Ligonier Banner., Volume 78, Number 45, Ligonier, Noble County, 23 November 1944 — Page 7

U. S. Schools Must Prepare Young People To Cope With Difficult Problems of Future

Citizens Are Urged To Visit Their Local Learning Centers

Labor, industry, educators, the churches and women’s clubs are uniting in a call for the observance of American Education week, November 5-11. The week is dedicated to public tribute to schools and is sponsored by the National Education association, the American Legion, the United States Office of Education, and the National Congress of Parents and Teachers. An annual pilgrimage to the nation’s schools is made in more than 4,000 communities by more than 10 million persons during the week’s program of school activities.

Calling upon the ‘citizens to visit their schools,”” President Roosevelt asks observance of American Education Week to ‘“become better acquainted with those faithful servants of the nation’s children and youth—the teachers.” In the President’s -message to *‘patrons, students, and teachers of American schools,”” he asks that teachers be encouraged in their task of ‘“‘cultivating free men fit for a free world. For these teachers are the conservators-of today’s civilization and the architects of tomorrow's world of promised peace and progress. They serve within the very citadels of democracy, devotedly whether in war or in peace. “When victory on the fields of battle shall have been achieved, the work yet to be done through our schools will be enormous,” the President continues. “I therefore call upon the teachers of America to continue without flagging their efforts to contribute through the schools to that final consummation which alone will make possible of fulfillment all plans of education for new tasks.”

Realizing that the schools play a vital role both in the prosecution of the war and laying the foundations for the peace, ‘“Education for New Tasks’’ is the theme for the 24th annual observance. ‘‘Schools are preparing children and young people for the new tasks which confront our country,” states F. L. Schlagle, president of the National Education association, ‘‘the new tasks of making postwar readjustments, maintaining _.economic security at home, improving intergroup relationships, assuring justice to minority groups, adapting our life to the new technology, and improving community life. Only a people of intelligence, character, goodwill and earnestness can meet these issues with success.”’ Program for the Week. Daily themes in the development of ““Education for New Tasks’ are: Sunday, November 5 — Building Worldwide Brotherhood. Monday, November 6 — Winning the War. Tuesday, November 7 — Improving Schools for Tomorrow. i Wednesday, November 8 — Developing an Enduring Peace. Thursday, November 9 — Preparing for the New Technology. Friday, November 10 — Educating All the People. Saturday, November 11 — Bettering Community Life. ‘“When the war is over, our country will be faced with a problem of readjustment which in many ways will be as difficult as the problems of mobilization for the war,” warns Mr. Schlagle. “Millions of men and women must be retrained for new jobs. Boys and girls in schools must be aided in adjusting to postwar conditions. The war has emphasized the

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Practical and scientific training is getting increasing emphasis during the war years, even in grade school. Probably this trend will continue into peace times. These boys are making radio sets.

HOW MANY STUDENTS GET A COMPLETE EDUCATION? IN THE FIFTH GRADE (1929-30) THESE GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL (1927 m Each symbel represents 100 students S (13) ’ ]

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nation’s need for youth. We cannot afford in the postwar period to permit youth to become the lost generation again,” he says. ‘“Building Worldwide Brotherhood,” topic for Sunday, opening the week’s program, will be observed in the churches throughout the nation. According to Everett R. Clinchy, National Conference of Christians and Jews,” ‘Brotherhood is giving to others the dignity and rights we want to keep for ourselves. We need to make universal brotherhood part of the learning experience.” He points out that this can be done by thinking scientifically on questions of race, religious cultures, and nationality differences which divide people into groups. Monday’s theme, “Winning the War,” is a reminder of the wartime job being done by the schools in preinduction training, adjustment of courses to permit pupils-to do wartime work, rationing and registration programs, conducting scrap and bond drives, as well as continuing their regular program of education for 25 million American children.

“Improving Schools for Tomorrow emphasizes the steps needed for improving Americap education. Equalization of educational opportunity through state and federal aid, payment of adequate salaries to teachers, streamlining the adminisfrative organization of education in many areas, and the building’' of school programs around real life problems are among the pressing needs for better schools in the postwar -era. :

Hope For Enduring Peace.

‘“Education is a potent force which cah be used for the promotion of peace,” underlies Wednesday’s topic, ‘“Developing an Enduring Peace.” Proposals for the international organization following the war include a council on educational policy which would become a permanent international agency for education. The purpose of such an agency would be to lift educational standards, to encourage education for international understanding, and to report for action to the general international body attempts in any nation to promote war through education.

“Preparing for the New Technology’’ points to the reliance technology and science have upon education. The need for intelligent management and the reduction of unskilled labor are emphasized. The ever-increasing need for specialization on the part of workers calls for cooperation and mutual helpfulness. ‘“The promise of a new world depends upon technology. To reach that promise we must develop through education people capable of using it,”” Mr. Schlagle points out. “Educating All the People,’”’ topic for Friday, emphasizes that despite

the great strides in establishing a system of public education, there are 13% per cent of our adult population having only a fourth-grade education or less. Hundreds of thousands of men fully qualified in every other respect have been found by the Selective Service to have less than a fourth-grade education. ‘“Bettering Community Life,’’ topic for the last day of American Education Week, underlines the role of the school as a community center, serving adults as well as children, and acting as a force for bringing the people together so that plans for improved community life may be made and developed. ’

American Education Week grew out of the First World War. It was first observed in 1921. Twenty-five per cent of the men examined in that draft were illiterate; 29 per cent were physically unfit; many were foreign-born and had little understanding of American life. These were startling disclosures. Unfit as they were for war, these men were also incapable of serving their country most effectively in time of peace. . Members of the newly formed American Legion wished to correct these conditions. They saw in this situation an opportunity to serve their country after the war. When a campaign of education appeared to be the only answer they consulted the other sponsoring organizations and as a result the first American Education Week was observed. ‘“All the new tasks which confront our society as a whole are the ones with which our schools must deal. For the schools are of society and their task is to build society by developing good citizens,”” Mr. Schlagle further points out. ‘“Let us utilize the power of education to

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Many adults need a grade school education, either because they came from some region of the country where schools are remote, or because they are foreign born. Here a young woman from Austria waves her hard-won diploma.

further fulfill the promise of America and to enable us to do our part among the family of nations in the establishment of a just order of affairs in the world,’”’ he urges.

The National Planning committee, a private agency, most of whose directors are businessmen, recently stated that if we make our economic system work reasonably well after the war we shall have a national income of at least 110 billion dollars. The report goes on to relate that according to the estimated figures, we shall spend: 25 billion for foodstuffs as compared with 16 billion before the war; 16 billion for housing as compared with 9 billion; seven billion for automobiles as against four billion; three billion for recreation as against one and a half billion; 13 billion for household operations and equipment as compared with six and a half billion. ‘“‘Shall we,” asks Mr. Schlagle, ‘““‘under such conditions refuse to increase the two and a half billion which we have been spending for schools and colleges: Shall we, with the highest per capita income of any nation in all history, use our increased wealth to feed, clothe, and house ourselves in comparative’ luxury, to buy entertainment, airplanes, automobiles, radios, and refrigerators, and neglect to spend any of our increased income for the educational improvement of our children? We can readily afford the five or six billion dollars which a genuinely adequate educational program for all would cost. This would be the wisest investment that American citizens could make,’”’ he contends. Eric A. Johnston, president, United States chamber of commerce, says the organization ‘is glad to give its support to the observance of American Education Week, 1944. Business recognizes the relation between education and an expanding economy. There is no more important task before us than the development of the kind of educational | program which will promote good citizenship and economic well-being.””

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THE LIGONIER BANNER, LIGONIER, IND.

Problems of Future.

Six Billion Investment.

~Washington Digest

War-Making Powers Issue In Peace Organization

Big Question Is Whether Congress Can Delegate Function to U. S. Representative ‘ - On World Council. e

WNU Service, Union Trust Building, : Washington, D. C.

When the last election bet is collected; when the echoes of the windiest argument have died on the November breeze, a lot of people will believe that when they cast their ballots on November 7 they were deciding the question of whether America was to join an effective world organization to preserve peace. Not at all.

It was plain long before the election that the question of whether the United States was willing to join an international organization with teeth in it did not depend on the candidate selected.

The day in October that Senator Ball, Republican of Minnesota, announced that he would vote for Franklin Roosevelt and not for Dewey for President, we had a press and radio conference in his office in the Senate Office building. As we crowded five deep around Ball's desk, somebody remarked: ‘‘He ought to have used the caucus room.” Except that Ball is inclined to keep his head down like a bull, instead of his chin out like a bulldog, the young, former newspaper

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Sen. Joseph Ball

man who has served four years in the senate (two years by appointment) reminds me a little of Wendell Willkie. . There were a number of hardboiled, anti-internationalists among the reporters in the room and some were a little cynical in their attitude. But they agreed that Ball was sincere, that he was taking the step he took not because of, but in spite of, politics. Of course, he comes from a state where they aren’t quite so adamant about party lines and he won’t be up for election himself for four years anyway. When he was asked if he hoped to run again on the Republican ticket he said he did but that depended on what attitude the party in Minnesota took. All during that conference there wasn’t a word: asked about the issue behind the issue—the step which this country has to take, the decision it has to make regarding our own policy toward extending the powers over the use of our armed forces to another organ beside congress. And I think.it might be well to take up point by point the Ball-Roosevelt-Dewey controversy and see just what issues are involved.

Says FDR Met Issues Squarely - In the first place, it will be recalled that Ball was one of the ‘“B2H 2” combination which carried on the bipartisan drive to force the senate foreign relations committee to act on a resolution favoring the creation of an international organization to preserve the peace. ‘B2H 2,” if you have forgotten, stood for Senators Burton, Republican, Ohio; Ball, Republican, Minnesota; Hatch, Democrat, New Mexico; and Hill, Democrat of Alabama. Then the BH quartet, again generously assisted, set forth to keep the foreign relations issue out of the campaign. This was done with a fair degree of success but not entirely to suit Senator Ball. He arose and declared that he wouldn’t de-

BRIEFS... by Baukhage

The energy in 1% ounces of coal will pull 1 ton of freight 1 mile. s S By putting sodium nitrate and phosphates in fresh water lakes in Scotland to increase supplies of marine vegetation on which fish feed, it has been possible to increase production of some fish by 300 per cent, the Department of Commerce reports. s

By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator.

cide whether he would support Dewey until he had heard both presidential candidates speak on the subject.

He listened to two one-half-hour speeches by Dewey and then, after the one by Roosevelt before the Foreign - Policy association, said he would support Roosevelt because Roosevelt met ‘squarely and unequivocally the two vital and controversial issues on which the isolationists kept us out of the League of Nations and will fight our entry into the United Nations security organization. He insisted that the United- Nations organization be formed without delay, before hostilities cease, and that it be granted power to use military force against future aggressors without requiring individual approval of each member nation.” & |

Senator Ball went on to say that Governor Dewey ‘‘has opposed delay but has not met squarely the second vital issue. He has spoken for a strong international security organization, but in each speech has so worded his commitment that both internationalists and isolationists could find comfort and support in what he said.” |

I quote that paragraph at length since it is quite possible that you have not seen it in print—l copied it from Ball’s own°®statement—and because I think a great many people, some of whom supported Mr. Roosevelt, forgot that he was for going the ‘‘whole hog’”’ and that ‘“‘whole hog”’ in Mr. Ball’s language and the language of those who are going to fight for this organization|in the congress, may mean more than some people -realize. It shouldn’t to anyone who heard or read Mr. Roosevelt’s speech and ‘took it seriously—but we don’t always take political speeches seriously. The President 'said the American member of the Security Council of the United Nations, which would be made up of eleven member nations, should ‘““be empowered in advance by the people themselves, by constitutional means through their representatives in congress, with authority to act.” Constitutional

Procedure Involved This is generally interpreted as meaning:

(1) Congress would pass a law stating that if the American representative on the Security Council felt that American military forces (with those of other members of the organization) should be used against an aggressor he had the power to commit this government to order such support. In other words, to enter into what might amountgto war, later on.

(2) Congress would likewise pass a law permitting the majority vote of the Security Council to supersede the vote of the American representative, to use American (and other) military forces against an aggressSor.

As to point two, if the Russians had their choice as expressed in the conferences at Dumbarton Oaks this clause would not be effective—they argue that no step should be taken by the council without the unanimous agreement of the great powers. .In other words, the single vote of the representative of Britain, Russia, China and the United States, at least, could veto any step proposed. But the representatives of Great Britain and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks said that they were both willing to make majority rule the basis of action. It is conceivable that if Russia were convinced that the United States was wholeheartedly in the organization, she would come around to that view. So far the question of the constitutionality of a law which would arm the American delegate to the Security Council with the necessary powers, has not been debated. The New York Times points out that the Constitution designates to congress the unique power to declare war, except when American territory is invaded; but does not state that the use of force cannot be delegated. In any case the chief question is whether the people will have the courage to venture into this new realm wherein the United States government would accept the majority wishes of a group of world states, just as we accept the wishes of the majority of congress.

‘New shotguns and rifles for farmers, ranchers and law enforcement agencies are on the way. * ¢ 8 Saturday night services on wheels are to be offered refugees and others in the liberated Netherlands. The Netherland Woman’'s Auxiliary corps soon will receive a motor vehicle equipped with portable bathing facilities. -

° : Unit Shelves Easy For You to Build WHETHER you have a house of your own or whether you move often, unit book shelves are the answer to many a problem. They may be scaled to fit almost any space; you may add to them as needed and they may be shifted from one place to another according to your mood. They may start in the living room and end in the children’s room or in the kitchen. The units may be divided, multiplied or used in various combinations. You need no special skill to make the three units shown. These well proportioned shelves

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) -“,.ﬁ/’ o N & S Yo S L e Y’l// 1 e = [l «hb [ IBEA e D [P S, . SN ’// g MAY BE MADE To|- > \‘\é C %% rilany space \ ) 5% DEEP SHELVES HOLI : \—_—/_,, WIDE n‘&!ﬁ%ﬁ?&"’ ~.=":&:,’:::. PR NO SHARP CORNERS SIMPLE CUTS AND EASY CONSTRUCTION |LMADE RIGID WITH NAILS AND MODERN SLUE were designed especially for amateur homecrafters to make with the simplest tools. A compass saw from the five-and-dime will cut the curved shelves of the end units. Because the shelves were designed by a homemaker, a simple method of constructing them with no open dust space at the bottom was. worked out and special thought was given to the width and depth of shelves so that they would have the maximum usefulness and still be made of stock sizes of lumber. . s & 8 NOTE: Pattern 270 gives a full size pattern for the curved shelves of these book cases and large diagrams with dimensions of all the straight pieces. Also a complete list of materials required and illustrated directions for each step in the construction of the units. To get this pattern »nclose 15 cents with name and address and send direct to:

Proficient Knockers Negative criticism does not call for a special degree of intelligence. Even the mentally sterile person can be a very voluble destructive critic. Neither does it take a great deal of energy. ‘Many lazy: men are very proficient = fault-finders and ‘‘with alarm viewers.”” The truly active person is perhaps the most lenient judge of the activities of others, simply because he has no time to be a flaw-picker.

UB FOR COLD MISEIﬂ gpread Penetro on throat, chest, b —cover with warm flannel —eases muscular aches, pains, coughs. Breathedin vapors comfort irritated nasal memsbranes. Outside;, warms like plaster. Modern medication in a base containing old fashioned mutton suet, only 25¢, double supply 35¢c. Get Penetro.

Acid Indigestion

When excess stomach acid causes painful, suffocat ing gas, sour stomach and heartburn, doctors usually prescribe the fastest-acting medicines known for ;‘y‘mipmmtic relief— medicines like those in Bell-ans blets. No laxative. Bell-ans brings comfort in a gﬂy or double {onr money back on return of bottle us. 26c at all druggists.

s » [¢ H 8 et R Ny N 0 JUST A 2 makes “BLACK LEAF 40”, DASH IN FEATHERS . \oo MUt FARTeR [ OR SPREAD ON ROOSTS

| I PEOPLE!|

B e 2T - Try Great Tonic Many Doctors Advise See how good-tasting Scott’s Emulsion helps tone up your system; helps build up stamina and resistance against colds—if there is a dietary deficiency of A & D Vitamins, It’s easy! Simply take Scott’s daily throughout the year. It's great! Buy A 5-\@.' at your druggist’s today!

PR TI AR ‘.m EMULSION T®B. Great Year-Round Tonic

MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS Bedford Hills New York Drawer 10 Send 15 cents for Pattern No. 270. NAME@ i eoseosoocsscsonisicosasssssess AdAress: . ..ciivividicievannirasabae

Relieved in 5 minutes or double money back

AT FIRST SIGNOF A°‘ D (' =666 Cold Preparations as directed