Nappanee Advance-News, Volume 42, Number 44, Nappanee, Elkhart County, 28 June 1923 — Page 2

Ifatfa’si' M JtpmanncJmH

<Prepared bv th National Geographic Society. Washington, p C ) Malta, the British island in the midMediterranean, to -which the deposed sultan of Turkey was taken when a British man-of-war rescued him from Constantinople, is barely 15 miles long and 10 miles wide —little more than a point-of land in Europe's most tegiq position midway between Italy and northern Africa, between' Eranc'e* and Egypt, between the straits of Gibraltar at one end and the Dardanelles, the Levant, and the, Suez canal at the-other. has given it an important place in the history of one after another of the great sea-faring nations that have dominated the commerce of the world, i History proper starts in Malta with the visits of-¥he*Phoenieian traders, about It. C. 1500. On the Gigantia at Gozo is an inscription in I’lioenieinn lettering, tiie usual script in the Mediterranean until the advent of Greek or Latin characters, i, The,ships of Tarshish found Malta a valuable port* of call, and in, tills fact lay Malta's fate. In common wi?S: all islands, its whole prosperity has depended on the good-will of. the rul-. ling sea power, from the days of Tyre to the very present hour. Greeks, Carthaginians, •Ronraus'. Vandals; A runs, Normans. Spaniards, Turks, Britisli—all in succession held power in Malta by reason of their fleets, i It Is doubtful If the I’unlc domination affected the characteristics of the Maltese race, as this was probably only a ruling nnd trading caste, few in number. It is likely that during this time or in early Boman days the custom of burial in hillside caves was adopted. Thousands of these tomb caves exist. In them is generally found an urn full of broken human hones, with a flat plate placed over the mouth and a clay lamp on the plate. Bottles of food and water were also placed in the tomb. Beautiful glass vessels of iridescent blue, purple and green are also frequently found in these graves. ' The capital of Malta was situated far from the coast —about six miles — on the highest land, ' the present Notahile. Here, outside the city walls, were excavated the catacombs which extend to a considerable distance, j At Notahile was the seat of the Boman governor. His residercu has been recently excavated and many interesting relics found. In A.. l‘>. GO St. Paul 'was shipwrecked in trie bay now known by his name. St.. Paulo and St. Publio are very prominent names in the ecclesiastical history of the island, and to this day the activities of St. Paul in Malta are recited In great detail. Held by Many Nations. ; After the fall of Borne Malta became subject to the various powers, until finally the Arabs, who also ruled Sicily, took possession. In A, D. 1000 Count Roger of Normandy, having conquered Sicily, landed at Malta and exacted tribute from the Arabs. An inscribed stone over the entrance to Fort St. Angelo records the Nortnan victory, and several beautiful Norman buildings are still to he seen at Notahile. The Arabs finally left Malta about A. D. 1250, having exercised rule over the island for nearly 400 years, doubtless facilitated by their language, which Is closely akin to Maltese. During the next three centuries Malta did not figure largely In history. It lacked agricultural resources and was periodically ravaged liy the commanders of Turkish fleets, who dragged the unfortunate inhabitants into slavery, while tlie famine and plague often followed in their wake. In 1530 the population of the Island did not exceel 25,000 and was probably considerably less. In that year a great change occurred. Charles V of Spain granted the islands of Malta nnd Gozo. together with the town of 'Tripoli. In Africa, to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, afterward known as the Knights of- Malta. In the early Eleventh century a pilgrimage to the holy places at Jerusalem was a very arduous and dangerous undertaking and. many pilgrims died from exhaustion. A hospital was

Scene in Valetta Harbor.

founded about 1085 at Jerusalem for tlie use of pilgrims and was dedicated to St. John. To meet various requirements. the hospital was organized and j an order instituted, consisting of ecclesiastics, to administer to the spiritual wants of the pilgrims, lay broth-!-ers for ‘secular duty, and knights for defence a(ul protection, Knights of MaCfa. TANARUS! After the capture of Jerusalem by | the Saracens, Crusaders from all kingdoms of Christendom hastened ! eastward and the Knights of St. John, J then installed at Acre, added memI hers of many nationalities to their number. In 1252 the pope granted the title of grand master to tlie head knights. For general convenience, the order was divided into subdivisions according to the principal languages spoken j by its members. The sections of tlie order were the “Langues" of Provence, Auvergne, France,- Italy, Aragon, Catalonia, Navarre, England, Germany, Castile, Leon and Portugal. Tlie JUingue d'Augleterre .was dissolved in 1540 at the Reformation. An Anglo-Ba-varian Langue was reinstated in the Eighteenth century. - Each Langue had its own headquarters, or “Auberge,” and those built at Malta are 'monuments oTJfcEF" tectural beauty. They are now used chiefly as government offices and during the World war were scenes of intense activity. The order removed front Acre to Cyprus and thence to Rhodes, where its headquarters remained until the islaud's fall, in 1522. The old bond between Rhodes and Malta was commemorated by the pope, who gave the bishop of Malta the title of archbishop of Rhodes. In 1565 the Turkish fleets made a powerful attack on Malta, but were finally defeated by Grand Master La Vallette, who built the city of Valletta in memory y of the victory. Tlie Cathedral of St. John, In Valletta, was also built as a burial place for tlie grand masters, the remains of those previously interred in the Chapel of Fort St. Angelo being transferred. Seized by Napoleon. In 1708 tlie wheel of Fate again brought Malta into prominence. Napoleon, profited by the temporary absence of tlie British fleet from tlie Mediterranean, seized the Island on iiis way to Egypt. He expelled all members of the order, confiscating their property and also that of the church. It is related that the solid silver gates of the Sacramental Chapel of the Cathedral of St. John were hastily painted over, in the hope of escaping notice, hut in vain. They were, however,redeemed at a great price, together with the 12 silver statues of the Apostles. After Napoleon’s departure a gov-e-rnor. was appointed to rule on behalf df the French republic. Soon afterward the British fleet returned and won the Battle of the Nile over the French. Then the Maltese arose against the French garrison, which was blockaded by the British. After a gallant defense, lasting two years, tlie garrison finally was forced by famine to, surrender. After peace came Britain proposed to restore the island to tlie Order ol . St. John, but the piteous appeals of the Maltese at last prevailed and Malta became incorporated into the British empire. Year in, year out. fresh trade has flowed through Malta, at last secure from every foe. The ships of tlie would soon thronged its harbors. The change from sail to steam necessitated. tlie provision of greater cjockyard facilities for the Britisli fleet In the Mediterranean, and millions of dollars have since been spent In Malta for this purpose, bringing employment and trade to tlie Maltese such as they had never known before. The opening of the Suez canal brought still further prosperity -white" the increased size of warships- necessitated further new docks and workshops. providing still more employ. I incut -for the skillful and Industri,mInhabitants of Tbs Island.

raved Yards Save Feed and Labor Floor. Is Sanitary and Does A.way With Unsightly Mud Holes in Barnyards. • No farm is complete without a concrete feeding- floor as part of its equipment. It is hard f to estimate the amount of feed that has been lost and wasted through being fed in the mud. A paved feeding floor is sanitary and does away w ith tlie unsightly mudholes 50 common to barnyards. Easy to Build. . Concrete barnyard pavements, ns shown in tlie illustration, are easy to 'build, and the man who has never had f-mri'inny yVßJOosm<te ; can--acquire ~wTmT~tV~iTecessary in a short time by

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Concrete Barnyard Pavement. carefully- following a..few instruct ions. NoT all of the pavement need be built at one time. A strip 20 feet wide is enough for a beginning. ' Additional strips can be added as desired. Plan Paving. In paving a feeding yard with concrete, first grade the site so that it is practically level. If tlie drainage is not good, drain tile should he laid. A sub-base of several inches of gravel *r cinders is sometimes advantageous. The concrete should be mixed iu the proporti nos 1 part of cement, 2 parts of sand nnd 3 of pebbles or broken stone. A thickness of four inches is tlie allowable minimum and five or six inches Is-safer, especially where heavy loads are likely to be put on the floor. The surface should be made to slope tow ard one corner, with a pitch of not more than one-fourth-lncluper foot, and it should be finishedwith a wood-float, which leaves a gritty surface that can be easily cleaned, yet .affords a .firm fpi>t i ng ... for the stock. After the concrete I has been laid It should not be used fdr at least two or three weeks. The following table show’s the amount of materials required to build pavements of various areas, using one.-two-three mix and a thickness of four Inches: Square Ft. Sacks of Cub. Yds. Cut. Yds: of Pav'm't. Cement, of Sand. Pebbles. 300 26 2 3 600 52 4 6 900 77 si 8 Hi 1,200 103 754 .1154 1,500 1 ? S 9 Mi 1414 Sweet Com Is Superior for Feeding in Summer In making plans for summer feeding, the value of sugar corn should not be overlooked. In certain dairy sections where its worth is recognized, it Is not unusual to find almost every dairyman planting a- moderate-sized patch with which to meet the midsummer period when pasturage is short and gri?en feed at a premium. In the choice of the variety to plant It Is w ell to choose .the later maturing sorts such as Country Gentleman nnd Evergreen. The earlier varieties will mature as a rule before there is real need for them in dairy feeding;- Tlie earlier varieties of sweet corn are lacking in stalk and leaf as compared with the larger and late'r sorts. Fowls in Orchard Kill Many Injurious Insects Any fruit which grows high enough to be out of ‘reach of the hens Is benefited by their presence. Better crops are produced and greater growth is in evidence. Some years ago Cornell university made attest which showed very conclusively HJiat tlie presence of chickens in an'-orchagd did more good towards killing injurious insects than all the liquid sprays that could be applied. Little Improvement in Quality of Seed Helps It has been estimated that more than 14,000.000 pounds of seeds, exclusive of * seed potatoes, seed sugar canes, and other vegetative planting stocks, are sown or planted annually in tills country. Even a small Improvement in the quality of seed pi ani ißjf'w'o'utd 'result in* larger -crops at little or no additional expense or In the same production on a smaller acreage. Consider Farmer First in Establishing Routes When establishing routes for good roads, the Interest of the farmers Is the first thing that should be taken into account. As it is over them that nit that goes to clothe and feed the nungry ungrateful -world must be transported, let the slogan of roads be, “Farmers First.”

TTTE NAPPANIte APVANOE-NEWS

Cucumber Beetle Will Injure Garden Crops Pests Make Their Appearance Suddenly. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) The striped cucumber beetle attacks and injures seedling cucumbers, melons and related crops, but especially '.he cucumber, as soon as tlie.v appear. They even burrow down to meet them before they come above tlie ground. Tliev devour tlie tender stems and leaflets before' tlie plant is fairly started, gnaw tlie older stems and ripe fruits and act as carriers of cucurbit diseases. They make their appearance suddenly and in great numbers, and as lliev wrti-ra;mH.v au-entire chop may 'he- Ttratroyed In a few days. Tlie slender white worm-like larvae injure the plants inter iu tlie season by tunneling the roots and underground parts of tlie stems. Tlie control measures which have given the greatest promise of success are preventives, repellents, farm practice, and the use of Insecticides, particularly nicotine dust and arsenate of lead. In suggesting control measures, the department commends that young and choice plants in small gardens be protected with tight coverings. If an excess. of seed is planted, tlie attack will be distributed, and soriie of the plants will escape the beetles. Nicotine dust should be applied directly, and arsenate of lead used as a spray, either alone or in combination with bordeaux mixture. Care should be taken to cover every portion of infested plants, both surfnees of leaves, vines and stems. Clean culture with trap plants is an aid. Active co-opera-tion of neighboring growers of cucurbits in these methods is_desirable. CiiiimiiinHy CiTiirf In observing these methods will undoubtedly lessen the danger of losses from this pest in the course of time. 1 “Yellowing” Cuts Deeply Into Alfalfa Production “yellowing'’ is one of th'e most serious 1 roubles of tlie alfalfa grower. In j tlie East, says the United States .Department of Agriculture, it is respon- j si*.i- for a greater reduction in yield every year than any of tlie diseases or j Insects. In the past few years -It- has ! been observed in the West, but in the j rest of the country It has been known ! almost ns long as the crop lias been grown on a commercial scale. Although the cause of “yellowing” has never been definitely determined, it has been attributed to a number of unfavorable condition?. In some cases it has been thought that soil conditions i were responsible, as the same symp- f l toms occur In the. absence of sufficient J lime, plant food, or drainage. But it I also occurs where all these conditions j are favorable, as is shown by the quick ! recovery of the plants after the old j growth has heen cut. When the enasa | Is lack of lime, food, or drainage the j plants die soon after cutting. Tlie treatment recommended for “yellowing” is cutting of the fields re gardless of the stage of development j •Jbf the plants. The new growth generally conies along normally, .j.-fW’t | Fall Calving Desirable on Many Dairy Farms Under most' conditions on the dairy farm, says' tlie Department of Agriculture, fall calving is desirable. The calf 1 receives milk for the first few months , of its life, and when it is ready to he weaned from this food good succulent : pasture is available. During the win- ; ter It has learned to eat grain and roughage while it has been getting whole milk, skim milk, or milk substitutes, nnd when grass conies it can make the change without getting a setback. There is another advantage in fall calving, as tlie cow gives the largest flow of milk at tlie season when prices are usually the highest. Also calves are at the right age so that if well developed they may be bred to calve In the fall. From the standpoint of profits on milk. local conditions, such as cost of feed and price of milk in different seasons, should have consideration. Without Good Pasture Hogs Are Unprofitable All through the summer season hogs should have access to pasture. Sows with pigs cannot do their best in small, dry enclosures, and they will not be profitable when so confined. “It is natural for hogs jpo exejglse in fields, root In the ground and choose their ration from-the variety of plants to which they have access," says U. W. Clark of the Colorado Agricultural college. Man cannot furnish a ration oemparable to pasture in all other respects A pasture Is tlie first thing that should be provided in pork production and pigs should have .constant access tii It from the time they are born until disposed of. Horses’ Shoulders Need Bathing in Salt Water Since the power of a horse is applied through the collar, It Is of utmost Importance that thg collaf should fit the neck and Carelessness In using badly-fitting collars not only develops sores and ugly scarS, but many times causes' horses to become balky. Horses' shoulders should be bathed In salt water every evening. In order to harden them.

EGGS IN TOMATO SAUCE FOR SUPPER

(Prepared by the United Status Department oi Agriculture.) New and. appetizing ways of preparing eggs add variety to the menu. Here Is a recipe recommended by the experiment kitchen of the United States Department of Agriculture. 2 cuptuis tomato pulp and Juice (put 3 tablespoonfuls flour. through -o sieve) (6 teaspoonfui celery salt. 2 tabiespoonfuls butter. 14 teaspoonfui pepper. 156 teaspoonfuls salt. Make a sauce of the ingredients. Put one-half of the sauce In a baking dish, break six eggs, one at a time, into a saucer and slide each egg into the sauce, taking care not to break the yolk. Cover with the remaining sauce and sprinkle 3 tablespoonfuls of grated cheese over the top. Put In the oven and bake until the eggs arte set. Serve hot on toasted bread or with boiled rice.

SELECTING FLY BAIT OF BIG IMPORTANCE Largely Fermentation WhichSenders Material Attractive to Household Pests. (Prepared by the United States Department cf Agriculture.) The problem of selecting the best bait l'or Hies is an important one. In chousing*"a' bait it should be remembered, says tlie United States Departaient of Agriculture, that it is largely the fermentation which renders the material attractive, and that baits are most attractive during their most active ' period of fermentation. Tlie kind of bait used should be governed by the species of flies tlie destruction of which is desired. This is most often tlie bouse fly.. " A mixture of cheap cane molasses (“black strap”) and water is one of tlie most economical.'and effective baits for the house fly. One part molasses is mixed with three parts water. The attractiveness be.comes marked .. on _ thg, second ,or third day. Sugar-beet or “stock molasses,” which is very cheap in regions where produced, when mixed iu the foregoing proportions, is fairly attractive. Sirup made by dissolving one part of ordinary brown sugar in four parts of water and ullowlng the mixture to stand i day or two to-induce fermentation Is almost equal to molasses and water as a fly bait. If it Is desirable to use the sirup immediately after making it, a small amount of vinegar should be added. Honeybees are sometimes caught in large numbers by this bait. When this happens some of the other baits recommended should be .used. On dairy farms probably milk is next choice as a bait {o cane-molas-ses solution, considering its convenience. The curd frotn,milk with about one-half pound of brown sugar added to each pound, and water to make it thoroughly moist, is a very good bait un,d continues to be attractive for-ten days or longer if kept moist. A mash of bran made quite thin with a mixture of equal parts of water and milk and with a few tabiespoonfuls of brown sugar and cornstarch and a yeast cake added makes an attractive and lasting bait. Tlie foregoing baits are rendered more attractive by stirring occasionally. Certain other mixtures may also be utilized. A packing-house product known as blood tankage, with molasses and water, Is a good bait to use where bojh blowflies and house flies are abundant. The size of the bait container in relation to th'e size of the trap is a very important consideration. It has been found that a sriiall pan or a deep pan of bait set in the center under a trap will catch only a- small fraction of the lumber of flies secured by using larger, shallow containers. The best and most convenient pan for bait is a shallow circular tin, such as the cover of a lard lucket. For liquid baits the catch" can be increased slightly by placing a piece of sponge or a few chips in the center of tlie bait pan. to provide additional surface upon which the files may alight. HOW TO CLEAN TIN UTENSILS Vessels Should Be Washed Thoroughly in Hot, Soapy Water and Then Dried Thoroughly. For ordinary care, tin utensils should ie washed in hot. soapy water, 'rinsed n hot clear water, and dried thoroughly, according to the United States Decartmeot of Agriculture. A tin uten-, si 1 that has food dried on It should ie covered with a weak soda solution, leafed for a few minutes, and then washed. Scraping scratches tin and may expose the Iron or steel surface mderneath, which may rust. Tin larkens with use. and this tarnish pro:ects the tin; therefore tin utensils should not he scoured simply for the iske of making them bright

SAVE TIME FINDING CLOTHES Housekeeper Must Evolve Her Own System for Storage of Wearing Apparel of Family. If individual boxes are used from year to year to put clothes away in, there mpy lie kept in or near each one a small roll of mending pieces belonging to the person whose clothes are in tlie box. If tlie scraps left over when a dress is cut out are stored in the right place at the time of cutting, putchipg or remodeling may l>e found-in a jiffy. la' Millinery trimmings (feathers, ribbons. flowers, velvet pieces) should be stored, if in good condition, in a box !)>/ themselves, where they can be easily found if a hat must be unexpectedly freshened. Laces of different kinds can be wound on cards or otherwise put away, so that a glance will make Hie right piece accessible. --Lining materials and old dress foundations Which have further uses are best collected by themselves. Each housekeeper must evolve her own sys--tem but if she aims to arrange the -ami .tqgtprials in- storage so that everything is readily found when wanted she serves the double purpose of saving much time and keeping tlie storage room in good order, says the United States Department of Agriculture. HOW CREOLE EGGS ARE MADE Melted Butter, Chopped Onions, To matoes and Green Peppers Are Among Ingredients. The United States Department of Agriculture gives the following directions for making “creole eggs” from six hard-boiled eggs, previously ready. Cook one-half cupful of washed rice in two quarts of boiling water con.tnining one teaspoonfui of salt. Make a sauce In the following way: Melt two tabiespoonfuls of butter In a skillet, and add four tabiespoonfuls of chopped onions. Cook until the onion is soft, but not brown. Add one nnd one half cupfuls of canned tomatoes and two finely chopped green peppers, ane one-lialf teaspoonfui of salt. Cook for fifteen minutes. Place a layer of boiPed rice in a baking dish, cover with slices of hard-cooked eggs and cover the si iced eggs with creole sauce. Repeat until baking dish is full. Grate cheese over the top nnd, bake for twenty minutes in a modelate oven.

Household o © Quesfions

Soft-boiled eggs are more easily digested than fried. * • • A soiled leather pocketbook may be efennetT with a sponge flipped iafcgasoline. • * * Stuff pitted prunes with' grated cheese, peanuts or walnuts and roll in powdered sugar. • • • Mince cold chicken, cook with lemon juice, cayenne,tsalt and chopped olives, Use as a~ sandwich paste. • • * A bolt of cheap lace will not be onehalf as effective as a yard or two of really good lace on a frock. • . •. • Malted milk should be served in tall glasses, never in cups. It Is not suit-able-to serve for the afternoon tea. • • • If canned fruit is to he used for a shortcake it should ire carefully drained and cut in pieces. Use the sirup as a foundation fort life sauce, • • • To clean silver knives, forks *>i spoons place the silver In a basin and then cover with milk. Boi! for three minutes, rinse In hot water and dry

Some girls can make up their fuce* more easily than their minds. Divorce statistics suggest that errors mix with arrows in cuptd's quiver. u Tlie least dependable of horticultural products Is tlie crop of the family tree. Another trouble about dandelions Is that you cunt burn them ip tlie furnace. The saw-horse has contributed more to tlie good of mankind than tlie ruco burse. An increase In salary does not help father unless he oi*-ns Ins uiiu cui elope. There’s a brighter side, ancient Egyptian style's died out once, no douot TrtFTrttyu again: - The trouble with tlie modern musical comedy seems- to he u lack of both uiusie and comedy. Nobody yet lias heard a wife cheer-*, ing tier husband iu any long-distance rug-beating contest. Another way to succeed as an amateur gardener Is to have more -persistence than a weed. Tlie business wizards who are noted for keeping their eyes open, seldom keep their mouths that wuy ( . Tlie difference between tlie people and the politicians is that the politicians know what they want. f Among other bonds that can’t be depended on in time of financial stress are the bonds of matrimony. Still, if tlie doctors make an end of all incurable diseases, how will rich men get out u£ the-penifeutiaryj:;:-, The number of intellectuals grows steadily, but there still are enough real people to make the world interesting. The normal driver thinks he is careful just because be when lie is getting ready to run over somebody. One drawback to motoring is Is so much easier to- get batteries charged than to get ga'soline charged. Asa general thing, the only people who would lie shocked by naughty books are too respectable to read them. It would be too bad if Sir Thomas Lipton should win tlie cup next time. How then could he keep on ehalleuging? The million-year-old sktill found in Pittagoniu is petrified and solid. How little man has changed in all these years. French statesmen are worrying over the declining birth rate; the rest of the people, it appears, are declining to worry. Men are creatures who cut down, great trees to make room for a city, and then plant little saplings to beautify it. When they build the international courthouse, let’s hope they’ll build an international jail right across the street. Warships can now be managed by radio, without anybody aboard. Maybe we can abolish the navy without scrapping the boats. Some critics affirm that music Is doomed. Still, it is too. soon to try to save posterity from grief by suspending piano lessons. A judge says much juvenile delinquency is Hie parents’ fault. Furthermore, they are to blame for the children in the first place. The old-fashioned bustle is about to Come back, says a fashion note, and that may solve the problem of what to do with the old lied springs. If .the Filipino can furnish rubber enough to make America independent, he’ll never furnish arguments enough to make himself independent. The only thing we can think of that ought to make a .Mexican dog thankful is that the fad for furs, summer and winter, is no menace to him. -Bertrand Russell, the philosopher, says the world should learn to be lazy, but most people know how already. ' What theywant is the opportunity. The number of the holes in one suggests how- accurately tlie inventor of the screen door hit upon the number of flies that would be trying to get in. Sugar, as is Well known, will catch more flies than vinegar; but at present such halt is too expensive. It will be necessary to resort to tlie swatter. " The tough part of It .Is that tlie gtrl who won a prize by making a complete change of dress in 12 seconds probably intends to die with tlie secret. An Eastern scientist predicts that the radio will soon lie used to carry power. If that is so, it could lie used to play a duet between a phonograph and Itself. ~ The home owner will do well to begin early with the work of teaching blackbirds and robins that weed seeds are to be preferred to cherries nnd green pc