Marshall County Independent, Volume 4, Number 43, Plymouth, Marshall County, 7 October 1898 — Page 2

SCIENTIFIC TOPICS

CURRENT NOTES OF DISCOVERY AND INVENTION. A Time Piece Ttistt ItrgUters the Thousandth 1'art of it t'tvwm I Tltafüpli of a German Clock maker -A Fu u m;.t 1c Hood liorer--t!u of the Houey liee. The Sting of Mie Elonry lie. There hao been more or discusticn of late on the effect of bee atlnga. Seme authorities claim thai after a nun' Ufr of BtiAga pcnoM become immune: others declare that it is only in exceptional cases that this state of things occur. Then are many bee keepers who never become so accustomed to the stings that they feel willing to risk the pain at the moment and the extremely uncomfortable poreness That follows contact with these small hut fierce antagonists. To be sure some persons are less affected than others, but this proves nothing from a scientific standpoint. An experience of years has led a number of agriculturists to the belief that there are seasons and conditions that govern the effect of bee stings. One of these does not suffer at all during some seasons, while at oiht r limes the poison is mo?t virulent, permeating the whole system and producing a sense of general illness. Sometimes large blotches break out all over the body; at other times the suffering is confined to the injured locality. From the best authorities it appears that much depends upon the plants from which the bee has lately led. Certain herbs are poisonous to certain persons, and if the bee has recently gathered honey from them, their toxic properties seem to be conveyd from the bee to the individual. That one may become partially immune is Dot to be questioned, but that absolute (Immunity ever occurs may be subject to reasonable doubt. A Demand for a New Insulator. All over the country come complaint? of the insufficient insulation of electric wires. Trees are destroyed, buildings re set on fire and no end of miscaief 1s done simply because the wires that are stretched hither and yon are not sufficiently protected by the insulating cover: indeed, where the utmost precautions are taken there is more or less danger. .Many of the wires are in certain localities attached to trees. These sway in the wind, drawing the wire back and forth over some intervening branch. It is but the work of a short time to wear off the covering when at every movement the wire emits a spark that in a little while seriously injures or entirely destroys the tree. The trouble seems to be that sufficient care is not exercised in putting up wires, or else the covering is not adequate to (the wear and tear to which it is subjected. The general opinion is that wires should never be attached to trees or buildinge where there is any possibility of enough 'notion to result in the wearing off of t.ie insulating cover. Per' Ued Gunpowder. The logica1 ombustion of gunpowder ?n a gun tit jld be slow at the beginning, and as the shot goes faster through the oore of the gun the powder should burn more and more rapidly. This end is attained in a powder, one at whose inventors is Hudson Maxim, brother of the inventor of the rapidfire gun. A composition is used which burns from the outside of the grain and does not explode en masse. It is made In cylinders with perforations. As ft burns, the holes become larger, so that the surface is constantly increasing in proportion to the mass or weight of the grain. When the charge is ignited, the gas is liberated with comparative iowness; as the lumps of powder become smaller the gas comes off more rapidly, so as to follow up the projectile in its passage through the gun. The result is that for equal velocity of the ball a much lower pressure is produced within the gun. Pneumatic Wood Borer. Pneumatic tools have been widely need in metal work, but it Is only lately that they have commenced to find a place in wood work. At the June conventions at Saratoga a wood borer attracted considerable attention; and its work in the shops and repair yards has fully substantiated all claims made for U. Thousandth Part ot a Second. The merit of having first constructed precision chronometers for the measarement of one-hundredths of a second fails to the Nestor of Berlin watchmakers. F. E Lonbr.er. His instruments have been adopted by shipping masters all over the world. His greateet triumph, however, in the matter of recording inflnHely small periods of

time Is his neir apparatus for the exact measurement of one-thousandth parts of a second. This novel chronometer has an immense dial of almost ten feet in diameter mounted upon a transportable platform. The dial shows two concentric rings, of which the outer is divided into 360 degrees and the inner circle into 200 degrees. The hand is five feet long and is turned by the mechanism of the clockwork at the rate of five times per second around the dial, so that each degree of the inner dial actually represents one-thousandth part of a second. A special arrangement makes it possible to have the hand turn only once or three times around thf dial within a second, the values of the degrees being then correspondingly changed. The sudden stopping of the hand, which turns at an enormous rate of speed, its point traveling at the rate of 150 feet a second, or 100 miles an hour, would absolutely destroy the works. On the other hand, the human eye cannot follow the turning of the hand, and in order to establish the exact measurement photography had to be resorted to An auxiliary apparatus consisting of twelve photographic cameras has been arranged in front of the big dial. These cameras are open opposite the dial and before them a disk with a very thin slit at a point passing the twelve cameras in turn, rotates at the rate of twenty times per second. Twelve pictures of the position of the hand are therefor taken within the period of onetwentieth of a second, each showing the exact position of the hand on the dial. With this apparatus it is possible to photograph and measure the initial velocity of projectiles, the velocity of fall of small or large objects, the details of the destructive effects, when explod

ing mine? or high explosives, etc. It is possible to take with this apparatus 2. SS0 pictures per second. Scarcity of Tin. That the gold lb ids of the world are much more extensive than the tin fields is a fact which might strike the unscientific person with a curious feeling of surprise. The tin fields Which are known to exist cover an area of less than 15,000 square miles, while the gold fields are sumething over 1.500,000 square miles. Therefore there are 132 square miles of gold-bearing regions for every single mile of ground where tin is known to exist. The importance of the tin industry is scarcely appreciated by those who hae never made the subject a study. North America has no tin mines. South America but one, Asia has two. Peru and Bolivia contribute 4.000 tons a J ar. and Australia mines about G.000 tons a year. While we are all practically familiar with what is called tinware, very few of us appreciate the fact that pure tin plays a very small part in the manufacture of these articles. The quality of tinware has. within the past few years, deteriorated with amazing rapidity, all of which is attributed to the limited supply and great value of tin. Continuous Steel Pipe. The West Australian government has taken a contract to lay nearly three hundred and fifty miles of water pipe of a novel character. This pipe is to be made of steel spirals packed in concrete. Sheet steel is cut into strips of the required width. These are fed into a machine and welded into one continuous strip. As the strip is fed into the machine, rivet holes are punched, then the edges of the laps are brought together by machinery and held during the process of riveting, which is all done by compression. The lap is thrown on the outside of the pipe, rendering the inner surface smooth and "ven throughout its length. A teaaious hydraulic cement is packed : ;i round the laps, making the pipe absolutely water-tight. Fighting Monsters. The American Museum of Natural History in New York has recently acquired some plaster casts of models representing strange animals of past geological periods. It is believed that such models will have much popular educational value, since they have been carefully prepared from scientific descriptions of the remains of the monsters whose forms they reproduce. One of these extinct saurians, named hy Professor Cope the laelaps. was a carniverous animal with heavy hind quarters, the body measuring about seven feet and the tail eight feet in length. Professor Cepe believed that the laelaps could leap through the air, and the model shows one of the creatures in the act of springing upoa an enemy. An Odd Hlrycl-S and. A bicycle-stand has been made by sawing off the spokes of an old wagon wheel to about one-half their length. The hub la then fastened on top of a post, the remains of the wheel occupying a horizontal position. Bicycles are held by it with their front wheels put between the spokes of the wagon wheel. Teneer Catting. Veneer-cutting has reached such per fection that a single elephant's tusk, thirty inches long, is now cut in London into a sheet of ivory 160 Inches long and twenty inches wide, and gome sheetB of rosewood and mahogany are only about a fiftieth of an inch thick.

THE TRADJREVIEW. Failure for the Month Have Been Exceedingly Few. R. G. Dun & Co., in their Weekly Review of Trad ay: "Failures in September have been about $G.70:.000. and for the quarter about $22,875.000. The returns indic ate a smaller aggregate of failures than in any other month in many years, except in August of this year, and smaller for the quarter than in any other quarter since 1S92. !n fact, excepting one quarter in that year, no other appears to have shown a smaller aggregate unless, more than ten years ago. when the volume of solvent business was very mm h smaller than it is now. Evidently the complete returns to be given next week will show that the atate of business is in that respect more satisfactory than it has ever been, unless in one quarter of 1S92." Now a Refrigerator Trut. The organization of the refrigerator manufacturing trust is saic? to be under way. It is to have $6.000,000 capital and to Include all the big concerns in the country.

Ordered to Difcbaml Volunteer. The Spanish government has cabled to den. Blancho instructing him to disband all the Cuban volunteers and auxiliaries, paying them three months' arrears of wages. To Cliririten Itutt leslilp 1. on -1 . Miss Elizabeth Stephenson, daughter of ex-Congressman Isaac M. Strphenson of Marinette, will christen the battleship Wisconsin at an Francisco on Nov. 26. Fire at Clinton. Maine. Fire swept away the Central Maine railway station and many adjoining buildings at Clinton. Maine, ant! for a time the town was threatened. Loss, $50.000. To Control Clour Mills. The syndicate which is to control the leading western Hour mills has been practically completed. The new company is to have a capital of 340,000.000. Will :il Troops Immediately. The transportation of troops to Cuba, besides those to be sent to Manzanillo immediately, should be be;un as early as Oct. 15 and not later tian Ort. 20. To llll nM It alian Nnvy. The Italian government has dec! led to make the proposed increase in ;he naval strength of the kingdom, aid the issue of a loan is considered pnbtble. CV.mp WikofT Almost I -. t-l. The departure of troops from Camp Wikoff continues and now there ire only three regiments in the camp which a month or two ago had 25000 men. Did Not Mention Silver. The Xew Jersey democratic state convention refused to make free )- ver an iesu.. 1-Jvin Crane, of !esex county, was named for governor. No GerH-ral Strike Probable. M. D. Ratchford. president of the Mine-Workers 'union, says the report of an impending general strike among the coal miners of Illinois is untrue. Manitoba Village Fire Swept. The business portion of the village of Treborne. Manitoba, including two banks and several hotels, was destroyed by fire. Los, $50,000. Per Capita Tax Increased. The grand lodge, Illinois Knights of Honor, raised the per capita tax from 70 cents to $1. J. L. Livingston, Chicago, wae chosen dictator. Heavy Lobs In Wisconsin. It is estimated the losses through forest fires in Barron, Polk. Washburn and Sawyer counties, Wisconsin, have been at least $1,500,000. Hryan Rooked for Cuba. Col. William J. Bryan is booked to command his regiment in Cuba unless he resigns before Maj.-Gen. Lee makes up his Cuban corps. Good I lui - in Michigan. Labor Commissioner Cox, in a report based on trustworthy advices, declares that industrial conditions in Michigan are vastly improved. Catholic Archbishop to Meet. The annual meeting of the archbishops of the United States will be held at the Catholic university, heginning Oct. 11. Armenians Kilted by Turku. More fighting has occurred between Turk-; and a number of Armenians from Russia. About fifty Armenians were killed. Sick Soldiers Coming Home. The president has given instructions that all sick in Porto Rico be sent north as soon a.s they are able to travel with safety. Wine Vintage la Small. The wine vintage of California thh year will be one of th smallest In the recent history of the state. ;en. Shaffer la III. Gen. Shafter has had another attack of the Santiago fever and has been confined to his cottage. I.avifrue and Knie Draw. Kid Lavigne and Frank Erne fought a draw at the Greater New York Athletic club. Erne had all the best of the fight. Democrat Nominate Henry tieorge. Henry George, son of the late single-tax leader, was nominated for governor by the silver democrats of New York. Will Keep All Troop. The president has decided to mutiter out no more troops until peace is declared.

I LAST Or THE BAYARDS

The Death of the Ex-Secretary of State Closes a Family's History His Career.

Thenr.s Francis Bayard died at the f tii drummed in Massachusetts last Wednesday. Sketch of Iii Cur -er. No one family can boast a long r line of members of the Failed States enate touM of representatives, and cabinets, or greater control of th politics oi a state than the Bayards of Delaware. B it Delaware is a small stat-1. For a century ihe family ruled the politics of Delaware, and on.' ift P another its members have uen at to the senate, house of representatives, and info responsible offices of ;he national government. lames Bayard, grandfather of Thomas F.. was one of the first delegate B in the Federal congress, am was elected to The senate in 1804. Richard Bayard was in the senate from 1836 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1845. James Bayard, a brother of Richard and father of Thomas F., was elected in 1851 and served almost continuously until lfc-G'a. He had resigned in 1864. but was appointed to fill the unexpired term of G. R. Riddle. On Jan. lt. 1809. the legislature having met to elect Riddle's successor, James A. Bayard was selected to fill the remainder of the term, and on the same day his son. Thomas F was elected for the term to begin

THE LATE THOMAS F. BAYARD.

the following Man. Thus father and son were by one legislature and on the same day both elected to the United States senate, the first time of such an occurrence la the history of the eountry. His Public Career. Thomas Francis Bayard was born in Wilmington, Del., Oct. 29, 1828. He was the son of James Asheton Bayard, who was eTected United States senator from Delaware for three successive terms, and grandson of another James A -heton Bayard, who was at one time United States minister to France, a United States senator from Delaware for two terms, and one of the commissioners appointed by President Madison to conclude a peace treaty with Great Britain in 1813. T. F. Bayard was educated chiefly in the Flushing BCbOOL He was placed in a business house in New York city, but after the death of his elder brother in 1848 returned to Wilmington, studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1851. Soon after he was appointed United States distric t attorney for Delaware. Removing his residence to Philadelphia, in 1855, he there became the partner of William Shippen in the practice of law for two years, after which he returned to Wilmington, where he continued his practice of the law until he was elected, inJ8o8, to succeed his father in the United States senate. He was re-elected for a second term in the senate in 1875 and for a third term in 1S81. On the same day that he was elected to the senate for a full term his father was also re-elected a senator from Delaware to serve for the unexpired portion of his original term. This is the only case on record of a father and son elected by the same legislature to fill this distinguished position. While in the senate he served on the eomtres on finance, judiciary, private land claims, library, and revision of laws, and in October, 1881. he was elected President pro tempore of the senate. In 1876 he acted as a member of the electoral commission. PreHldentlal Anpir tlonti. In March, 1885, President Cleveland selected him far his secretary of state. Including his great grandfather, Gov. Bassett, he was the fitth member of his family to occnpy a seat in the United States senate. President Cleveland

lso eent him as minister to England. Tae :;;. : speech at Edinburgh by Mr. Bayard, white American minister, supposed reflect ou the protective policy of this country, and on the character of Its people, resulted in the Introduction in the house of representatives of a n solutioa by Congressman Barrett of Massachusetts for the impeachment of Mr. Bayard. &ftef some discussion the resolution was referred to the house committee on foreign affairs, with the impeachment clause left out In the Democratic national convention cf 18S0 and 1SS4 he was a candidate for i i;e presidency and received a considerable number of votes. Mr. Bayard was married twice, his second! wife Deine Mary Willing Clymer, who was enly 26 years of age, while he was This second mar riage occurred in 1889. Li!:e himself, the bride was a member of an old and distinguished family, closely related with the history of the country, being the daughter of Dr. George Ciymer. a grandson of the signer of the declaration of independence. Since bis retirement from active life he has lived at his old Wilmington home, a lovely place known as Delamere Place.

A 'X) gold piece is a nice round sum. V.V bke:. hl From Pbotoßranh to Jjnsricaa 0tebrltta. Telegraph iQ Africa. Mr. R. D. Mohun leaves Antwerp this week with an expedition to construct a line of telegraph from Lake Tanganyika to Stanley Falls on the Upper Congo, ander the 'ommission of the Congo Free State. Mr. Mohun was formerly Consul at Zanzibar. It is not known yet what purpose thU new line is to serve. But it may safely be surmised that it is but a link in soma larger enterprise. Mr. W H Cavendish is already in Africa at the head of an expedition to carry the line northward. No doubt he will reach the point from which the Belgian lind starts, 30 that In two years from now, if all goes well, the Cape will have telegraphic connection with Stanley Falles that is, the Cape-to-Cairo line v;ll stretch more than half the length of Africa. But the wire already runs from Cairo to the present headquarters of the AngloBgyptian army on the Atbara. It will be at Khartum within a period which may aimost be measured by weeks. If any force pushes on beyond Omdurman, it will take the wire with it. and when the two years are completed, the gap between the end of the line coming south from Cairo and the end of that running north from Cape Town will bd much less than the distance from Khartum to Stanley Fall. St. .Limo' Budget. Good Horse Sonso. Pin- Mexican burros ascertain where to dig for water by closely observing th surface of the ground. One observer writes: "We had found water in an arroya of a sufficient quantity to make coffee, when we saw three burros searching for water. They passed several damp places, examining the ground closely, when the leader halted near us and began to paw a hole in the hot, dry sand. Having dug a hole something over a foot in depth, he backed out and watched it Intently. To our surprise, it Boon began to llll with water Theu he advanced, took a drink, and stepped aside for his companions to drink. When they wont away, we drank from their v. ! and found the water to be much cooler than any we had found for many a day. There is no witchcraft about Mexican burros, but they have good horse rense."

y Hi

MASONIC. PLYMOUTH KILW LODGE, No. 149, F. tr.eets first and third nlnors of each morr McDonald,W.M. Fol Sec. PLYMOUTH CHA1 4 y, R. A. M. ; meet dav evening of each Southworth H. P. Sec. 1 n I y -v;or., o; PLYMOUTH COMMANDER Y, No 26 K. T.; meets secondhand fourth Thursday of each month D McDonald E. C.; UTannerRec PLYMOUTH CHAPTER, No 26, O. E. S.; tr.eets rlrst ami third Tuesdays of each month. Mrs Mary L. Thaver Y. M.Mrs. G Aspinall. Sec ODD FELLOWS. AMERICUS LODGE, No. 91, meets everv Thursday evening at their Iodise rooms on Michigan st. Ed Campbell N. G. Chas. S nearer Sec KNIGHTS OF PYTrllAS. HYPERION LODGE, No. 117 meets everv Monday night in Castle Hall. Lou Allman C.C Chas. S. Price K. of R. and FORESTERS. PLYMOUTH COURT, Xo. 499; meets the second and fourth r ricTsy evenings f each month, in K. of P. hall. Elmer Weruta C. R Daniel Cramer bee. HYPERION TEMPLE RATHBONE SISTERS, meets first and third Friday of each month Mrs J. G. Davis, Mrs. Rem Armstrong K. O. T. M. PLYMOUTH TENT, No. 27; meets everv Tuesday evening at K. O. T. M. hall. Dan.Jacoby, Com. James Hoffman, Record Keeper. L. O. T. M. WIDE AWAKE HIVE, No. 67; meets everv Monday night at K. O. T. M. hall on Michigan street. Mrs. Flora J. Ellis, Commander. Bessie Wilkinson, Record Keeper. HIVE NO. 2S; meets every Wednesday evening in K. O. T. M. hall. Mrs. Maggie Fogle. Con;., Alma E. Lawrence, Record Keeper. ROYAL ARCANUM. Meets first and third ; Wednesday evening of each month in Simon's hall. Moses M. Lauer, Regent. Francis McCrorv, Sec. WOODMEN OF THE W0RL D Meets first and third Wednesday eveningrs of each month in K.of P. hall. C. M. Kasper, C. C. Joe Eich, Clerk G. A. R. MILES H. TIBBETS POST, G. A. R; meets every first and third Monday evenings in Simon hail Dvvight L, Dickerson Com,. Charlie Wilcox, Adjt. SONS OF VETERANS. Meets every second and fourth Fri day evenings in G. A. R. hall J. A. Shunk, Captain. Cora B. North, ist Lieut. CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Preaching at 10:3'. a m. and 7 p. m Sabbath school at noon. Junior Endeavor at 4 p. m. Senior Endeavor at 6 p. m. Prayer meeting every Thursday evening. Teacher's meeting :m mediately following. Kev. Thornberry. Paatof METHODIST, Class meeting ev?ry Sunday morning at 90 o'clock Preaching at 10:3" a. m.. and 7 JO p m Sunday school at 12 m. Epwortr. league at 1 ":3Ö p. m. Prayer meeting every Thursday evening at 7:00p, m. L. . Smith, pastor. .1 W. Wiltfong, class leader. I. FraDk Redd, Sabbath school superintendent. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL St Thomae' church. Rev. Wm. Wirt Ray mond, rector. Sunday services. 10:30 a m., 7:30 p. ra. Sunday service, at noon. Services Wednesday evening? at 7:30. Communion on holy days at 10 a. m. CHURCH OF GOD-Garro and Water sis. Regular services 10 JO a. m. each Sunday. Third Sunday in each month preaching by J. L. Wince; fourth Sunday by H. V. Reed. 10:30 Sunday morning and 7:30 Sunday evening. Sunday school at 12 o'clock; Eva RaUaback Snpt. Prayer meeting j at 7:3u each Thursday exenmg. UNITED BRET HERN -Sunday P:3( a. m., class meeting. 10:30 3 m and 7 JO p, m., preaching by the pastor It 90 a ro., unday School. (jfJO p m Junior Y P. C. P. meeting. 8 300 p. m.. Senior Y P C U. meeting. A cordia1 Invitation is extended to the public. CATHOLIC CHURCH- Church is held on Sundays a follows: First mass At 7 JO a. m., second mass at 10 a m Vespers at 3 p. m. Week day mass at 7:45 Father Moench past r ARE YOU ALIVE To the fact that all laCCSMfUl lns meo credit their 9iiC"e.8 to tho liberal ue of Printer' Why aotproQt bj their exptrienc?