Nappanee Advance-News, Volume 29, Number 31, Nappanee, Elkhart County, 30 March 1922 — Page 2

Original Home Porcdativu;

(Prepared by the National Geographic So- . riety. Washington. L> ('.) The greatpst imliistriul city of China Is Ching-teh-chen, a place which perhaps not one American in a hundred hits heard of. lint when it is added that this out-of-the-way place, 300 miles inland and without rail connections, is the original home of the porcelain Industry of the world and still the , great Chinese center of the industry, I tlie town takes on a certain significance. There are few cities in America or Kurope"flint are so completely given over to a single industry as this one. Though,the methods of production are as an industrial center. It is a rare privilege to visit this conservative but Interesting old place and see with one's own eyes the fascinating process of pottery making front beginning to end. j Clttnnvrnre! What does the word Simply a ware made of clay ami named for the country that first produced if. Whether It lie a green tih> from a temple roof, a dish, a vase, or a painted ornament from a wealthy | celestial's home, it ail lias a traceable j connection with' Ching-teh-chen. With the Chinese, CltiTng-feli-Chen and, porcelain are synonymous. ]n order to get a lair understanding of the situation ;f vvl 11 first he necessaf# *“ ret the reader, know the location of this place and something of . the .difficulties in - reaching it. Aflef locating Shanghai on the map of China, one should trace his way up the Yangtze river to Kiukhing. south of which lies I*o Y'ang lake. The quickest and surest way of reaching Ching-teh-chen is to proceed from Kiukiang to Nanfimng, the capital of the province, by rail. This trip con he made In's day, barring accidents, though the distance is only 90 miles, in prospect it ,does not seem a (filtieull task to cover the-distance between Nanehang and Cliingdeli-chen, 120 tidies, imt in reality tlie trip requires more time than it takes to travel from San Frau-' cisco to New York. On* must cross the east end of I’o Y’ang lake and then push his way up the North river into the heart of the mountains, to a point not far from the Anhwei border. "Town of Scenic Virtue.” Tlie first view of Ching-teh-chen from an approaching’ boot, with tlie smoke issuing from the chimneys of scores of kilns, is an amazing one. Tlie city is located between the mouths of two rivers which flow into the North river, one from the east and one from tlie west, Tlie town is naturally supplied with, an abundance of fresh water, the clearness of which stands put in vivid contrast to tlie muddy yellowness of the Yangtze and of I'o Yang lake. Beautiful hilts completely surround the City, those on the east rising to a height of about two thousand feet. Tlie river banks are dotted with-pine and camphor trees, wtiile occasional groves of bamboo in lighter green add a charm find beauty difficult to describe. Ching-teh-chen (“Town of Scenic Virtue'*) is one of the four largest towns (as distinguished from cities) of China. Technically; it is a town; because it. has no wall. In reality it i,s a busy industrial city of 300.000 people, two-thirds of whom are engaged in the manufacture and sale of porcelain. Romantically, It is a city to stir men’s souls. Longfellow, in bis “Keramos,” speaks of 11. Historically. it dates back to the Han dynasty, 220 a D-, during which period we find tlie first records of tlie production of porcelain In China, though earthenware vessels were probably produced some centuries earlier. TwotnaTn’sireet'sVTibiiliT'th'rPFTUTteS' long- and conforming to tlie "contour of the* river, comprise the principal thoroughfares. ,••• •• The city is about a mile wide. Furnaces, warehouses, shops, and homes are crowded together in a hopeless - tangle-.. Great mounds ot chiliPCd IVDiI defective porcelain, clay chips- and broken dishes are piled high along the river bank. Jn fact, one first .notices these pieces of porcelain in tlie bed of tlie stream several miles below the. city, wallied down by high water. These dumps must he 30 or 40 feet thick. They represent the accumulated offenstings of tlie kilns for centuries. Tliere are now between 150

Chinese Potter at Hie Wheel.

and 200 big yellow chimneys in the city. It is * said that Ching-teli-chen in her most flourishing days boasted several thousand kilns. Most Conservative of Cities. The most unusual feature of the city of Porcelain is its conservatism. “Bu k'ait'ung'' (not open to communications) is heard ou every hand. Although China is the home of the printing press, (here is not a single newspaper, either daily or weekly, published In- this city of more than a quarter of a million inhabitants. Tlie reason given for this unpfogressive state of affaiqg—4b that the magistrates have always opposed the press, on the one hand because they are afraid of its political influence, and on the other because of the financial support that would be involved. Ching-teh-chen is devoid of electric lights and telephones. The few rickshaws which now facilitate communications are fighting for e-vistenee, A number of workingmen's guilds have petitioned the chamber- of commerce to abolish tlie rickshaws on the. ground that they interfere with traffic. The geographical location of Ching-teli-chen is not accidental. It became tlie (lottery center of tlie country centuries ago because of the enormous quantities of excellent clays in tlie | district around I’o Yang lake. All of these clays are brought to Ching-teh-chen in the-form of eoft, white pricks by small, flat-bottomed boats. Thousands of Chinese boatmen are engaged in tfiis work. ■ After the clays are thoroughly cleansed, sifted, and refined they are kneaded together in varying proportions, usually by a barefooted boy, until they are ready for tlie potter. The wet lump Os clay is then placed on the knob of the potter's wheel. The potter is perched above the wheel, with one foot on either side, in order to allow sufficient space for •Hie movement of his hands. After revolving the wheel swiftly with a short pole, he deftly and with mechanical precision fashions a plate, bowl, or vase. After years of practice he can estimate to within a hair’s breadth the proper size. '<* The piece is then removed and placed on a long tray in front of the potter, where It ‘awaits the next artisan. Handles and other decorations, made In molds, are added, and then the whole* is scraped smooth and allowed to dry until it is ready for the next process—the under-glaze decoration Several basic colors, like blue and red, can be painted on under the glaze. The glaze is next applied in various ways—by dipping, by blowing on with a tube, or by sprinkling. After the mark has been added the piece is ready for tlie furnace. Firing the Porcelain. Porcelain placed in the kiln to be fired lias to be protected in strong, cylindrical clay vessels, called saggers. These"trays cmn lie -Used from, three to six times before they are ready foi tlie scrap heap on the river hank. Every piece of porcelain, as it is set i into tlfe sagger, is placed on/a small, round, day chip, sprinkled with straw ashes. This prevents tlie fusing together of the two pieces. Tlie fuel for the furnaces at Ching-teli-chen is of two kinds —straw and wood. Coal lias been tried, but it was found that lis fumes discolored the | porcelain, and accordingly Its use was dlscontini icd. Straw is used to burn only the coiner ware. ,i The kilns are large, egg-slmped ovens of brownish brick, fifty feet long .and twelve feet high at tlie highest point. Because of the Intense heat, -botb-tbe-kilns. and The chimneys must be rebuilt annually. There is no unemployment In Ching-teh-chen. Work is plentiful, but Industrial conditions are bad. Long hours, poor .food, no rest days, and unsanitary living conditions cause a great of, dissatisfaction among the laborers. Wages range from ten cents to one dollar per day, varying not according to'tbe number of hours,-bat-according to the number and quality of the pieces produced. But no artisan must work too long. If a man is found doing too much and working beyond the time limit, he is set upon by his fellow workers and severely beaten.

To Link North and Black Seas

Plan to Cut Steamship Waterway That Would Be Great Help to Commerce. ACROSS EUROPE BY WATER Germany Is Considering Project of Connecting Up the Rhine and the Danube for Ocean-going Vessels. Washington, D. C. —"Instinctively one links die Mississippi ami the Missouri rivers; years to come may find us regarding tlie liunuhe and tlie lthine - in tlie same way,” is the comment of n National Geographic society .bulletin upon the reports of a plan to cut a steamship waterway from the North sen to the Black sea. "As for u ‘waterway across Europe’ —such u waterway already exists, though travelers through a small section of it might have to resort to very small craft. Information about the condition of tlie canalized portion of this trans-European water route Is not readily available, since the Unking of the Kliine and the Danube occurs in Germany. New Conceptions of Europe. "Tlie very fact that we classify the legend-laden lthine in one mental pigeonhole, and tlie romantic, castled Danube in another, makes the announcement of a ‘waterway across Europe' come ttpou us with the impact of a fresh idea. ,1 usfi.as war brought about political changes in Europe, so peace is bringing economic 'changes. Hence; pf Germany carries but the project she is considering. will have to tliink of n Europe cut through with n water route, just ns we have learned to think of a Europe jxith Turkey almost gone, a Poland wlch a boundary, and tlie new names of Czechoslovakia and Jugo slavia, conspicuous upon its map. "A present water route a cross Europe—and others are possible witli very short piirtnges—Ties along the Rhine to Mainz, up tlie Rhine’s tributary, -Main, to Bamberg, thence through the Regnitz, into the Ludwig canal to the Altmuhl, -which empties Into tlie Danube at .Kelheim, Where Two Rivers Are Linked. “in your miiuTs eye, even without n map, yon cun recall two focal points of this route, Frankfort, on tlie Main, mid Rutishon (or Regensburg) on the Danube. Vessels of more than 1.000 tons can go up the Rhine and Muin to Frankfort; and vessels between 400 and 1.000 toiis_can go up the Dunuhc ns far as Ratisbou. Kelheim, the Danube end- ol tlie small -river-cnnUl

One of Uncle Sam’s Helpful Stunts

Tile Department of Agriculture gives all sorts of service to people throughout the United States. One man, curious to know the cause of the death of a qmle, sent tlie stomach to the bureau of animal industry, to have It examined. The photograph shows Dr. W. N. Berg doing the work requested.

AIDING WORLD WAR VETERANS

Government Is Spending More Than $1,000,000 a Day. Director of Veterans’ Bureau Seeks Half-Billion to Divide Into Seven Composite Branches of Relief Work. 1 Washington.—More than $1,000,000 a day, Including Sunday, ls_being expended by the United States government for tlie former service men and their dependents, say government offieitfls. ’ The 3922 budget estimate of expenditures to he made directly for the benefit of the former warriors, calls for $510,000,000. This huge sum will be divided. CoL C. It. Forbes, director of the United States veterans' bureau, said. Into seven composite branches ,f soldier relief work. For vocational training, the sum of ne.7 .VWIOOO ■ for medical and hospital

THE NAPPANEE ADVANOE-NEWS

link with the Rhine, Is only 12 miles southwest, of Hutlsbon. The Improvement of the Danube to Kelheim would olTer no great difficulties. Above Frankfort, to Wurzburg, vessels between 400 and 1,000 tons can traverse the Main. "The trouble with this route, even with chunnels deep enough to carry larger steamers from Wurzburg to Rutishon. Is the extremely circuitous course between the Rhine and the Danube. From Frankfort the route forms an almost perfect ‘W' and (hen trails off like a careless flourish through Nuremberg to Katishon. A projected shortening of tills route contemplates passing the confluence of the Rhine mu! tlie Main, continuing up the Rhine to Mannheim, thence Into the Necknr and into the proposed canal from that point to .connect' with the Danube nenr Offingen. -- ‘•Completion of the project for this deep waterway across Europe would make tlie Khine-Danuhe route one of tlie most im|Mirtant commercial highways of the world—ranking in economic Importance with tlie I’anatnn and Suez canals, and in extent with the Mississippi-Missouri channel and the tremendous navigable length of the Amazon. Tlie Black-to-North-sea trip would he a journeytof nearly 22)00 miles. The high water navigation head of the Missouri, In Montana, is 3,500 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, while ocean-going steamers may ascend the Amazon for 2,800 miles."

Has First Bible Printed in U. S.

Newberry Library in Chicago Also Possesses Parliament Act Ordering It. TRANSLATED INTO RED TONGUE Government Ordered Collection in Eng. land and Wales to Defray Cost of Propagating Gospel in , New England. Chicago.—The first 'Bible printed in the Jjnitcd States sprang directly from a national solicitation of funds in England and Walbfi in a manner somewhat akin to the J*>un drives, according to George Yi,' Uuey, librarian

services, the sum of . $64,600,000; for payments on war risk term insurance, tlie sum of $81,700,000; for United States government life insurance, tlie sum of '$161,000,000; for retroactive government allowances on proved and extant claims, tlie sum of $2,000,000; for salaries and expenses, that Is administration. the stun of $31,500,600.’ These figures total $514,000,000 from which Colonel Forties deducts tlie $5.700,000 to be paid In Halted... States government life Insurance claims, on the ground that It is a self-supporting branch of the bureau's activities. COAL MINE FAtALTNEO DROP Decrease of 26 -Per cent Shown In United States Bureau Report for January. Washington, . D. C,—Fatalities at coal mines during January declined about 26 per cent from January a year ago, according to an announcement

Surprised House Cat ;! Hatches Out Chickens ;! North Baltimore, O. —A house [ ■ cat belonging to Mrs. Fred i[ Loomis of Perryshurg, 0., is the ]> wonder of the town. The cat < [ has Just hatched out two J chickens. ij The other day Sirs. Loomis {■ heard n noise coming from the ■[ cut’s nest. She Investigated and !■ found two baby chicks. ■! Her theory Is that a hen used I* the cat’s nest for her nest, while % Hie cat furnished the Incubation. t Anyway, Mrs. Cat is puzzled ’I Over fier new family. ■ WWWJWmVWIMMM?

MATRIMONY ‘AD’ FILLS HOUSE Young Tenor in Ropia Usee Rute to Attract Women Hearers to Opera. Rome.—Women s love of romance has been utilized for theatrical advertising by tlie agent of Sig. Umberto Hota, a tenor here. In tlie personal columns of several Rome newspapers the followltjg appeared: “Sltin of independent means and handsome appearance desires to marry young woman. Dowry unnecessary. He may be seen in one of the stage boxes at the Adriano theater on Saturday night.— Umberto Rota.” At the performance the theater was sold out to women of all degrees, who kept their gaze fixed not upon the stage, but on the boxes. As tlie latter remained empty they turned their attention to the program, where they found that Umberto Rota was a young tenor making his debut that evening.

of the Newberry library here. Tlie library lias both tlie first American Bible and the act of the English parliament which led to it. The Bible was a translation into the tongue of the Massachusetts Indians. For years John Eliot, a Puritan iieeing from persecution, who landed 11 years after the Mayflower, had been sending buck to England reports about missionary success among the Indians. Ordered by Parliament. When the Puritans came into power he found a friendly government, and in 1649, within six months after Charles I was executed, when Cromwell wns supreme, parliament passed “An act* for promoting and propagating the Gospel In New England.” The act created a corporation consisting of 10 Londoners, which thereafter carried on the work. , But more especially it ordered “a general collection in all the countries, citis, towns and parishes of England and Wales.” It required the ministers to rend tiie act to their congregations and instructed them, with others, to “go with all convenient speed from hbuse to house to every one of tiie inhabitants of the said parishes and (daces respectively, and to take the subscription of every such person in a schedule to be presented to them for that purpose and accordingly at the same time to collect and gather the same." To Educate Red Brother. Better education of the Indians was also named among tlie purposes of the corporation. Twenty-five years later there were four Indian towns with schools in Massachusetts and “the praying Indians” there numbered 4,000. 'This collection ordered by parliament brought in about £II,OOO, it Is reported. .. Fourteen years later, ih 1663, Eliot furnished the first complete Bible printed in the western hemisphere. Its title page beasts the lines: “At the charge and with tlie .consent of tiie Corporation in England for the Promotion of the Gospel Amongst,the Indians in New England.” The place .of printing wns Cambridge, Mass., where 23 years before KJlft had helped compile tlie Bay Psalm Jbook, the first book to come off tlie press, in what is now tlie United States. •

Issued by the bureau of mines. The total last month was 146 against 197 last year. Rased on an estimated coal production of 43,955.000 tons last month, the death rate wns 3.32 per million tons mined, compared with 4.13 for January 1921. Compared with the accident record for January last yenr, there wns a reduction last January of thirteen fatalities in West Virginia, eight In Kentucky. seven In the bituminous mines of Pennsylvania, four In Wyoming, three" In Indiana and three In lowa. Alabama showed an Increase of five nmPOhio two. A reduction of-seven Is shown in the number killed nt the anthracite mines in Pennsylvania. Golden Eagle Captured. Anderson, Ky.—A golden eagle which measured seven feet from tip to tip of his wings was captured one day by Winfrey P. Blackburn, Van Buren, between Glenßboro and Lawrenceburg. The bird is a splendid specimen of the raj-e species and was not Injured. The big bird has attracted much attention at the home of Blackburn, where It 1 being exhibited.

; UiFROVtO UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL ! SundaySchool 1 7 Lesson 7 1 My Rfcv. r. B. KiiZWATEU, D. D.. Teacher of English Bible in the Moody , Ulble Institute of Chicago.) 1 Copyright. 1912, Wottrn Newpaper Union. LESSON FOR APRIL 2 ASA RELIES ON GOD LRSSON TEXT—II Chronicle* 14:1-11. GOLDEN TEXT-Help us, O Lord our God; for we rest on Thee.—ll Chron. 14:11. REFERENCE MATERIAL—II Chron. 14:13-16; Isa. 41:10-13. PRIMARY TOPIC-A King Who Trusted God. JUNIOR TOPIC-God Helping Asa. INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOPIC —A Ruler Who Relied on God. YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOPIC —The Source of Personal and National Power. I. Asa’s Reformation (vv. 1-5). Asa was the grandson of Relioboam, Both his grandfather and father favored Idolatry, but in spite of this record of ills ancestors, Asa had a will of his own, an., though young when he came to the throne, inagurated a campulgn of reform which brought great good. He not only had the handicap ot the idolatry and Immortality fostered by the tWo former kings, But lie hnd to contend against the Influence of his mother who had encouraged Immoral worship (I Kings 15:13). In order to carry out his reformatory measures lie had ro wrest authority from her by deposing her. Asa did that which was good and right in the eyes of the Lord (v. 2). 1. Cleured the land of idolatrous emblems and Images (vv. 3,5). (1) Strange altars. These were the altars devoted to other gods. (2) High places. These were' places where unlawful sacrifices were offered. (3) Broke down the Images. These were upright stones connected with idolatrous w’orshlp. (4) Cut down the groves. These were trees or poles' connected with tree worship. He hnd all these relics of idolatry destroyed in Jerusalem and other cities tnroughout his kingdom. 2. Commanded Judah to seek the Lord (v. 4). He knew that if the reformation was to be effective it must be by the positive seeking after and worshiping of God, accompanied by obedience to His Destructive work avails little unless followed by constructive. 11. Asa’s Defensive Preparations (vv. 6-8). 1. Built fortified cities (v. 6). The cities are not named, but the meaning, doubtless, is that it was a general system of defense which involved the cities at strategic points. 2. He erected walls about the cities (v. 7). These were usually of stone. Upon tlie walls were-observa-tion towers from which the position and movements of the enemy could be seet, and .from which defensive .warfare could be waged. 3. Mude gates and barred them (v. 7). The reason he assigns for these defensive preparations was that they had sought the Lord God. Those who really (rust God will make every effort to provide defense. 4. Had an army of spearmen (v. #). These spearmen were also protected „wlth large shields. The army was made up of 480,000 brave men. They were prepared to wage an offensive as well as a defensive war. 111. Asa’s Victory Over Zerah, the Ethiopian (vv. 9-12). 1. Asa set tlie battle in array (v. 10). He went out to meet the enemy. He first made a disposition of his means of defense. This was wisdom on his part. Intelligent faith moves i the possessor to do first that which is within Ills power. „ 2. Asa’s prayer (vv. 11, 12). tie cried unto the Lord. He sought the source of national power. In this prayer note (1) hfs conscious belpldss-' ness. As he faced the Egyptian army two to one against him, he was clearly conscious of his impotenev.-. The first requisite in obtaining help from Oqd is conscious weakness. The Christian conquers not by self-reliance, but by self-distrust and faith in God. (2) Appeals to God for help. He, knew that though they were helpless before the mighty enemy, with God’s help they could win the victory. One man with God is a nfnjority. (3) Reposes faith in God. .The word “rest” menns to lean upon—to,cast the entire weight upon. In the measure that we realize our need of support will we lean hard- upo* God. (4) Advanced courageously. He went forth depending npoq God to fight for him. Real faith does not wait until it sees its way clear, but goes forth expecting God to clear the way. (5) 1 lung himself upon, God's arms. “O Lord, thou art our God.” His cause wns God's cause. If God has taken us for His people, and if we have taken Him for our God, no enemy can prevail against us. May we experimentally.say, "Thou art my jßod,” and heqr Him say, "I am thy God!" 3. The Egyptians smitten (v. 12). The enemy fled before Isrenl and could not recover themselves. Love, Faith and Hope. A little love from day to day, and stt-ength enough to preach It; n glimpse of heaven along the way. And faith and hope to reach It Console Thyaelf. If thou-suffer Injustice, console thyself, the time unhappiness Is In doing It —Democritus. Mistake Gold for Good. Misers mistake gold for good, whereas It Is only a means of obtaining It.— Rochefoucauld.

DOES YOUR HOUSEWORK SEEM HARD? Has Your Strength Lett You 7 Gude’s Pepto-Mangan Will Restore It If you have dyspepsia and headaches and feel “ull In,” don't take It for granted that- there is no relief. Strength and ambition for your tasks will come when you build up your “weakened blood with Gude’s PeptoMangan. Take it with your meals a few weeks and see the permanent benefit. It Is just the thing to aid you to recover full health. This wonderfully efficient form of food irop quickly improves the appetite, adds color to cheeks and lips and imparts strength to the Jaded muscles. Remember to ask for “Gude’s PeptoMangan." Sold in both liquid and tablet form.—Advertisement. - Giving the Old Man a Treat. Goodputter—l tell you, Nlckelplnch, the whole town is talking about your driving your old futher to tlie poorhouse In your automobile. Nlckelplnch—l reckon they see now that I cun do a good turn once In a while. I never charged the old man a cent for it. Just sent the bill to the county. DYED HER SKIRT, DRESS. SWEATER AND DRAPERIES WITH “DIAMOND DYES” Each package of “Diamond Dyes" contains directions so simple any woman can dye or tint her worn, shabby dresses, skirts, waists, coats, stockings, sweaters, coverings, draperies, hangings, everything, even if she has never dyed before. Buy “Diamond Dyes” no other kind—then perfect home dyeing is sure because Diamond Dyes are guaranteed not to spot, fade, streak or run. Tell your druggist whether the material you wish to dye in wool or silk, or whether it is linen, cotton or mixea goods.—advertisement. White Spots on Wood. The white spots left on the woodwork after ft Is washed are caused by.the use of soap which is too strong. In cleaning woodwork, use luke warm water and milk, soap suds or cleaning powder. These leave no spots and are good dirt removers. NAME “BAYER” IS ON GENUINE ASPIRIN Take Tablets Without Fear, if You See the Safety “Bayer Cross.” If you want the true, world-famous Aspirin, as prescribed by physicians for over twenty-one years, you must ask for “Bayer Tablets of Aspirin.” The “Bayer Cross" Ms stamped on each tablet and appears on each package for your protection against imltat ions.—Ad vertisement. Somewhat Contradictory. She—(tenderly)—“And are mine tho billy lips yen* have kissed?" He—“ Yes, and they are the sweetest of all.” No Rubber V. More Stretch EXCELLO IkrKdi RUBBiRUEftS Ijp Val JJU Hfl SuspenderS T T Wear Guaranteed jPk price 78c f\ AikTobr DMler / 1 I 1 If h'ha*n’t them, send * ™ V • direct, riving dealer-s nun*. * a__ Vn Accept no •üb.tltute. AMwJIU-Wmt Look for guarantee label and _ Uarteri ana name on buckle*. Hose Supporters Nu - Way Strech Suspender Cos.. Mfrt.. Adrian, Mick.

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