Ligonier Banner., Volume 78, Number 44, Ligonier, Noble County, 16 November 1944 — Page 7

For 169 Years U. S. Marines Have Been Fighting Their Country’s Battles on Land and on the Sea

Anniversary Finds Corps in Forefront Of War Against Japs

The United States marine corps celebrates its 169th anniversary this November 10th, without pause and with no fanfare. For the relatively small ‘marine corps this has been a year of herculean tasks, never before equalled in the long and heroic history of the corps. Over thousands of miles of Pacific ocean, Leathernecks have leapfrogged to within bomber-range .of Japan itself. Behind them lay 'the heaviest marine casualties iin history —but small when ‘weighed beside one of the great‘est military sagas ever written within a period of twelve months. Since November 10th, last, marines have advanced the front ‘'on Japan by at least three thou‘sand miles, all the most difficult lkkind of amphibious operations lagainst an enemy who did not 'know how to surrender except lin death on the point of a ma'rine bayonet. Since the year 1775 when Capt. ‘Robert Mullin recruited the first .marines in the Tun Tavern at Phila.delphia, Leathernecks have ex.pected as their share, the hardest 'type of fighting. The first two batitalions of marines were promised nothing more than six dollars a month, a liberal daily ration of irum, and plenty of action. For the 'last 169 years Leathernecks have seen action in virtually every icorner of the world.

- In the War of Independence the new-born marines served creditably 'on land and sea. Their first recorded jaction was a raid on New Provi{dence in the Bahamas. A detachment fought with Washington in the ‘Battle of Princeton and in the seciond Battle of Trenton. Marines were ;also present for the historic crossing of the Delaware and were part 'of the force that surprised the Hes'sian garrison on Christmas Eve, 1776. Among their earlier admirers was John Paul Jones who saw them in action and open]g spoke his admiration. ;

Reorganized in 1798.

With the coming of peace, the marines were disbanded, not to be formed again until 1798. It was seven “years later that they set out on their first overseas venture—an operation that was later to be recorded in the Marine Corps hymn. This action (“‘shores of Tripoli’’) was made notable by Lieutenant O’Bannon who led seven marines and a handful of natives in one of the most daring raids in military history. Always busy, the year 1812 found marines in action again. They fought in many engagements, from Lake Erie with Commodore Perry to New Orleans with Andrew Jackson. It was remarked even in those days that such a small force—numbering scarcely more than a thousand — could fight so effectively on so many fronts. X

The marines were still a very small force when they went into action in 1845 in the War with Mexico. But despite their numbers they took a major role in the attack on the Fortress of Chapultepec, and, joining with a small force under Lieut. Ulysses S. Grant, marched to the gates of Mexico City. _ For the next 50 years the marines were relatively idle. They played an occasional part in restoring order in Central America, but they didn’t get into action on a serious scale again until the Spanish-American war. In this contest they struck the 'first blows for American arms; they won the first victories; they electrified the nation with their skill and daring. Rarely has such a small group of fighting men received so many decorations for valor.

At Front in World War 1.

World War I also demonstrated the high' percentage of individual marine heroism. One thousand, six hundred and sixty-eight marines received awards despite the fact the marine corps was still a relatively small organization. The first American to win the Congressional Medal of Honor was a marine—Gunnery Sgt. Charles F. Hoffman who silenced five enemy machine guns in Belleau Wood. Typical of marine spirit was this report: “5:30 a. m.— Four officers and 78 prisoners arrived at brigade headquarters brought in by Marine Private Leonard to whom they surrendered in the Bois de Belleau.” i Marines entered World War II on the firing line. ‘‘Send us more Japs”’ wired the beleaguered marines on

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A weary machine gunner carries his gun on his shoulder and his rifle in his hand, as he trudges along a soggy trail on New Britain island. Another Marine slogs along behind him, with a can of lubricating oil in each hand, while a jeep bounces past. Marine units made their first landing on New Britain on Christmas, 1943, It took many bitter weeks to clean out the Japs. : ; :

Wake Island. On Bataan they fought with equal courage. At Midway they helped stem a major enemy invasion. Then on August 7, 1942 they were again chosen by their country to spearhead an offensive. Guadalcanal was the first offensive blow struck by the Allies against Japan. First Division marines fought ashore carrying with them the hopes and prayers of the entire civilized world.

Leathernecks, recently returned from overseas, often debate the relative fierceness of the battles in which they havp engaged the enemy. All admit that Guadalcanal rates with the toughest. For weeks the marines fought 'on short rations and with the enemy fleet and air force in almost constant attendance. When the marines finally moved out for a rest, they had secured the first toehold on the Japanese perimeter of defense. Bougainville, Makin, New Georgia followed. Then came Tarawa. Here the marine corps fought its costliest battle. Moving in on the shattered island the morning of November 20, 1943, marines found the preliminary shelling had failed to dislodge the Japanese. The first 24 hours saw the marines clinging to a beachhead 100 yards long and 10 yards deep. Surmounting almost certain catastrophe, the marines rallied the second day to drive inland. By the third day they had completely secured the island. Leap to Marshalls. Moving northward, the marines next invaded the Marshall Islands, meeting with less resistance because they had learned at Tarawa to land on flanking islands before assaulting the enemy’s main positions. g : !

Marines in this period also were fighting on New Britain Island, Cape Gloucester’ standing as their c¢hief campaign. But they soon withdrew from this theater. Weeks passed before the marines struck again. This time they leaped forward 1,700 miles — from the Marshalls to the Marianas. This, the world realized, was a blow to the Japanese stomach, for Saipan would bring U. S. bombers within range of Japan proper. :

The ensuing battle was waged on land, sea and air. The Japanese fleet, drawn out to meet this threat, was turned back by longrange carrier - based bombers. Ashore the Second and Fourth marines, aided by an army division, ran into even harder fighting than they had met at Tarawa. Saipan, a large island with mountains, posed an entirely new kind of tactical problem to marines. But, versatile as ever, they soon had secured their beachhead and were moving across the island. The enemy fought to a suicidal end at Saipan. Even the native population joined in the battle and, when they saw their cause was lost, leaped into the sea. -

- Tinian and Guam followed soon after. In re-taking Guam the Leathernecks evened the score for the marine garrison which was overwhelmed on'that island at the outbreak of war. = i

This series of successes—Saipan, Tinian, Guam—caused an upset in the Japanese government and led to a bad fright for Tokio. The Japs were not given much pause to swallow the! implications of these victories. The marines struck next at Peleliu in the Palau group. The Japs quickly saw that this was a blow aimed at the Philippines.

THE LIGONIER BANNER, LIGONIER, IND.

Thus the Japanese tide of conquest ebbed. The past year has taught the Jap to dread the marine. In one important operation-the fact that marines were involved was withheld as information of value to the enemy. The enemy who learned his lesson from the Leathernecks on Guadalcanal now may agree with Allied observers that the United States marine is ‘“the most superb fighting man in the world.” |

First Hours Ashore On Peleliu Cost ' Marines Heavily By T/Sgt. Benjamin Goldberg PELELIU, PALAU ISLANDS (Delayed)—The island was covered with a pall of black smoke as the Marines landed. : Each wave of Leathernecks was met with intense enemy fire. Mortar shells knocked out amphibian tractors. From the rocks flanking the beach came machine gun fire. From the groves came rifle fire; - The Jap was everywhere. In caves, in pillboxes, in foxholes, under brush, concealed in palm trees, wrapped in fronds. And he took a heavy toll. : One marine reeled to the beach, arms dripping blood. As he was about to drop into a foxhole, he was slain by a Jap sniper. : A corporal led his machine-gun squad into action. In 20 paces, he lost six men. :

An officer lay in a shallow foxhole speaking over the radio telephone. A mortar shell plopped nearby. The officer was killed instantly. A corporal beside him was chipped by shrapnel. In the first four hours, the Leathernecks advanced only 150 yards. One unit found a cave with three openings. Twenty feet away was a marine, lying on his side. He had been wounded at the front line and was returning, alone, for treatment when a Jap shot at him from inside the cave. A sergeant raced to aid him while the other men of the unit covered him with rifle fire. The sergeant crept to the mouth of the cave, emptied his clip. A second later he was dead from a bullet between his eyes. A lieutenant inched forward. He too, was shot dead. Flame-Throwers Flush Japs.

"One Jap was flushed out of the cave by flame-throwers. He was shot. A second one charged out. He, too, was killed. Grenades were thrown into the hideaway and chased out a third epemy soldier. He was killed. There was one who refused to budge. Twenty pounds of explosive in one cave mouth and the flame-thrower in the other two accounted for him. 0 " omnag

At ' dusk, the Japs counter-at-tacked. One of their tanks and some infantry broke through, almost —but not quite—to the beach itself. Two of our amphibs came up to meet the assault. They were knocked out. . A third came up and put the Jap tank out of action. Two Japs leaped out and were filled with bullets before they reached the ground. The Japs lost 50 men and withdrew. ey :

All night the mfarines stayed in their foxholes, while mortar shells fell about them. From the rear came sniper fire. These snipers criss-crossed our positions with rifle and light machine-gun fire. °

The landing craft opens up, and fully equipped Leathernecks dash .onto the beach at Bougainville in .the northern Solomons. This scene: was repeated thousands of times.as . the marines attack island after island, driving the Japs from the south . Pacific. The third marine division, members of which are pictured here} bore the brunt of the savage fighting in the Bougainville invasion," “They fought five engagements in the first month ashore, enduring all the misery of the rainy season. : l

Washington Digest)

Pamphleteering Enlivens - Clo’s Political Campaign

Political Action Committee Making Wide Use Of Literature in Drive to Get Voters : To Polis November 7.

WNU Service, Union Trust Building, ' Washington, D. C. . - One thing which stands out in the not-too-breath taking electioneering which is just dyawing to a close, is the highly modernized revival of an ancient art of persuasion, called by its instigators, “‘streamlined”’ pamphleteering. . . You have undoubtedly seen or heard of some of the little booklets which the CIO political action committee and its foster brother, the national political action committee, have produced. : 3 Recently I received from the director of publications, CIO political action committee, eight of its eyecatching pamphlets, which I was informed were being distributed at the rate of 1,500,000 daily in October. Most of them are illustrated in color. They look, as a commercial artist friend who examined them said, ‘“‘professional.”” They not only look that way but they are. The CIO has recruited some of the best talent in the country for its research, copy and art staffs, : Pamphleteering has been an important function since even before Samuel Johnson edited the Harleian Miscellany in the middle of the 18th century. But this dgy and age calls for more than a literary style. It takes punch. The ClO’s have provided it. j

No. 3 in the ‘‘every worker a voter’”’ series, entitled ‘“What Every Canvasser Should Know’’ was on top of the pile I received. It is rowdily illustrated with pictures that have just enough of a suggestive perk to catch your attention.

The sub-heads match. ‘“Canvassing is like Love” is blurted at you above a picture of a chap on a sofa with a girl on his lap. He is saying: ‘“How about some political action?”’ Then follows a couple of paragraphs of brass tacks, common sense on the value. of person-to-person selling. And from there on a simple, straightforward ‘“‘how to do it”’ talk on getting the vote out, and a lot of sales arguments on continued action as long as—*‘labor has enemies . . . as long as there are those who crush unions . . . as long as there are small farmers being pushed off the land . ~ ete. ; Three of the other pamphlets are illustrated by Bernard Bryson, a topnotch, grotesque comic artist who is on the CIO staff. These three books, all filled with technical information in the simplest of language, are thus diversely titled: ‘‘Speakers Manual’”’; “A Woman’s Guide to Political Action” and ‘““Radio Handbook.”

Attractive Pictures Underscore Points _ The pictures are so funny you can’t help looking at them and yet they all manage to underscore a point. One sent a shiver down my back. It showed a strange misshapen radio listener, with a face that looked like a cross between a bartlett pear and a hedgehog, yawning menacingly into one hand while the other dialed off the loud speaker. Not only did that book tell how to broadcast most effectively but it also told what was the best time on the air and how to get the use of it, to whom to go, and seventeen other bits of information from ‘‘can labor get radio time?’’ to ‘““what assistance can you expect’from us (CIO) in preparing your program?’’ : - With ten years of radio experience I say that book is good. And no wonder. Norman Corwin (also on the CIO staff) wrote it. :

I might go on indefinitely. There is the red-white-and-blue ‘‘People’s Program for 1944’ with striking photographs and more cartoons; there is another of the ‘‘every worker a voter’’ series on how to organize your community. : "

Two more in plain black and white, pretty. much ‘‘straight” copy, just good, clear photographs, one entitled ‘“The Negro in 1944 and ‘a smaller one with a lovely rural scene framed by a picket-fence and treebranches, ““This is Your America.” The pamphlet on Negroes shows photographs of Negroes in various capacities: workers, medical students, soldiers and sailors, one at some dinner sitting ‘beside President Roosevelt, another in a group around a conference table with other Negroes and whites. : i

BRIEFS s .by Baukhage

The women have it all their own way in one Melbourne, Australia, war plant.’ Now entering ‘its fourth year of operation, this plant is run entirely by women, ages 25 to 40. Most of the women had qqyﬁg -worked outside their homes 'before they took their present jobs. Among ‘other. things the women turn tg?g‘; "s::grin'g gears for Bren gun carriers ‘and Telescope holders. = 2

By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator.

~ The ‘‘American” booklet has a broader appeal. It shows types of all kinds, some distinctly ‘“foreign,” some familiar anglo-saxon, farm scenes and factories, railroad yards and skyscrapers. The message is simple, straightforward, clear. When it comes to how you can tell an American few could quarrel with the statements that:

‘““He believes in freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom from fear and freedom from want—for all the people. : ‘““He believes in freedom of opportunity for all men and women.

‘‘He believesiin the right of people who work to have & job at fair wages. He believes in the right of workers to organize, protect and improve their conditions. : ‘‘He believes.in education, and the opportunity to study, for all the people. ) ‘““He believes in the right of every man and woman to vote in free elections. !

‘‘He believes in majority rule. At the same time he believes in the protection of minorities. - ““He believes in a government of the people, by the people, and, most important of all, for the people.” The rest of the text is chiefly devoted to getting out the vote.

An Appeal for Religious Associates

There is one other little booklet printed in very attractive but dignified type. No illustrations. It is the only one sent me which bore the signature of the National Citizens Political Action Committee—not the CIO.

On its cover is printed the nursery rhyme: : This is the church, This is the steeple; Open the doors : And there are the people.

It is an appeal, signed by Dr. Dwight Bradley of New York to become a ‘“‘Religious Associate.” There has been at least one sharp attack by a minister against the effort of the CIO or its foster-organi-zation to attempt to solicit the support of the church. None that I have seen is based on any of the texts of the Action Committees’ propaganda but rather on the assumption of communist leanings on the part of the CIO and presumably the materialistic philosophy behind them, which the CIO heads deny. This pamphlet starts out with the statement that ‘‘we present our statement with profound humility but without hesitation. If we understand the mission of religion and of economic organizations—labor, farmers, businessmen, they do not clash but supplement each other—the one concerned with spiritual protection and development of its members, and the other with economic protection and development of its members. These two objectives are interdependent. And both are clearly dependent on the proper functioning of political democracy.” ;

. From there on the mood of the childhood rhyme, ‘‘this is the church .. " ete., is carried out to a conclusion that the leader in the living church serves ‘“‘all of the people and not just some of the people’’ and then states that a group of Religious Associates ‘‘has been formed to work with the National Citizens Political Action Committee, which itself was created to protect the interests of the common man.” . - I do not know how effective the CIO-PCA program has been in getting out the vote, or in getting the vote to support the organization’s candidates. It will be difficult to find out since many other organizations are at work and many other influences are -brought to bear on the choice of a candidate.. . =

.I'note that 1. F. Stone, writing in the Nation in the middle of October. said that *it will take the greatest outpouring of working-class votes in the . history of Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and the smaller Ohio industrial cities to counter-balance the anti-New Deal tide in the countryside to carry Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio for Roosevelt.” ; ; Stone goes on to say that if these states go for FDR despite the trend to Republicanism, it will mean that the workers in these areas “will have proved as potent in politics as in collective bargaining.” _

. Parcel shipments to members of the armed services abroad do not require export licenses, the Bureau of Supplies of the ‘Fo'rigign Economic Administration said in a recent annguugemeet | | . The War Food Administration es;;ﬁﬁgtgs,‘,ﬂthatﬂﬁa year’s onion crop ‘will be 45 per cenht above the 10--year avetaf:, 193342, N

Beware Coughs from common colds That Hang On Creomulsion relieves pr:ggtb because it %ges right to the of the Foth Tadcn bst A 6 mate mthe and heal raw, tender, inflamed 'llgerﬁnyc:l;nal mucotg .glale;;; o have msut;l;gego%or i g CREOMULSION for Coughs, Chest Colds, Bronchitis

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- MONEY CANT Bgz aspirin: faster-acting, more dependable than panuino pure ét. Joseph Aspirin, world’s largest seller-at 10¢. Why pay | more? Big 100 tablet size for only 35¢. .“2 : ¥ MOTHER GRAY'S - SWEET POWDERS Thousands of parents have found Mother Gray’s Sweet Powders a pleasinglaxativeforchildren. And equally itizod for themselves—to relieve the stress of occasional constipation. Keep on hand for times of need. Package of 16 easy-to-take powders, 35¢c. ‘Sold by all druggists. Caution: use only as directed. M \ FOR QUICK RELIEF If, ieume SALVE ANTISEPTIC : Used by thousands with satisfactory fgs gy oi B e ents. Get Carboil at drug st Spurlock-Neal Co., Nuh‘vl'll::e’.l‘:;n. -

' : - ABOUT ) RUBBER v ) f Check your tire pressure before inflating and save tire mileage and troublesome flats | urges the Office of Defense Transportation. A passenger car tire that is 3 pounds below the lowest of its running mates can be suspected of having an undisclosed puncture. Five pounds’ variance is allowed in fruck tires. : Ordinarily statistics are dull, but here are some that are significant when you consider that a 6.00 x 16 passenger car tire weighs about 22 pounds: There are 60,000 pounds of rubber in a battleship; 55,195 pounds in an aircraft carrier without plane complements; 4,358 pounds in a destroyer; 65,000 pounds In a submarine. :

BEGoodrich FIRST IN RUBRER it

: g :xi o S % ¥ '/ ﬁ&mcﬂ“ . BB DII!CT FROM ‘l'lli STADIUM NOTRE DAME . vs NAVY ‘] (at Baltimore) / SAT. AFTERNOON, NOV. & - DICK BRAY SPORTS ANNOUNCER, AT THE MIKE

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