Nappanee Advance-News, Volume 29, Number 38, Nappanee, Elkhart County, 18 November 1908 — Page 2

THE MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA IN THE FIELD

After Getting a Good Stand It Should Be Cultivated Care* fully—By A. M. Ten Eyck, Agronomist, Kansas. r

A good stand of alfalfa is a variable quantity as regards the number of plants per unit area, in a newly-seeded field, where plenty of seed has been sown and the conditions have been favorable to start the youqg plants, as many as 120 plants per square foot have been counted. As few as ten strong young plants per square foot, fairly evenly distributed, """May- WconsraireiT'k', fair sTSTul—nreß' enough to leave. It is questionable whether a very thick stand is as good as a thin or medium stand. Those who advocate sowing a small amount of seed claim that the thinner sown alfalfa starts stronger and will be more productive and remain a good stand longer than that which is sown thicker. One advantage perhaps of the thicker seeding on fertile land is the less coarse growth of stem, which produces a finer quality of hay than the larger, coarser growth resulting from thin seeding. Alfalfa plants gradually die out, so that a very thick stand may show a much smaller number of plants per unit area two or three years after

seeding. Some notes have been taken on this point at the Kansas experiment station. In the. spring of 1903 an area of ten feet square was staked out in an alfalfa field seeded in the fall of 1902. On June 18, 1903, 1,133 plants were counted in this plot, or an average of 11.33 plants per square foot. It will be observed that this count was made -some six months after seeding. On June 29, 1906, a recounting of this field showed only 670 plants, or 6.8 plants per square foot. On August 9, 1907, the number of plants counted was 403, or '4.03 plants per square foot. This field was plowed up in the fall of 1907. The decrease In the number of plants between the first and last countings, a period of 50 months, was 730 per 100 square feet, which is a loss of 64.4 per cent. Another plot seeded in the spring of

Crowns of Alfalfa Roots Showing Effects of Disking.

1904 contained 1,130 plants on June | 20, 1904, on an area five feet squafe, or 2. piaulu per squaw foot; -On May 1, 1905, the number of plants, in the plot had been reduced tq 403, or 16.1 plants per square foot." On May 25, 1908, the plot contained only H 8 plants, of an average of six plants per square foot. Only 13 per cent, of the plants counted in the original seeding survived four years after seeding. Although the number of plants as shown by these counts was greatly reduced, yet these fields did not decrease in production, and the stand of alfalfa was, apparently, as good as ever. This is explained in this way: As the plants 'decrease in number, those that remain increase in size, sending out more shoots or stems., thus occupying the space. In time, however, as the field grows old, the stand of alfalfa becomes too thin to produce a maximum crop, when it is usually advisable to break up the old field after seeding down anew field. It is sometimes possible and advisable to thicken up a thin stand of newly seeded alfalfa by reseeding. This may best be accomplished by harrowing early in the spring the field which was seeded the previous fall or spring, sowing a little seed, and covering it with the harrow. The earlier this work can be done the better. The difficulty in starting new plants among the older oues is that the plants which are well started will exhaust the soil moißture and plant-food and shade the younger, more feeble plants, often destroying them, especially if a period of dry, unfavorable weather should occur. - It is not advisable or practicable to

attempt to thicken up a thin stand of alfalfa on an old field,'since the younger plants, even 'if they can be stared, wil hardly survive the season in competition with the old, well-estab-lished plants. The old field whiejj has become weedy or full of grasd, had best be broken and rotated with' corn or other crops for a year or so before, reseeding. In fact, the preferable plan IS'to"seed“doWn"bthef''HeTdsrusTnf the alfalfa in rotation with corn and other crops, rather than attempt to keep the same fields in alfalfa continuously. - In the opinion of the writer threefourths of the failures to grow alfalfa successfully have been due to lack of soil cultivation and to wrong methods of preparing the seed-bed and sowing the alfalfa. The cultivation of alfalfa after the plants are well established may also benefit the crop. It pays to cultivate alfalfa just as it pays to cultivate cqrn and other crops. The next season after-seeding, a heavy straight-tooth harrow may be used in the spring to. loosen the surface soil and, as soon as the alfalfa has become well established, the field, may be

One Type of Alfalfa Harrow.

disked or cultivated with the spikoto’oth disk-harrow regularly' each spring and perhaps during the season after each cutting. By thorough cultivation late in the season, after the third or fourth cutting, it is often possible to destroy many weeds such as crab-gr.ass and foxtail, the great weed enemies of alfalfa. The same cultivations were repeated on each plot for the years 1904 and 1905. Another field was used the first season, 1903. The fields disked had been, seeded several years and the alfalfa was a good stand and in thrifty condition. Cultivation by disking has apparently not given increased yields of alfalfa on these fields. The same results may not follow under other conditions of soil and climate and sho,uld not be considered as disproving the bene-

fits, described above, which may be derived fromo cultivating alfalfa. ' i-arirlTßn r rii -1 ■■- ■ ■ : * ...... .’ - . Sunshine in the Dairy Stable. —A farmer, whose Cattle have always been kept in a stable on the north side of the barn, well lighted and ventiated, had occasion to enlarge his stable, building the extension with .a southern exposure, into which. the direct rays of the sun were permitted to enter with no obstruction. He> discovered’ by accident, what he subsequently demonstrated by repeated experience, that the same creatures Jn tlie sunlight tt>ok on flesh more readily, ate less and produced more than when kept in the stable where the direct sunlight never entered. 1 More than this, he proved conclusively that creatures suffering with various diseases, or. reduced physical condition from divers causes, recovered more readily when afforded the energizing influences of the sunshine. What Is a Paying Cow?— When H. H. Dean of Ontario found that the average cow of Ontario and Quebec only averaged about 3,000 pounds of milk a year, according to estimates of testing associations, he was led to observe: “The first thing I want to emphasize in t&e production of milk is that we must have a good cow. What is a good cow? One that will produce at least 6,000 pounds of milk, or make hot less than 250 pounds of butter, in one year, at a cost of not more than S3O for feed. ,Such a cow as that is a profitable-animal." Good Feed for Hens. —Bran, and buttermilk tea very good ration for hens particularly if thev are laying.

SET AS A WATCHMAN I * Ezekiel the Prophet Given • Solemn Warning. == —r-y>". -■ ■' —— >' BY THE "HIGHWAY AND BYWAY” PREACHER <Cop>right, 1900, bj IU Author, W.&. Bdsoji.)

, j -- - Ezekiel, the Man and His Mission.— The leading characteristic ot his stern, inflexible energy ot will and character. He was Intensely devoted to the rit£s and ceremonies of his national religion. He was no cosmopolite, but everywhere displays the peculiar tendencies of a Hebrew educated under Leviticai training. There was a strong priestly bias, and an absorbing recognition of his own high calling which -enabled him LeheerftrUy • -to endow any -privntratrrTf ■ thereby lie might give any warning or I lesson to his people whom he loved so I ardently. The writings of Ezekiel are marvelously, varied, his great atm being to stimulate-tlie dormant, minds of the Jews. For this end nothing was better suited than the use of mysterious symbols expressed in the plainest words. The superficial, volatile and willfully unbelieving would thereby be left to judicial blindness whereas the better-disposed would be awakened to a deeper research late the things of God by the very obscurity of the symbols. Scripture Authority —Ezekiel, chapter 33.

SERMONETTE. “I have set thee as a watchman . . . therefore hear the word at my mouth.” —Set as a watchman, not to guard treasures that perish,- but to guard immortal souls. Exekiel had burned into his heart and conscience the sense of his responsibility toward others. If he warned not when warning was needed the blood of that man was upon his head. Only as he spoke his message CQMId he deliver his soul and place the burden of responsibility upon the person warned. It was not a question as to whether the warning would be heeded nor as to whether ridicule and opposition and persecution would follow. Just one responsibility of watching for souls in peril and warning of the danger. The message to Ezekiel appointing him as a watchman is a message and commission to all in this day who are followers of the Lord Jesus, with this additional responsibility that whereas Ezekiel's mission was to Israel, the Christian’s field of labor is world wide, for Jesus’ last command was “Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.” But there is this additional quality which should characterize the Christian watchman,that is love. Jesus gave anew interpretation as to who was a man’s neighbor, and laid down the commandment that we should “love our neighbor as ourselves,” a commandment which was only second to the first and great commandment that we should love all the heart and all the mind and all the soul. What have we, or, rather, what should we have, in the Christian watchman? First of all, one who is conscious of the Divine call to high and great responsibility. “I have set thee a watchman.” That does not mean every Christian in genera) and no Christian in particular. No, no. It is an individual matter and God’s call comes to each individual heart. Christian, hear God speak. —; — Second, the Christian watchman should have a broadening vision of hls field of labor—-world-wide. Not that he is to train his guns on everything, and hit nothing, but that he is to have the world-wide vision while he the effective .blows in the place which he has been assigned in this world-wide work. -—- ——~ Third, as to the duty:- The Christian watchman should be instant in season and out of season, in speaking the word and in detecting the threatening perils. It is not a question: Will they hear or will they not hear? It is not for the watchman to question the attitude of those to whom he has been sent. His is to speak the word, without modification, without attempt cn his part to sugar-coat it. He who would do so compromises the truth of God and rolls upon himself a burden whose awful hideousness and .enormity only the judgment day will reveal.

THE STORY. : ° EZEKIEL had been set a hard task. Could he do it? Ever since his call to the prophetic ministry, while communing with his God by the river Chebar he had striven to be faithful, and as the successive revelations had come from God h 6 had given expression to them. He had with all the strength of hjs intense na- ' true sought to unfold the message . of, God. and by forceful phrases and striking illustrations to awaken the children of Israel throughout Babylon and them realize what sin had brought.upon them and how God

longed to have them come back to him. When first the call had cotne to him and he had returned from the river Chebar, he had eat tor seven days mute before the Jews at Telabib, refusing both food and drink, until at laat. they understood that he had seen a vision and had been sent of , God with a special message. And | from that day forth ho had been recognized as the prophet of the Most High. Then later when he had so graphically portrayed the siege and destruction of Jerusalem and broken down the one forlorn lingering hope of the captives that they would soon return to their beloved city, they accepted his message, but instead of turning to God in penitence, they gave themselves up to the allurements of the strange land in which they dwelt. ~He also “recalled the profound sensation which had been caused when he had gone forth among the people and had shaved the hair from his head and from his face and had divided it into three portions with great ceremony. Then while the curious eyes of the multitudes beheld, he burned a third part, a third part he smote with his knife and cut into many fine pieces, and the remaining portion he had scattered into the winds, and they had been wafted hither and thither. Then he had stooped and picked up a few of the hairs which had fallen near him and had folded them in a portion of his garment, which he tore from him and cast into the fire so that it was consumed. And having done all this, he declared unto the people the meaning of it all, saying that thus would God do with his people who had sinned. And they had believed he had been sent from God and mar- J veled at his message and its graphic portrayal, and had turned themselves again to their eating and their drinking and their life amidst the people among whom they had come to dwell. And Ezekiel had been discouraged and had questioned in his heart what good his words and actions had accomplished. in this spirit he had gone among the people seeking for such as would favorably hear his message, and refraining to speak where he felt there would only be opposition and rejectment of the message. It was at such a time as this that God had sought him out and he sat alone on the banks of the Chebar, where he was wont to go for meditation and prayer. It was here that God had spoken to him before, and it was here that God appeared to him and communed with him. And with what condemning force the word had come. The words echoed and reechoed like an accusing voice through his heart. “Son of man,” came the message, “when I bring the sword upon a land, if the people of the land take a man of their coasts, and set him for their watchman; if when he seeth the sword come upon the land, he blow the trumpet and warn the people; then whosoever heareth the sound of the trumpet, and taketh not warning; if the sword come, and take him away, his blood shall be upon his own head. He heard the sound of the trumpet, and took not warning; his blood shall be upon him. But he that taketh warning shall deliver his soul. But if the watchman See the sword come, and blow not the trumpet, and the people be not warned; if the sword come, and take any person from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at the watchman's hand. So thou, O son of man, I have set thee a watchman unto the house of Israel; therefore thou shalt hear the word at my mouth, and warn them from me.” With a great cry of remorse and anguish Ezekiel had fallen to the ground. What kind of a messenger had he been? How faithful had he been in warning of the peril as God had revealed it to him? What right had he to question whether the people would hear and heed or would turn from his message with indifference? He was not set as a recorder making up the books of God. His was not the task of seeking out those who would receive his message kindly, and turning with impatient heart from ’ those who refused to listen. He was a watchman set to blow the trumpet. He must send forth the blast. His was not to question where, or why, or how, or to seek for an accurate accounting of results. “Blow, watchman, blow,” Ezekiel cried under his breath as the new consciousness of his responsibility burst upon him. “I will!” he exclaimed, as he started forth. "It is a hard task, indeed,” he cried, as he pressed on his way. “But I will be a faithful watchman.” "No one knew what that resolution cost him. Not cost him-to make, but cost him to live oat faithfully in his life, for the resolution made is only the first step in ; the conflict; It is only buckling on the armor and taking the swert’d in hand. The fighting comes after. But he who resolves with God is doubly sure of Victory, for he knoweth the righteousness of the cause in which he fights, and knoweth also that he fights not alone. And what though the fetters were riveted upon, his arms; what though vituperation-and violence often met his word at protest and warning ; against the wickedness of Israel, Eze- ; kiel would say over and over to himself: ! “Set as a watchman to blow the trumpet. .It is for me to blow, come what will. I will Blow.” '~~— Seek New Fuel. i The Automobile club of France has j offered a prize of $9,000 for anew fuel, which must be cheaper than gasoline and give as good results.

IMIS FOUR MEN BLOODY WORK BY A NEGRO IN OKMULGEE, OKLA. A HE IS THEN SLAIN BY MOB V Sheriff and Police Official Among His Victims—Quiet Restored When Governor Prepares to Send Troops. Okmulgee, Okla.—Five persons were killed and ten others wounded Sunday afternoon in a fight between Jim Deckard, a negro desperado, and law officers. —~ The dead: Edgar Robinson, sheriff of Okmulgee county; Henry Klaber, assistant chief of police of Okmulgee; two negroes named Chapman, brothers; Jim Deckard, negro. The disturbances began at the St. Louis & San Francisco railroad station where Jim Deckard engaged in a fight with an Indian boy, Steve Grayson, and beat him into insensibility with a rock. Friends of Grayson notified the police and when Policeman Klaber went to the station Deckard fled to his house naarby, barricaded himself in and when Klaber approached Deckard shot and instantly killed him. Sheriff Robinson gathered a posse in a few minutes and hurried to the scene. Part of this posse was made up of a group of negroes, whom the sheriff commissioned as deputies. As the posse approached the house Deckard opened fire with a rifle, firing as rapidly as he could load his weapon. The sheriff fell first, instantly killed. Then two of the negro deputies were slain. v ._ ' Deckard's house was soon surrounded by a frenzied mob of armed men. Fire was set to a house just north of Deckard’s. Volleys were poured into Deckard’s house and he was shot down. He was seen to roll over on the floor, strike a match and set fire to his own house, which was soon a roaring furnace in which his body was baked. Gov. Haskell at Guthrie was notified of the battle and of the bad feeling between whites and negroes that had grown out of it and threatened a race riot. The governor at once ordered the militia company at Muskogee to prepare to go to Okmulgee and a special train was made ready to carry the troops, the governor, remaining at his office to keep inftouch with the situation. News of the preparation to send militia here had a good effect on the disorderly element of both races, and at seven o’clock Sunday night the crowd had dispersed and further trouble was not expected. HAAS KILLS HIMSELF IN JAIL. it • Man Who Shot Francis J. Heney Commits Suicide. San Francisco. —Morris Haas, who shot Francis J. Heney, shot and killed himself in his cell in the county jail Saturday night. Haas was in his cell at the county jail with his guard. He retired to bed early, pulling the blanket over his head. A moment afterward the guard was surprised to hear a muffled report of the pistol under the blankets. They stripped off the covering and found Haas dying with a bullet hole through his head and blood flowing from the wound. Investigation showed that Haas had cunningly hidden a small, one-shot deringer in the back of his shoe, where it escaped the notice of his guards. DOWAGER EMPRESS IS DEAD. Prince Pu-Yi Is Placed on the Throne ——of China. Peking.—Tsze Hsi An, the dowager empress of China, the autocratic head of the government, which she had directed without successful interference since! 1861, and without protest since 1881, died at two o’clock Sunday afternoon. The announcement of the dowager empress’ death was official and followed closely upon the announcement that Kuang-Hsu, the emperor, had died Saturday at five o’clock in the afternoon. An edict issued at eight o’clock Sunday morning placed upon-the-throne Prince Pu-Yi, the three-year-old son of Prince Chun, the regent of the empire. Special Session for Tariff. Washington.—That a special session of the Sixty-first congress will be called- soon after the' fourth of March to take up the matter of tariff revision became known positively Sunday, when William H. Taft, president elect, after spending a day at the Wliite House as a guest of President Roosevelt, stated that he intended to call a special session to meet as soon after his inaguration as would be reasonable. Judge Taft left at 7:05 o’clock Sunday night for Cincinnati, where he had been summoned on matters of family importance. w . \ . i ■—... . ‘I. . South Bend Post Office Robbed. South Bend, Ind. —Burglars Saturday night plundered the South Bend post office of $18,653 in stamps and made such a successful escape that post office inspectors and policemen are without a clew on which to conduct their search for the thieves. No Engagement Says Elkins. " Washington.—Senator Elkina Sun- ■ day night made the emphatic announcement that no engagement exists between his daughter, Miss Cfftherln* Elkins and the Duke d’ Abruzzi.

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