Ligonier Banner., Volume 78, Number 33, Ligonier, Noble County, 24 August 1944 — Page 3

Air Evacuation of Wounded Takes Its Place With Sulfa Drugs and Blood Plasma as One of Modern Military Medicine’s Greatest Life-Saving Plans

By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

Released by Western Newspaper Union. H E WAS one of the doughboys who jumped down from a landing barge to the sandy shore of Normandy on D-Day. A chattering machine gunina German pillbox, that hadn’t yet been silenced, sprayed lead across his path and he slumped to the ground. There was a cry of ‘“Medic! Medic!’”’ and a moment later skilled hands were binding upshis gaping wounds. The next morning four planes (unarmed C-545) swooped down near the field hospital where he lay. Land mines were exploding 150 yards away when the first two ships landed. Out from these planes sprang two flight nurses —Marjean Brown of Columbus, Ohio, and Suella Bernard of Waynesville, Ohio. “All right, soldier, you’re going to take a little trip with us!” smiled one of them.

Within two hours they had gathered up not only this GI Joe but dozens of other desperately wounded, loaded them into the planes which were soon winging their way back to England. Two weeks in an American army hospital there and then on June 29 a huge Air Transport Command plane settled down on an airfield on Long Island, N. Y. It was just 19 hours since it had left the British Isles. ‘

A day’s rest in a hospital near “New York—then aboard a plane again. And today this GI Joe is convalescing in an army hospital out in the Colorado Rockies, near enough to his home so that Dad and Mom and Sis can come to see him get well. It’s several thousand miles from the place where his blood dyed the sarids of the French coast to this place where both his body and mind are being healed of the wounds of war but this cycle of life, near-death, then life again, is encompassed within the time span of less than four weeks! :

The reason for this can be summed up in two words: air evacuation. No wonder that Maj. Gen. David N. Grant, air surgeon for the army air forces, was able to declare recently that the army’s system of air evacuation of its wounded takes its place with sulfa drugs and blood plasma as ‘‘one of the three greatest life-saving measures of modern military medicine’’! Because of air evacuation, men are alive today who would have perished in the jungles of Makin island or on the Anzio beachhead, and personnel of the air transport command’s ferrying division, who have participated in the air evacuation of more than 7,500 war wounded, have no hesitancy in indorsing the air surgeon’s statement. It’s a part of the army’s policy of handling wounded soldiers.through a progressive system of unit hospi~ talization which has been developed to a high degree under the direction of Maj. Gen, Norman T, Kirk, surgeon general of the army. Because. of front-line treatment given American soldiers, more than 97 per cent of the wounded brought from battlefields to evacuation hospitals have been saved. Once the wounded have been treated, they must be sent to hospitals far from the scene of battle where they can rest and recover‘and, of course, the quickest way to get them there is by airplane. Part of these wounded have been flown from foreign theaters of ‘war to. their homeland and thousands of them have been flown from hospitals on the coast to hospitals near their homes where they can convalesce and benefit in spirit from visits of -family and friends, for it is a basic army policy to get its wounded soldiers as close to home as possible for the convalescent period. 3 514

In.a recent report on the handling of men wounded during the invasion of France, Maj. Gen. Paul R. Hawley, chief surgeon of the European theater of war, stated: ““There has not been the slightest hitch in the chain of evacuation. As a result of the speed with .which these wounded were evacuated from Normandy, the condition of the casualties on arrival in the United Kingdom has been surprisingly fine.”” To that comment might be added the fact that approximately 4,000 sick and wounded have been returned to this country aboard Air Transport command planes, part of them over regularly scheduled transport services operated by the ferrying division of ATC.

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GOING HOME—A soldier is carried aboard a plane operated by the ferrying division of Air Transport command and in a few minutes will be flying to a hospital in the vicinity of his home. Flight surgeons inside the aircraft supervise the job.

Many hops are as long as 12,000 miles. Only one patient among those evacuated by the Air Transport command- has been lost as the result of air travel. :

Cooperation Does It.

Close cooperation between the several organizations of the army makes possible successful air evacuation of the war wounded. The combat air forces outside the United States, the foreign wings of Air Transport command and various air commands in the United States, notably the First Trooper Carrier command, have done experimental work on the problem. In 1943, a total of 173,527 sick and wounded patients were evacuated by American military aircraft throughout the world, ATC carrying all those returned to this country. Here is the way evacuation from the combat areas is accomplished: Suppose the scene ‘is‘ Anzio. beachhead. Medical corpsmen have toiled across the bullet-swept area, given a guy named Jim emergency attention, then inched back with him to the beach where he receives more extended treatment. At a nearby clearing station, the flight surgeon classifies the patients. He determines that this soldier, just arrived from the front, has a serious head wound which requires immediate surgical attention. When the transport plane flies in, Jim is among the outgoing patients.

The medical air evacuation units transform the plane from its troop or cargo-carrying mission and do it quickly lest snipers or bombs disable the aircraft. Litter equipment is installed in three or four tiers and as many, as 24 patients are loaded. Two men- carry each litter to the plane, two more place it in position inside and a third man inside fastens it in place. . In an emergency, the flight nurse in the plane must use untrained personnel for this work and occasionally she takes the place of a loader. . ‘When the plane takes off, the flight nurse is in medical charge.: Only in extreme emergencies does the flight surgeon accompany her. A surgeon checks, when possible, during the refueling stops. Otherwise the flight nurse and a surgical tech‘nician, an ‘enlisted man with noncommissioned officers’ rating, handle the patients. The plane is equipped with an ambulance chest which is a small trurkk containing bandages, medicine for the relief of pain, equipment for administering intra--venous medication and blood plasma also is on the plane. 'Once in the air, the flight nurse is in. complete charge, "aided by a trained staff sergeant.” Aloft she handles any emergency and does anything a doctor would have to do —except operate. Already the men borne aloft from Anzio were feeling ‘better. Removed from the din of battle, their shock ' condition improved. Jim, for example, mustered sufficient interest in life to ask ‘where he was going. ‘Six hours after he left Anz'ﬁ he was in a base hospital in North Africa undergoing a delicate brain operation. . The evacuation chain does not end at the base hospital overseas. Efficiency and medical factors suggest that the men be kept moving rearward until they are as close to home ‘as possible. Part of the wounded, of course, come home by ship. Pa-

THE LIGONIER BANNER, LIGONIER, IND.

tients for the trans-ocean flights are selected by flight surgeons.

Four Kinds of Patients.

Patients’ general fitness for air travel is the deciding factor and they are grouped into four medical categories: (1) Mental patients requiring security accommodations en route; (2) Hospital litter patients who must remain in bed, services rendered by !&her individuals; (3) Ambulance patients requiring medical care en route from other individuals; (4) Troop class patients needing little medical care en route who can take care of themselves, even in emergencies. ‘ s Air evacuation .increases. enormously - once the patients: have reached coastal receiving hospitals in the United States, either by aircraft or by surface shipping. The same system of screening is employed ‘at the coastal receiving hospitals that was described previously as prevailing overseas. Urgency of the patients’ conditions, together’ with their susceptibility to air transportation are primary considerations. A

Sergt. Walter A. Smith of Springfield, Mass., can testify that the army doesn’t stint on its resources when one of its wounded needs special attention. On May 9, 1944, he was wounded in action in Italy. He reached the United States June 14 in a convoy and entered Baker General hospital at Martinsbury, W. Va. An examination by the staff there revealed that immediate surgical attention was necessary. Ashford General hospital at White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., had the specialist for the type of operation required. Two mornings later a ferrying division plane was at Hagerstown, Md., when Sergeant Smith arrived by ambulance. He _was - placed aboard with a full crew making certain that the solitary patient received every attention. By noon that day, the sergeant was on the operating table at Ashford General hospital receiving the best surgical care that the army has. : 7,000 Patients Moved.

Ordjnarily ferrying division planes engaged in air evacuation are completely utilized with all spdce occupied. Within the continental United States, the evacuation by air of the army’s war wounded is the responsibility of the ferrying division of the Air Transport command. Since this responsibility was assumed more than 7,000 patients have been moved without injury to any of the personnel involved. . . it :

‘“The air evacuation of «sick and wounded personnel of the armed forces was pioneered by the medical services with the AAF and it can be considered as one of the greatest - life-saving - measures in modern military medicine,”” Lieut. Col. ‘Andres G. Oliver, surgeon of the ferrying division comments, “Its rapid and comfortable : delivery of the patient to a hospital where he or she will get the best (and most specialized) treatment; or to another closer to his -home, where his convalescence will be shorter and far more pleasant, has become a great morale factor among our returning heroes.” :

Thus justice is being served when the aircraft, so terrible an instrument of death and destruction, can be converted to such humanitarian functions as air evacuation. e

Air Medal Ribbon Winner

MORALE BUILDER--Typical of «the -flight nurses: assigned to the “ferrying division of the Air Trans- - port command ‘is Lieut. Gerda H. +.Bonwhnis- of Kalamazoo, Mich. In .. this picture she is giving a.wounded . soldier. some. attention that is ohviously much-appreoiated. Lientenant ~s.:!ouwhuis .wears the. Air Medal ribon in ree sm;ﬁ .of heroic. services perfon%e’d E"t‘i::f South Pactfic war theater. |

VYT e (0t D I e L) O

Capital Answers Urgent Appeal for Farm Help

Political Bigwigs, War Workers, Service Folk, Pitch In to Aid in Production of Orchard and Field Crops. '

WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. _ Washington, the town ot*zureaucrats, of desk-soldiers and sailors, the place that tells you wha‘g to do and ‘“‘don't do nothin’ ”’ itself but ‘“jes’ keeps rollin’ along.” . I know that’s what you say about us. 3

But when it comes to volunteering for the emergency farm labor program—how about your national

capital? e il L Believe me, Washington is in there pitching. avema i I use the figure of speech advisedly for the man who rallied a corps of volunteer farm help which will probably amount to fifteen thousand citizens of the District of Columbia by the time the peach and apple harvest is at its height, is an old ball-player. Not so old at that for Johnny Jones, formerly of the Philadelphia Athletics, farm boy from Coatsville, Pa., and now of the department of agriculture extension service, is practically fresh off the diamond. He quit baseball in 1936 and is now back as near to the calling of his fathers as he could get. .Jones’ job is dealing with the farm-help shortage and I interrupted him while he was in batting for a

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Woman marine digs postholes.

missing mimeographer because of his own private manpower shortage. He had just rolled off several thousand forms inviting government officials, war-workers, simple citizens and others in the District, to attend his vacation camps which are already rapidly filling. T

We aren’t allowed to tell names of the higher-ups who volunteer but Jones has helpers who give their Sundays, or longer periods% from the White House staff, the offices of cabinet members, sendtors and congressmen. If it weren’t an election year he thinks he'd have quite a showing of the senators themselves.

But what he takes most pride in is the service folk. This includes the girls, the WACs and the WAVES, and the Marines and the SPARS, as well as the 'sailors and soldiers on duty here or convalescing. < Tells It to Marines With Good Results : The other day a tobacco farmer over the district line in Virginia (Jones’ territory doesn’t run more than 125 miles from the White House) wanted to clear an acre of thick timber needed for firewood—it takes a lot of smoke to cure the tobacco for your smokes. He couldn’t hire help locally. Jones “told it to the Marines” (female) and some 50 answered with action. They cut the timber (trees of about 28 inches), sawed it into eight-foot lengths, piled it up. : :

" And soldiers and sailors seem glad to take a week’s furlough to go out and pitch hay, get in the wheat and tobacco crops, or turn a hand to any. other little chore. They say they consider it a great relief from loafing around a hospital or guarding government buildings or doing any other of the strictly military jobs they have. : Even among the groups of girls, Jones says you’ll find enough who can run a tractor or hitch and drive a team of horses. One group cleared five and a half acres, cut the trees, sawed them up, burned the brush, And there is no shortage of civil-

BRIEFS...by Baukhage

A German soldier captured in France had written the following in ‘his notebook: *“‘Blessed are. those who retreat for they'will see their “homeland again.’’ © o nes v e “«Prodietion , of, 12,782, {;;e‘le.agic “ranges in the third quarter of 1944 ' has been_authorized to:three manufacturers without interfering with “war work., ;

By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator.

ian help either. As elsewhere there are the boys’ and girls’ camps which run all summer; there are other vacation camps where grown-ups stay a week, get a dollar and a half a day expenses, and earn 35 cents anhour; or at peach-picking as much or more than $3.50 a day at 10 cents a basket, if they are handy. Some earn; $lO a day at that rate but they: are old hands. * * = Postwar . German : Underground Seen

There is nothing new to Europeans about an “underground monument” which might be defined as a group of persons, united by an idea, which persists as an opposition to a particular government with the purpose of eventually overthrowing that government. £

With the defeat of Germany it can be taken for granted that two German movements will begin to burrow, perhaps retiring to ‘‘previously prepared positions’” in the language of the communiques of a retreating army. They are the Junkers and the Nazis.

At the present writing, for the first time in history, military control of Germany has been wrested from the hands of the junker-gen-erals. They did their best to act on their ancient adage: ‘“We as a caste, must always live to fight another day.” A lost war to themsig

an incident and considered merely a temporary set-back on the road to eventual world-domination. To that end they planned a peace before their -ranks were too greatly*weakened or their resources exhausted. But the Nazis stepped in, wrecked their plans. As a caste they will probably be completely destroyed, their estates and therefore their means of livelihood removed. What many people do not know is that the German high command had their own private funds, voted by the government, which they managed themselves for the benefit of the army. : L Whether thé Nazis have obtained this, remains to be seen. But in any case, you may be sure the burning patriotism of those junkers who survive will keep an underground organization alive. And then comes the Nazis, with a younger but equally fanatical loyalty to national socialism. Their underground organizations we know are already prepared.

Meanwhile there is a strong suspicion on the part of many persons in Washington that a third brleding place for totalitarian militarfSm .is being cultivated right here in the Western hemisphere.

In the past weeks I have received several letters and one telephone call protesting against the action of the state department in breaking relations with Argentina. So far as I could tell the persons who communicated with me were perfectly honest. They all stressed the known fact that the chief characteristic of the Argentina attitude is traditionally “pro-Argentine,” nationalists. The inference was that the government ‘was not anti-North American or pro-nazi-fascist, and should be let alone. As a matter of fact, aside from Argentine’s own aims there seems to be evidence that the German Nazis and perhaps some of the German Junkers are transferring their wealth to Argentina. < There is not the -slightest doubt that the Buenos Aires government has aided and abetted in the spread of nazi-fascist propaganda and is that, at this very moment looking sympathetically on the activities of Nazi agents within its borders. The army has long been indoctrinated ‘with Prussian militarism through its officers who have been trained in Germany. ; ' Unless the United States takes the lead in applying sanctions in the form of a strict embargo on Argentina, we may find ourselves with a tull-fledged war of aggression on our hands right here in our own hemi‘sphere. : In the case of Argentina we may be witnessing not only the growth of a powerful military dictatorship but one which will be used to nourish ‘and sustain the very forces which we have spent our blood and wealth to suppress in Europe—an ‘‘overground” underground. :

A new simple method for detecting slow leaks 'in tires ‘of automotive vehicles so as to minimize the possibility of ‘flats’’ .along the: highway is outlined in detail in:a pamphlet just . issued by : Office ‘of Defense Trenegovtatian. o . . . PR e e : German dentists have been ordered to restrict their care of patients ‘“to urgent measures.”

Lawn Chair Is Like Mother’s and Dad’s

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HERE is a pint-size lawn chair to delight the children and their young visitors. The seat is 10%2 inches high, 13 inches. deep and 15 inches wide—a good size for little ones now and roomy enough to be comfortable right up through their early teens.

A hammer and saw and screwdriver are all the tools you need to make this chair as well as the

28 IT 1S EASY TO MAKE A CHILD'S CHAIR TO MATCH LARGER | A :‘\ ONES ON YOUR LAWN - \ PEay SR s | T P / ‘ Vi I‘% e / ’ Y o .'-". /‘M. ™ L "sa Tl { == 1 Vi “TEr7R <22~ 1| S\igf‘”‘:/’ LI e {;\\ia S

larger edition that you see in the sketch. All the pieces are straight cuts of standard widths, yet both of them have seats and backs at comfortable angles. The lines and proportions -are good and the backs are removable for winter storage. L e e NOTE—Pattern 253 gives a complete list of materials, large diagrams for cutting all the pieces of the child’s chair and step-by-step directions for assembling. Pattern 269 lists materials with diagrams and directions for the adult-size chair. Patterns are 15 cents each postpaid, or both patterns for 25 cents. Order from:

MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS Bedford Hills New York Drawer 10 Enclose 15 cents for Pattern 233, or 25 cents for Patterns 253 and 269. Name____________ AR i

Willys k builds the ~ rugged v Light Truck ¢ Passenger Car I V Light Tractor ¢ Power Plant

' L - ABOUT f) RUBBER AP "?( r Using a combination of natu« ral and synthetic rubber in the post-war period may result in auvtomobile tires that will establish new high marks . for longevity, according to @ B. F. Goodrich chemical tech- * nician. He cites the big mile- . age returned from Goodrich synthetic tires, made in 1940 and composed of both types : of rubber, as the basis for his predictions about post- - war tires. : ‘ Ancther reason for tires for essential transportation: At the beginning of last year, 85,168 school buses were In service transporting 4,258,788 children over 1,383,091 miles of one-way route, « ;

VT BFGoodrich FIRST IN RUBBER SN} U %

Relieved in 5 minutes or double money back I When excess lml.ln ngld umg}:dnfol. rl’n,tfoelb m&”ﬁo fastest-acting medicines known for mﬁgmﬁi"e lnliof-medlcinu liké&thosein Belll-on: &ﬂy or’doubl:l{onn;:onqy back on return of bottle us. 25¢ at all druggists.

I ETd& N NI 0] . JusT A ?‘g&'m:?“&m".ﬁ"' DASH IN FEATHERS.. : : E. OR SPREAD ON ROOSTS

e 2 ” «‘ Q) , ";7) e 'ﬁ‘v‘\\ﬁ ;\ 2 ? ’ N - - \.\ \mﬁ . 3 , -Q’a‘ 5 0 A § S : .“‘.)_:e~ i, 8 ,( - Preserve Our Liberty Buy U. S. War Bonds