Ligonier Banner., Volume 55, Number 51B, Ligonier, Noble County, 16 February 1922 — Page 3

FOCGH IS GIVEN INDIAN AWEE

Cafled “Charging Lightning” by

Teton-Dakotas.

EXPLAINED BY HISTORIAH

Significance of Ceremony and Smoking . of the Pipe Set Forth by Curator of North Dakota Historical Society—-“Wakinyan-Watakpe” Are Waords in . Language of Dakota Nation for Name Given Marshal—Chief Delivers Eloquent Speech.

All the mystery of the Indian understanding of life, earth, water and sky entered into the cereinony in whi“Fh e members of the Teton tribe of the Sioux named Marshal Foch and smoked with him the pipe of peace, according to Melvin R. Gilmore, curator of the North Dakota Historical society. e s In the rush of completing thé reremony within the allotted few minufes a wrong interpretation was placed upon the name bestowed by Red Tomahawk, according to Mr. Gilmore, who had the Indian chief repeat the name after the ceremony, that he might be certain of having 1§ correctly placed in his historical records. ' . Marshal Foch is placed in the myihology of the Tetons as Charging Lightning, the words for thunder and lightving being almost the same. ~ Speech of Indian Chief. : Doctor Gilmore's historical statement of the event says in part: “Marshal Foch was met by a delegation of Teton-Dakotas from the Stand: ing Rock reservation of the Dakota nation. The leader of this delegation was Red Tomahawk, who ceremoninlly presented a pipe to Marshal Foch and a#lso conferred upon him a name in the Dakota nation. In his speech to the marshal he said: ‘My friend, the first time I ever heard of the great general, Marshal Foch, was at the time when we sent our young men to France, At that time I never thought that I should ever see the great general; but today I have the honor and the pleasure to see him, nd I am glad. The young men of the French natlon and young men of the Dakota nation fought together in the same cause against our common enemy, and somae of both nations died together in that struggle and were buried in the same ground.’ e 2 “Then he held up the pipe and said: ‘Among my people, the Dakotas, it is our custom to offer the pipe and smoke together; so In like manner I wish to smoke with the marshal and to give him this pipe as a token of friendship. Now the meaning of the pipe and itg parts are these: The,pipe bowl is made from catlinite, a red stone which is found only in southwestern Minnesota. The stone in this use signifies firm and lasting friendship, The pipe stem is of ashwood, and signifies that - our friendship shall be durable and un-

Meaning of Colors.

+# “The hollow of the pipe stem throu’gh,l which we draw the smoke is straight, signifying that the words proceeding from our lips shall be just and true and that our paths shall be straight. The colors of these ribbons upon. tlie pipe stem also have their meaning. The white signifies that all former differences are cleared away, and .we shall be candid friends. The red ribbon is the color of blood and signifies that we are all of one blood.” I “Then Red Tomahawk held the pipe first to the north, then east, to south and to the west; then aloft tothe sky, then downward to Mother Earth. This was a form of invocation to all the Divine powers. ¢ ‘“He thBn lighted his pipe and drew upon it, and then offered the mouthpiece to the marshal, who also drew’ upon it, and then to Majer Welch. Red Tomahawk was obliged to abbreviate the ceremony because of lack of time. He also abbreviated the explanstions of the symbolism for the same reason., If time had permitted all should have been seated upon the ground. = ~ “The material for smoking with “which the pipe was filled was a mixture of tobacco and the inner bark of a native shrub, a specles of dogwood, Cornus stolonifera. : “Tobacco is invested. with something of mystery and sacredness in the Indian thought, and was used cere~monially in the manner of incense. “After delivering the pipe to Marshal Foeh Red Tomabawk declared his desire and purpose to confer upon the marshal the honor of a name in the Dakota nation, Wakinyan Watikpe. This name with which Red Tomahawk invested the marshal has significance in connection with the his‘toric message sent by the marshal at the first battle of the Marne: ‘The situation is excellent. 1 am attacking!” The meaning of the Dakota word watakpe is ‘to make an attack,’ “to charge.’ The meaning of the Da‘kota word wakinyan is lightning. Therefore the meaning of the name s “ightning in attack’ or ‘lightning which "stiacka?” = . Lo oy

Bandits Apologize to. Man They Shot. “We are sorry we shot you, Jack, but we thought you were following us. We all hope you will recover soon.” This was the letter received by John Williams of Panama, 111, from four bandits who shot him while they were robbing the city bank of $Bl,OOO. =

Mrs. Elizabeth [.amb Electrical Faeial and Sealp Massage Manicuring, Shampooing : Hair Tinting and Hair Dressiag , - Marinello Tollet Preparations

PEOPLE OF OUR TOWN

) - - o -‘-’;-":-; " o : P © f~_ nNawt = BN ey Ay W ‘, ‘. HARD Times” & : ::‘\/. .\COMQNGV“‘"' iYs . Z X - ouSY TeE'SHT | A = Umes’Gomel | . ' 4// - - - & Gav @ ;:—-:T/—.,‘——:—-— ~ St — 5 ; , Qo 5 ? & AGLE - v - - - B E - & ,"‘}“*-'.Jffi?"‘ i ; = - £ ~\A A 2 ~ Zanllt S Ra g . /-"'\\j 2 | i D~ | S

Gaze on O. B. Cheerful, the CheerUp Chap. Instead of Going Around with a Face as Long as a Horse's, he is Full of Pep and never Worries. And he Gets By just as Well as us Gloomy Guys and has Lots more Fun.

FIRST CUPBOARD IN AMERICA

Said to Have Been Brought to the Country by Lord Fairfax—- , . Preceded Cellarette.

It was not the custom until a recent period for each person to have a separate drinking vessel, and even as late ds 1856 one -writer says; “As for drinke, it is usually filled in pots, gob lets, jugs, bols of silver in noblemen’s houses; also in fine Venice glasses of all forms, and for want of these elsesvhere pots of earth are used, All of which are seldom set upon- the table, but each one, as pecessitle urges, ealleth for a ety of such drinke as he liges . : } A “cupboarid richly garnished” was therefore a necessity in those days. That wus oné of the ways people displayed their wealth, Lord Fairfax is said to have brought the first cupboard to this country when he settled in Virginia, The framework of the first “cupboards” was always covered with “cupboard carpet” and for this purpose rugs of “Turkeyworke” were imported from the East and became the first harbingers of those‘larger coverings to which nowadays alone the word carpet is attached. The change from an open stagework to an enclosed “*cupboard,” in ‘the ~modern sense, was a_ gradual one, \anq arose out of the pilfering tendencies of the servants of those days. ‘“Almeries,” or classets, were, therefore, places in the lower part of the staging, into which the food was placed: The cupPboard then became a ‘“‘gardeviance,” and is frequently mentioned “by old authors, After came the cellaretee.

HOW ISLANDS WERE PEOPLED

Anthropologists Believe 1t Was as a ‘Result of Involuntary Voyages e Made by Savages, }

~ Sixteen natives of the Pelew islands in the north Pacific made an involuntary canoe voyage to-Formosa, which anthropologists find interesting. As reporied, the voyage seems to add proof to a current theory of the manper in which the innumerable islands of Oceanica yere settled by man. . .Now, the Pelew islands lie east -of the southern groups of the Philippines. Sixteen savages in three canoces with outriggers were fishing. near one- of the islands when a gale blew up and carried them out to sea. They had nothing to eaf but fish, - They were driven out for many days, some say. sixty, in which ,time they probably traveled sixteen hundred miles in various directions, and at last sighted Formosa, an island of which they had never heard. g : Almost dead from exhaustion, they landed and were kindly treated by the natives of that island. © When they were ‘able to eat and had regained their strength they were sent th Hongkong, thence to the Caroline islands and from there home in a trading schooner. After more than three months' absence they were hailed by their friends as risen from the dead, It is by such involuntary voyages, anthropologists think, that man was placed on many of the widely scattered islands. =

The ‘Tha«csgiving Cranberry. Probably very little is generally known as to the origin of the eranberry. Originally it grew wild, as, in fact, [t does today in several of the Canadian border states, in the salt marshes of the coast states, in the glades of the Alleghanies and as far south*as- Virginia and the Carolinas. The wild cranberry, however, is distinctly inferior to its cultivated ‘relative. Both grow on ‘a small, hardy shrub, about six inches m height. The fruit takes its name from the appearance of the flower, which, just before expanding into perfection, bears a marked resemblance to, the neck, head and bill of a crane. Hence the name “crane-berry,” which has become *‘cranberry.” Thanksgiving énd the cranberry are one and inseparable. During the year the cranberry market is steady, but in the month of November the demand is phenowmenal, over half of the ycar's crop being disposed of ‘within 80 days. Over a million bushels are marketed each year in the United States, o Shy

~ CHARLES'V'INKS AND SON g ,D';eélarln', : - Mmmu. : leu, _,"!féinb::om; ;

LIGONTER BANNER, LIGONIER, INDIANA.

NEW PEST DESTROYS WHEAT

Men of Science dhlled to Combat the Fearsome Creature Known as : Trogoderma Khapra. :

Beware ‘of the fearsome Trogoderma Khapra! says an English correspondent, ' . o : This creature, with the name of an. oriental villain, 18 a new insect pest which has already worked amazing havoc among stores of wheat and malt. First discovered in 1917 by Mr. G. T. Arrow, of the Entomological department of the British museum, it is now reproducing its species so rapiély that it has become a pest of serious economic importance. : , . i ‘A small insect, measuring about 3 m. m. in length, the trogoderma khapra eats itself into the heart of the wheat and malt grain, leaving nothing but the husk. : ; Many recent cases are reported in which hundreds of quarters of grain have been eaten by the vermin, and its depredations are’' causing great anxiety. ; | A remarkable example furnished by the board of applied pestology Involves a shipment of malt. A number of sacks, containing the malt; were stacked on, the dockside awaiting transference. A burly workman, employed on the job, was about to move a 2 cwt. sack and summoned all his strength for the exertion. He guve a tremendous tug—and then to his amazement found that his pull met with no resistance from the sack. It was as light as air. e i This destructive creature is one of the pests against which the newly' formed board of applied pestology is directing its sclentific energies.—Mont- 1 real Family Herald. i |

HIDE JEWELS IN SANDWICHES

Germans Resort to All Sorts of Devices to Get Treasure Out of the Country.

Sandwiches spread with gold pieces or dlamonds and eggs spiced with unset gems have been successfully used by international smugglers to get such valugbles out of Germtany until in two recent cases the customs officials became suspicious of these travel luncheons and discovered the -deception. Now all “snacks” are carefully examined at the frontier.. : ; A German merchant, whose lunch basket attracted the attention of the Polish customs officials at the frontier station of Konitz, was found to have a layer of gold coins Interlarded between the layers of every sandwich and covered with a thick coating of butter, while each egg nested a valuable diamond. The total of his cqnfiscateq hoard was estimated at 18,000,000 Pol--ish marks. S 5 His fellow smuggler, a Dutch merchant, was Intercepted at about the same time at the Holland frontier. | While the officlals were vainly searching his baggage, they were struek by the faet that he was ostentatiously but rather mervously devoting himself to a huge sandwich, They found imbedded in the bread and butter three diamond rings, a diamond brooch and ‘a number of loose diamonds. Further search disclosed 44 unset diamonds concealed in a cigar lighter.—Milwaukee Journal. .

Moonshiner Advertises His Wares. North Carolina has a moonshiner who believes in advertising his wares., Revenue officers in Asheville recently came across a bottle with a unique label, which they sent to Commissioner Blair, himself a North Carolinian. This label was the advertisement of the moonshiner and it reads as follows: S i ' “Pure mountain korn likker. Bottled in a barar Made in the backwoods of the Mountains™ of Western North Carolina by an old-time blockader, that don’t give a dam ior laws and prohibition. Retalled on the Ashevgle market by all the high-class bootléZgers for five bones per pint and is worth every cent of it. Guaranteed to be strong enough to make you drunk as the devil in ten minutes and mean enough to make a baby bullfrog spit in a whale’s face. Shake well and get ready to have a fit before drink--1ng;” : “The label has been added to the internal revenue bureau’s museum.— Exchange. L -

Live Wedding Presents,

Lord Morton has revived old traditions of Scotch chieftainship, writes a correspondent, by his practical and patriarchal gift of a flock of sheep to bhis son on his marriage. Such wedding gifts must have becn congnon enough when the .Douglas -chiefs ruled with a high hand in tervitories where there was little aé¢tual money. Theancestor of Lord Morton “was second chief of the Douglas clan, and the greatness of this family began with the ‘acquisition of wide lands in the Fourteenth centu:ry. culminating in the fourth earl, the great Regent of Scot-. land, tou great for safety, for he was attainted and executed. But the Morton earls soon recovered from this blow and, 50 years later, the seventh egrl was one of the richest and most powerful men In the .kingdom. =~ -

~ Coal or Water? - A new French estimate of the world’s water power resources credits the United States with 80,000,000 available horsepower ; Canada with=2s,ooo, 000; Norway with 7,500,000. Sweden with 6,750,000; . Austro-Hungary dis-: trict with 6,750,000; Italy and Spain with about 5,000,000 each; Germany' with only 1,500,000, and England with 1,000,000, have a supposed compensating advantage in their supblies of coal.

W.H. WIGTON. Atfé"rfiéy*at—!aw. & v : Office i Zimmerman Block, ~ LIGUN[ER, IND.,

TEXAS ACQUIRES FAMOUS LIBRARY

University Gets Collection of . Mexican Manuscripts.

GONTAINS MANY RARE VOLUMES

Among Them the Original Diary of Santa Anna, Mexican Commander in the War With .the United States —-With Rare Exceptions the Books and Manuscripts Are in Excellent State of Preservation—Wlll Be Ac--cossible Only to Students.

‘Further examination of the famous library of the late Genaro Garcia of the City of Mexico, which has been bought by the University of Texas for $lOO,OOO, reveals that it contains many collections of rare manuscripts as well as printed volumes. In the lot is the original diary of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the Mexican commander in the American war wh Mexico. It contains an account of the capture of Santa Anna’s wooden leg by Illinois troops near Jalapa. It differs in no material respect from that which is already a part of history. The diary is bound in worn red leather and fastened with faded sfring cords. |lt comprised 186 pages of heavy. paper, wriften in bold, angular -Spanish, every letter plainly legible despite its 785 years. Santa Anna wrote the diary at different periods -in his career, the folio -being &ivided into eight chapters: The prologue, his political and military history from 1810 to 1821, the republic, ‘the year of his presidency, the Spanish inva: sion, Vera Cruz, the presidency and the conclusion. Included in the volume are several printed notices and forms in Spanish which have to do with his political campaignings. The ‘diary is not only well nigh priceless because "of the historical memoirs which it contains but is valuable for the personal incidents therein chronicled. ' ; % A Bull of Gregory XV. . There is a papal bull among the archives, which was issued by Pope Gregory XV to the crown of Spaln, and having to do with the religious. ‘doctrines of Mexico at the time when that country was first under the rule of Spain. The bull, issued in 1621, is & huge, square affair of yellowed parchment, printed in gold, in Italian, The borders are elaborately-decorated with hand-painted scrolls of dull blue and red and gold. In 'the upper cor.ners are painted the royal crest of Spain and the seal of the pontificate. In the lower corner are the dim signatures of the pope and other officials ‘of the Roman Catholic church of that period. On the back are written various annotations by the Mexican com‘menfators. Senor Garcia considered this one of the most prized possessions of ‘his collection. e Besides the older and more valued books and manuscripts, there is a notable aggregation of more recent. volumes. Among these are printed editions of the correspondence of Maximilian, the correspondence of Santa Anna and numerous books of genealogy containing equisitely printed 41lustrations of a religious character. The printed works number 14,346, Among -this collection are many items of which no duplicates are known to exist, as, for instance, the first copy from Puebla, the first book published in America, Volume II of the History ~of Mexico -by Suares Navarro, the Athenpagorica petter and the Allegori‘cal Neptune. “There are also printed works, which, although they are not the only known coples, are nevertheless very costly, among them a file of El Imparcial, the most noted newspaper in Mexico, which was published from 1896 to 1914, : :

Thousands of Manuscripts.

The manuscript items numbered several thousand. Most of them have never been published. Among ‘this group are three Mexican codices; the romances of the Aztéc Languages by Father Tover; the autographic¢ patents of all the first Augustinian religeuses who took the vows in Mexico, and the archives of. Father Mier, one of the most distinguished insurgents, - G : With very rare exception the items in the library are in 4 splendid state of preserquon, which is remarkable; owing to the fact that they were housed” in damp, musty, refrigeratorlike rooms, and burled beneath years of dust, according to E. W. Winkler, reference librarian of the university, who went to Mexico last spring to catalogue the books and make the purchase. The task of classifylng and. cataloguing the books Is now under ‘'way and Mrs. Mattie Austin Hatcher, archivist in history, thinks it will be two years before the classification is cotitpilete, "L el e T . The collection will be placed behind: steel gates in a room in the east wing of the ground floor of the library, where they will be accessible only. te ‘those students who are specializing in history. or Spanish, o

Coast Guards Save 1,621 Lives in Year. Coast guards saved the livés of 1,621 persons during the year ending last June 30, according to a report to Capt. W. E. Reynolds, commander of the Rervice. Assistince was given to vessels carrying a total of 14,013 passengers and having cargoes worth $66,-

. SCALP TREATMENT . Shampooing and Manlcuring | Emma C. Taylor Dr, Gants “'Resldene“e, Qe Door Sonth of Presbyterian (Chureh:- . Ligouer, Indians -

PEOPLE OF OUR TOWN

7 : . | ! = 2y & 2 e o TOE o S ((u-/’\ E: ! : . ‘ %= ,/‘ wapeS e

Our Village Loafer is getting a Good PFlling from the Town Grouch, who has an Armor Plate Nerve and Doesp’t Care what He Says. Every Town should have an Officlal Grouch to Bawl Out the Town Pests and Say the Things that Need Saying,

MOST ILLITERATE CITY IS 60ING TO SCHOOL

New Bedford, Mass., Has Scores of Classes for Its Many Aliens.

Federal cgnsus figures show that the percentage of 12.1 of illiteracy among persons of ten years of age and over in New Bedford, Mass,, is the highest of any city of 100,000 population in the country, but no city in Massachusetts is doing as much through education;, according to the state supervisor of Americanization. The illiteracy percentage for the state as a whole , 18 only 4.7 and the city long since accepted the situation as a challenge to effort. . For thirty years and more, immigrant population has been rolling into New Bedford in a degree unparalleled in almost any other part of the country. Virtually half the present population was born in foreign lands. : New Bedford has from a day antedating compulsory evening - school legislation maintained evening schools, but it did not make.persuasive effort to draw in-the adult population until the World war aroused the nation to the need of assimilation of the foreignborn, The initial movement for reaching the problem of adult illiteracy was made by the Y. M. C. A. industrial department, which organized early in the war many study classes within industrial plants. Then the state provided for co-operation with local com~munities and the city was one of the first to accept” the conditions of providing a supervisor of Americanization through elementary study classes in English for adults. ‘At the very beginning of the war the school - department employed a fleld ‘agent to work up this department, through addresses in the foreign-speak-ing clubs and in other ways, so that a good start had already been made before the state’s action. Other agencies ‘of influence have been at work.also. - A branch of the state division of immigration and Americanization is maintained there, and it has been active in putting newcomers into the evening schools and the English study classes within the industries. : For the chiidren who came from foreign lands a medal for proficiency in English is annually awarded to children of non-English speaking parentage. This medal was presented to the 1821 winners at the Pilgrim tercentenary last summer by President Harding. There are in the day schools speclal classes in every district to teach them Hnglish and bring them up to grade. . ) o i

TOWN MOURNS PET CAT

Under Training of Mistress It ‘Became Extremely Intelligent. Doylestown, Pa., has been in moirning because of the death of Buster Brown, a pet cat, said to have been the oldest cat in the world. Buster cashed in: at the Victory Farms the other night and was buried in a beautiful casket amid a garden of roses on the farms, . : _ ..He was born in Philadelphia, May 9, 1900, and under the care of his mistress, Mrs. Clement ‘H. Congdon, acquired almost uncanny intelligence. He was essentially a gentleman. He ‘would not eat unless his food was served upon a plate and the plate was upon a table. He had his own bed ‘and table furnishings, and none of the other cats on Victory Farms ever had the temerity to touch either twice. Buster was- enormous in sfze until age sapped his vitality, His sleek maltese coat had a silver sheen, and -experts pronounced him the most beautiful specimen of the breed. Age, how‘ever, tinged his coat with a reddish hue in his later years. Humane ‘socleties all over the world have photo: ‘graphs of him hung in thelr headquarters, where they serve as an obJect lesson, teaching kindness and ‘care to dumb animals. His portrait ‘has been published in every pet ‘Journal - “and fllustrated = magazine featuring animal life—always to exemplify what humane treatment will do for animals. e oRt

: Dressinaking-——Ail kinds will - ‘do men’s silk shirts also. Work. guaranteed. Mrs. C J Gale 206 Grand St. 50a4t Floyd Leming grinds feed Tuesdays E and Fridays. For Other dates call BA.

Gravel Road | sy % . Municipal Bonds ‘ and other ~i:ax-exempt | e S Citizens Bank

We Have Receivedea’rge Shipments ‘ . | vy T N\ f s { Hard and Soft Coal Chestnut, No. 4 and Furnace sizes g in hard coal. Best grades of e ~Softagel: Full line jof Building Material now Yeriny - onhand Ca 1 COMPTON & HOLDEMAN ! = HOLDEMAN & SON Straus Wool House. , ‘ Phone 0.279

R RS S [ - e|~ e R LEAY & ‘g . "~.:.;':;' ~‘ ",r/ _l por ,/.v., L I\\\ \i £4 q 5 B SR i\ T e / \‘ 2 b 0 \oo N e e 3 O B S& 7/ S Rt %f‘ _ e ga N | il N\ ':7/ & // co |~ M ” ;-&;:ggh\\‘, =V , ~/% Lo W G/ ‘\.\\\.\‘.'!.' é ' o ¢ 3 \\cga : R Q j :"/"v. 3 Wm mm ¢ /”'r;’;-vm' ‘ //\ .‘ ", ST m Om -f\:\.—;’l / /3 ‘ ,‘3":‘ : # /N ) __“2'32,{%"3;";":"';?"5: SR\ N WY ] BN ¥ v /| g ‘—*— ' ; : : £ ®/ . M £ " | ¢ next Xmas CRf ety #O O you will have Oodvem N [ B U A : e BHa% L P r P g _ DEPOSIT ONE DOLLAR EACH WEEK FOR 50 WEEKS AND YOU HAVE $50.00. YOU CAN EASILY SAVE AR DOLLAR R W EEKAND WON’T YOU BE GLAD TO HAVE THAT $50.00. THERE RRE CLUBS WHERE YOU DEPOSIT 50 CENTS R WEEK, OR $5..00 OR ANY SUM-—-A CLUB TO FIT YOUR PURSE. OR YOU CAN BEGIN WITH 1 CENT, 2 CENTS, 5 CENTS, OR TEN CENTS AND INCREASE YOUR DEPOSIT EACH WEEK. ¢ ' IN FIFTY WEEKS. & & _ ; 10-Cent Club Pays $127.50 - : -5-Cent Club - Pays - 63.75 | 2-Cent Club Pays ~ 25.50 G ~ ICent Club-Pays 12.75 oh “YOU CAN BEGIN WITH THE [LARGEST AND IDECREASE EACH WEEK. THERE ARRE NO DUES. . iYOU GET BACK EVERY CENT YOU PUT I ' « v COME IN AND A&K ARBOUT IT. - : - = Make Our Bank Your Bank - We pay 4 per cent interest on saving deposits e W e Sfi;vin(«:\ccout‘\u;. e Farmers & Merchants Trust Co

- E.R. Kurtz L Auctioneer - Datesican be made at Weaver's Hardware Store Ligonier, Phone 134, or call my residence, phoue NeB8: - e o 0 e

GLASSES Accurately and Scientifically »