Nappanee Advance-News, Volume 29, Number 21, Nappanee, Elkhart County, 19 January 1922 — Page 3

Whai’ Tibo> #j> Lii^#

Tibetan Houses in Robber-Infested Bad Lands.

(Prepared by the National Geographic Boclety, Washington. D. C.) Few countries are more Isolated than Tibet with the huge bulk of China hemming it in on the east, the world's greatest rampant “of mountains to the south-and west, and vast desert, expanse to the north. Behind these bulwarks Tibet has existed for centuries, Inhospitable to the knocking of moderp ideas; and It is today, therefore; In Institutions -and-customs-, one of the most primitive of the larger continental countries which have any semblance of governmental machinery. Buddhism seems to have been the only one of the great forces molding the outside world which made itself felt behind Tibet’s towering mountains; and even that force, having once gained success, has been almost swallowed up in the devil Worship which is the highest religion that the Tibetans themselves have evolved. Until a few years ago the West knew practically nothing of Tibet, ex“"cept flie father" doubtful ' information brought to the outside world by u few adventurous travelers of the middle -ages. Exploiter after explorer during the past century was turned back with but a fleeting glimpse of the edge'of the unknown land, usually in the sparsely settled regions of the north. ‘ j i But though much of Tibet is unknown, civilization has set a few outposts in the eastern edge, of the country close to the Chinese border, and so. [ms come to know “provincial Tibet” fairly well. The valley of the Yangtze, where that greatest of Chinese rivers flows almost due south at the eastern end of the Himalayas, forms the southern portion of the border between China proper and Tibet. Theoretically Tibet Is a vassal statiyof China, but actually since the Chinese revolution Tibet has. kept all Chinese officials out and has swum free under her ruling priests. Even the region on the China side of the Yangtze is more Tibetan than Chinese. This border region, which is better known to the outside world than any other part of Tibet, is a country of high plateaus and muntulns. The principal city of,the region, Batang, Is one of the lowest points, yet its irtrftude is 9,000 feet above sea level, nearly twice that of Denver. Much of the surrounding plateau is 12,000 to 15.000 feet high. From this great upland rise numerous peaks 20,000—foot and -more" in -height.

Tremendous Mountain Panorama. The view from the'summits of sume of the passes that mustTbp traversed in traveling about this' marvelously rugged country can hardly be surpassed anywhere in the world. The ''-paTrorauia -for"Tluhtlfeas" Of^Mlfes"oh’ a clear day is one of countless high pehks interspersed with greater snowy ' siasses that exceed in height the top--most' pinnacles of all other continents. Below timber line are some fine for-ests,--And the Alpine-like flowers of the short summer are exceedingly beautiful. Here and there among the mountains -ate. clear, sparkling lakes, their waters: so cold that in most of them fish cannot live. - Many of the - Tibetans are nomads, tending , flocks of sheep and yak on the uplands, and living in black, yakliair tents. In those valleys which are low enough To permit the maturing. of grain, other Tibetans practice a rude sort of agriculture. In spile of the cold winters the tent Is the year-around home of the nte mads, and they seldom even enter a house. As the snow melts onv the lower slopes of the mountains In the spring, they follow their herds upward from the valleys in its train, until lu mid-summer they are .living, far up in the highlands and on the sides of the peaks. When winter begins to set in they make the reverse journey, going down to the valleys only as fast as the descending snow line drives them. The farmers of the- lower valleys Uve Ip substantial houses of mud

with flat roofs. These dwellings are not unlike the adobe houses of Mexico, but are decidedly more substantial, being constructed by the beating of mud into thick walls between forms of timber. - - , , The farmers have few animals but utilize the yak for plowing, the animals being brought down from the highlands ut the proper time. Wooden plows with a single handle are used. The Jiiving quarters in the house of the valley folk usually consist of a single large room; in which all work, including the cooking, is done, and where the members of the family eat and sleep. Few Comforts in the Home. The comforts in such homes are very meager. In few establishments is there even the semblance of a bed. In the ordinary houses “going to bed” means nvej-ely loosening the girdle, opening the sheepskin garment, arid •cnrlitfg "up on the the feet toward the stove, which is an essential feature of all habitations in this high, cold country. The stove is of mud, with a fireplace below and a hole in the top into which pots" may be set for cooking. It is usually -found on ofle side of the living room, aftd the members of the family, on retiring for. the night, range themselves in a fanshaped group about it. Families possessing domestic animals share their houses with them. In two-storied houses the lower floor is the stable, and through it the living quarters are* reached.’ In some onestoried houses the, frtmt . portion is given up to the animals, while the family lives in the rear. The two principal foods of the Tibetans, “tsamba” and “butter tea” seem to u. westerner neither appetizing tior nourishing, but in spite- of a cheerless climate the mountaineers manage to keep sturdy on thfern. Tsaniba is 'fnacle by parching barley and then grinding it into a sort of emergency ration, which on mixture with moisture _is ready to efit. When Tibetans are* on Journeys or are wandering about with their flocks and herds, they carry tsamba in small leather bags inside their coats, thus always having at hand the materials for a hearty meat. In preparing "the other-principal article of their diet the Tibetans first make a strong liquid by boiling the coarse Clunese tea which they prize most highly. The "concoction is strained into a churn and to it are added" u lump of butter, more or less state, and a handful of salt. queer mixture is then churned into" an emulsion. The resulting liquid is neither -rear sotrp ntir gravy ’but’ to nr. occidental is a sort of Indifferent mixture of all of them.

Original Condensers of Milk. The Tibetans of this region were probably the original users of condensed, milk in the form of dry lumps, for they have prepared this article of food for many centuries. Fresh milk is poured into a cnurn wnlch“is never 'washed and the liquid therefore curdles ulmost tlie lnstanL-U-StO-in£S_lntO-'contact with the germ-incrusted walls of the container. It is then churned and the butter is extracted. After the butter is extracted the mils is boiled in a large iron pot until it reuches the consistency of thick syrup. It is then poured out in a thin sheet and allowed to dry, after which it is broken Into small pieces and stored. slumps -often become m 'hard .as stone, and to eat them dry is out of the - question: The nomads solve the problem by substituting the dry milk for tsumba, soaking it In their butter tea. It thus becomes softened to some extent ami can he chewed. " /The marriage customs of the people of Tibet present a peculiar combination of monogamy, polygamy, and polyandry—the last particularly characteristic of the country, though monogamy Is actually the prevailing system.

COOK RABBIT TO resem|lefowls Those Raised Especially for Food Are More Tender Than Those Running Wild. COST OF LIVING IS REDUCED They May Be Served In Any Way Chicken Is Liked and Add Variety to Table Menu—Recipes Given Offer Suggestions. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) During—the--winter-months rabbits are on sale in many markets at a fairly reasonable price. Wild rabbits are often relished, but those especially raised for food are apt to be more tender. A rabbit which, after being skinned, drawn, und prepared for cooking, weighs 2 pounds 14 ounces will have almost the same weight of cooked meat ns a chicken similarly prepared weighing 3 pounds 15 ounces, according to Farmers' Bulletin 1090. Rabbit Itnls-

Rabblt Croquettes and Casserole Rabbit Are Delicious. . lng. Issued by the United States Department of Agriculture. A rabbit of the above weight was cooked In 1 hour 15 minutes, and the chicken in 2 hours 30 minutes, but the rabbit meat “was the more tender. The flavor arid use of rabbit is eomcarable with chicken, and the meat raoji be prepared in most of the ways

MAKE BOILEO STARCH THAT DOESN’T STICK .Good General Recipe Given for Making Cooked Material. Not Possible to Give Directions for Definite Amounts to Be Used Because Fabrics Vary—Borax Helps to Whiten. Clothes are starched to stiffen them, to give them the gloss of new material, and to make them keep clean longer. The following is a good general recipe for making cooked starch, recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture; 1 to 4 tablespoonfuls V 4 teaspoonful borstarch, according to ax. stiffness desired. H teaspoonful par--1 cupful (,% pint) cold affln or white fat water. 1 quart boiling water. Make a paste of the starch and the cold water; add the borax, the paraffin or fat, and the boiling water.. Boil the mixture, stirring It thoroughly, until it is clear, „or for about 20 minutes. Remove any scum that forms and strain the starch while hot.

The borax may be omitted, but it helps whiten the clothes and It, as well as the paraffin or the fat, makes the starch smoother in Ironing. Alum Is sometimes added (from one teaspoon to one tablespoonful to ope quart of water) and is useful in mak--fng thf-Stnrcir penetrate the fiber. It apparently thins the paste but does not decrease its stiffening property. It is impossible to give definite directions for amounts of cooked starch to betised, because all depends upon the fabric and the degree of stiffness desired. However, if_ the four table.spoonfuls of starch have been usedto the quart of water, a cupful of this may be diluted with about three quarts of water for starching such articles as petticoats and gingham dresses. Garments should be starched wrong side out and left so until they are sprinkled.— : —— T ; If many clothes ore to be starched it Is wise to keep:a part of the cooked starch hot and add it to the used starch as the latter becomes- too cool and thin. The garments that are to be stillest should, be' starched first. After thorough squeezing und dipping the surplus starch should be wrung out and the garments either rubbed or patted. Garments wrung very dry before starching will be stiffer than wetter ones. Stiff-bosomed shirts should not be starched too far down .nor plaited bosoms too stiff, else they will hiinch up in wear, look clumsy, und feel uncomfortable. If one is starched too far down the lower part may be moistened enough to render. It pliable.' A solution of borax water (about one teaspoonful of borax to „gne quart of water) may be used for stiffening very thin fnbrlcS, such as laces, voiles, oigamli.es.and dimities. It glve„ body and CrisanesS, similar to the original dressing. /. „*•

TIIE NAPPANEE ADYANTE-\EWS

In which chicken Is liked. Y,.0 recipes below offer suggestions; Baked Rabbit. 1 rabbit. 5 cups cream or • thin white sauce. ( slices bacon. ; Flour for dredging. • Skin, clean, and wash the rabbit, and split .if into two pieces, cutting along the backbone! Rub with salt and VTittle pepper, place in a roasting pan, and dredge with flour. Lay strips of bacon across the rabbit. Pour over and around it 3 cups of the white sauce or 3 cups of cream. Bake hours, Wasting frequently. Serve hot. with the cream gravy. The liver may be boiled until tender, chopped, and added to the gravy before serving. Rabbit Croquettes. IJ4 cups milk or half milk and half rabbit broth. 6 tablespoons flour. 1 teaspoon salt. 2 teaspoons butter. 1 teaspoon onion Juice or finely chopped onion. T teaspoon finely chopped green” pepper. Few grains pepper. 2 cups ground or chopped rabbit Make a white sauce of the milk, flour, butter, and seasonings. When It is thoroughly cooked remove from fire and add the ground rabbit. Cool and shape into croquettes. Roll in egg and bread crumbs and fry in deep fat or bake in a hot oven until well""browned. 1 Spiced Rabbit 1 rabbit. 6 slices bacon. 1 medium-sized onion, 2 teaspoons salt 14 teaspoon pepper; 1 tablespoon cloves. Brown sauce; 1 tablespoon sugar. 14 cup of water. i tablespoon flour. Skin, draw, and wash rabbit and cut it Into pieces. Put it Into stewpan with bacon cut into small pieces, onion cut fine, salt, pepper, and whole cloves in n bag. Cover with boiling water and cook slowly until tender. Caramelize the sugar and add water thickened with flour well blended with 2 tablespoons of water. Pour this brown sauce over the spiced rabbit and allow tlie whole to simmer 2 hours. Savory Rabbit Skin, draw, ajid wash the rabbit and cut it into pieces. Dredge with 4 tablespoons of flour, 2, teaspoons of sail. und % teaspoon of pepper. Brown in tablespooris of bacon or other fat Remove meat to stewpan and cover with boiling water, and add 1 mediumsized onion cut in small pieces and 2 bay leaves. Cook slowly until nearly tender. To the fat that was used to brown the rabbit add 2 tablespoons of flour, mix thoroughly, and add 1 cup of vinegar. Pour this sauce over the meat and simmer until it is very tender. Serve* with dumplirigs.

PIES WITHOUT SOGGY CRUST Secret of Turning Out Juicy Concoc, tion Lies in Fjrst Baking Un- ■ . acre rust Until BrownedA berry pie with an edible undercrust has always been a problem to the housekeeper, powever expert she rnay-be In her pastry cooking. Specialists in the United States Department of Agriculture say that the secret of turning out a juicy pie with a crisp undercrust, lies in baking the undercrust first until It is evenly browned. If overbaked, It will be too dark brown when cooked the second time; undercooked, it will be doughy. Th# "crust .should also be thoroughly pricked with a fork to prevent blisters. In the case of very Juicy fruits such as dewberries, the fruit should be cooked first and part of the juice removed before the thickening and sugar are added. After the fruit is put in the shell and the edge moistened, the raw top crust is added and carefully tucked in, thfe pie Is baked in the ordinary way, GOOD KITCHEN LIGHT HELPS Good Supply of Daylight and Sun Are Essential During Some Part of the Day. Are sink, stove, work table, and other .important parts of your kitchen wel 1 lighted? Every kitchen needs good artificial lighting as well as plenty of daylight and -sun during some part of the day. Dark, •glootriy kitchens may often be transformed Into cheerful work-roomg~by“cutttߧ"'afi i additional window or even by painting walls and ■woodwork a color that reflects rather -than—fiiworlrt’iteht; Reflect org'~tiPtilTitt wrilT lamps‘and 1 lights help "in throwing light where it is most needed, the United States Department of Agriculture. finds. -

jyfll Ground Sf Ac House fk - ~.

‘ltaisius are good escalloped with apples. • • • Before chopping suet, flour it thoroughly. • * • Dates should always be washed before eating,, Daintiness , and drynes* ai essentials of a perfect salad, * aV . .., — -L. lt honey is kept tightly covered and In a dark place, it will not become sugary. ' • • • Worn-out hot water bags can be eUP into rounds and used as mats under flower-pots. • • •. —The parefui housekeeper will save plumbers’ bills by thoroughly disinfecting the sink once a week.

NATIONAL PARKS There are 17 national parks in the United States. Hawaii, area 50 square miles, contains three volcanoes and a lake of blazing lava. Glacier, Montana, area 1,534 square miles, has 250 glacier-fed lakes and 00 small glaciers. Mt. McKinley, Alaska, area 1,408,000 acres, contains the loftiest mountain summit in America, 20,300 feet above sea level. Rocky Mountain, Colorado,* area 358" square miles, contains mountain peaks that reach to an altitude of 11,000 to 14,250 feet Platt (near Sulphur) in Oklahoma, area one and" one-half 1 square mlle&_ contains sulphur arid five other medicinal springs. Hot Springs, Ark., area one and one-half square miles, contains 46 hot springs. Mesa Verde, area 77 square miles, In Colorado, preserves the ruins of the cliff dwellers, and Casa Grande Ruin, Arizona, area three-fourths of a square mile', contains prehistoric Indian ruins. Wind Cave, South Dakota, area 101-3 square miles, contains one of the largest natural caverns. Sully’s Hill, North Dakota, is a wooded, hilly tract with an area of six and one fourth miles, on Devll's lake.

EVERYDAY HOKUM "Below cost." “Absolutely free.” “Easy payments.” “As good as new,” ... “Fresh every day.” . "Hand-laundered." . “Painless dentistry.” “Slightly used cars.” “Today’s weather— —” “Cheaper than paying rent." “We’d love to hear you sing.” “Five minutes to the car line.” “Two can live cheaper than one.” “We’d love to have you call again.” “I was trio young to retneriiber that.' “We’ve got something just as good.” “When in a hurry use the telephone.” “Three treatments make yon beautiful,” “Tickets bought "of speculators not accepted.’"—Chicago Herald Examiner. WORTH KNOWING Chinamen are appearing in Paris, Where they seek work as domestic servants,-, . Cobalt, one of the rarest minerals, is chiefly used in coloring glass and porcelain. Unexecuted - orders for telephone instruments, etc., It is stated, now number 21)0,600 in England. U, (lie year ending June 30 last, Great Britain built 594 vessels, United States 430 and Japan 105. Motor cars' plaocd In anew cradlelike device may'"he turned over at any angle for inspection and repair. Mall-carrying aeroplanes in this country are now fitted with asbestos -CuitmiJoers to .protect the letters from fire. ' , ■ From eight seed potatoes Mr." H. Kiel, of Lidlington, Bedfordshire', Eng., has grown 590. pounds of potatoes in one year, it Is paid.

BRIEFLY STATED When a man is a little mellow he thinks he is ripe for anything. Some people are criticized because they won’t talk apd some because they Will. *—- Many a man Invents in a gold brick under the. impression that it is a golden opportunity. A woman wouldn’t mind being poor so much if all her acquaintances were just a little poorer. Any man who thinks more of a dollar than lie does of his selfrespect is in tlie insult-proof class i

MUSIC Music requires inspiration. The sole aim of the composer should be the progress of Ills art. ' —The more truth and perfection" are ■ought after the more necessary are precision and exactness

The Poet's Business. The duty of The poet Is like unto that of the naturalist; It Is to pursue and capture those rare specimens of thought that have hitherto escaped the hunter’s net; incase In crystal-clear diction these captive beauties of nature; and offer them, ’mid the wlldflowers of their native haunts, for the admiration, reverence und love of all mankind. NAME “BAYER’ IS ON GENUINE ASPIRIN Take Tablets Without Fear, If You See the Safety "Bayer Crest." If you want the true, world-famous Aspirin, as prescribed by physicians for over twenty-one years, you must ask tor “Bayer Tablets of Aspirin." The “Bayer Cross” is stamped on each tablet and .Appears OttJiach. pack.-., age for your protection against Imitations.—Advertisement Honest Paris. A black satchel containing $55,000 in cash was found on the seat of a Paris omnibus one morning recently, writes a correspondent. It had been forgotten by a bank messenger, who was greatly relieved to find that the conductor-of the omnibus had duly delivered it to the lost property office, where It lay among umbrellas and odd gloves awaiting reclamation. Important to Mother* Examine carefully every bottle of 6ASTORIA, that famous old remedy tor Infants and children, and see that it Signatured In Use for Over 30 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher’s Castoria ji . ■ Easy to see through—the people who toake spectacles of themselves. Cutlcura Comforts Baby’s Skin When red, rough and Itching, by hot baths of Cutlcura Soap and touches of Cuticura Ointment. Also make use now and then of that exquisitely scented dusting powder, Cutlcura Talcum, one of the Indispensable Cutlcura Toilet Trio. —Advertisement. It’s queer how anxious people are to lend you money when you don’t need it Those who know a great deal can be depended on to be amiable enough to tell 1L Now is the time to do things; by and by Is the time to do nothing.

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