Ligonier Banner., Volume 78, Number 38, Ligonier, Noble County, 28 September 1944 — Page 7

Brifish. City. People, Moved fo Country fo Escape ~ Robot Bombs, Assist in Harvest_of Bumper Crops

Joke Is on Hitler As He Unwittingly Aids Food Program

Whatever insane plans were behind the Nazi robot bombing, certainly helping the English farmer was not one of them. Yet that is what has happened. As the harvest season of 1944 approached, it seemed certain that there would be an acute shortage of farm laborers. In other years the army had been able to assist with the harvest, but the army is now busy in France and elsewhere. There are few young men left in England. The Women’s Land army has helped all through the war years, but this year it was already fully employed. The situation looked pretty bad with the richest harvest since the war and not enough help to bring it in. Then along came the robot bomb, or “‘doodlebug,” striking at London and the surrounding counties. The doodlebug does not have the penetrating qualities of earlier blitz bombs, but it has a blast effect that covers a lot more territory. During attacks houses are damaged at the rate of 700 an hour. So the evacuation of London was begun all over again. One million women, children and older men have already left the city, and the second million has started. Where are they going? Straight to the farms where they are helping to reap the wheat, gather the corn, flax and other Crops. Evacuation is an old story to most of these people. They are the ones who left during the blitz attacks of 1940 and ‘4l and who returned to their homes in 1942 and. ’43. This time many of them do not have homes to which to return. Even with the crews of plasterers, plumbers, tilers, etc., who follow along after an attack to make ‘‘first aid”’ repairs, the great majority of homes are beyond repair. It is not surprising then that many former townspeople plan to stay on farms after the war.

Intend to Stay on Farm.

In fact, ever since the war began, guite a number of people have been going on farms with the intention of staying. They spend a period of apprenticeship with a farmer first, and usually make- good farmers. Even before the war the motor bus had fairly revolutionized farm life and took away some of its terrors for townspeople. There have never been many automobiles in England because of their high cost, and practically none in farming communities. Bicycles have always been the chief means of transportation. The British equivalent to the American county fair is the ‘“‘walkover,” an annual fall event. Be‘.cause of the shorter distances in England, the farmers go in groups from one farm to another comparing crops and produce. They gather for tea in the afternoon and discuss the methods of cultivation and argue over breeds of cattle, etc. There is quite a bit of interest in different types of fertilizer and many have been tried. The farms are as a rule much smaller than those in the U. S.—in fact, all distances in England are shorter than in this country since ~ the whole of Britain is about as ~ large as Illinois and Indiana put together. : The English: people are in good spirits, notwithstanding the dreadful bombings, and are looking forward to enjoying the fruits of peace. Oddly enough, the farm animals around , London: were more upset than the people. The doodlebugs often fall or are shot down over open country in the counties of Kent, Sussex, Essex and Middlesex, all on the channel coast. The cows particularly were upset by the crazy contraption and didn't produce as well as they had. However, it didn’t take long for them to become adjusted, as animals—especially cows —ausually do, and they are now up to their previous records. The gay city people have adapted themselves to farm life is remarkable. Town girls who had never been near a farm before are now doing dairy work with a zest. They are happy and look wonderful. ' They are housed in brick buildings of ~ semi-permanent nature where they eat in communal dining rooms that are nicely furnished. - g

More Machinery in Use. There - has been a .decided increase in the use of farm machinery since the outbreak of war. Today England is the most highly mech-

Every Sort of _P_ersu_@si_oﬂ '-Usc_:d to Keo_ﬁ Brii_is}j, Fgm;_ Hands _o_@ Land

Vigorous measures have been taken in Britain to keep farm laborers on the land. Agricultural workers who have left the indusiry have been encouraged fo return fo it, and conscientious objectors are used .to supplement the existing labor supply. Labor gangs and labor pools have been set up to supply labor {or drainage, harvesting ‘and other purposes. Special hostels have been built by the ministry of works and buildings to house mobile labor

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Making a “V for Victory” symbol with his pitchfork, George Casely, an English farmer, defies Hitler and his bombs. ‘He needn’t think he can starve us out,” said George, who operates a 50-acre dairy farm in Devon,

anized farming country in Europe. The big tractor works that had contemplated closing down early in 1939 were given a contract by the government to produce all the tractors they could. Farm machinery was also shipped from Canada, Australia and the United States. . In order to' make the best use of available machinery, plowing contractors were helped to extend their operations, and farmers were asked to help each other. In some counties implement depots, where a farmer could hire an implement for a few shillings a day, were set up. There has been a remarkable increase in the actual number of machinery of different types employed. The number of tractors has about tripled, cultivating instruments have increased about two and a half times the prewar level. Harvesting machinery, however, has not shown a comparable increase, but the introduction of improved types, such as the combined harvester-thresher, together with its greater use over longer hours per day and for longer periods, have helped. : Farm wages have almost doubled since the war and it is hoped to keep a considerable part of the increase after-the war. This is important because tenant farming in England is widespread—most of the farmers do not own the land they work. They are furnished homes with garden plots as part of their ‘wages, and usually live on one farm all their lives. The wages are reached by agreement between the National Farmers’ Union and the Agricultural Farm Laborers’ Union. Britain Feeding Self Now.

Before the war Britain was only 40 per cent self-sufficient in food, and imported 8% million tons of animal feed annually. Perhaps this was the basis for Hitler’s decision

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Tractors, many of them from the United States, rip up the English grasslands’ as the British determinedly: set to work fo raise as much of their own food as possible. At the outbreak of the war in 1939, the British isles produced less than 40 per cent of their food. By 1944, they were raising 70 per cent. = ‘ ,

not to invade England; it looked easier to bomb and starve the country into submission.

But while the bombs were dropping in London and the seacoast towns, the British farmers were busy plowing up the grasslands. In 1939 there were 19 million acres of these grasslands, and seven million acres have now been brought under cultivation. This is against two million acres of grassland plowed up in World War I. Today Britain is raising more than 70 per cent of its food. o i »

The general policy governing agricultural production is laid down by the cabinet, and the minister of agriculture is responsible for carrying out the government’s plans. The execution of these plans is in the hands of war agricultural executive committees, who in turn appoint district committees of local farmers. Farmers’ organizations, land owners and agricultural workers all have their share in shaping the plans of

gangs and members of labor pools. Some groups live in small mobile trailers in which they travel around the country. ik ; “The schedule’ ofs reserveéd occupations, set up on the outbreak of war, was finally replaced in January, 1942, by a system of personal defernient, and all applications for deferment of military service in respect-of workers on the land in the agricultural industry are dealt with by the distriet manpower boards under a

THE LIGONIER BANNER, LIGONIER, IND.

the government, for the ministry of agriculture consults regularly with the National Farmers’ union, the workers’ unions, and the Central Landowners’ association. Before the outbreak of war in 1939 the minister of agriculture had called for an increase in the amount of land under the plow. In the spring of 1939 a subsidy of two pounds sterling ($8) an acre was granted for the plowing-up of sevenyear grassland and bringing it into cleanliness and fertility, and immediately after war- broke out, each farmer was asked to plow up roughly 10 per cent of his unplowed land. Further financial grants are now made in order to encourage the production of certain crops and to discourage the production of others. Payments of four pounds ($l6) per acre are made on crops of ryg and wheat harvested, and ten pounds ($4O) per acre on potatoes. The Farm Survey.

- However, much of the land has had to be reclaimed to offset losses of land to military and industrial use. Therefore, it was. extremely important that the best possible use be made of each farm acre, and in 1941 the Farm Survey was initiated. This survey consisted of: (1) a ‘“farm record’’ for each farm, containing information under the following. heads: conditions of tenure and occupation; natural state of the farm, including its fertility; the adequacy of its equipment; the degree of infestation with weeds or pests; the adequacy of water and electricity supplies; the management condition of the farm, and its wartime plowing-up record. - The information on the management condition of the farm is summarized in the grading of the farm as: (A) well farmed, B) moderately farmed, and (C) badly farmed. (2) The complete 1941 June 4 census return of the farm including all the usual statistics of crop acreages and live stock numbers together with supplementary information, asked especially for Farm Survey purposes, on length of occupation and rent of the farm.

(3) A plan of the farm showing its boundaries and the fields contained in it, on six-inch or 12%-inch scale. The Agricultural Executive committees have the right of entry on all farms and the power, which it has not been necessary to use often, to remove inefficient farmers. They can compel farmers to follow their directions, and have the power to take over badly farmed land with the consent of the minister .of agriculture. They may then rent this land to suitable tenants, or farm and improve it themselves. The land taken over is acquired at value when possession is taken, and within five years after the war it must be offered back to the original owner at a price determined by agreement or arbitration if the minister of agriculture believes the land will be properly managed and c#yated. Today a trip through the English countryside is a refreshing experience. Wheat acreage has increased

from a million acres in 1939 to 3,200,000 in 1944. Potato acreage was 700,000 in 1939 and is now 1,400,000 acres. Milk production has increased in consumption total from 363 million gallons in the year ending March, 1939, to 1 billion 40 million gallons in the year ending March, 1944, ) ;

After two lessons in one generation, the British farmer is determined that the land must not go out of cultivation again. Whether his desire will be realized or whether Britain will return to the policy of importing food as a balance to manufactured goods exported, is one of the problems of peace. Perhaps the two can be correlated with the increased use of farm products for manufacturing purposes. In any event, the farmers of England have joined hands with all the farmers of the Allied nations to show that this most peaceful of occupations can become a mighty implement of war. bty

special scheme operated jointly by the ministry of agriculture and the ministry of labor and national service through the county war agricultural executive committees. In general, men over 25, if they are bona fide farm workers, are retained in the industry; men under 25 are subject to an individual examination and if they are deemed to be “key” workers where they are employed, deferment is granted for an indefinite period.: o

Washington DigestU

Plan for Local Offices ~ To Aid Demobilization

Vets’ and Civilians’ Problems Would Be Tackled In Own Communities; Reemployment s Major Goal. :

WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. e These days it is popular to criticize Democratic methods for their lack of speed. The legislative mills do grind slowly as we have noted, with many of the measures delaying readjustment to the peace to come. But in the case of the first steps toward preparing for demobilization which have brought up such hearty disagreements, it so happens that, quite unobserved by most observers, the machinery has been grinding steadily ahead just the same. Y : .

This was achieved by executive order, and, on the surface at least, it appears that work has been done while congress was disagreeing. Since February 24, when the executive order creating it was issued, the Retraining and Reemployment administration has established more than 8,000 information centers which will be the contact point with dis- } charged veterans and war workers. It also erected the framework of a system which can be expanded to take care of the peak demands when demobilization starts in earnest. These information centers are the vital points of contact between government agencies and the citizen, veteran or civilian who is starting on the road back to peacetime existence. The philosophy back of this whole readjustment plan is based on the idea that a man or woman can best be served by his own friends and neighbors. The government, local or federal, helps, but the local community whose own prosperity depends on the prosperity and happiness of its members, is the best of guides, philosophers and friends. The Retraining and Reemployment administration is the child of the Baruch-Hancock report, which is a lengthy document embodying the results of a long study and presented as a suggestion for appropriate legislation. Since the lawmakers were slow in their law-making, the President issued his executive order under his war powers. _He put the new administration under the office of War Mobilization, its head, Mr. Byrnes, named General Hines, head of the Veterans administration, as Administrator of the Retraining and Reemployment setup. New Agency Works With Other U. S. Bodies Under General Hines was created a policy board made up of representatives of the various government agencies whose functions fit into the picture, the purpose being to make use of existing government agencies insofar as possible rather than to create new ones. The agencies represented on the board are: labor, federal security, war manpower, selective service, the war department, navy department, war production board. - - This board has general supervision of all activities affecting the returned veteran or the discharged war worker and it consults with congress on matters which would promote the processes of readjustment. - Specifically this is a large order for it involves getting jobs, getting the right job for the right man; training for jobs, training the right man for the right job and assuring an expert and sympathetic handling of the process, from the human as well as the economic standpoint. It also deals with all the multifold benefits and rights of the GI Bill of Rights, already dealt with at length in these columns. g - The man on whom most of the - responsibility for carrying out the administration’s work has fallen so far is C, W. Bailey, executive secretary of the policy board. : . Following the theory of utilization ~of existing agencies, the board im~mediately turned to the three government agencies which were already engaged in activities similar to those, or' including those which the R. & R has to do; namely, selective service with its 6,500 offices in -all parts of the country through which virtually everyone who entered the armed services had to pass; the United States Employ--ment service, with its 1,500 full time offices which have been the main channels carrying the war workers to their jobs, and finally the Veterans

BRIEFS... by Baykh’av'gc'_ t

Placements of physically handicapped persons by the United States Employment service may total nearly a half mﬂ{ign}n 3944 Because of the disruption of rail facilities by the fighting in southern France, American-made trucks -are being shipped to Europe for the transportation of prisoner-of-war Parcels. . o o o dmeel w 0

By BAUKHAGE‘ News Analyst and Commentator.

administration with its hundred offices with a personnel experienced in handling ex-soldiers’ claims since the end of World War I. v

Committees were:appointed in the various states composed of representatives of these agencies, whose function was to assist in the creation of the information centers. In many states these committees have been able to report that the organization of these smaller groups is now adequate to handle the present load; in other states the completion of the organization is underway. Mr. Bailey tells me that he feels that a national framework has been constructed upon which the complete organization can be raised as demobilization begins and war_industries are cut down. :

This is the organization which has been functioning under the executive order. It is taken for granted that it will be continued in function if not in exact fornf; and of course provided with adequate funds for expansion, by current or future legislation. But the point is that in the interim action has been taken, without working for the legislative bodies to deliberate and -adumbrate while the readjustment program merely marked tinge. ' Administration Eager To Make Good Showing

Since the Democratic administration is open to short criticism if any phase of the adjustment program drags, considerable effort will be made to show results. Pressure applied to congress to hurry the legislation was exerted, too, with the Republicans perhaps in the less advantageous position since the original measure offered by the administration was considerably altered, first in the senate and later in the house. : When the President was asked for comment on Governor Dewey’s charge that the New Deal was afraid of the peace because it was uncertain that the economic problems would be satisfactorily solved, the President merely said we could say that he smiled broadly. Meanwhile, some members of the administration not sure whether smiles were in order have been out in the field attempting to find out just what ‘has been accomplished toward opening the way to full employment, which is generally admitted to be the one sure answer to the danger of a depression. The work of the Retraining and Reemployment administration if it .can show a good record can be an example of one of the first concrete steps. ; Reports of the informal investigators have not been made public. We do know that in some communities the local people have responded well. Many energetic mayors and chambers of commerce are ready and anxious to show their local industries the benefit of the possibilities of expansion. They have been active in making plans which will get the returned veteran or warworker a job, or get him in contact with the proper source for training ‘which will make him a potential benefit to the community. In such places the comymittees are quickly and easily formed and are prepared to function—in some cases are already functioning—effectively. After all, the federal government, by a unanimous vote in congress, produced the GI Bill of Rights, that welfare program opening a thousand effective channels for human readjustment, physical, moral, intellectual and economic, to normal life, to millions of servicemen.: It devolves upon their friends and ‘neighbors to see that their benefits ‘remain the benefits of the com‘munity rather than lose themto ‘some more energetic society or, by complete 'ne"gl‘ict," to. oblivion.

Total federal receipts jumped from $22,700,000,000 in fiscal 1943 to $40,500,000,000 in 1944, an increase of 78.7 per cent, according to a recent U.'S. treasury report. Analysis of the report by the Fed‘eration of Ta;; Administrators shows that more than $33,000,000,000 of the 1944 total, or 81.4 per cent, was brought in by income and excess profits taxes. All other taxes yielded about $7,500,000,000, almost equaling the total federal receipts in 1941.

Curare, a deadly poison that native Indians of the Amazon called “flying death’’ because they used it to make poison arrows, is now saving lives of the fighting men of United Nations, the office of the coordinator of Inter-American affairs reports, Curare is now used to relieve spastic paralysis and to relax the muscles of ‘mental patients undergoing convulsive shock.

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® Persons now engaged in essential industry will not apply without statement of availability from their local United States Employmgnt Service.

Shoemakers Wanted. Openings in every section of the country. Apply in writing to NATIONAL SHOE SERVICE 830 Summit Street - Toledo, Ohie.

BOOKBINDER In old established plarnt, union shop. Write C. T. NANKERYVIS CO. 222 East Ohio St., Indianapolis 4, Indiana.

FREEZER CARTONS

All Kinds Freezer and Locker cartons, bags and wrappmf paper for fruits, vegetables, meats, poultry, fish and lard. Gennett & Sons, #1 Main St., R.lehn}onl, Ind.

Saddles—Western; factory to you., 200 in stock. Send for catalog. NEWELL’S SADDLERY, 1627 8. Broadway, St. Louis 4, Mo.

Coon, Opossum, Fox, Rabbit and combination hunting hounds, shipped for frial. Write for free literature, showing pictures and breeding. Stati%dog interested. Kentucky Coonhound ‘Kennel, Paducah, Ky.

DELCO Light Distributer; new batteries, used plants, parts for Delco plants, pumps. R. 0. Deckard, Box 333, Bloomington, Ind.

BELTS AND PULLEYS

BELTS AND PULLEYS for refrigerators, washing machines, stokers, oil Lumelsi water pumps and farm machinery, M old belt for matching. 5 GENNETT & SONS #1 Main St. - Richmend, Indiana.

STOVE — FURNACE — BOILER — Tank heater grates, fire box linings, pots, bowls, etc., for all makes, Write your needs. The “WETTSCHURACKS,” Montmorenci, Ind.

“CLIPPER” FAN MILLS Werld’s Best Fanning Mill, Years ahead all others for cleaning, gradin’, separatin’, all kinds grain, seeds, beans. Lh:{ted Sup= ply ‘available., If interested in obtaining one, write for illus. folder, prices, etc. The “WETTSCHURACKS,” Montmorenci, Ind. olis. Open week daysonly 8 a. m.to 7 p. m.

GUERNSEY BULLS Serviceable or near serviceable age, Write for pedigree and records. Accredited herd. C. A. ROUSH - Hyntington, Indiana,

Central Illinois Angus Breeders’ Ass’n Annual Sale. 12 bulls including tried sires. g 0 females—cows with calves, bred and open he’fers. 50 registered 1944 heifers suitable for FFA and 4-H Clubs. Simon E. Lantz, Secretary & Mgr., Congerville, Il

Ewes sired by Chémlpiqn bred rams. Rams sired by one of the leading flocks in Canada, For catalog address ; H. M. BEEBE - Earl Park, Indiana.,

E:gittered Corfiedale Rams, $3O to $5O. prove your wool and market lambs. WALTER SHIEL, R. R. 14, Box 596 Indianapolis, Phone Br. 5168

KARAKULS—We procure our Karakul Sheep from the famous Yoakam héags in California. Have many flocks in Indiana. See us before purchasing. FRED H. REAM, Rt. 7, Dayton, Ohile.

80 Cheviot Rams, at reasonable prices. Hardiest, most prolific, beautiful medium wool breed. Bred for wool and mutton. DELLS VALLEY FARMS, Congerville, Il

TRICYCLE ORDERS TAKEN Ship anywhere. Rubber tires; full ball bearings; velocipede saddle; adjustable size from small-medium to large-medium, 16-inch front wheel; chrome-plated handlebars; rubber handlmﬂps: bright red finish. Guar,; $27.50. Limited sung‘l‘);“avanable. Matthews, 34th and Central, anapslis. Open week daysonly 8 a. m. to 7p. m.

OFFICE EQUIPMENT

ADDING MACHINES, typewriters, Elliott addressirag machines completely reconditioned and guaranteed. Office machinesand furniture bougxt and sold, Hiller Office Supply Co., 132 E. Washington, Indianapoelis.

127 'ways to build your oWn business; home og ;office. Frg details. Write VICTORY, Box 179¢, Dowagiav 1, Mich,

Comp. Stock Cleaning Compounds, janitor supplies, bar and restaurant glassware. Send orders, inquiries Magic Sanitary Produets, 3640 W. Ogden Ave,, Chicago 23, 111.

WE C SELL FARMS, ci roperty, businesAs%n 10 days. w‘ifm t’,, ,p " Drake Auction Service, Kemption, Indiana,

SONGS AND SONG POEMS, with or without music, wanted for publication. g Write now for free royaity } ; gublicatiou offer. " - PURITAN PUBLISHING CO., DEPT A 848 So. Dearborn St. - Chicago &, Il

WNU—J

SADDLES

HUNTING DOGS

Lighting Equipment

‘STOVE REPAIRS

FANNING MILLS

CATTLE

SHEEP

REGISTERED SHROPSHIRE SHEEP SALE . October 9th, 1944

TRICYCLES

OPPORTUNITIES

MISCELLANEOUS

AUCTION SERVICE

MUSIC

—Buy War Savings Bonds—

#To relieve distress of MONTHLY ~ (Also Fine Stomachic Tonic) - Lydia E. Pinkham's wﬁenblo Compound is famous to relieve periodic BRk oS R Lo h&knen mg~ Pindk‘t'um Oo.: ' 's . pound heibs budld Gp resistAnce against such annoying symptoms I o YAt ReE o . w nature and”tlmt'a the kind of medi "'m to buyl Follow label directions. - y LYDIA E. PINKHAN'S {SSiasts

39—4