Marshall County Independent, Volume 7, Number 1, Plymouth, Marshall County, 14 December 1900 — Page 3

MESSAGE

Annual Address to the National Congress.

Considerable Portion of the Document Is Devoted to Chinese Affairs.

ALSO DISCUSSES

Congress Is Urged ts Pass the Ship Subsidy Measure and the Army Bill and Attention Is Called to the Necessity of a Cable to Hawaii Reduction of Revenue Asked.

The president's annual message to congress is in part as follows: To the Senate and House of Representatives: At the outgoing' of the old and tke incoming: of the new century you begin the last session of the fifty-sixth conreas with evidences on every hand of individual and national prosperity and with proof of the crowing strength and Increasing power for pood of republican Institutions. Your countrymen will Join with you in felicitation that American liberty is more firmly established than -ver before, and that !ove for it and the determination to preserve it are more universal than ut any former perkxl of ur history. The republic was never so strong:, because never so stmngly intrenched in the learts of the pt ople as now. The Constitution, with few amendments, exists us It k-ft the hands of its authors. The additions which have beeu made to it proclaim larger freedom and more extended citizenship. Popular government has demonstrated in its 114 years of trial hre its stability and security, and its efliciency as the best instrument of national development and thw beat safeguard to human rights. When the sixth conpres? assembled, in November. 1H the population! of the United States was .".S0S.4S3. It is now 76,3Ö4.?.. Then we had sixteen states. Now we have forty-five. Then our territory consisted of fcOtuu square miles. It is now 3,&4:.K3 snuare miles. Education, re ligion and morality have kept pace witn our advancement in other directions, and while extending its power the government has adhered to its foundation principles and abated none of them in dealing with our new peonies and possessions. A nation so preserved and blessed gives reverent thanks to God and invokes His guidance and the continuance of Iiis care nd favor. HIN A ((MÜS i I K.ST. Tb Horror of tlie I'ekiu Mrge a nd the Timely Kcscue. In our foreign intercourse the dominant question has been the treatment of the Chinese problem. Apart from this our relations with the powers have been happy. ORIGIN OF CIIINESK TROUBLES. The recent troubles in China spring from the anti-foreign agitation which for the past three years has gained strength In the northern provinces. Their origin lies deep in tne character of the Chinese races and in the traditions of their government. Tne Taipmg rebellion and the opening of Chinese ports to foreign trade ad settlement disturbed alike the hon neity and the seclusion of China. Meanwbile foreign activity made itself felt in all quarters, not alone on the coast, but along the great river arterites and in the remoter districts, carrying new ideas and introducing new associations among a primitive in-ople which had yursued for ctnturies a national polity of isolation. The telegraph and railway spreading over their land, the steamers plying on their waterways, the merchant and the missionary ieiietrating year by year farther to the interior, became to the Chinese mind pfpes of an alien invasion, changing the course of their national life and fraught with vague forebodings of disaster to their beliefs and their selfcontrol. For several years before the present troubles all the resources of foreign diplomacy, backed by moral demonstrations of the physical force of fleets aud arms, have been needed to secure due respect for the treaty rights of foreigners and to obtain satisfaction from the reitponsible authorities for the sporadic outrages upon the persons and property of unoffending sojourners, which from time to time occurred at widely separated points in the northern provinces, as in fbe rase of the outbreaks in isze-Chuen and Shantung. i'osting of anti-foreign placards became s. daily occurrence, which the repeated reprobation of the imtw-rial power failel to check or punish. These lntlammatory tfLeals to the ignorance and superstition of the masses, mendacious and absurd in th tr accusations and deeply hostile in their spirit, could not but work cumulative harm. They aimed at no particular class of foreigners: they wore Impartial in attacking everything forttgh. .ML'HDKRS OF MISSIONARIES. An outbreak in Shantung, in which German missionaries were fclain, was the loo natural result of these malevolent teaching. The posting of seditious placards, exhorting to the utter destruction of foreigners and of every foreign thin", continued unrebuked. Ilosiiie demonstrations toward the stranger gained strength by organization. The sect commonly styled the Iloxers developed greatly in the provinces north of the Yang-Tse, and with the collusion of many notable officials, including some in the immediate councils of the throne Itself, became, alarmingly aggressive. No foreigner's life, outside of the protected, treaty ports, was nafe. No foreign iiterest was secure from spoliation. The diplomatic representatives of the powers in Peking1 strove 11 vain lo check this movement. Protest was followed by (temand and demand by renewed protest, to be met with perfunctory edicts from the palace and evasive and futile assurance from the tsung-li-yamen. The clr4e of the Roxer Influence narrowed about Peking, and while nominally stigmatized a.a seditious, it was felt that its spirit pervaded the capital Itself, that the imperial forces were Imbued with Its doctriads, and that the immediate counselors of the empress dowager were in full sympathy with the' anti-foreign movement. The increasing gravity of the conditions In China nd the imminence of peril to cur own diversified Interests In the empire, as well as to those of all the other treaty governments, were soon appreciated by this government, causing it profound solicitude. The United State front the earliest days of foreign intercourse with China had followed a policy of peace, omitting no occasion to testify good will, to further the extension of lawful trade, to respect the sovereignty of Its government, and to issu by all legitimate and kindly but earnest means the fullest measure of protection for the lives and property of our law-abiding citizens and for th exercise of their beneficent callings among the Chinese ieople. UNITED ACTION OF i'OU'KUS. Mindful of this, U was felt to be appropriate that our purposes should Ie pronounced In favor of such course ns would hasten united action of the powers at I'ekin to promote the administrative reforms so greatly needed for strengthening the Imperial government and maintaining the integrity of China. In which we believed the whole western world to be alike concerned. To these ends I caused to be addressed to. the several powers occupying territory and maintaining pheres of Influence In China the circular fropoals or 1W. inviting from them decaratlons of their Intentions and views as to the desirability of the adoption of measures Insuring the benefits of equality of treatment of all foreign trade throughout China. With gratifying unanimity the responses coincided in this common policy, enabling me to pee In the successful termination of these negotiations proof of the friendly spirit which animates the various powers Interested In the untrammeled development of commerce and Industry in the Chinese empire as a source of vast benefit to the whole commercial world. In this conclusion, which I had the gratification to announce as a completed engagement it thm Interested powers on

Of THE PRESIDE!

PHILIPPINES MATTERS. March 20, I hopefully discerned a potential factor for the abatement of the distrust of foreign purposes which for a year past had appeared to inspire the policy of the imperial government, and for the effective exertion by it of power and authority lo quell the critical antiforeign movement in the northern provinces most immediately influenced by the Manchu sentiment. Seckin? to testify confidence in the willingness and ability of tne Imperial administration to repress the wrongs and prevent the evils we suffered and feared, the marine guard, which had been sent to I'ekin in the autumn of for the protection of the legation, was withdrawn at the earliest practical moment, and nil pending questions were remitted, as far as we were concerned, to the ordinary resorts of diplomatic intercourse. SLAUGHTER BY EOXERS. The Chinese government proved, however, unable to check the rising strength of tie Boxers and appeared to be a prey to internal dissensions. In the unequal contest the anti-foreign influences soon gained the ascendancy under the leadership of Prince Tuan. Organiztd armies of Boxers, witn which the imperial forces afhliated. held the country between Pekin and the coast, penetrated into Manchuria up to the Russian border, and through their emissaries threatened a like rising throughout northern ChinaAttacks upon foreigners, destruction of their property and slaughter of native conerts were reported from all sides. The tsung-li-yiimen. already permeated with hostile sympathies, could make .o effective response to the appeals of the legations. At this critical juncture, in the early spring of this year, a proposal was made by the other powers that a combined fleet should be assembled in Chinese water as a moral demonstration under cover of which to exact of the Chinese government respect for foreign treaty rights and the suppression of the Boxer?. The United States, while not particlpat'ng In Hie joint demonstration, promptly sent from the Philippines all ships that could be spared for service on the Chinese coast, a small force of marines was landed at Taku and sent to Pekin for the protection of the American legation. Other powers took similar action, until some 400 men were assembled in the capital as legation guards. Still the peril increased. The legations reported the development of the seditious movement in I'ekin and the need of increased provision for defense against It. While preparations were In progress for a larger expedition to strengthen the legation guards and keep the railway open an attempt of the foreign ships to make a landing at Taku was met by a lire from the Chinese forts. The forts were thereupon shelled by the foreign vessels, the American admiral taking no part In the attack, on the ground that we were not at war with China and that a hostile demonstration might consolidate the antiforeign element and strengthen the Boxers to oppose the relieving column. Two days later the Vaku forts were raptured after a panguinary conflict. Severance of communication with I'ekin followed, and a combined force of additional guards, which was advancing to I'ekin by the Pel-IIo. was checked at Lang Fang. The isolation of the legations was complete. HEROISM OF THE LEGATIONS. The siege and Ahe relief of the legations has passed into undying history, in all the stirring chapter which records the heroism of the devoted band, clinging to hope in the face of despair, and the undaunted spirit that lei their relievers through battle and suffering to the goal, it is at memory of which my countrymen may be justly proud that the honor of our flag was maintained alike in the siege and the rescue, and that stout American hearts haw again set high, in fervent emulation with true men of other race and language, the indomitable courage that ever strives for the cause of right and Justice. By June 19 the legations were cut off. An identical note fron the yamen ordered each minister to leave Pekin, under a promised escort, within twenty-four hours. To gain time they replied, asking prolongation of the time, which was afterward granted, and requesting an interview with the tsung-li-yamen on the following day. No reply belriK received, on the morning of the th the German minister, Karon von Kttttlcr, sot out for the yamen to obtain a response, and on the way was murdered. An attempt by the legation guard to recover his body was foiled by the Chinese. Armed forces turned out against the legations. Their quarters were surrounded and attacked. The mission compounds were abandoned, their inmates taking refuge in the British legation, where all th other legations and guards gathered for more effective defense. Four hundred persons wore crowded Into its narrow compass. Two thousand native converts were assembled in a near by palace under protection of the foreigners. lanes of defense were strngthened. trenches dug, barricades raised and preparations made to stand a siege, which at once began. "From June 20 until July 17." writes Minister Conger, "there was scarcely an hour during which there was not bring upon some part of our lines and into some of the legations, varying from a single shot to a general and continuous attack along the whole line." Artillery was placed around the legations and on the overlooking palace walls, and thousands of 3-lnth shot and shell were fired. destroying come buildings and damaging all. So thickly did the balls rain that when the ammunition of the besieged ran low. five quarts of Chinese bullets were gathered In an hour In compound and recast. Attempts were made to burn the legations by setting neighboring houses on lire, but the flames were successfully fought off, although the Austrian. Belgian, Italian and Dutch legations were thn and subsequently burned. ATTITUDE IN CHINA. America's attitude has been unvaried and was first broadly defined by a circular to the powers of July G last, this country's policy as then defined being "to seek a solution which may bring alout permanent safety and peace to China, preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity, protect all rights guaranteed to friendly powers by treaty and international law and safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire." Of course, in addition to this broad and generous view of the rights and Interests of all nations, there has since liecn added the question of reparation for injuries received the past summer and the Indemnity for the expenses necessarily Incurred In connection with the relief of the legations. On this point the president says: "We forego no jot of our undoubted right to exact exemplary and deterrent punishment of the responsible authors of the criminal i ct whereby we and other nations have mffered grievous injury." While the hope Is expressed that a complete settlement of all the questions involved may be reached, it is admitted that the question of Indemnity Is one of "grave concern," as measured In money alone, a sufficient recompense may be beyond the power of China to pay. The president Is disposed to think, however, that due compensation may be made by Increased guaranties for foreign rights and immunities and "by the opening of China to the equal commerce of all the world." RELATIONS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES. Following the China question and situation there are brief statements la ra

spect to the relations of the United States to other countries of the world, which.

on the whole, are satisfactory. There seems to be some friction over the treatment of Americans in Austria In regard to military service, but it is stated representations have been made whenever the course adopted has appeared unduly nerous. COURT OF ARBITRATION. It is with satisfaction that I am able to announce the formal notification at The Hague, on Sept. 4. of the deposit of ratifications of the convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes by sixteen powers, namely, the United States, Austria, Belgium. Denmark, England, France. Germany, Italy, Persia, Portugal. Roumanla. Russia. Siam. Spain. Sweden and Norway and the Netherlands. Japan also has since ratified the convention. The administrative council of the permanent court of arbitration has been organized and has adopted rules of order and a constitution for the international arbitration bureau. In accordance with article XXIII. of the convention, providing for the appointment by each signatory power of persons of known competency in questions of international law as arbitrators, I have appointed as members of this court Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, ex-president of the United States; Melville W. Fuller of Illinois, chief justice of the United States; John W. CJriggs of New Jersey, attorney general of the United States, and George Gray of Delaware, a judge of the Circuit Court of the United States. THE NICARAGUAS CAN .41 Progress Being Made In the Effort to Construct Croat Waterway. The all-important matter of an Interoceanic canal has assumed a new phase. Adhering to its refusal to reopen the question of the forfeiture of the contract of the Maritime Canal Company, which was terminated for alleged non-execution in October, ISH'j. the government of Nicaragua has since supplemented that action by declaring the so-styled Eyre-Cragin option void for non-payment of the stipulated advance. Protests in relation to these acts have been filed In the State Department and are under consideration. Deeming itself relieved from existing engagements, the Nicaraguan government shows a disposition to deal freely with the canal question either In the way of negotiations with the United States or by taking measures to promote the waterway. Overtures for a convention to effect the building of a canal under the auspices of the United Steles are under consideration. In the meantime the views of the congress upon the general subject. In the light of the report of the commission appointed to examine the comparative merits of the various transistlimian ship canal projects, may be awaited. I commend to the early attention of the senate the convention with Great Britain to facilitate the construction of such a canal and to remove any objection which might arise out of the convention commonly called the ClaytonBulwer treaty. The long st -nding contention with Portugal growlnr out of the seizure of the Delagoa Bay Railway has been at last determined by a favorable award of the tribunal of arbitration at Berne, to which it was submitted. The amount of the award, which was deposited in London awaiting arrangements by the governments of the United States and Great Britain for its disposal, has recently been paid over to the two governments. A lately signed convention of extradition with Peru as amended by the senate has been ratified by the Peruvian congress. Another Illustration of the rollcy of this government to refer international disputes to impartial arbitration is seen in the agreement reached with Russia to submit the claims on behalf of the American sealing vessels seized in Bering Sea to determination by T. M. C. Asser. a distinguished statesman and jurist of the Netherlands. Thanks are due to the imperial Russian government for kindly aid rendered by ts authorities in eastern Siberia to American missionaries lleelng from Manchuria. NEW RELATIONS WITH SPAIN. Satisfactory progress has been made toward the conclusion of a general treaty of friendship and intercourse with Spain, in replacement of the old treaty, which passed into abeyance by reason of the late war. A new convention of extradition is approaching completion, and I should be much pleased were a commercial arrangement to follow. I feel that we should not suffer to pays any opportunity to reaffirm the cordial ties that existed between us and Spain from the time of our earliest independence and to enhance the mutual bnetits of that commercial intercourse which ts natural 1-e-tween the two countries. By the terms of the treaty of peace the line bounding the ceded Philippine group in the southwest failed to include several small islands lying west of the Stilus, which have always been recognized as under Spanish control. The occupation of Sibutu and Cagayan Sulu by our navnl forces elicited a claim on the part of Spain, the essential equity of which could not be gainsaid. In order to cure the defect of the treaty by removing all possible ground of future misunderstanding respecting the interpretation of its third article. I directed the negotiation of a supplementary treaty, which will be forthwith laid before the senate, whereby Spain quits all title and claim of title to the islands named, as well as to any and all islands belonging to the Philippine archipelago lying outside the lines described in said third article, and agrees that alt such islands shall be comprehended in the cession of the archipelago as fully as If they had ken expressly included'wlth'n those lines. In consideration of this cession the United States is to pay to Spain the sum of JlOO.ooo. A bill Is now pending to effect the recommendation made in my last annual message that appropriate legislation le had to carry into execution article 7 of the treaty of peace with Spain, by which the United States assumed the payment of certain claim for Indemnity of its citizens against Spain. I ask that action b taken to fulfill this obligation. The King of Sweden and Norwav has accepted the Joint invitation of the'Unlted States. Crrmany and Great Britain to arbitrate claims growing out of losses sustained in the Samoan Islands In the course of military operations made necessary by the disturbances in W. LARGE REVENUE SURPLUS. It is gratifying to be able to state that the surplus revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, Jiwo, were 79,fi27.0W.lS. For the six preceding years we had only deficits, the aggregate of which from lfc94 to inclusive amounted to $2ü3,012.1.14. The receipts for the year from all sources, exclusive of postal revenues, aggregated $jti7,240,&l.l&, and expenditures for all purposes, except for the administration of the postal department, aggregated $487,713.791.71. The receipts from customs were $233,IG4,S71.1G, an increase over the preceding year of tf7.036.3S9.4L The receipts from Internal revenue were 1295.327.rco.76. an increase- of J21.830.7GS.2& over 1899. The receipts from miscellaneous sources were J38.7f8.053.97. as against X3C.394.976.52 for the previous year. REDUCTION OF REVENUE. I recommend that the congress at Its present session reduce the internal revenue taxes imposed to meet the expenses of the war with Spain In the sum of thirty millions of dollar. This reduction should be secured by the remission of those taxes which experience has shown to be the most burdensome to the industries of the people. I specially urge that there by Included In whatever reduction Is mado the legacy tax, bequests for public uses of a literary, educational or charitable character. AID FOR MERCHANT MARINE. American vessels during the past three years have carried about 9 per cent of our exports and imports. Foreign ships should carry the least, not the greatest part of American trade. The remarkable growth of our steel industries, the progress of shipbuilding for the domestic trade, and our steadily maintained expenditures for the navy have created an opportunity to place the United Stated in the first rank of commercial maritime powers. REGULATION OF TRUSTS. In my last annual message to the congress 1 called attention to the necessity for early action to remedy such evils as might be found to exist In connection with combinations of capital organized into trusts, and again invite attention to my discussion of the subject at that time. The whole question Is so-far-reachlng that I am sure no part of It will be lightly considered, but every phase of It will have the studied deliberation c? !v.r congress, resulting In wise and Judicious action. Restraint upon such combinations as are Injurious, and which are within federal Jurisdiction should be promptly applied by the congress. THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The Rebellion Almost at an End Recommendations. In my last annual message I dwelt at some length upon the condition of affairs In the Philippines. While seeking to Impress upon you that the grave responsibility ox the future government ot those

islands rests with the congress of the United States, I abstained from recommending at that time a specific and tinai form of government for the territory actually held by the United States forces, and in which as long as insurrection continues the military arm must necessarily be supreme. I stated my purpose, until the congress shall have made known the formal expression of Its will, te use the authority basted In me by the Constitution and the statutes te uphold the sovereignty of the United States in those distant Islands as in all other places where our nag rightfully floats, placing, to that end. at the disposal of the army and navy all the means which the liberality of the congress and the people have provided. No contrary expression of the will of the congress having been made. I have steadfastly pursued the purpose so declared, employing the civil arm as well toward the accomplishment of pacification and the institution of local governments within the lines of authority and law FAITH OF THE ARMY KEPT. , The articles of capitulation of the city of Manila on Aug. 13. lis. concluded with these words: This city. Its inhabitants, its churches and religious worship, its educational establishments, and its private property of all descriptions are placed under the special safeguard of the faith and honor of the American army." I believe that this pledge has been faithfully kept. As high and sacred an obligation rests upon the government of the United States to give protection for property and life, civil and religious freedom, and wise, firm and unselfish guidance in the paths of peace and prosperity to all the people of the Philippine islands I charge this commission to labor for the full performance of this obligation, which concerns the honor und conscience of their country, in the firm hope that through their labors all the inhabitants of the Philippine islands may come to look back with gratitude to the day when God gave victory to American arms at Manila and set their land under the sovereignty anc. the protection of the people of the United States. PEACE IS ASSURED. Progress in the hoped-for direction has been favorable. Our forces have successfully controlled the greater part of the Islands, overcoming the organized forces of the Insurgents and carrying order and administrative regularity to all quarters. What opposition remains is, for the most part, scattered, obeying no concerted plan of strategic action, operating only by the methods common to the traditions of guerrilla warfare, which, while ineffective to alter the general control now established, are stiil sufficient to beget Insecurity among the populations that have felt the good results of our control and thus uelay the conferment upon them of the fuller measures of local self-government, of education and of industrial and agricultural development which we stand ready to give to them. By the spring of this year the effective opposition of the dissatisfied Tagalas to the authority of the United States was virtually ended thus opening the door for the extension of a stable administration over much of the territory ot the archipelago. Desiring to bring this about. I appointed In March last a civil commission composed of William II. Taft or Ohio. Professor Dean C. Worcester of Michigan. Luke E. Wright of Tennessee. Henry C. Ide of Vermont and Professor Bernard Moses of California. PROGRESS TOWARD PEACE. Coincidcntaliy with the entrance of the commission upon its labors I caused to be issued by Gen. MacArthur, the military governor of the Philippines, on June -.1. 1j00. a proc'ainatiori oC amnesty in generous terms, of which many of the insurgents took advantage, among them a number of important leaders. This commission, composed of eminent citizen representing the diverse geographical and political interests of the country, and bringing to their task the ripe fruits of long and intelligent service in educational, administrative and Judicial careers, mado great progress from the outset. As early as Aug. 21, 190(1. it submitted a prclimlnarv report, which will be laid before the congress, and from which it appears that already the pood effects of returning order are felt; that business. Interrupted bv hostilities, is improving as peace extends; that a larger area is under sugar cultivation than ever before; that the customs revenues are greater than at any time during the Spanish rule: that economy and eliiciency in the military administration have created a surplus fund of KOOO.OtiO available for needed public improvements; that a stringent civil service law is in preparation: that railroad conimunications are expanding, opening up rich districts, and that a comprehensive scheme of education Is being organized. THREE RULES TO BE INVIOLABLE. It Ls evident that the most enlightened thought of the Philippine islands fully appreciates the importance of these principles and rill s, und they will inevitably within a short time command universal assent. Upon every division and branch of the government of the Philippines therefore must be imposed three Inviolable rules: "That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; that private property shall not le taken for public use without Just compensation; that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, to bo informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted with the witnesses against him. to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense: that excessive ball shall not be required, nor excessive fines Imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted; that no person shall be put twice in jeopardy for the same offense, or be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself: that th right to bo secure against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; that neither slavery nor Involuntary servitude shall exist except as a punishment for crime; that no bill of attainer or ex-post facto iaw shall he passed: that no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the press or the rights of the people to peaceably assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances: that no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without discrimination or preference shall forever be allowed." RULES AS TO LAND AND CHURCH. It will be the duty of the commission to make a thorough investigation into the title to the large tracts of land held or claimed by individuals or by religious orders: into the justice of the claims and complaints made against such landholders by the people of the Islam 1 or anv

part of the ieople, and to seek by wise u Kc.H.cauic measures a just settlement of the controversies and redress of wrongs which have caused strife and bloodshed In the past. In the performance of this duty the commission is enjoined to see that no Injustice is done; to have regard for substantial rights and equity, disregarding technicalities so far as substantial right permits, and to observe tho following rules: "That the provision of the treaty of Paris pledging the United States to the protection of all right.) of property In the islands, and as well the principle of our own government which prohibits the taking of private property without due process of law, snail not toe violated; that the welfare of the people of the islands. which should be a paramount consideration, shall be attained consistently with this rule of property right; that if it becomes necessary for the public interest of the people of the islands dispose of claims to property which the commission finds to be not lawfully acquired and held disposition shall be made thereof by due legal procedure, in which there shall be full opportunity for fain and Impartial hearing and Judgment; that if the s:ime public interests require the extinguishment of property rights lawfully acquired and held due compensation shall lo ma h; out Z the public treasury therefor; that no form of religion and no minister of religion shall be forced upon any community or upon any citizen of the islands, that, upon the other hand, no minister c rellRion shall lie Interfered with or molested In following his calling, and that the separation between state ami church shall bo real, entire and absolute." ' ADMINISTRATION OF ISLANDS. The next subject In order of importance should be the organization of government In the larger administrative divisions correspondplng to countries, departments or provinces in which tho common Interest?? ot many or several municipalities falling within tho same tribal lines or the samo natural geographical limits may best be subserved by a common administration. Whenever the commission is of the opinion that the condition of affairs In the islands ls such that the central administration may safely be transferred from military to civil control ihey will report that conclusion to you with their recommendations ns to the form of central government to be established for the purpose of taking over the control. SUPPORTED BY MILITARY FORCE. All legislative rules and orders, establishments of government and appointments to office by the commission will take effect Immediately, or at such times as they shall designate, subject to your approval and action upon the coming In X tlx commission's reports, which art

to be made from time to time as their action ls taken. Wherever civil governments are constituted under the direction of the commission such military posts, garrisons and forces will be continued for the suppression of insurrection and brigandage and the maintenance of law and ordei- as the military commander shall deem requisite, and the military forces shall be at all times subject under his orders, to the call of the civil authorities for the maintenance of law and order and the enforcement of their authority. Later reports from the commission show yet more encouraging advance toward insuring the tenefits of liberty and good government to the Filipinos, in the interest of humanity and with the aim of building up an enduring. sdf-support-ing and self-administering community in those far eastern seas. 1 would Impress upon the congress that whatever legislation may be enacted In respect to the Philippine Islands should be along these generous lines. The fortune of war has thrown upon this nation an unsought trust which should be unselfishly discharged, and devolved upon this government a moral as well as material responsibility toward these millions whom we have freed from an oppressive yoke. I have upon mother ocoa-s:on call! the Filipinos "the wards of the nation." Oar obligation as guardian was not lightly assumed: it must not be otherwise than honestly fultil'.ed, aiming lirst of all to benefit those who have come under our fostering car?. It is our duty so to treat them that our flag may be thi less beloved In the mountains of Luzon and the fertile zones of Mindanao and Ntgros than It Is at home, that there as here it sh.ill b thf revered symbol of liberty, enlightenment and proj-rc-ss in every avenue of development. I'he Filipinos are a race quick to learn and to profit by knowledge. He would be rash who, with the teachings of contemporaneous history in view, would fix a limit to the degree of culture and advancement yet within the reach of those people if cur duty toward them be faithfully performed. The message then touches upon Porto Rico and Cuba, reciting the history of the adoption of the Constitution of the latter country. GOV. WOOD S SPEECH QUOTED. The message contains the following extract from the speech of Gov. Wood to the constitutional convention in Havana: "As military governor of the island, representing the president of the United States. I call this convention to order. "It will be your duty, first, to frame and adopt a constitution for Cuba, and when that has been done to formulate what in your opinion ought lo be the relations between Cuba and the United States. "The constitution must be adequate to secure a stable, orderly and free government. "When you have formulated the relations which in your opinion ought to exist between Cuba and the United States the government of the United States will doubtless take such action on its part as shall lead to a final and authoritative agreement between the people of the two countries to the promotion of their common interests. "All friends of Cuba will follow your deliberations with the deepest interest, earnestly desiring that you shall reach

just conclusion, and that by the dignity, individual self-restraint, and wise conservatism which shall characterize your proceedings tho capacity of the Cuban people for representative government may be signally illustrated. "The fundamental distinction between true representative government ami dictatorship is that in the former every representative of people, in whatever "office, confines himself strictly within the limits of his defined powers. Without such restraint there can be no free constitutional government. Under the order pursuant to which you have been elected and convened yon have no duty and no authority to take part in the present government of the island. Your powers are strictly limited bv the terms of that order." When the convention concludes its labor I will transmit to the congress the constitution as framed by the convention for its consideration and for such action as It may deem advisable. I renew the recommendation made in my special message of Feb. 10. ISW. as to the necessity for cable communication between the United States and Hawaii, with extension to Manila. Since then circumstances have, strikingly emphasized this need. Surveys have shown the entire feasibility of a chain of cables which at each stopping place shall touch on American territory, so that the system shall be under our own complete control. Manila, once within telegraphic reach, connection with the systems of the Asiatic coast would open increased and profitable opportunities for a more direct cable route from our shores to the Orient than Is now afforded by thr transatlantic, continental and transasian lines. I urge attention to this important matter. OTIIKK POINTS OF .MKSSAtJK. Hawaii, Civil Service and the AVashiugton Centennial. CHT. MILITARY CONDITION. Tbe present strength if the army is 19O.OV0 nifii Ci.W) regulär awl 33.000 volunteer. Inder the net of Mach 2. IS'Ji, on Juri 30 next the present volunteer force will discharged and the regular array will l reduced to 2.4 7 Ulcers and 29.02.". enlisted men. In 1S.S8 a Iionrd of othVers convened ly President Cleveland adopted a comprehensive scbeuie of coast defense fotilQ.at loim. which Invelvid the outlay of nomethhi over one hundred million dollars. This plant received the i'pmval of the conjrvo, and since then regular apirpilatlnna have 1ocn made and the work of fortification has Meaddy progressed. More than JtX"tn,uM laa been lorestcd In R great munlx-r of fort im I jcunn. with all t h eoiri plicated and oclentlMc machinery and elcctiical aiflijinics necessary for tbi-ir us.'. The proper eare of this defensive machinery r"julrca men trained in Its use. The number of men uoeessary to perform this dnty aloue la ascertained liy tLe War Department at a minimum allowance to be 1S.4l'i. Thcrr are fifty-eight or more military fiesta In the United State other than the coast defense fortifications. The number of these j-ost ia being cfiyetantly Increased ty tho enusross. More bun J22.000.000 have lKen einende! in hulldittl and equipment, und thej can only be cared tor by the regular army. The imst now in existence and others to be built provide for Accommodations for aud If fully garrisoned require 26.0UO troops. Maiiy of these Kwts are along our frontier or at Important trategic jM)ints, the occupation of wbWli U uecejwary. AVe Late in Cuba between 5.M0 and 6.0W trocTia. I 'or the present our trou in thnt ibltind raunot be withdrawn or materially diminished, and certainly not until the conclusion of the labors of the const It utlonal Convention now in trsnlon and a povernnicnt provided by tho new constitution nhall have beeu ctahlished and Its stability assured. In Porto Rico we bave reduced the garrison to 1.636, which includes K6 native troopw. There I do room for further reduction here. We will be required to keep a considerable force Id the Philippine Iblandx for sonw time to come. Krom the best information obtainable we fiiall need there for the Immediate future from &.000 to 60.000 men. 1 am hu re the number may he reduced aa the Innurgents hall me to acknowledge the authority of the t'nlted State, of which there are assuring Indications. It must 1" apparent that we will require an army of about 60,000, and that during prcuent conditions in Cuba and the Philippines the President fliould bave authority to increase Xhf force to the present uiuuber of 100,000. Intituled in this number authority should t given to raise native t roo i a in the Philippine up to 15.000, which the Taft commission liefieves will be more effective in dctectlns and 6'ipprefisin guerrilla!, MHsasslna and l;i1 rones than our own ftohliers. The full dlseuttaion of this subject by the Secretary of War in Ms annual report is called to your earliest ut tent Ion. I renew the rccommendattona made In my latt annual message that the congress provide a f-pcclal medal 'f honor for the volunteers, regulars, sailors and marine on duty In the 11 ilipphies lio voluntarily remained in tin Fcrrlcc after their terms of enlistment had expired. I favor the recommendation of the Secretary ef War for Ihe detail of ollicers from the line ef the army when vacancies occur in the nil.iutant general's department, inspector peneral'H department, uartcrmnstcr general's derailment, subsistence department, pay department, ordnance depai t merit, and signal corps. The army cannot be too highly commended for its faithful and otTccllve service in active military oeratlons In Ihe field and the dillieiilt work of civil administration. POSTAL Sr.KVICK CROWS. The continued ami rapid prowth of the postal service 1 a sure Index of the great and Increasing business activity of tho country. Its most striking new development Is the extension of rural free delivery. This has come almost wholly within the last year. At the beginning of the li.scal year 1K93.-1900 the number of routes In operation was only 331, and most of these had been running less than twelve months. Ou the lith of November, 1900, the Mimber had Increased to 2.C14. reaching Into forty-fonr states and territories and serving a population of 1.801.S24. The number of applications now pending and awaiting action i.earlr equals all those granted up to tho present time, and by the close of tfc- current fiscal year atwut 4,000 routes will have been established, providing for the dally delivery of malls at tbo scattered bomes of about 3,600 of rural population. This service s meliorates the Isolation of farm Rfe, conduces to good roads and quickens and extends tbo dissemination of general laforma tlon, Experience thus far has tended to aUay tho apprehension that It would b s xpeav-

slvs as to forbM Its general adortln or make U a serious bti'.'.-n. Its actual application has shown that It Increase postal receipts and ran be accompanied by reductlous In other brauet es of the service, so that the augmented revenues and the accomplished savings together materially reduce the ud cost. The evidences hieb Klint to ttrse conclusioas are presented in detail in the annual report of the postmaster general, which, with it recommendations, Is recommended to the consideration of the congress. The full development of this special service, however, reipilres such a large outlay of money that it should be undertaken only after a careful study and tksrousb understanding of all that it involves. Very eflicient service has Wen rendered by tut navy In connection wits the insurrection In the Philippines and the recent disturbance In China. A very satisfactory settlement baa been made of the long-peudlng piestloa of the nnufactnre of armor plate. A reasonable price has been secured and tae aecesslty for a gcvercment armor plant avoided. NEW VESSELS FOR NAVY. I approve of tie recommendations of the Secretary of ihe Navy fur new vessels a cd for additional o!l":reis and uiea which the required increase of the navy makes necessary. I commend to the favorable action of the congress ti;e laeiKuie nv landing for the erection ef a Ktntue to t!.e memory of the late Admiral David I. Porter. I commend also the estnblifhmont of a national naval reserve ar,.l of th Crido of vice admiral. Vr-ivision should be

n r.te as recommended by the secretary, for

sii. tat. ie riwa !: lor fi-eeial merit. .Many of- I ... . ticeis .who mxieted the most d'istTnguisi.ed 6cr- conditions in the Sn.'U factorie s, workvice during the recent wnr with Spain have re- ; hops. min S. quarries and Other conceived in rt Ui i li lij recognition from the con- ! . . gross. ! trrs or industry of Indiana, w hich emTöo total reu of public binds as given bv ; ploy, approximately, 17.".0n laborers.

Tim rpcrerar.r er iiie mierior ! approximately l. 'j. i.Nji. vi.' acre, or which v:..J...,5) acres are undisitosed if and 151.7I3.7S2 acres have been reserved for various purix-ses. The public lands disposed cf during the yenr amount to 13.4.-u:,$S7.9a acres, including C2.423.C3 acres i of Indian lands, an Increase of 4.271,474.80 over ' the preceding y-ar. The totnl receipts from ! the sale of lands during the fiscal year were I $1.370.753.10, on increase cf l,S(S.C:o.7fi Ter tta j preceding year. j The results obtained from our forest pol'.cy 1 have demonstrated its wisdom and the neces- : sitv In the interest of the pnM't for Its continuance and increased appropriations by the congress for the carrying oa of the work. On j June C1), 19 . thera were thlrtv-sevcn forest ! reserves, seated by presidential proclamations under section 21 of the net of March S. 1S91, embracing an area of 40.42.1.5:? acres. During the past yenr the Olympic reserve. In the state ot Washington, was reduced 26.J.040 acres, leaving Ita prewnt area at 1,923.840 scro. The Prcscott reserve in Arizona was increpsed from 1 .2l) aeres to 423.CSJ acres, and the B!g Horn reserve, in Wyoming, was Increased from 1.127.CS0 acres to l.lSa.S-) acres. A new reserve, the Santa Vnez. in California, embracing aa area of 115.000 acres, was created during this year. On Oct. M. 19-Kl. the Crow Creek forest reserve in Wyoming, vvaa created, with an area of ö',.?.Cö acres. At the end of the fiscal year there were on ths Tension roll H'i.C25 names, a net increase of ?.010 over the liscal year lJO. The enmber j added to the rolls during th year was 43,344. ! The amount disbursed for army pensions dur- J lag the year was $U4. TOO. 557. 1:4. snd for navv pensions $3.7fU.5C.41. a total of Jl::t.462.120.65. ' leaving an unexpended balance of J5.542.7CS. 23 to j ie corereu into tr.e trensnry. wnich show an Ir.creast over the previous year's rxjenditnre of J! '.'7.C77.70. There were CS 4 names added to the rolls during the year by special acta parsed at the tirst senslon of the fifty-sixth congress. The act of May. 39K among other things, provides fur an extension of Income to widows pepsioned ticler said r.ct to J2r.i) per annnm. The Secretary of t!-e Interior lcleves that by the perations of t act the number of persons pcnVi'iticd uikI-t it w ill increase and the lnct cased anniml payment for i-ensions will be between $:i.'V..i.ivi.i ,.,j ji.oOO.nefl. The government Justly I piee;it s th services of its soldiers and sailors hy making pension payments liberal beyond precedent for them, their widows and orphans. There wen- 1:'...".I0 letters patent profited, including reissues and designs, during the fiscal year ended June r?i. 1?": l.OO f rade-rnarks, CS2 labels und !". prints registered. The number of patents which expired was I'.l.IS. The total receipts for patents were Sl.J.",s.2CS.C5. The ex. peudlturos were J1.217.S27.5S, showin; a surplus of S110.4W.77. The attention of the congress Is railed to the reiort cf the Secretary of the Interior touching tho necessity for the further establishment "f schools in the Territory of Alaska and fa virablo action Is invited thereon. HAWAII AM THE CENSUS. The piofcre.-s and population of Hawaii Is thf next Mihjoct toinlied upon and then the mcssag" talus up tho department of agriculture as follows: The le;artmenf of Agriculture has leen eitending its work during the past year, reaching farther for i-.ew varieties of Feeds and rlants; co-operating more fully with h states and territories in lescarch along useful lines, making progress id meteorological work relating to lines of wir"bs telegraphy and forecasts fr ocean-ffoinR vessels: continuing inquiry na to animal disease; locking into the extent and cl.aractcr of fMl adulteration; outlining plans for the care, preservation and Intelligent harvesting of cur woodlands; studying soils that producers mav cultivate with Wtter knowledge of conditions, ami helping to clothe desert places with crases suitable to our srid regions. Our island iossesslon are being considered that their peoples may le fceljied to pro duce the tropical producta now bo extensively brought into I lie I'nited States. Inquiry Into methods of improving our roads Las been aetlve during the yar; help has leen given to many localities, sud sclent Ilk Investigntlon of mate rial In the state sikI territories has been inaugurated, litigation problems In our semi rid regions are receiving careful and Increased consideration. r.xiiiniT at rAhis. An extensive exhibit at Paris of the products of agtieulture has made the t-opIes of many cuuniiies more familiar with the varied pioducts of our Held and their comparative excellence. The collection nf statistics regarding our crops is being improved, and source of iQformution are Ik-Iiic enlarged, to the end that producers may have the earl'CFt adrkei regarding crop conditions. There bas never Iven a time wticn tl:os for whom It waa established b.ive shown more appreciation cf tns services of the- department. CONTRACT I,AI'.OR LAWS. In ray riniiual message of lec. , I call ed attention to tlit necessity for some amendment of the alien contract Isir. There MtU leiu.iln imH.rtaiit featurea of the rightful application of tlii eight-Lour law for tin lieneflt of labor, and of the piiticiple of arbitration, and I a en in comnienil thee subjects to the CHreful attention of the congress. cavn. skkvick ix riiiLirnxES. That there may ln secured the tiest service possible in the 1'hllippiiie Islands, I have istued, under dale of Nov. JO, 19ji, the follow lug order: "The Trilled States civil service eoinmlsMon is directed to render such assistance aa mar Ik? practicable to the civil service lioanl. created iimlcr the act of the t'hited States l'l ilippln commission, for the establishment ami maintctitttKt) of au honest and rtficicnt civil settles in the Philippine Islands, and for that purpose to conduct examinations for the civil service ot the Philippine Islands, uism the request of the civil service !oard of said Islands, under such regulations as may tx agreed iimii by the said Itiiard and the said United States civil service commission " The civil service commission Is greatly emtarrassei In ita work for want of an adequate permanent force for clerical and other assUt ance. Its needs are fully set forth in Its relrt. I Invite attention to the report, and ewlally nrge njnin the congress that this Important bureau of the pu'illc ser-iee, which passes MjHui the qualifications and character of a large a number of the oflicers and employee of the government, should be supported by all ceded appropriations to secure promptness and efbeicuoy. THE WASHINGTON CFA'TEXXIAL. The transfer of the irovemment te this city Is a fact of Kient historical lntereat. Among the p'-opln there is a feeling ol" genuine prlds In ths iiipital of the republic. It la a matter of Intr8t in this connection thut In 1MK) the population of the HWtrict of Columbia, was 14, M; to-dnjr it is J7S.7I8. The population of the City of Washington was then 3.-10; to-day it ls UlR.liHi. The congress having provided for "an appropriate nnlio;mI celebration of ths centennial anniversary of the estal'lislnxnt of the rent of government in the 1 ist i lit of Columbia. the committees authorised by it bave prepared programme for tie U'th of lecemler. 19h, which date lias been selected iis the anniversary day. I'oon Interest has Wen tdiown In tho arrangements fur Ihe ccb bra i ion by the members of the committees of the nennte and house of rep- i rescntaliws. the committee of governors appointed by the President ami the committees nppoliitcd by tho cill.cns and inhabitants of the District of Columbia generally. 'Ihe piwuramme. In addition to a reception and other exercises at the executive mansion, provides commemorative exercises to 1-e held Jointly by the senate and bouso of representatives in the eveuing at the tVrcoiaii Gallery of Art In honor of ths govVrtiois of the states snd territories. IIANOI IIS OF l'UOSl'KUITY. In our great prosperity we must guard against tbo danger It Invites of extravagance in government expenditures and appropriations, and the chosen representatives of the people will, I doubt not, furnish nn example lr their legislation of that wise economy which In a season of plenty husbands for the future. In tbis era of great business activity and opportunity caution Is not untimely. It will not abate, but strengthen eonlldenco. It will not retard. tnt promote legitimate industrial and commercial cipni.slen. Our crowing power brings with It temptations and tierlls requiring constant viellanes to avoid. It must not be used to Invltt conflicts, nor for oppression, but for the mors effective Maintenance of those principles of equality and justice upon which our Institutions anil happiness depend. Iet ts keep always in mind that the foundation of onr rovsra ment ls liberty its superstructure peace. WILLIAM M'KIKUBX. Kzecutlrt Uanaloo, Dec I lftkv

A WEEK IX INDIANA.

RECORD OF HAPPENINGS POR SEVEN DAYS. Illennial Keport of State. labor ComJuUnIom Filed with (.otrrnor Mount Engineer hhot In 111 Cb A Forges Ills Father's Name. Favora Arbitration tr Force. Tup biennial report of th Indiau-i state labor commission Med with Governor Mount shows gratifying iraproTrrnent Althoug-h there lias been an increasejil number of strike?, tho.- that have occurred, the commissioners say, have contained fewer day?, havo involved fewer jK-r.ons, have b-en based on more reasonable d-TnaJi'i and have been more easily adjustM ' than those of the two years iireviu.s tO the I.u-t tWO. Tile renoi't. tneaks of I The commission favors enforced arbij t ration in strikes and says the welfare i of the people demands au amendment ! to Indiana's statutes providing Tr j such arbitration, tvuh a law "would do away with the inlluenc; of professional agitators." Engineer Shot In III h!. Mathew Kintenzelman. an engineer on the Air Line railroad, received a. j fatal wound ill a peculiar manner. Ha i 'as standing in his cab at (leiitryvi'.Ie, ! when he felt a sharp pain in his s-id. . -'u examination saowei ae nan ween shot in the left sdo under the heirt. He was taken to Ivansville on a special train. His condition is cxtreni"ly critical. He says steam was ecapln from the locomotive at tho time and 1. was unable to hear the shot. He i one of the oldest engineers on th ro;ii and says if he lias an enemy in thi world he dors not know it. Son l'orges I'atlicr' Namr. John Kt'ddinpton was convicted at Anderson of forinp; certificates of deposit belonging to his father. Patrick Heddingfon. and was sentenced to the penitentiary lor two years. rh4 father tiled the affidavit against him. Young Keddington has l--n a school teacher at KIwood an 1 lore a grul reputation. His father is a well-to-do farmer. It developed that the yod'i man had forged his father's name before and the latter had always paid to save the son. For the last offense he was very vigorous in the prosecution. William Kdxalt Pcad. William Kdsali, aged lifty-six. di-d at Fort "Wayne. He was a son cf Simon Kdsali ami a grandson of IVter Kdsali, an Indian trailer, who settled here in He served in the civil war with the late (Jen. Henry W. Iawton. He was wounded at Murfreesboro and left three days on the field amid the dead until Kawton discovered him and revived him with a drink. He was a bailing lM.inesa man here for manv years. Trlst;l I'olo L-jtjue formed. Plans are rapidly n ing formed at Loporte for ;i tristate polo league, to include .ho states of Ohicy Indiana and "Wisconsin, with the placing of teams in the principal cities of three states and the playing of a long schedule. The chief promoters are W. A. and L. A. Petty. The cities of Anderson, KIwood. Logansport. Fort Wayne and Richmond, in this state, will back professional teams. Itesort Is Dynamited. The National hotel at Madison, a resort Kept by Mary 1 laker, a wbita woman, who recently married a mulatto, was partly wrecked by dynamite. A large hole v:is torn in the walla ami all the windows wer shattered, but no one was serio.isly injure... Tal building was once favorably known as the William Tell house. To Collect l.ocnumtUra. President Stone of Purdue university says the trustees intend to make a collection of typical American locomotives. Several engines have been contributed by railroads, and they will be placed in the locomotive museum, for which a new building will be used. Three of the old locomotives havo been received. Whrrl Worin to 11 Mw.rtd. The ofrrials of the Stai lard Wheel Company, which has its central otflce in Terre Haute, have issued tirders for starting the ompany's phut ai Ka'.amay.oo, Mich.. Monday. The wheel works is KalamaztKi's largest manufacturing industry, employing 300 rren. It has been dosed down twi r.iontMs. Wrecked by (; I'iplaioii. The jewelry store of A. F. Zimmerman at Morristown was badly damaged by a pas explosion. The rubber tnbo leading to the radiator burst ed. The room soon filled with gas and ignited, with the above result. The loss la fully covered by insurance: .lilted .Irl Kills llrr.-ir. Miss Maggie Mienert. aged -2. committed suicide at Kvansvill'. by taking an overdos of carbolic acid. She was jilted by her lover. Her last words were: dying." "Send for mother, I am Mi. New, in Brief. The I'niou Trai t ion company at Marion is preparing to furnish illumination by elect ricit y to the various towns along the litns of its interurban electric line front its central powr station at Anderson. Py a party vote the county commissioners at Terre Haute overruled the motion that Commissioner Boatman be not allowed to sil in the contested election case of Ikdton vs. Clark, for county treasurer. The gas meter fight is being stirred up again at Frankfort and the indications are that many meters will bd ordered out within the next few days. In a report submitted by the county board of charities and corrections to the county commissioners at Portland, the county infirmary is condemned.