Marshall County Democrat, Volume 1, Number 10, Plymouth, Marshall County, 17 January 1856 — Page 2

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T. McDONALD, Editor. PLYMOUTH, IND. Thursday Morning, Jan., 17, 1S56. DEMOCRATIC NOMINATIONS. For Governor, Ashbel P. "NVillard, of "White For Lieut. Governor, Jons C. Walker, of Laporte. For Secretary of State, Daniel McCixre, of Morgan For Auditor of Slate, John W. Dopd, of Grant. For Treasurer of Slate, Aquilla Joxks, of Bartholomew. For Attorney General, Jos. E. McDonald, of Montgomery. For Superintendent of Public Instruction, William C. Larrabee, of Putnam. For Clerk of Supreme Clerk, William B. Beach, of Boone. Reporter of Decisions of Supreme Court, Gordon Tanner, of Jackson. Congressional. Jan. 12. 105th ballotBanks, 94: Richardson, GO; Fuller 34; Pennington, 7, necessary to a choice, 104. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. There seems to be a diversity of opinions among the fusionists of the country in refrenceto the propriety of the President I , n ,,. . , if sendin" his message to Congress betöre the . . Lower House was organized. Greelv armies that the President was riht in so doing; one month, after the meeting of Congress, he thinks was long enough for the President to withhold the message, under the peculiar situation of our foreign relations. Others argue that the act has no parallel in the annals of history, and come down on the President in no very mild terms. We look for the fusion Press, except those which had committed themselves before Greely spoke out in the subject, to follow in his wake and justify the course the President, in his wisdom, has seen proper to pursue. It is not expected that the fusion Press of the 'ninth' will censure the President for sending his message when the House was in a chaotic state, for the very irood reason that Greelv justines tue x ramenc m so uoiug, anu iie , 1?.- xl . V. "J X 1 - 1 .1 . take their cue from him, we shall expect them to foil in with Greelv, or remain si lent. Loafers, take Notice. For the past few wceks.v o have been annoyed beyond all peaceful endurance, by boys loafering in our office. We like to have our friends come and see us, but we do not like bovs to come in and pi type, make a noise, 'entertain the Devils read manuscript copy, carry of 1 proof sheets, &c. Bvwav of warning", wc would advise those j rv-. .11 tuse juvenile knowledge seek - ers not to follow the above routine any longer, as it may bring them to a disagreeable proximity to boot-leather. The amount of Job Work wc have done for a few weeks past is evidence to us that our work and prices are satisfactory. We have now got our material so arranged that we arc prepared to do all kinds of Job Printing in a better style than any other office in this part of the State. Call and see specimens, and prices. Harper's Maqazixk. We have received the December and January Nos. of Harper's Magazine. They evince talent in the compilation of original m.v.ter, and good taste in their artistic appearance. Published by Harper & lirother, New York, at three dollars a year; two copies for five dollars, five copies for ten dollars. The Northern Indiaxian is the cognomen of a new advocate of modern republicanism in Kosciusko County. Published at Warsaw, Geo. D. Copeland Editor. The first number makes a good appearance, and looks as though it was destined to thrive. May it be successful pecuniarily but not politically. Those wishing to purchase or sell lands would dö well to consult the advertisement of Daniel Brown in this paper. The Rochester Flay has changed hands again. It is now under the Editorial charge of D. R. Pershing, its founder. liy-the-way, that man 'who had the identical bottle of Brandy that the weather got tight on,' got it filled at Rochester (?) and it friz(?), hence, weather moderating. J&r Common Pleas Court commences next monday. Convention. The State Sentinel represents the Convention of the 8th inst as the largest that ever assembled at Indianapolis. Harmony and good feeling prevailed during the entire deliberations; many were disappointed no doubt, in not being the favored individuals; but one thing should console them, that is, that there were others whom the Convention considered under all the circniMtances, to be better men to bo put in nomination, than those who were left out for the present. Every man has his friends and every county has its favorite, and a great many must necessarily be disappointed, but at the same time, if the convention has been conducted fairly all will cheerfully acquiesce in the will of (he majority and use their best exertions for the success of the whole ticket. Some two or three of thoso who were nominated were not our first choice, but we regard them as national men standing right on the 'record worthy of

the support of every Union loving man in the State. The following brief notice of the nominees of the convention we clip from the Sentinel. ASHBEL P. WILLARD was nominated for Governor by a large majority; and the unanimity and the enthusiasm with which the nomination was received is a sufficient indication of the place he holds in the hearts of the people. His eloquent voice has often been heard in every portion of the State in defense of the principles and measures of the Demecratic party, and we predict that before the second Tuesday in October he will give Ins friends reason to bo proud of their chief. Knowing him in-

j timately and thoroughly, in all the relations Ol IllC, 4.3 DVT III Hl V lit UU, - .WJHH. the Democracy of Indiana that no trust reposed in him "will be violated no conlidence betrayed. It is due to the Hon. John L. Robinson to say that his magnanimity in withdraw-i mg Irom the contest lor tue uuoernatonai nomination, in connection with which his name had been warmly urged by many friends in various portions of the State, is worthy of all praise, and proves that lie i

values the union and harmony of the Dem-.of

ocratic party of more importance than the 3. We are in fivoar of religious tolergratification of any personal ambition. jation, as the founders of our republican inCol. JOHN C. WALKER, the nominee j stitutions achieved and understood it, and for Lieutenant Governor, is a name famil-' secured its enjoyments by constitutional iar to the Democracy of Indiana. He has J guaranties: and we declare that it ought to served as a member of the State Legislature, ! be maintained free from invasion either by was for a considerable period editor of the j means of legislative interference, or the Laporte Republican Times, and more re-; equally tyrannical proscription of po-litical

! cently of the State Sentinel, in all which ! capacities he proved himself equal to the task set before him. lie is admirably quali , - e itied bv his talents and his experience for xpe; the duties of the office for which he has been nomina ed. Tho Democrats of Indiana, and the Fusionists, too, will hear from him before the ides ot October. DANIEL McCLURE, of Morgan, for Secretary of State, is a name not so familiar as the two preceding, but those who know him best are his most ardent friends. He didat thou Know conttibu cv c;i nominee Democrat, a gentleman of untiring energy, and of line business qualifications. The Democracy will extend to him a cordial support, A QUILL A JONES, of Bartholomew, ; the candidate for Treasurer of State, is a rontlcman knowu Ju Centeral Indiana. He h as served faithfully and ably as a mem - oer oi tne legislature, nas long oeen an active and influential Democrat iu his coun ty, and in all the relations of life has sus -j f lined an unbh,mished reputation for integritv and high moral worth Of Prof. LARKAIJEK, the nominee fr! Superintendent of Public Instruction, it is scarcely necessary for us to speak. He has be lore held the othce to which he has been ! nominated, and discharged his duties with j fidelity. No officer ever labored with more assiduity than Prof. L., and his nomination, t lois nine, snow s me csiimaiiou in iiicu 1 . , ,, , . ,v nc is neui oy tne JLeniocracy. The nomination of JOSEPH E. McDONALD, for Attorney General, will give general satisfaction to the Democracy of the State. Mr. McD. is a lawyer of ability and standing, ami will, if elected, discharge tho duties of the office to which he is nominated in a satisfactory maimer.

made a bold and manly light as a can- tum ot the allairs ol Lliurcli and btate, cs- i,,, (i,. f.w.iiit.oi ti,.. ! tu f,;,-.,, .i,.?.,. ...i,-.- n ! sn,o year &!,uin73. ha.in- a dehvicnev of si.-: u 1,1 l,K I),0P0S,ll0 wincli IJcnmark

or the Mate Ornate m ICo J. and al-, s.ntial to orevent that union of the two. i -- . . i i . i ls t !... ntN.v f,,r a submitted to the L nited States th.-o ih..

, i . i l . 4i i f' ii i i ii t Jevvni" volunteer reinforcem'iits iu the aim oi uaiuain rniitu, consists ot t he . ' v.. . . gh then beaten down by tl.e hl of, which expenencc.has shown to be p -rni-1 l . J "' y Jlma ""m.ut in i'o , , . i.n.Mw, ii,i.. .t t..;, Kcf.,,, u nui, ma.ie to ,he fact that th. ! convention is to act unon the o,stt., L

Xothingism and Abolitionism, he ; cJous to both, and the worst form of Tvr- ! 1 ilellic Dcpattmeilt, lor tho purpose ot ! , , . T , "" Tl 1...... t'l .7 ! Collins line of Rt-amers receives from rovermnent ! .,t?v. th.. vc....l .1 ...... :.. : ... .....

. I ,. 4 . 1, . .1 i !,.., , . mu. Uli - jri.niiiiiii. im; .-.'"p .UUII'MI, IC" : " - Ml "-OUIICAlOll Willi .ed much ton aids exposing the ( nanv. ; chastisinr the sava---s on that coast, is :i ' . 1 . 1 i , r 1 , ciiii i,t,r,.(r.,;, ,.1,;:,, iw.;.!. ! , . .

., . , e .1 ii- iv 7. t i m.i . . . ' eemi a -.i:iene:i i trie -viricau sfiuaoi'or. , i v ..... ....... .t, ! t he svs'em of ihe Furone-in bil-in. r.f til tendencies of theisms. His tiuahh- Resofced. Ihat whi e w are in f.tvoi-oi , .1. .t a. ...i;... . . i iT., ...i i. f .. mm ! ..,,,.,, t,,;.'. ti.o (.,.:,.-.i n,,.. z-tu; too r.,r mv. i ulL c'UTi,TH m ualaiKe oliww-

, - -I --- - i uv.i"ii lin.il ill"; k.. v. n. i.ii nil mil -3 i"':.lS IKHil I OllUi III 11" I iiS III ' M' 1 W I 1 II V. 1 lie ' - ' ' " T .1 i i , itions arc of the hi-hest ord.-r. Sobrietv and Temooranee and of all nmn- ! .. .... .V. ... !,.....,.,;..-,! i.:i. :.. ! fi. p..,o.. er- It more than intimated that the former

r TAtiv w iinnn c fr,t J r 1 ; 1 -cido, prelerrmg to leave it to the milita- siae traue somn oi in-.- jviuator lias been j ' .mu,, ,T,U Ifen. i. UUUD, ot Orant, the , Cr means for the promotion of these virtues, 1 . i broken un. ; General is amply suilici.-nt. Measures have b,m i ls to subjrdinated to the latter. Of the

lor Auditor oi Mate is a sound we arc unconditionally opposed to the Pro- V "'"'' i"1""'1'- Ml. ,;. , .., ,,..-entlv taken t. lav lu-fore the Mtxic.,,. Vovem-' utility or wisdom of ih r,..i;r;,,.,i ,i ..r

GORDON TANNER, the nominee forjej ;imlet pending contest for the organi-

l"K'i oi iue iHM i-sioiis oi mo .supreme Court, is a young gentleman highly estemed by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. IJe is of good Dnieocnitic stock, and will make a faithful officer. WM. II. REACH, for Clerk of the S.ipreme Court is the present incumbent, and

nas iaiiniuiiy discharged the duties ot his.toj anj discordant have deserved well of

oince. tie is a pleasmg speaker, and will do good service in behalf of correct princi ples. NOMINATIONS. The following brief summary of the proceedings of the Convention of the 8th inst., we compile from our exchanges. Hon. John L. Itobinson, of Hush County, was chosen President. After going through the regular routine of business, the following persons on the last ballotting, received the number of votes opposite their names, and those receiving the greatest number, were declared to be tho unanimous choice of the convention. G. N. Fitch of Cass County, and Alvin P. I lovey of Posey County, were chosen Electors for the State at large. Orpheus Everts of La Porte County, was chosen Elector for the ninth district. A. A. Whitlock of St. Joseph County,! and M. O. lloss of Miami County, were chosei. Delegates to tho National Convention, for the ninth district. For Gore r nor Ashbel P. Willard John W. Davis, For Lieutenant Governor. Col. John C. Walker, Hobe r I Lowry, Secretary of State. Nathaniel Mc CI tire, John II. Hall Charles Jtaymond, Auditor ff State. Gen. John W. Dodd, Col. A. P. Richardson, Treasurer of State. Aquilla Jones A. F. Cunningham Dr.E. Newland Attorney General, Joseph E, McDonald James Morrison "G7 -15 293 1C1 218 111 1U5 201 108 218 140 Ü5 277 179 Superintendent Public Instruction. W. C. Larrabee, 333 John W. Spencer, 123 Clerk of the Supreme Court. Wm. 13. Beach, John O. Ross, Reporter of Supreme Court. Gordon Tanner, James IJ. Merriwether 379 70 207 201 Tho Committee on Resolutions, through their Chairman, Judge Hughs, made the following report: Whereas, The time ia near at hand when the people of Indiana will be called upon to

indicate by an expression at the ballot box the measures and policy which they approve, and wish to be executed in the administration of their government. Resolved, That the Democratic party of the Slate, here in convention assembled, confromity with established usage, and with a firm reliance on the virtue and intelligence of the people, submit the following declaration of principles. 1. We approve the principles of the compromise measures of 1C50, and their application as embodied in the Kansas Nebrasba bill, and will fathfully maintain them. 2. We recognize the great body of the people as the only tribunal for the decision of questions affecting their government, both as to men and measures; and appeals

I to their reason and patriotism as the legit imate means of lntluencing their action; and we utterly condemn all associations and combinations for political purposes lornied to govern them by oaths and obligations, or other compulsory means, or to impair Hie exercise ol tree will ana mue pendent judgment among them. And we hold in abhorrence all secret political orders and organizations, deeming them dangerous to the stability of government and the rights the people. parties, founded on bigotry and ideas of intolerence. 4. While we esteem it the duty of government to luster ana protect, religion without invibious preferences, leaving all free to choose among denomination according to their consciences; and while we esteem it a part of true religion, under every form, to render allegiance and due support to government recognizing the constitution as the supreme law in all temporal and political concerns; we hold the separate adimnistra hibitory Liquor Law parsed at ! sion of" the General Assembly ( the last sosof this State. I and ;o anv enactment embodying the opj pressive and arbitrary provisions of that law. 6. i -That our naturalization laws, our ienublican institutions, our marvelous L'iowth 1 in national rreatnes.s and the happiness of t our people, have been and arc irrcsisntj'e inducements and invitations to the inhabi-1 . 4 f, e l i l . i . . f-intc ot lsvi t iOI(Ml eiiuls tit oe-ntt. ..m.l j uiiiw 'i r. w- '.-.v'..v.ii4Zes of ours; and that p ist experience, jus - lice, sound policy national pi id.. all con - cur to f ivor the continuance of our present naturalization laws; that if anv abuses have grown up under these laws, they have sTirun" from their nvmerfi-ct i eeuti!n .ihm. and not from inherent defects in the hws themselves, and that we are in favor of tha!

pouc which ui sooucsi nssuuuaic nai- i oe uivKicu, nor siiouid loot Oe subilivuled, j ,as been c in ed t.u with sitifie orv re- "l v'1 '1"' , , . , . . iralie.l eitiens will, the ,n of r. ru 1 , i I .1. " y u , j, ,.,, Ve.s-,v jotherwh.cn the Danish government

.1 : ...l. : ..1. : II t . i i i i i , ii .. . i i i i i .1 ' I ii i . I. i i-1... n- I .. ! i . !.-. M t . r I I' . ii..c

, " " " into arimerv aim uuauirv, or inoumeu men i suns. i no account i mis ( x icdi.i on is j ,r . ,r ,. : -i , , , people, and optiosed to that unti-Amer- . . , 1 ,1... , c .1. . t. .. ... ! Jlr. Jlarcy to Mr. hedit,ter. i sidei s essential, namelv: that the atlair

1 Mi-i 1 i- i , ., i lilio (I 1 00 l.i atiO cavailV. tn mt inn-ii-.simi 0.01 i u:e lepoi,. .v . . 1 lean and illiberal p;!icy whudi proscnbes! f. - The l'acilic S,ua lnn is composed of ,,. 1tmk.nt or .Statk , j question, ( the Sound dues) be not com the fore m bom citzen for the ro-,.;.!..,,! ..f! 2. Ohicers no longer capablcof perform- . . r. , ,1 , ' , W asuixoto.v, Nov. 3, 1055. 1 it. ...... r ' . .

. . , . , . .. . , : " 1 . ,. , . , ; , in? nigate in i pena":iee, 11 . sioons ; . ' 1 - i eonuueicc or money, out

mrin, ana drives 111111 m seit aelence to an- ing acuve uuiy siiouid on lviiivu n-oni tno r , , , n.(..lt,lt. 1 .i, i Sitt: I pro.ve 1 to communicate the... . . ... .

tagonisin with our native born citizenstniserv.ee, but the rales of compensation

leiiu.g pomieai opinion- ami conuuer. T 'IM...1 ...11.... 1 1 . t 1 i . t. a ii.ii. uic gaiKint uauu oi uemocrais in Congress, who, throughout the protroett i i, .i i . ,f 1 1... 1 I. .ii . .f I f . t .r.. . . .. t .. 1 1 . . ... I... . so nobly illustrated the National character of the democratic party, by their unanimous n I li..r . 11 . ... fit i' T111 ri til. .c li.iiiii.iM.i.... . , "M'-- v-a -" adherence to its jinnciplcs, maintaining alone an unbroken front while the fictions of the opposition, destitute of a c ommon j principle to bind them together, are disuni their country, and rendered the most cm phatio testimony to the excellence of their political creed that our sympathies are with them, and that wo look to them with proud confidence to mQ'tam unsullied the honor of their country, and to surrender nothing for a coalition with factions opposed to envil and religious liberty, and to the constitution of their country. 8. That the Democracy of Indiana have undiminished confidence in the Hon. Jesse D. Uright, our Senator iu Congress, and while we are ready cheerfully and enthusiastically to support for the Presidency in the approaching election whoever may be selected as the candidate for that office by the Democratic National Convention, from whatever quarter of the Union he may come, if the north-west is honored with that distinction, Ave present the name of the lion. Jesse I). Bright to that Convention, and to the Democracy of the Union, as a suitable candidate, and one whom the Democracy of Indiana would delight to honor. 9. That we approve of the adniinistra-J tioii of the State Government by His Excellency Joseph A. Wright, and that Iiis integrity, ability, and executive talents have fully met the expectations of the democratic party of Indiana, and won for him increased confidence and gratitude from the people. 10. That the Democracy of Indiana, assert as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States arc involvved, that the American Continent; by the free and independent condition which it occupies, H not to be considered subjects of colonization by any European Powers, and that they cordially endorse the position taken by President Pierce iu his late message to Congress on that subject. Resolved, Thai if a Minister of any for eign Government, accredited to our National Government, has directly or indirectly enlisted or aided in the enlistment, within the United States, of any jmtsoii to serve as a soldier in a foreign war, such Minister lias violated the well known International Law as well as our Municipal Law; and if his government does not make prompt and ample reparation on demand, it is the duty of our government lo dismiss such minuter. A frightful accidentoccui red on the Hudson River Railroad, on the 9th inst. One train was detained by a defect in the track; another train, running on time run into it, smashing two cars, killing three persons, and seriously wounding twenty-three others.

ABSTRACTS OF OFFICIAL REPORTS. Report of the Secretary of War. The actual strength of the army is 15,752 officers and men. The authorized force is 17,CG7. The recruiting service is progressing satisfactorily, and it is believed that in a few months the disparity will be overcome. Enlistments to the number of 10,54G were made during the year ending Sept. 30, but this was not the whole number who desired to win glory, fighting under the banner of Uncle Sam for there

were upwards of 20,000 persons who ottered to enlist, and were refused in consequence of minority and general unfitness for service. Casualties amounted to 5,500. It is lamented, as a growing evil, that applications for the discharge of minors are so frequent; the infants who are released, subject the government to a serious bill of expense. The Secretary recommends that tho contract should be made binding in every case where deception has been employed and a modification of the existing law is called for. The troops retain the same general distribution; four additional regiments have been organized. The cavalry companies which were sent against the Sioux have gone into winter quarters at Fort Leavenworth, and will be in position for operations in the spring. The Gth infantry checks the Indians on the Oregon route. All intercourse with the Florida Seminoms has been strictly prohibited. Efforts arc in progress for their removal from the Florida country. The troops have explored the region, have opened roads, and have arrived at sources of accurate information respecting the territory now in possession f the Indians, so that future gallantry of the troops in the Indian cam paigns of the year is spoken of in terms of i high praise; but the unusual extent of oper ations has caused large expenditures, which hav e oxcceuci ded the appropriation; ! In order to preserve the elhciency ol the armv several measures re yu'esieil i. :z. i t i .i . ,i i 1. It is essential that there be a revision A.. , f I . 1 f . I;lWS r,:ll!at,"or r;lI,k aiul '-niand. ! The right of command should f.. How rank bv one certain rule; officers holding gener alconimissions should not be jtlaced at once th,. ,m- , opI)orluIlitv to ac 1 11 huin' l,r:ictk,;l1 mUkay knowledge; troops .! equipped for the same service should not i Uhould be increasud, and the laws respect 1 ing allowance undergo revi-ioii. 4 i .1 1 '?t I iiw ivi'iti iiir ri'M' iS r-itit' nid fih - "- r-v j should be extended to all enlisted men. Au i,icrea.se of the Medical Corps is I 4 recommerded. o. Five more military storekeepers arc needed in the Quartermaster General's Department. o. The. prohibition of the purchase of 'lands for military posts causes 'embarrass ment, and should be removed. Useless sites require to be sold. The Secretary enlarges upon thcae points, and presses them earnestly. A considerable proportion of them are his recommendations of last year. The anticipations entertained, at the lime of the establishment of tho Jfilitart Asylum, have not been fulfilled. The average costof maintainingeach inmate is 6500. It is too much and a reduction is necessary. The number of men received in four years is 287; cost, so far, 371, 197. The new buildings near Washington willaceommodate 150 men. The branch of tho Asylum at East Pascagoula, Miss., is discon tinued, and similar action is recommended iu reference to the branch at llarrodsburg. The camels and dromedaries which were ordered from tho East will arrive in February. These animals have been found useful in tho Crimea, and will be employed iu military service here. A new Professorship of Ethics, and sundry other improvements at West Point, are recommended. Proper attention to the coast defences is very important, particularly the fortification of Ship Island, as connected with the defence of the approaches to Now Orleans, and the command of the inner channel of communication between the Mississippi River and Mobile Harbor. The entrance of the Columbia Rier should also be fortified. Appropriations arc asked for the erection of arsenals in Texas, New Mexico, and on the North Pacific coast. New modids for all small arms have been adopted, , . . . . embracing the late improvements. A new pistol, wilh increased length of barrel, and capable of instantaneous change into a car - bine, is particularly noticed. The work upon tho military roads has made satisf ctory progress. The Kiuvey of tl c north-western lakes has been prosecuted with energy. The snag-boats on the western livers have been sold. The Pacific Railroad Kxpeditions have been successfully completed. It is decided that tho most practicable and economical

1 T - - -li& . II IIMIUlt .1 lll' I I IV 1 I III I f I I IO III .O.

route is that of the 32 deg. parallel. The . o I Colorado Desert is notjunsusoeptible of culture. The Secretary is quite favorable to this route, setting forth its advantages in glaring colors. The practicability of sinking Artesian wells alonr the route was tested. The contributions to physical science included in the results of these surveys ate exceedingly valuable. The final portion of the report is an elaborate consideration of the military defenccs of our Pacific territory. It is argued that a railroad to the Pacilic is indispensable, for the reason that it will be the only means of throwing relief into the Pacific country, in case of any co'lision with a

maritime Power, and our Xavv bein" inadequate to the convoy of the necessary number of store-ships. A railroad communication is not only likely to be a navin"' enterprise, but will have the effect of fortifying the western coast against attacks from abroad. -No frtrongcr ground in favor

. j ear eiKi.iig .join june ir., win oe ni..).;.),o . of a Pacific Road has been taken by any j Thegros revenue for 11, after deducting foreign party not diree ly concerned in the specu- balances, amounted to soli;,fi."il J1, making a deflation, than that which is assumed by Mr. ! forence in favor of lf."3 of .;." is,.") 1!) 10. The exSecretary Davis. j cess of expenditure for 1 ".".") o er that of 101 is ! m j .$0,020,)0 1 G. This excess is attributed partly to Report of the Secretary of the Navy, j11'0 incroae iu compensation to i)ostmastcrs and , clerks of oHice, and partly to the increase of cxjkmi-

The Home Sipiadron, commanded bv j ,litures for tlM,,?IH,rt;ltU,n ing to the great extenCaptain Paulding, consists of the. frigate i si"nof raihaad service. The condition of the de-

Potomac, the sloops Cyane and Saratoga. and the steamer Fulton. The Columbia -Li nt v:. ' PK.. ...... " :..n: has b-en had of the long-mising s1om A l - ban v, which has been ,riven upas l.it. Tlw JJraziI Squadron consists of the fn.r. iiiw o.i iuiu.tii, ;miani rsanei: lue sloon W?... 1. . 1. . , Germantown, and the brig Bainbridge; tl.e Secretary remarks that these vessels have Iwen ir.dimtiioiKlv' ..rnuin. 1 -.-.! 1?!,. de Janeiioand Montevideo;" but, as there has been no special necessity for a souad- I j roil there during the past twenty years, j ed by Captain lireoze, consists of the frigate I ongress, the .Voanier raranac, the looi) Consteliati.!!, and tho storeship Supnlv. Not hin h.as hc.-a il.nn. in ih. f,. a i. terrauean. The East India squadron, under the command of Captain Abbot, consists of the

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' ,i r i p .Macedonian, the steamer iWhattan, the sloop Vandalia and the storeship J. ; i l mm im T Kennedy. Ihe civil war 1:1 C lima has aff,rded some enpLvment for our ess.-U in the last. The Se;-:vMvv ivcomm-nds j j,, rccoinineu'is er , is t hIiL draft g one or two stMm tonaMga.ethe Chinese livers, ihe "icam - er Kin Jaemto sailed fr. m New V ork m I October to relieve the Macedonian, whose f lllit llf liO rf V- ! t l f iOH.l-..f ..I iiiiv, vui inn vaimujv. i lit; nm u'v n Uehnng's Straits and the North Pacific,!; . Hcamer iMnssachu setts, tiie slojp W arren, m . . . and tne ship I re. loan. 1 ,io stiua.lrou is under the command ol C :ip:aia Mei viae. ; The Michigan steamer has been us"f.illv ! enmlove.l m i!i. m.i-..r !-il. o . . . .. Like all Ins nivaeces.;s, the tvcre!arv j earnestly recommends an lucre ise of ihe j Xavv, and particularly a:i addi-.iou of steam- . . . Navy, and pariicularlvan : iiddi. louofsu-am-wi,;.i f.. 1.' 1 o" c 1 . v ship:, ot a ugh. draft 01 ua'.er. A giva, naval f.rce, the S-cretarv hin.s, crinnot bei improvised bv the tap of .he drum, like a I

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1 Mill 1 I 1 Uli I I.L ' I 1.1 I Mil .. I.II I I' l..l'.- . . . .

- - uiiuiuutive 10 contend wun mat oiany respectable jiower, and t(o fevble to protect . . 1 1 rti een our own ii.uoors. 1 nc a"r,rre"'i ."--' .- "

'Teat armv I le considers our n-ivv loo Miem uisposnion 10 .sustain ana strengt hen 1 n.u limn, in 1-o.isnK 1 0111 n.nv 100, 1 , I . . I ".1 . . 1.1. 11. ..11 4-. 1 .i

tonnage of the United States, in IIW2, was : , . , '. . . .'. 1 oio oo . . 1' .1 i- 1 i able manner slioul I he regardcil as an indi1,'J -19,99 tons, ror the year ending June j 00, ICoo, it was 5,212,000 10-9o, and one c'ati"M of Jisrcsp-ft for Denmark, ora want sea coast is now greatly ineicascd in ex- 'of a proper appreciation id her friendship, tent, and the damage which might be ef-j The exactions on foreign commerce at Infected by a respectable enemy in six months j mi-ance into the Riltic have been a irowould greatly exceed the cost of a navy I , . e Ä 14 . 1 , sufficient to protect our commerce efficient'-1 lIu,v0 u f revenue to Denmark, and ly. The (picätiou of an increase of the na- j !t is vor.v that she should struggle vy the Secretary regards as one of peace j to retain it. If these exactions were foil 11-

ralher than ol war. 1 lie .Vcietarv enlarges at great length 4l . .? 0 , . . , upon the apprenticeship system, which he has adopted as a means of furnishing a re - liable body of seamen for the navy, and gives the testimony of officers in its favor, rni 1 - a . . . 1 lie old aristocratic plan, which has result - ed in the state of affairs which rendered the" action of the Navy Retiring Board neeessary, is to be continued, and the Secretary adopts the old plan (which has worked so badly) of educating men to be common sailors, without the hope or prospect of bettering their condition by good behav ior. ni Ihe estimated expenses of the Depart ment for the ensuing j-ear. is 813,52 -1,505-37, which is less by nearly 3,000,000, than the estimates of the last fiscal year. Report of the Postmaster General. The report shows a net increase of HWjiostoflices during the year ending ."lOlh of June, lsf5 the whole number of olluvs at that date being 2-1.-1 h, ami on Ihe .'iOthof No vember,4.. 1,170. On the .lOth of June last there were 7,0.1 mail routes, at an estimated length of 277,!MS miles. The total annual transportation of mails was (7, f 'U ,li(", miles, costing $5,3-l.V!.'IH. Compared w 1th the .or ice of tho year previous, there is an increase of :?,ol7 ,02." miles of traiisjNirtatioii, or of about ii'.; per cent., and of fSii7..2l cost, or about 14 1 10!) per cent The increase by railroad service i .t,lS.'h !.' mile; y modes not specified, .V",1 ' ' miies while the transportation by coadics U lesly 2,.'e.",r-2s miles, and by steamboat l,!n.",w. This change result I - . ... . ..un ,11 in ill ill, i II) HI II V juulhom ai)(l wt,s(crn 8tat(JJ an,, Tvn.itnri;s. 0u j the yoth of Juno last there were in service Ml1.) route 1 gents at a compensation of -2:-:,i70 ci-ioi); 2'J lll.lllllv I'l l 1111 till' ri'll'llllirr tf ....i.l. ....to ... ..... ..('.I... local agents at ST.),; and 1S1 mail messengers at $100, 471 G.", making a total of $"5 1,!I70 .'JO tobe added to the cost of transportation. This makes the total amount for tho current j car, .",Kt J9 ;;ot which w ill probably be increased to $(;,000,00() ty now services and route. The cost if foreign mail services, not included here, amounts to $611,407. The Postmaster (Jencral states that, on the 3d of April last, he concluded a contract with Mr. J. I Joy, to convey the mails from Cairo to New Orleans and back, daily, he having full powers to negotiate

such contract on behalf of Hie Illinois Central Railroad; but though the latter used every exertion to comply with their c-iiicrnent, they tailed to do so from the high price demanded of them by the owners of the boats on the lice, and the route was accordingly advertised for reletting. The new distribution schemes have lcen completed, and each distributing ollicehas now alphabetical lists of all the counties in all theStatosex-

I j. i ..i:r T i .1... !... I ci'ja Vaiiiunuu. in ueeuru;im.t- mihi un. u-i ' 1 . Confess, suitable measures have been adonf ed to put in operation the new system of registering valuable letters, but it has not been suflieiently long in operation to be able to form a just estimate of the seccess of the plan. The Postmaster (I encr.il lias, J liowevcr, found abundant proofs of its usefulness, and of the necessity ofbringing it to perfection. Tho expenditures of the Department for the last t fiscal vear amount to $!,t-6,i;312 an,j t)C rrSs revcn" derived from postages (inland and foreign) are yt,-i.iou i.i, yviucii, auumg ine annual ajprojri:tiotis made in compensation of mail service to the government, by the acts of 'M .March and TU j March lt-51. amount to i7," ri,i:iG 13. Deducting the balance against the United -States, due t. for - eign powers, for postal accounts, from the above, .... ,1 i- r .. I ... ...n.,. . . r:ulm, m P"st, hw tnatti.e rates nxeu i.yiac ! iu t of :M M XYvh wiU Ilot ( n:i!,k' tll Depart- j i ment to sustain itsflfbv its own resources. ! Another cause of this excess of expenditures is attributed to the letters an 1 documents can-id free ; ""ir-e i.r memocrs i confess ana oiners, ana io me immense amount oi priuteu matter conveveu r - , at 1nv raU"- The l,,,s,mils,(,r thinks that t,,c "t-tiou offiftj percent for advance payment ! on newspapers is wholly without justification. He ! also roiiinieiuls that pre payment by stamps be mate compulsory on all kinds of matter. The ex - i at Jsin.llKhtivM, and the means available for the! j ,lf'"t proposals on the subject of a postal cum ention. I lie nj)oit alluues at some length to the i last report of the Postm istor General ofCrcat Iiiit- . a;:i, and com-Iudes bv cUnreciatiiiir the denunciation j "1 e Pepartmeut lor mistake, carelessness or ' 'gh-ct instead of advi.-in it of the wnmg commitj tc1 1 leaving it to apply the remedy. -n"-' pnin-.- -rrmT, -r.-,- . Pivux - iUluJ!J aa ja .iw., ! rM K"lVu ! . v" v -...v i , ,. , , - , , . : luibhshcs tho correspondence between our ; 1 . , t. ' M , go ernment and that ot Denmark re.-;--r-.r ... c , ,v- , , i , .. . ,r 1 1 , . i I .... . . . .x. Al.....- 1... ...i ""V." . i t.. me .....,.- t.;i .in ..ii.ii-i;i a-j v ojc. ioi.i ;i, i.i-s.i ui r.iug . t I 1 . .1 m 1 I ha l-il ml' lo lil-.k no tir Ait I do o.t..pni.Oii f , V." . Ilk ! 1 1 4 j l'resi tent s reply to the propositi ot the j Danish government to tic? United States to join i:i a convention with other powers inJ m 1 terested in the "Sound dues," at Cooenha - 1 gvn, for the purp')so of d.dil) 'rating on that 0 I 1 1 0 itibj. The friendly ivl.iti ns between Denmark . a lVlU.;1 S:;lVs lnve v,,n been i:i - . .... .. . .. lhc . - 1 . .1 I mem, ana nc noma cxtrenieiy regret mat I this determination to assert what he be1 eii .t 1 1 . ! li.'Viw I. Int n i:ir rtirlit 111 -in 11 in. r r.ii i ... - ; J,.d in right, the United States would be the i,..f ,.. :,w ,, .,11 last poer to interfere with her enjoyment . J 1 t,KmIt s ,lot proposed to discuss the fjuestion of rhjld in this communication: that jhas already been done, and the United States have adopted the conclusion that they arc under no obligation arising from international law cr treaty stipulation to yield to this claim. Denmark, on the contea ry, has adopted a different and an opposite conclusion. It is readily conceded that both nations'are anxious to arrive at a satisfactory solution of this vexed question. The subject interests several other powers, indeed all maritime nations, and Denmark has invited them to be represented in a convention to assemble this month at Copenhagen, to consider a proposition to be of fered by her to capitalize this revenue, and ' to apportion among commercial nations the sum to be paid for this renunciation of the present mode of collecting it. The IT. States have been resjx-ctfully invited to send a representative t the projosed convention. Without at all questioning the fair intention of Denmark in proposing this measure, the President feo.lss constrained, by a sens- of duty, to decline the acceptance of this invitation. The convention is to assume as the basis of its proceedings the very right on the part of Denmark which i the United States denv. .'t is assembled without any power to pass upon the right of Denmark o levy a contribution upon foreign commerce, but only authcriyd to adjust the share to be paid by each nation in lieu of the collections theretofore assessed upon their respective vessels and cargoes. Th United States, however; contest their liability to pay any contribution whatever.

The main question at issue between thi government and tha of Denmark is, not how much burden shall be borne bv our commerce Co the Baltic, but whether it shall be subjected to any burden at all. Tho proposed tribunal, it will bo perceived by the restriction upon its jurisdiction, is expressly precluded from deliberating and

, ,. ft ' ileeldimr tfrmit lf;i' rnritr eriiiii i ii...l 1. issttc between the United States and Denj mark, This fa ,K,t, however, the only difficult V i i , i '? . c j which precut the President fniri consen- . ! to bo rvcuWA m the convention. III claiming ail exemption of our ships and their cargoes from taxation by Denmark at the straits of the Baltic, the President i vindicating a great national principle, of extensive and various application. I f vieli ded in one instance, it will 1m difficult to ! maintain it in others. If exactions u noil our trade at tho entrance into the ilaltic were acquiesced iu by the I'ni'cd States, similar exactions might, on the same principle, be demanded at the straits of Gibraltar and Messini, at the Dardanelles, and on all great navigable rivers whose upper A I branches and tributaries are occupied by different independent powers. Hie President cannot admit the competency of such a tribunal a that proposed by Denmark as he would do if this government were represented therein io deal j with a principle k f such vast importance to j the whole commercial world. j Here is another ground of objection to ;,-.::,w, :. ,i, i ! l(ll?llOO 111 Tili. lirATtoiM itlil'ilntiAii controlling as either of the foi-coim-. Th government of the Uni:ed Suites will nover j consent to the pretension that the Xew 1 V,,i hi la t.ilo inr,ivnt-;.if..l ,i:.. 1... . - .... ... '.licillv. .Ft m.- VI.l. It is clearly tho balance of power iu its application to the European family of nations, it is not proposed to express an opinion, but enough i .......... r . . 1... .1 . j "i" ions nas in.en sera to impress upon this government a fixed determination to avoid being brought within its vortex. It has 1..it !.,. tl... .l...,.Ll....l ... .K c ' ' .? T 1 V v i iiwi-iiL i' i oio such a comiuici. v ! , ... I1-1'. W..-nt will not yiehl in any caso Vt gi.t.'fct relaxation ot it. -----..........,. n e n . ii c to! owing quotation from the I)- . 1 ooiu uic i . i!iili i doeum-nt submittiiin-ih.. Tr.,n.,ö;,.M .. L, . . Mi i i i I Oi ii .trolii.lii trill . i . .!... I.. a 1 u i"..uuMim xxu mu no.eci connexion and Conmnvtuie of the I wo subjects: 'Besides this condiii.m, there is still coniu 1as I J -'-..v'a:u,(... t , hUt.,y of lh;. S( :otind dues. and wi;h the i. irt wl.ic-'i ihev h .un i..if..ii,i,..1 .1. . Tw ; . . f k . e j cd in tl.e pon. ics ot the north of huiop,. 1 . .i, k . ,: , ,. , , uih'iw is, 1 lie negotiations would be dc(.i .,r ,1..,. . . 11 . ,. , ! pined ot that scope and character which 1 are rccjui.-i.v to prevMit its In ing letnrel j 1... .... . ., , . f , . , . r ) inestions. of a secondary nature, which ! ' n ' 'ia be penment to an arrangement merely ! commercial and fiscal, but not to one des"- .;.. 1 , t. ... . 1 ... tined lo sen e as a complement to treaties of peace ami compromise by which the system of ihe political balance has be-u "adjusted." In passing upon the polhieal questi presented by this extract, this government cannot be induced to take any part: nor will it submit to have its international lights restricted or modified in subsen iein e to the Mli:ie..l theory wi.h which the question as to ihe Sound dues is intermixed in the Danish proposition. In the paper submit;ed by Denmark to the consideration of this government ihetvis an allusion to -tl;o sacrifices' she has made for facilitating the navigation of fuvigu vessels through the Rahic straits. Any expenditure that idic has mode for the safe ty and facility of this navigation may constitute an equitable claim upon foreign powers for remuneration to ihe extent they have participated in this advantage. Th"? collections hitherto made have much more than compensated for these outlays. While the United States would not 'consent to purchase a right which they consider indubitable the free use of the" Rahic sound they would not hesitate to share lilx-rallv m compensating Denmark for any f.d nr claim for expMises she may incur ii m mipro ing and rendering saf ihe navij.it ion of the Sound. There U undoubtedly a ne cessity to keep up at a co.iderable expense light-houses, buoys, etc., for the Security of this navigaiion. 'or MU.h 0XK.nj,.s (n future, disconnected from a claim for murenderinga pr,Meded right.to control the navigation of the Sound and Relts, the United States are billing to enter into an arrangement with Denmark, and to pay a fair equivalent for any ad vantages to tin ir commerce which may liederived from these outlays. You arc therefore instructed to invite Denmark to submit a prop,,Suiull m lh;s suh ject, and to assure her that it will receive due consideration from your government; but she must not expect that it will 1 f i ....... 1.1 ...... 4 . ... w.iauij eiucnameu ll it should include cither expressly or impliedly, any com.H , Nation lor the surrender of 1 ier nrefn,wl.l ther ex pretended . . , - - I-"'- ' im'H the Smnd and the Hells of the Baltic. I am, Sir, resoetfullv. a-- ...... ,e ,rei-uso l)V our ft 1 n.s of resKXtfully, lo Hkmht Heixger, Ksq., cVc., A:c.