Nappanee Advance-News, Volume 29, Number 28, Nappanee, Elkhart County, 9 September 1908 — Page 7

TAsrwmm a*® OF MIIK i SdMMBPVILLtW^ 1 . ' > y " /A' TT^ir

In the early sixties of last century, while studying diseases of wine, Pasteur discovered that it was sufficient to heat wine for a few seconds at a temperature of 50 degrees to 60 degrees C, in order to prevent souring. Later he found that beer could be likewise preserved by heating to 50 degrees to 55 degrees C. The application of this process to various articles of food gave rise to the term “pasteurization." Pasteurisation of milk consists in heating it for a short time at a temperature below the boiling point, and then rapidly chilling it. The object in heating is the destruction of diseaserproducing germs, and if the milk were allowed to cool slowly it would remain for a comparatively long time at 20 degrees to 37degrees C., the best temperature for the development of such bacteria and their poisonous products. Various temperatures and times have been recommended for Pasteurization, ranging from 50 degrees to 9§, degrees 0., and from a few seconds to two hours. The term “pasteurized" is accordingly indefinite, and should be replaced in commerce by a plain Label indicating the temperature, the time and the date of heating. The two dominant factors that appear to control the temperature and time of pasteurization are the thermal death points oj£ patho % genic bacteria and the thermal death points of milk ferments. The bacteria should be filled and the ferments should remain unaffected. It may be here noted that considerable experimental difficulties surround the determination of the thermal death points of both bacteria and ferments, and that concerning the function of milk ferments nothing is definitely known. Pasteurized milk, then, merely means heated milk, and is not at all synonymous with clean milk, pure milk or good milk. Pasteurization cannot atone for filth, and cannot preserve the best milk fob*"; any considerable length of time. Pasteurization is practised on a large scale in the creameries of Europe and America. In penmark and Germany it is much in evidence, and it is estimated that 25 per cent, of the total daily milk supplied to the city of New York is pasteurized. In Denmark, three different modifications of the process are in operation: (1) Heating for times varying from 15 minutes to one hour at 85 degrees C. while the milk flows through an appropriate • pasteurizing apparatus, after which it is immediately cooled; (2) heating for a longer time in sterilized vessels at 65 degrees to 80 degrees C., when the vessels are sealed and quickly cooled; (3) heating from one-quarter hour to one hour at ,65 degrees C. in a tank, after which the milk passes through a cooler into the vessel from which it is sold. A la/ge. number of machines have been constructed for the quick pasteurization, of milk. In some" the milk is placed in * copper tank provided with an insulated steam jacket. The tank contains rotating, arms by which the milk is thrown against the heated walls. The milk enters at the bottom and ieaves at the top. By regulating the quantity of milk admitted, the rapidity of the revolving arms .and the amount Os steam, the milk may be heated as desired. Whatever apparatus be used, -it should be under the constant observation of a reliable superintendent, easy to clean, and so constructed 1 that the entire quantity of milk, including the froth, can be •equally heated to the desired temperature. The thermometer attached should be specially tested. • From the pasteurizer the milk immediately passes to a cooler, which reduces the temperature as rapidly and as much ~ , ¥■ as possible. Milk presents the strange contrast of being the most wholesome of all foodstuffs, and at times one of the most poisonous. It is the most difficult of all foods to preserve and handle in a pure state, in that, it is an ideal medium for the cultivation of all classes'of bacteria. The average milk supplied to large cities is not a safe food. This is due to the ignorance and indifference of those engaged in the dairy business, to the unclean and unhealthy ‘'cows used for producing milk, to its insufficient cooling, to long transportation, to unnecessary and frequent handling,' to lack of proper cleansing and sterilization o| containing vessels and to its frequent: association with infectious disease. Bacteria enter milk immediately it ii

exposed to the atmosphere. At the time of milking this exposure is greatest. While perhaps It is impossible to avoid wholly the Introduction of bacteria during milking, if proper precautions be taken the number introduced may be relatively small. Baer teria reach the milk from the teat, udder and body of the cow, from the hands, body and clothing of the milker, with the dust from the atmosphere, from particles of excrement or litter which enter the pail and from the pail itself. The action of these bacteria may be considered broadly as of three types: (1) The large group of so-called lactic bacteria produces lactic acid from milk sugar, which acid precipitates the principal protein of milk, causing the well-known curdling or souring. This always occurs when milk is exposed to the air and kept at a temperature above ten degrees C. These organisms as a group are harmless, as are also the products of their growth. They, moreover, render good service by inhibiting or crowding out the very harmful putrefactive bacteria which so frequently reach milk from excreta. These non-sporing organisms are killed by most methods of pasteurization, while the sporing putrefactive organisms are. not killed by any method. It is obvious, therefore, that a pasteurized milk containing putrefactive bacteria such as the B. aerogenes capsulatus or the B. putrificus of Bienstock, is in a much less protected condition than raw milk. (2) Another group of organisms produce butyric fermentation, also an acid change. These grow best at a temperature approaching that of the human body, and produce spores which resist the temperature of boiling water for some time. The products of their growth produce serious disturbance in the intestinal tract of man, more especially .of children. The spores of the germs of butyric fermentation are not killed by pasteurization. (3) Several micro-organisms, including the two mentioned in (1), produce putrefactive fermentations — alkaline changes which proceed in milk without indications visible to the naked eye. These spore-bearing organisms are not destroyed by pasteurization. Too frequently milk comes in contact with organisms of specific disease, e. g:, tuberculosis, typhefid fever, diphtheria, etc. Pasteurization for 20 minutes at 60 degrees to 65 degrees C. according to Rosenau, or 70 degrees to 80 degrees C. for a shorter period according to Jensen, will effectually destroy all such organisms..* - The length of time during which milk will keep—that is, the length of time which must elapse before sufficient numbers of bacteria develop to produee perceptible changes 'in it—is a function of two factors, temperature and the initial number of bacteria present. Under ordinarily favorable • eondiUoas, the.-nutnber-.0f,. .bacteria- in milk freshly drawn from a healthy cow will vary between_sOo. and-20,000 per cubic centimeter. Milk can be produced by commercial methods Which will contain-less than 5,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter. On the other hand, carelessly produced, the number may reach 500,000,000. Since most consumers consider pasteurized milk as safe, it should be required, if the process be used, that it be heated to a sufficiently high temperature to kill with certainty all disease-pro-ducing germs. Pasteurization certainly necessitates a better mode of delivery of milk, but at best it is an expedient rather than an ideal method of dealing with milk. No trustworthy conclusions can be drawn concerning the - effectiveness of pasteurization - ' from the bacterial content of pasteup ized milk sold in the retail market, as one does not know the nature Os the milk before pasteurization, how long' it has been kept, or the temperature at which it has been kept; and in this connection it must, ever, be remembered that toxic products unaffected by heat are constantly being produced in milk. We have no ffiethod of determining whether or- not pasteurized milk was damaged before it was heated. whereas the keeping quality and bacterial content pf raw milk furnish good evidence of its rfeal condition. Stock Needs Exercise. —All kinds of growing stock should have plenty of exercise. Animal growth cannot ba made successfully unless every muscle has had an opportunity to be brought into use.

A VISION OF PEACE Story of Mic&h the Prophet. BY IHE "HIGHWAY AND BYWAY” PREACHER (Copyright IMt, by (he Author, W. tt. UUson.) Scripture Authority—Book of Mlcah, especialfy 4:1-4. Mlcah the Prophet.—Full name Mlcalah, meaning: “Who Is like Jehovah.” Parentage and tribe of prophet unknown. He Is distinguished from Mlcalah, son of Imlah, the contemporary of Elijah, by being designated as the Morasthlte, that is, one whose home w-as at Moresheth, a place west of Jerusalem near thef Philistine borderland. As the opening words of the prophecy declare he prophesied during reigns of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, so was & contemporary of Hosea and Amos In Israel and Isaiah In Judah. There is a tradition that for rebuking Jehoram for his Impieties Micah was thrown from a precipice and buried at Morathl. Omitting the superscription, the prophecy falls Into three natural divisions, each beginning with the words: "hear ye,” and each beginning with rebukes and ‘•threatenlngs and ending with a promise. The first section—chapters 1 and 2—opens with a magnificent description of Jehovah come to Judgment for sins and Idolatry of Israel and Judah. The second sectionchapters 3 to s—is addressed especially to the princes and heads of the people. The predictions of this section form a climax to the book, Ewald arranging them In spur strophes as follows: 4:1-8; 4:9-5:2; 5:3-9, and 6:10-15. The last section—chapters 6 and 7—is a bold poetical figure representing Jehovah as holding a controversy with his people. The dialogue form of chapter 6 renders the pictura-vary-dramatic-and sinking, and the whole concludes with a triumphal song af Joy at the great deliverance Jehovah will achieve. The last verse was quoted by Zacharias in his song, Luke 1:72; 73. . ’ 1 00000000000000000000000000 I SERMON ETTE. 2 Universal peace shall prevail 2 some day. This is God’s word. 9 Micah the prophet believed It 6 In his day nearly 3,000 years ago 9 when God gave him the marvel* 6 ous vision of a world-wide peace, 9 and how much more ought we 0 to believe it in this, day, when there is a rising tide of senti- <5 ment in every corner of the 2 globe in favor of universal peace, o when great national and inter- 9 national congresses are being 0 held for the sole object of work- 2 ing it out in a practical way by 0 I means of arbitration agreements, A and the curtailment and even 9 abandonment of national arma- o ments. 9 But in spite of the waste' of 6 billions of doliars’ worth of 9 treasure, in spite of the feverish p anxiety of nation to arm against 9 nation, the time is surely com- 2 ing when navies and battle air- 9 ships—if they are perfected be- 6 fore that time—and-all the par- 9 aphernalia of war, will be put 6 upon the scrap heap. 9 Then the nations shall not learn 6 war any more. Human skill and 9 learning which are now being p turned to the perfection-of war 9 equipment will then be diverted 6 into channels through which 2 shall flow rivers of blessing to 6 all the nations. 2 Just think of the vast ener- 9 gics which are now being ex- 2 pended in the maintenance and 9 perfection of military equip- 2 ment, and just think what it 9 would mean for world better- p ment if all this vast energy was 9 turned to the perfecting of the 2 arts of peace. 9 „T It is coming, because God hath 2 declared it! 9 But how? Not by the strength 2 I of man’s argument. Human 9 reasoning can never subdue the 2 spirit of the nations, and make 9 of one brotherhood all the peo- 2 pies of the earth. 2 But God can. And more and 6 a more as man comes to let God 2 9 rule over him and the kingdoni o 2 of heaven is spread throughout 2 9 the earth by just so much will o. 2 the 5 day of universal peace be 2 9 brought nearer. When “God 0 2 shsii judge among many pet* 2 9 pie, and rebuke strong nations 6 6 afar off” —that is, when the na- p 9 tions and peoples of the earth 0 6 learn to hear and obey God’s 2 2 voice—then shall peace roll over 9 o the earth like a flood and swords 2 2 will be beaten into plowshares, 9 o and spears into pruning hooks. 2 Jij God hasten the day. 9 THE STORY. THE heavenward look is the only cure for pessimism. Hopeless are human conditions, useless are human struggles, when God is counted out of the reckoning. A few years ago a worker in the slums of New York took her own life because the struggle against tho conditions of poverty and crime seemed so utterly hopeless and vain. She- needed the heavenward look to dispel the darkness and give her a iftsion of hope. *So do we all. Micah had passed through Jerusalem that day, and as he had journeyed be had spoken God’s message to the people —warning, pleading, threatening. And now in solitude alone with the evening shadows closing in around him he sat without the city’s gate deep in thought. And there was much for him to think about, as there is always for throne who observes keenly and feels deeply. There was the message GOd had given him for his people. There were the sights slid sounds he had witnessed that day and all the days before since he was old enough to remember. There were the dangers he

knew were threatening the nation from without. And thought of all these things surged through his soul like a flood that night, and drove him to the verge of despondency. Faithfully and earnestly he had delivered his message. It had come to him from God and he had spoken It with tbe confident assurance that fepoken faithfully it would accomplish .that whereunto God had sent it. He recalled the time when the spirit of God first came upon him and how it seemed as though his .heart would burst with its message, and he had gone out in boldness and proclaimed the word from one end of the land to another. "Hear, all ye people,” he had cried; “hearken, O earth, and all that therein Is: and let the Lord God be witness against you, the Lord frm his holy temple. For, behold, the Lord cometh forl,h out of his place, and will come down, and tread upon the high places of the earth.”, * As he had spoken his message of pleading and warning, and threatening, it had seemed to him as though he could even then feel the tread of the Almighty's footsteps as he passed through the land. “He shall tread upon the high places.” How could the king in his place keep from trembling? Didn’t he know that his throne would totter under the tread of that mighty footfall? But the king had gone on his way of pleasure and sjn as before. The people had continued to follow the strange gods of the people about, and were content to live in the conditions into which sin had cast them. So great, in fact, was their need that they knew no need. And Micah had marveled. It was the first severe testing of the prophet’s faith, and in the seclusion of the mountain fastnesses whither he betook himself he had learned his lesson and had come to know that it was for him to speak the,word as God gave It to him, and not for him to become the time keeper upon the movements of the Almighty. v - “But God shall tread upofa the high places. The mountains shall be molten Under him* and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire and as the waters that are poured down a steep place,” he had exclaimed over and over again to himself, as thoqgh be would nerve his fainting heart and strengthen a weakening faith. And so he had gone on in his lonely mission, How much alone he felt only the servant of the Lord who is faithful in his ministry can understand, for he who walks with God wholly lives a separated life, And that evening as •he sat there outside of Jerusalem’s gate the memory of all this came back to him with peculiar vividness and force, so much so, in fact, that he felt utterly disconsolate and wretched. “What is there to show for all this preaching of £he word? It is as though one had talked to the wind. The people's hearts are as hard as that stone yonder,” and with a vehemence that startled the prophet himself. he gave it a push that sent it rolling down the rocky hillside into the brook Kedron below. As it touched the bottom there came echoing back to him the reverberating solids of its impact with the rocky ground. "Hard! Yea, indeed. But the hearts of this rebellious people shall be broken even as that stone hath crashed to its destruction. And the nations about will be the instruments' in God’s hands of doing this thing. Ah, how they wax fat on the spoils of battle. Nation lifts up sword against nation, and the one rises upon the decaying heaps of the enemy’s dead." And in vision there passed before him the bloody horrors of battle as even he in his short life had witnessed it. He remembered the coming of the hordes of the Assyrians. He witnessed their devastating work. In tbe anguish of his soul he cried out at last: • ■ “Oh, God, shall it always be so? Will there.be no end to the wars that give one nation power over another? Will the spirit of conquest continue ever to, -Might-ihS, 4ah<i3” -L—-A.,; The voice floated out upon the silence of the evening darkness. and it semed to the prophet as -though his spirit followed the ascending echoes of the sound as they-sped up and ever upward. It seemed to him he must seek the very presence of God for answer, for he alone could answer. Suddenly the darkness seemed to flee away, and turning to seek the reason for the change he saw away off in the distance a resplendent city. "This can be nothing but the city of God,” he whispered to himself. Then as he looked he beheld what seemed all the nations of the earth marching towards the city, while they raised their voices In one mighty chorus, saying: “Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, and to the house of tbe God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways.” -'And from out the resplendent city there came the response: “Nation lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” The vision faded, the voices ceased; Micah was again alone with his thoughts. “But God hath been here,” he exclaimed, fervently, “and the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken." “ Species New to Civilization. In the wild the London zoological gardens the first kiang ever bred there has been born. The is the largest species of wild as3°*in existence, and is a native of Thibet and Mongolia.

BEGAN LIFE WORK EARLY. ————— f Harriet Hosmer a Sculptor Even In Her Childhood Days. An old school fj-iend of the late Harriet Hosmer, tHe sculptress, haa recently rfelated some interesting anecdotes of her childhood. Her first modeling, it appears, came about, through a blue-berrying expedition. “Hattie,” as she was always called, had gone to the berry pasture with her foster brother Alfred. “They had tramped farther than usual, when all of a sudden Hattie stumbled upon a big clay bank. It was just as if she’d been lQoking for It all her life. Out went all th 6 berries -from her nearly full pail, and into the pail went big double hanufuls of the soft clay. “Then she fairly rushed home, sat on the back doorstep, and there modeled her first figure, a representation of the little, shaggy yellow dog who was at that time her chiefest treasure. After that she never forgot the clay bank. “Why, when she was at boardiifgschool with the rest of us, she made casts of all our hands, and they were beautiful. She did one of Mrs. Sedgwick's, I know—'she was our head mistress —and I rethember that Mrs. Sedgwick said it was ‘truly exquisite,’ and wound it all over with the soft smooth silver paper she used for her finest laces.” In a day when the athletic, outdoor girl was yet unknown, Harriet Hosmer, against all convention, at the imperative cali of a free nature, rode, swam, paddled, hunted, fished, climbed, tramped, and studied nature—-to the horror and dismay of the excellent housewives of her town. . • ■ , ~A“You should have seen her collections," said her old friend. - "She had bugs and beetles, squirrels, rabbits and birds, and even an old fat woodchuck that she had shot and wounded herself. We girls could never see how she, could do it—the things are so—so smelly—-and unpleasant.” Even when her study of her art had taken her to Rome, among fellow artists and great folk who praised her and made much of her, she yet kept one relic of these happy days, oddly tucked in amid the clay and tools and glistening marbles of her studio. It was an old, dilapidated crow’s nest, the prize of a daring climb, reduced to decorous service as a darning basket. —Youth’s Companion. t Right and Left-Handeness. Dr. H. C. Stevens of Seattle reports recent experiments which show that objects seen by indirect vision ordinarily appear larger in the right half of the field of vision than in the left. With a smaller number of persons this is reversed. From these facts he deduces a possible origin of right and left-handedness. Right-handedness, or its reverse, develops at about, the age of seven months. Dr. Stevens suggests that they may be due to the phenomena of vision just described. By, a reflex effect tfyb infant reaches after the objects best seen with the arm nearest to them. Profusion of Pictures. Fifteen thousand pictures are now on exhibition in the tw r o great salons in Paris. These represent about three acres of canvas. The total length of tfie pictures without their frames wosld be nearly ten miles. Reckoning one minute to look at every picture, and without taking any rest by day or night, it would take ten days and ten hours to see every picture in the two salons. New York's Large Import Trade. Records of the treasury department show that the port of New York during the fiscal year 19Q7-'OB has a larger bajance of trade in its favor than ever before. For the entire United States the balance is $666,457,103, which exceeds by $2,000,000 the largest year before, which was 1900-’Ol. Not a Wiser Generation. Bill —I see the Hatmaker says that heads are increasing in size. J ill—Getting fatter, that’s all! — Yonkers Statesman. VHE MARKETS. • Now York, Sept. 6. I.IVE STOCK-Steers $4 75 f 7 50 {logs 6 80 @ 7 00 Shot p 2 50 & 4 50 -•’LOUR—Winter Straights.. 400 @ 415 WHEAT—{September 1 oo%@ 1 06% December 1 06%@ 1 OSH JOHN—December ............ 7714® 77% IY'E—No. 2 Western ........ 84 @ 84% RUTTER—Creamery 15 @ 24. EGGS 19%@ 30 CHEESE ...' 9%@ 13% CHICAGO. CATTLE—Prime Steers" .... $8 75 W 785“ Fair to Good Steers...... 600 @ 675 Yearlings, Plain to Fancy 4 50 @7 50 Plain to Fancy Heifers.. 425 @6 25 Calves 4 50 @8 00 HOGS—Heavy Packers .... £ 40 @ 875 Mixed Butchers 1.....'* 75 @6 90 Pigs , 4 25 @ 6 00 BUTTER—Creamery 19 @ 25 Dairy 16%<§> 19 LIVE POULTRY . 14 i EGGS*..., ~ 13%@ -6 i POTATOES (per bu.), New. 63 @ 70 I FLOUR- Spring Wheat, Sp'l 620 @ 6 50 GRAlN—Wheat, September. 97%@ 98% December .. 9 ............... 97%@ 98% Corn, September 79%@ 79% Oats, September ......... 59 @ 50% Rye, No. 2 .v. 69 @ 71 MILWAUKEE. ! GRAlN—Wheat, No. 1 Nor’n $1 09 @ 1 10 December 95%@ 97% Corn, December 67%@ 67% Oats, Standard ’..... 51 @ 51% Rye* No. 1 76 @ 76% jvANSAS CITY. GRAlN—Wheat, 'September. $ 90%@ 91 December 90%@ 91% ' Corn, September ....... 69%@ .71%' i Oats,' No. 2 White 49 @ 51 T t ■■ "T .' "’ st locis. CATTLE—Beef Steers $4 00 @ 7 50 . Texas Steers 280 fg 525 HOGS-Paekers ........ .t.... 6 25 @ 6 9o i Butchers ....- 6 75 (it 7 JO • SHEEP—Natives ..3 00 @4 25 OMAHA. CATTLE—Native Steers $4 00 @ 7 25 ' Stockers and Feeders.... 275 @4 50 Cows and Heifers ........ 30Q @ 4 25 HOGS-Heavy 6 40 @6 60 SHEEP—Wethers 3 60 @ 4 10

AND BHE LEFT HIM GUESBINQ. Woman’s Directions of Little Help to Traveling Lawyer. ■ A New York lawyer was called recently to a hamlet in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in the interest of a large coal corporation, and now he Is telling this story on himself: He was driving along a country road and feared he "might have lost his bearings. The village he wanted to reach seemed elusive, so he halted in front of a farmhouse to make in* quiries. “Madam,” he called out to a broad German woman, who stood looking at him from beneath a “poke" bonnet, Venn you tell me how far it Is to the next village?” . “Oh, yust a leedle vays,” came the response. “But, my good woman, how far is It? Is it two, four, six or eight miles? That’s what I want to know." “Yah, I tlnks so." And the Wall street lawyer drove .• on a wiser man. AUTOMOBILE SHOP TALK.

“Tr* “ ' " bh

"What was your record across Jersey?” "One country constable and a cow.” No Automobiles There.. “There are no automobiles on the golden streets of heaven,” says the Whitsett Courier, "but they're giving lots of folks a chance to walk those golden streets. One of the contraptions arrived in town last week and during the first spin the owner took in it it pitched a blind mule on top of the town hall, with the man that was rldln’ the mule. The mule was so mad It kicked the town clock to pieces, likewise kickin’ a hole in the roof an’ failin' on the mayor, just as he had took his seat an’ called council to order, Having landed in the midst o f them, the mule walked slow and dignified to the front door an’ then took to the woods.” Boy Grades the Clergy. Bishop Potter, at an ecclesiastical dinner in New York, read a Cooperstown schoolboy's essay on “Clergymen.” The essay, which created much amusement, was as follows: ; “There are 2 kinds of clergymen Bishups recters and curats. the bishups tejls the recters to work and the curats have to do it. A curat is a thin msrffed'lßan but when he is a he gets fuller and can preach longer sermons and becurns ,a good man.” — Washington Star. y" No Genius. "He is very clever, but evidently far from a real genius.” “What makes you think so?” "Why, he is fairly punctual about keeping liis appointments.” Lewis’ Single Binder cigar—richest, most satisfying smoke on the market. Your dealer or Lewis’ Factory, Peoria. 111. Pretty teeth are responsible for a good many smiles. Mr*. WlMfciw'i 9<*othln* Syrup. Pw children teething, softens the gums, reduces InflemrneUon, p*i, cures wind colic. 25c a bottle. The man who pays his debts is true to his trust. _

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