Eve or that statue of Venus which enchants the world, could be persuaded to listen to her. What is good-looking, as Horace Smith remarks, but looking good ? Be good, be woman1' be gentle, generous in your sympathies, heedful of the well-being of those around you, and, my word for it, you will not lack kind words or admiration. Loving and pleasant associations will gather about you. Never mind the ugly reflection which your glass may give you. That mirror has no heart. Rut quite another picture is given you on the retina of human sympathy. There die beauty of holiness, of purity, of that inwardjgrace "which passeth show," rests over it, softening it and. mellowing its features ; just as the full, calm moonlight melts those of a rough landscape into harmonious loveliness. "Hold up your heads, girls," I repeat after Primrose. Why should you not ? Every mother's daughter of you can be beautiful. You can envelope yourselves in an atmosphere of moral anil intellectual beauty, through which your oth

erwise plain faces will look forth like those of angels. Beautiful to Ledyard, stiffening in the cold of a northern winter, seemed the dimunitive, smoke-stained women of Lapland, who wrapped him in their furs, and ministered to his necessities with kind and gentle words of compassion. Lovely to the home-sick Park seemed the dark maids of Sigo, as they sung their low and simple songs of welcome beside his bed, and sought to comfort t!.e white stranger who had 'no mother lo bring him milk, and wife to grind his corn.' Oh ' talk as you may of beauty, as a thing to be chiselled upon marble or wrought on canvass ; speculate as you my upon ils colors ad outline, what is it but an intellectual abstraction after all ? The heart feels a beautv of another kind looking through outward environments, it discovers a deeper and more real loveliness. This was well understood by the old painters. In their pictures of Mary, the Virgin Mother, the beauty which nulls and subdues the gazer is that of the soul and the affections, uniting the awe and the mystery of the mother's miraculous allotment with the inexpressible love, the unutterable tenderness, of young maternity. Heaven's crowning miracle with nature's swretest and holiest instinct. And their pale Magdalens, holy with the look of sins forgiven, how the divine beauty of their penitence sinks into the heart! Do we not feel that only real deformity is sin, and that goodness evermore hallows and sanctifies its dwelling places ? J, (J. WhiUier. .... I M - Bemus, a spruce young man from the city, was riding out into the country a few days since with his "gal." and as the sun was hot, he stopped under the shade of a tree to let his horse breathe. The "skeeters" were very thick and lar.re. and Bemus. thinkinsr to have a little fun.

i calted out to a farmer at work in ihe field : I "Hallo, sir, what do you feed your mosquitoes i on "'-- I "We feed 'em on little city fellers and horses." j Bemus whipped up. j f- The real estate men tell n that anoticej able feature of the times is, that mechanics in this city, who have city property, are anxious lo trade ! or exchange it for farming land. They want to leave town and go to farming. The applications , for these are numerous, and show thai mechan- ! ios "want to get into some certain business, where thev will at least be certain of something to est.