Nappanee Advance-News, Volume 29, Number 19, Nappanee, Elkhart County, 5 January 1922 — Page 2

Our New Balloon and Airplane Carrying Ship

This Is the steamship Wright running down the Hudson river for flnni tests, Just before being taken to the navy rnni for official transferal to the United States. The Wright was built for transport service, but was converted into a balloon ship and plane carrier. Six wells hnve been built In for the stowage and Influtlon of six kite balloons. The vessel is equipped with a hydrogen gus generating plnnt, and has complete repair plants for balloons und planes.

New York’s Business End Seen From the Air

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A striking aerial photograph of the lower end of Manhattan Island, looking northwest. In the foreground Is the Kast river- with its dozens of piers. To the west of the island is the Hudson river. In the extreme left foreground are the aquarium and Battery park with the Whitehall building beside it In the center towering above them all Is the Wool worth building. ' *

Political Foes Lunch Together

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Cordell Hull, Democratic national chairman (left) and John T. Adams, Republican national chairman, met the other day in Washington for the first time since their respective appointments, -and had luncheon together.

Beautiful View of Robert College

Robert college of Constantinople represents the best we have in “America projected" abroad and adupted to Oriental conditions. It Is strictly non•ectarmn, and opens its doors to students of any race and religion.

TAKEN FROM EXCHANGES About 11,500 enumerators were used ,o take Canada's census last June. Twenty-five million dollars a year represents the American dye Industry lu foreign markets. Ilefijamln Franklin made the first copper plates used In America for nrln'lug puper currency: •

Certain species of hnres turn white In winter time. Flower excursions are arranged by the government of Australia. Among the crews of exploring vessels of the Elizabethan age were sons of the best families of England. Henry Greene, made captain by the mutineers on Henry Hudson's ship Discovery, was killed by Indians.

ONLY WOMAN MAYOR

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Dr. Amy Knnkonen, recently elected mayor of Fairport, 0„ Is perhaps the youngest mayor, as well as the only woman mayor in the United States. She was elected on a “Dry ticket” and is pledged to wage war on all bootleggers. Dr. Kankonen, who is a petite blonde, was the youngest woman to be graduated from the woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. and during the war she was a member of the volunteer medical service corps of the United States army. ' *7”

SHE SUES BRYN MAWR

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Miss Marjorie Bnrket, former Bryn Mnwr college student, who has brought suit In n Norristown (Pa.) court to compel the college to reinstate her as a sttHwnt In full standing. Miss Barker was dismissed from the college last spring, subsequent to a aeries of petty thefts which were ascribed to her by the college authorities. B,'ie denied the charges and ftled suit

TITE NAPPANEE ADVANCE-NEWS

Where Yfttf taxes Go How Uncle Sam Spends Your Money in Conducting Your Business * By EDWARD G. LOWRY AaChor “Wuhbifton rlosc-Up*." "Hank, and Financial Svatema," etc. Contributor Political and Economic Article! to Leading Periodical! and a Writer of Recogniaed Authority on the National Government*! Buiineu Method!.

rv. WAR’S HORRIBLE WASTE Mr. It. C. Leffingwell was the assistant secretary of the treasury In chnrge of finances during the war. While he was in the treasury he became deeply impressed with the magnitude of government expedltures and. the looseness, inefficiency and wuste that are a part of government method. All the secretaries of the treasury since the outbreak of the war hnve shared this feeling of apprehension and concern with Mr. Lefflngwell. I quote here a recent utterance of his on war expenditures: “Os the $4,000,000.000., .exclusive of Interest on the public debt, spent in the fiscal year 1921, $1,101,015,013.32 was spent by the War department, $050,373,835.58 by the Navy department, $800,000,000 on the railroads, $230,000,000 by the bureau of war risk Insurance, and $357,814.85)7.01 by the Interior department, mostly, I tnke It, for Civil war and Spanish war pensions—a total of $3,080,otH),000 under these heads. “in the fiscal year if® the War department spent $1,610,000,000. and the Navy department $740,0(10,000, a total of $2,250,000,000. Secretary Mellon estimates that in the fiscal year, 1921, the War department will spend $1,025,000,000 and the Navy department $700,000,000, a total of $1.725,000,000; and that in the fiscal year, 1922, the War department will spend $570,000,000, and the Navy department $545,000,000, a total of $1,115,000,000. This makes a three-years' total of $5,190,000,000. “Germany went to war to realize on her Investment In arms and armies. The burden of universal military service, expenditures on the army and navy, suhsldies and doles, beenme Intolerable. She thought she would repeat the exploit of 1870 and make war so profitable in territory and indemnities ns to recoup herself for the outlay of MO years* preparation. The splendid resistance of the Belgians and the French and of the little British expeditionary force made the short war a futile-dream. The untrained manhood and unmortgaged resources of the Western World, of the British empire overseas, and finally of America? determined the Issue. Germany suffered economic collapse, though her armies, beaten but not routed, were still oil enemy soil.' So Germany's iiollitary preparedness was’ her cause for making war and was the cause of her defeat. In the Issue, It was economic preparedness that mattered most. “Today, men, women and little children are starving to death In Europe because of the war’s horrible waste and because of the still more horrible waste of after the war. Two years and a half after armistice, nearly two years after peace was concluded between Germany and the allies, millions of men nre under arms, eating and wearing the produce of the fields and of the labor of a civilian population which must hear the load of taxes and Inflation necessary to maintain those armies In economic Idleness. The peoples- of continental Europe are staggering under the load of armaments, far too great before the war and intolerable now. Their rulers hold themselves hi power by subsidies and doles, by playing, now on their fears, and again on their avarice, still again on nationalistic ambitions or ancient racial hatreds. The allies have undertaken to Insure Germany!* economic recovery by insisting upon her dlsanrn ument and the payment of reparations which means the development of a huge export balance; but for themselves they reserve the doubtful privllege of remaining armed to the teeth. .. “We have- demonstrated 1 our mill--(ary power. We have shown what may be done In a few short months to make an army and transport it to wage a foreign war. We have no need to he aggressors abroad, we are Invulnerable at home. Let us accept the responsibilities of the position of leadership which is ours, show the world how to beat swords Into plow-shares, relieve the peoples oflfhe world of apprehension and lend thetn back Into the ways of peace and plenty. If we prepare for war we shall have It. If we lead the world In preparation for peace we may have that.” WHAT PERSHING THINKS The appropriations of the five great powers for military and naval purposes In the year 1920 alone reached a total of $10,442,251,101,. a sum only about $2,000,000,000 more than the total for the whole fourteen years before the war! It all comes down to this so far as you are concerned: Every morning when you go to work, or when you stay at home sick on a working day, or even If you are out>of a Job, Jt has been arranged for you to pay your fair share out of what you earn or' should earn, of over $5,000,000 a day for the support of the army and navy. That is the estimate for the fiscal year 1922over $5,000,000 a day, I have General Pershing’* word for It. Youwlll have -to pay It. Five million dollars every working day la a. pile of money to

spend for insurance against attack. And of course that Is not all the cost. What Is the big Ideal What do you think about it? You will hnve to pay the bill. Do you think about It at all? General Pershing does. This is what he thinks: “As we consider the causes of the World war and comprehend Its horrors, every thinking man and woman must feel that measures should be taken to prevent another such calamity. One step in that direction would be to reduce expenditures for armament Our own estimates for naval nnd military purposes contemplate an appropriation for the fiscal year 1922 of over $5,000,000 for every working day in the year. It Is n gloomy prospect that the nations plan expenditures greater than ever before In peacetimes. “It would appear that recent experiences should be enough to convince everybody of the danger of a renewal of this competition. But one nation cannot reduce armaments unless all do. It Is time that enlightened people everywhere should undertake to reach some rational agreement which would not only relieve the world of its heavy financial burden but which in Itself would go far toward the prevention of war. We are not a warlike people. We do not wish to expand at the expense of any other nation, nnd we have no designs on anybody. If other people feel the same toward us and toward each other It seems unreasonable that they should be unwilling to consent In principle to some limitation of armaments, to be carried out when other nations succeed In establishing stable governments and are willing to recognize the wisdom of such a course. Otherwise, may we not seriously ask ourselves whether civilization Is a failure, and whether we are to regard war as an unavoidable scourge that mankind must suffer? “There are other considerations which should prompt us to make every effort to bring about a curtailment of these expenditures throughout the world, particularly In the war-worn countries of Europe. The people of Europe have always been our best customers and are largely dependent upon us for certain necessities. We njust look to tliFm to buy the products of our farms, mines and factories. The prosperity of our people depends In no smnli measure upon the uninterrupted flow of "commodities abroad. We have slocks of cotton, wheat and other products greatly in excess of our own requirements, which the people of Europe sorely need but ‘ which we cannot sell and they -cannot buy*because their fiscal systems have broken down, their currencies hnve depreciated, and their purchasing power Is exhausted. “The first step to take In the rehabilitation of the finances of all these countries Is to reduce the cost, of government so that expenses will not exceed the incomes. Expenditures must be lowered everywhere if -financial stability Is to be restored nnd If the nations are ever to pay their debts. Until, stability Is restored none can have prosperity that comes from a free and uninterrupted flow of products from one country to another. But this cannot be done if huge sums continue to be appropriated for the maintenance of large armies and large navies. “The safety of humanity In the future, indeed the peace, ths happlnesy and the prosperity of the race —all nppenl alike for an early consideration of the question of limited armaments." Broadly speaking, It Is the man who profits-, and not the ‘simple average man, who" endures, t w;ho Is .behind all J movement for ever Increasing armament. If you doubt this,‘Just go out In your own neighborhood and ask men who were actually In the war, who saw- service in -the line, whether they vvaatriiny more of it. Steel Barrets. If the statements of the makeft are welf founded, lr Is probable that steel barrels will eventually take the place of wooden ones. The steel barrel is composed of staves of that material locked together by an Ingenious device ; the hoops 'and heads are also of steel. It is claimed that the steel barrel is more durable and more compact than the wooden one. As it is said to be lighter and cheaper, It has already had favor In various quarters. Ahout 300,000,000 barrels are needed annually In normal times, to supply the demnnd In the United States. Flour mills use about 90,000,000, the sugar Industry 40.000,000, nnd the cement Industry- 75,000,000. —Christian Science Monitor. Scientific Query. When we read ab.out monkey stars getting salaries of SI,OOO a week in the movies we wonder whether evolution _is what it has been cracked up to be. And If He Had Fallen! Reaching the record height' of 33,000 feet in an airplane, a Frenchman said he seemed to be flying through -a rose-colored atmosphere when at that altitude.-

Lining and heating cars to PROTECT POTATOES IN WINTER

Falae floor stringers correctly built In box car for protection of potatoes from cold. Circulation la not blocked, aa would be the case If stringera were run across the car instead of lengthwise.

(Prepared by the United State! Department of Sericulture.) Warm air weighs less than cool air —and here lies the basic principle of properly heating box cars In winter to protect potato shipments against frosts that nip into the farmer’s profits as well as Into the potatoes. Next to providing heat, the matter of getting it to circulate so that It reaches practically all the potatoes in the car Is of greatest Importance. The directions for preparing a box car for potato shipments given herewith are In accord with recommendations of the United States Department of Agriculture, nnd apply to winter shipments of sweet potatoes destined for northern points, as well as to the white variety. Suitable Lining Is Important 1 A stove will warm enough air to protect a car of potatoes from freezing even in severe weather, providing the car lining Is built and kept In such a condition that the warm air can get down to the floor nnd sides where It Is needed. To accomplish this a complete air pnssnge must be formed entirely around the load. When potatoes are loaded in bulk, It is necessary to construct what are ill effect two bins, one on either side of the central area where the stove Is placed, if the shipment is likely to pass through severe weather. In many instances, of course, It is entirely safe to ship without artificial heat In the car. Before constructing the bins, the walls and celling of the car itself must be covered with building paper. Fob lowing this a fnlse floor is lnld on supports running lengthwise, thereijy cheating air channels four to six’ Inches deep, extending beneath the false floor from the center of the car to either end where they connect with vertical nir passages formed by false walls, built four to six Inches from the -car ends. Likewise, false walls are built, a few Inches from the sides and a fnlse door Is erected nt one side tor a stovepipe to go through. Bulkheads nre put across the car nt either side of the door to form a well -for the stove. These walls,-*as well as the center bulkheads, rise well toward the celling. The bins are lined with paper, the same ns the ear walls. The false floor supports permit the cool air to settle below the false floor and to move toward the bftlh* of the stove, where it rises ns It Is heated and circulates toward the ends of the car, between the load and the celling. A rough estimate of the lumber and paper required to line an 8 by 8% by 86-foot car, with doors 5 feet wide, la as follows f IS pieces * by 4 Inches by 14 feet. 8 pieces J by 6 Inches by 16 feet. 1.300 square feet of 1-Inch lumber, 16 feet. t,260 square feet of building paper. The 13 2-by-4’s should be sawed In half, mnfeing 26 pieces 7 feet long. Six Inches should be-sawed off the length of each of the eight 2-by-6 pieces. Enough of the 16-foot boards should be sawed into 8-foot lengths to make. a. total width of 57 feet of 8-foot boards and other of these hoards sawed Into 6-foot lengths to make a total width of 4 feet. This will leave a few 4-foot lengths. One foot should be- sawed off .the,. JcemaMUß. SSdteSL boards, leaving them 15 feet long. This lumber is all that is required by an experienced loader to completely equip a car with'*false walls and bulkheads. Detntled directions for putting up the lining, easily understood, nre contained In Fanners’ Bulletin 1091 Issued by the United State's Department of Agriculture. The shipper Is cautioned not to load potatoes so close to the celling that they block circulation. There must be a large unobstructed opening for the warm air to pass down to the floor after it has spread the length of the celling'from the heater. The circulation Is slow and labored, nnd to limit it by piling the sacks so that they extend beyond the false walls causes serious interference. In placing potatoes In sacks on the fnlse floor next to the walls care should be taken to sou thern a few Inches from these partitions, since they are In the region where the frost first becomes effective if the car is not properly heated. Lined Cars Returned to Shippers. It is recognized that preparation of the enr in the manner Indicated involves a considerable initial expense. Usually, however, shippers plan to use Doth the stpve and the lumtier for repeated shipments. In Mnlne cars are equipped substantially In the way described and used by shippers repeatedly the car* being returned to the

starting points free of charge to the shipper. The general rule west of the Mississippi is to permit the return of linings and stoves by freight free of charge. In other regions the regulnr freight rate usually Is charged. Efforts are being made to have an arrangement, similar to that existing in Maine, applicable throughout the country, and where the car lining and stove are removed it has been recommended that the railroads return them to the ship, per at one-half fourth-class rate. DISEASED CONDITION OF SEED SWEET CORN Much Damage Done by Ear Worm and- Rot Molds. Growers Urged to Exercise Greatest Care to Insure Quality of Next Year’s Supply—Test Witl| Rag-Doll^Germlnator. Because of the damage which has been done to sweet corn throughout the Middle West this season by tho ear worm, followed by root and earrot molds, corn growers nre urged by the United States Department of Agriculture to exercise every possible care to insure the quality of their seed for next year's crop. These molds hnve in many cases rendered a considerable percentage f the ears wholly unfit for any purpose. Other ears, but partly overrun with molds, are unfif for seed but Bhould be used for feed only after the moldy part of the ear is shelled off. This applies especially to the corn which has been grown for seed. In certain fields in the corn tjelt tlie damage hns been so great that the corn was rendered unfit for harvesting as seed, practically no ears being found which were not injured. These observations and reports to the department are all based on the evident and conspicuous detects that have been found in sweet corn and dent varieties. It is known, moreover, that many of the apparently good ears in these damaged fields are diseased and unless special precautions are taken, tof example testing with the rag-doll germinator, they may pass as good seed com. During the past three years it has been found that much of the sweet corn seed which has been purchased In the‘open market has been badly Infected With mold and ear-rot .organ Ipms. The quality of seed obtainable for use next spring depends, then, upon how the seed grown last yetr has been cared for, and upon tentlon given the selection of seed from this season’s crop. INCREASE OF HESSIAN FLY Parasitic Enemies and Unfavorable ' Weather Tend to Keep Pest Within Bounds. If it- were not for its parasitic ..enemies nnd unfavorable weather,, Hessian fly would increase In such vast numbers that wheat growing in this country would be practically impossible Inside of two years. The United States Department of Agriculture, as a result of--recent studies, now published in Department Bulletin 1008, Rate of Multiplication of the Hessian Fly, by W. R. McConnell, found that the Increase in breeding of the insect .was much'higher than had been before realized. The data collected afford an explanation for the very sudden development of a Hessian fly outbreak and furnish a basis for predicting more accurately the approach of a dangerous Infestation. — 9 TOO MANY POULTRY LOAFERS Best Plan to Weed Out Nonproducere and Keep Only Good Laying and Breeding Fowl!. One reason some folks complain that “chickens don’t pay” Is because they compel one or two good hens to support a dozen lazy ones. There are some deadbehts in every flock, Jnst as there are also some excellent laying and breeding hens. The thing to do is always to weed out the least desirable fowls; then keep only the best ones and keep them well —in a good house, well managed and cared for. -