Ligonier Banner., Volume 55, Number 45A, Ligonier, Noble County, 2 January 1922 — Page 3

We Wish You all A Happy and Prosperous New Year

New Year

Observing New Year's

= \~ YEAR'S day isn’t what : ufi Q/fl] it used to be. This is in (»:’_’,:.)j a small way attributable to FA2NE | the addition to the Consti*_tuti_on of some dry reading { ~ . matter. In still greater rpxau-t it is because'the international obsession for ! celébrating whenever Faither Time takes a fresh start in piloting the earth around the sun is thousands of years old. The manner of observing the day has changed greatly through the centuries. » The .urge to give presents. at least ‘once, a year was felt even before Christmas and Santa Claus came into the schemé of things, and the anclent .Greeks, Chinese, Egyptians and Romans tendered their gifts to, one -another on the first day of the year. Kings got into the habit of receiving vextra gifts from their subjects on these days and liked it so well they began extorting larger and larger sums. This practice got so bad in Rome under the Caesars that Clau‘dius called a halt. :

' It spread to other countries, however, and the English had their New Year's celebration spoiled ahnually by rapacious sovereigns until Queen Elizabeth’s modest demands of her subjects cut gifts down to a mini&wum. In those days the celebration of New Year’s day had become worldwide. With variations to suit all natlonalities, it - consisted everywhere of eating, drinking and motley merriment, - % .

Christopher Columbus, so far as is known, was the first white man to jubilate on New Year’s day in the ‘western hemisphere. While his ships ‘'were undergoing repairs on January 1, 1493, he enjoyed a sumptuous dinner with two savage monarchs on the island of Haliti. After this meal, history says, the discoverer of Amerdca had his :first smoke of tobacco. ‘Whether he enjoyed it is not recorded, ‘but he left it to a later generation— Sir Walter Raleigh is generally. cred[ited with the function—to introduce .tobacco to Europe. / . The Pilgrim Fathers and the first Tamilies of the older- states of the 'Union enjoyed a quiet holiday as each ,year came around. They feasted, ;but not until they had attended rreligious services. :

+ For 25 years up to the dawn of 1920 and the era of war-time pro‘hibition, the celebration in large cit--les became noisler and more expen'sive each year. Thousands used to ‘crowd into places of merriment, while ‘principal thoroughfares were packed . with throngs of merrymakers withy ,Ssquawkers, clappers, bells and confetti. . 'Every hotel and most of the' res‘;ta,urants were jammed with gay /diners. In 1908 it was estimated that ;$1,000,000 was spent in the New York :white-light district on New Year's eve, ‘After that statisticians gave up try‘ng to figure out the sum. :

: ,mumquf mvnfl[flm"“llllur-.‘-:\m L , W \ufl). it ‘g ¥ /"‘ e S . Wl U 5 il HRR N : ?’? e 1t . R §5 b G : HER RESOLUTION. ' “Have you made any good resoluitions for the new year.” : . “Yessir, I'm goin’ to zuit bustin’ ‘men’s hearts.” New Uses for Airplanes. Bathing from airplanes is going to be the correct thing for those that can afford it. People at Cavaliare, a select little seaside place on the Mediterranean, gather on the beach every morning to see the coming of a young couple in their airplane. The man is his own pilot. Both are dressed in bathing costume with peignoir. The machine alights gently on the very edge of the surf and then the occupants jump straight in for their swim. Sometimes they fly right. out to sea and dive.in, leaving their airplane in charge of a professional pilot. Another development of air traffic may be “airlifts,” says an exchange. Special machines are to be built for taking up people to the mountain tops, [his is the result of a Swiss aviator’s %&m landing én the summit of ‘Mont Blanc. Tourists will step into the plane at the door of their hotel

Yoty ‘l. R LEFIRE) & €0

WHAT VOLCANOES THROW UP

Water, Dust, Mud, Pumice, Glass and - Granite Among Products of the ‘ Rumblers, : "A volcano—let us say Stromboli, which very frequently makes a lot of trouble—ejects materials of various kinds. ' o - One or these is water. It Is the last thing we should expect a burning mountaimr to produce, but, as a matter of fact, volcanoes vomit enormous quantities of water, formed by the cooling and consequent condensation of gases rising through the vent pipe. * Volcanic dust, thrown high into the air during an eruption, is so finely divided that much of it .will float in the upper levels of the atmosphere for vears. Its particles seem mostly to be minute bubbles, hollow inside.

Together with water, volcanoes emit vast quantities of mud, which, hardening into rock, form what is called “tuff”—a friable material which in parts of our own West covers great areas to a depth of thousands of feet. A familiar volcanic product is/ pumice, which is so porous, and therefore so'light in weight, that it will float on water. Another is obsidian, or ‘“volcanic glass,” a substance of the same chemical composition as pumice, but extremely hard, being of high density. . Typical of the “eruptive” rocks, representing material thrown up from the depths, is granite. Such rocks are practically impervious to water, whereas the sedimentary rocks—sandstones, limestones and shales—are sufficiently porous to allow water to percolate through them. It is these sedimentary rocks that contain the- so-called “pools” of petroleum, usually with water underlying the oil. *© - :

GINKGO TREE IS FROM JAPAN ‘Regarded by Park Commissioners Everywhere as One of the Most Satisfactory Shade-Makers, . . One of the exports from ' Japan which has met universal favor and unqualified approval in <Europe and America is the Ginkgo tree. You will see hardly a publie park on the continent or in England without it, and, as for American cities, “Jinkgo” is one of the park commissioners’ standbys. Washington, District of Columbia, has adopted it as its “official street tree” ~—whatever that means. Because it is so hardy under city conditions—that explains its popularity, in part. It is also a large and tall tree, peerless for shade, G

- Its name has proved almost impregnable to western tongues. Some one has said that to get two tree experts who will agree on the spelllug, “you would have to go to Japan—and there they dodge the issue and draw a picture.,” Ginkgo, gingko,:jinkgo, ginko, Jinka—are a few occldental variations of the puzzle: Many tactful persons have adopted “Maidenhair Tree,” as.a way out—it's long-petioled leaves are quite the shape of the so-called maidenhair fern of American woods. Although classified botanically among the .‘“evergreens’” or “conifers,” it is deciduous, and its cone is not .a cone at all, but a fruity covered seed.

- Stingy. - Mayor Hylan at a dinner was defending New York. : . “New York,” he said, “is a big target, so she’s easy to hit, and everybody takes a shy at her. “A Chicago man came home one evening and said to his wife: : “That new butler of ours—he’s no butler. “He's a crook. He’s wanted in New York.” - ' - ~ “My goodness,” said the man’s wife, “haven’t they got enough crooks in New Y;n'k? - What on earth do they want any more for?”’ . i

Making a Motion Picture.

~ Usually 150,000 to 200,000 feet are run through the cameras to get a sixreel, or 6,000-foot motion picture. The director stations three, four or five cameras to take the same scene. He has one camera close beside the st'rug\‘gling villain' and hero, another grinding from an elevation, still' another at this angle, one more at that angle. When all of these negatives are developed, parts of each enter into the composition of the completed reel.—Indianapolis News, =~ = -

Memory Fifty-fifty.

“Do you remember the time whep your father drove a donkey cart?”’ The parliamentary c¢andidate fixed his eyeglass and gazed thoughtfully at the interrupter. Then he replied: “As a matter of fact, I had quite forgotten the car. But I am thankfu! to see the donkey is atill alive.”—Loundon Re ha b

For the New Year and all future years we are going to make a greater effort to have our shoes so good, and our prices so low, that you cannot resist being one of our cistomers, even though in the past you have not been one of our cus‘tomers, we have benefited you indirectly by bringing all shoes down in the communities in ‘which we serve. Lend us your confidence and co-operation. ~ -

Peace on Earth

i =llO LOOK back upon the past - { year, and see how little we | have striven, and to what | small purpose, and how 2 often we have been cow- ~ . ardly and hung back, or temerarious and rushed unwisely in; and how every day and all day long we haye transgressed the law of kindness; it may seem a paradox, but in the bitterness of these discoveries a certain consolation resides. Life is not designed to minister to & man’s vanity. He goes upon his long business most of the time with a_hanging head, and all the time like a child.’ Full of rewards and pleasure as it is—so that to see the daybreak or the moon rise, or to meet a friend, or to hear dinner call when he is hungry, fill him with surprising jOys—this world is yet for him no abiding city. Friendships fall through, health fails, weariness assails him; Year after year he must thumb the hardly varying record of his own weakness and folly. ’ It is a friendly process of detachment. When the time:comes that he should go, there need be few illusions left about himself. Here lies one who meant .well, tried a little, failed much; surely that may be his epitaph, of which he need not be ashamed. Nor will he complain at the summons, which calls a defeated soldier from the field ; defeated, ay, if he were Paul or Marcus Aurelius !—but if there is still one inch of fight in his old spirit, undishonered. Give him a march with his old bones; there, out qf the/glorious sun-colored earth, out of the day and the dust, and the ecstacy—there goes another Faithful Failure. :

SRR R SRR R 5 e = Quaint B % e L # New Year Customs i 53 & RSB AR S S RSN RRR =7t N SCOTLAND New Year's '@@:@j} day has even more impor- ’ @ é/,) | tance than Christmas. High'E) % land laddies ' form proces- ! | sions and go from house to ~ | house singing and receiving food and gifts. From Scotland also comes the curious superstition that it is unlucky to take anything out of the house on' New Year’s day before one has brought something in; hence members of the family may be seen carrying a piece of coal or any small object into the house, to prevent inisfortune during the new year. : * %x 3 5 A quaint New Year custom in Herfordshire, England, is to weave blackthorn into a crown, singe it slightly over a fire and stand.around it repeating the words, “Old Cider.” -The crown is then hung up for luck during the year. ‘ * 3 3 : The wassail bowl or loving cup, filled with spiced ale, was in use in New Year celebrations in Old World countries, and - children would go about the streets caroling, ' : s % % In England December 25 was “the New Year's day until the time of William the Conqueror. His covbnation occurred January 1, hence the year was ordered to begin on that day. ‘England, however, gradually fell into unison with the rest of Christendom, and began the year the 25th of March. The Gregorian calendar restored January 1 as the gateway of the year but it was not until 1752 that BEngland adopted this date. :T%% ¥ L 5 The custom of exchanging New Year presents still holds im France and the Latin countries. ot g

: Maybe “Grace” Widow. Divorced women, or those who are separated from their husbands, are called “grass widows,” It is said that this originated from an English rural term, “grass mare,” meaning a ‘horse that has been turned out to pasture. . Some claim that it.is derived from “grace widow,” meaning that the wom‘an is'a widow by courtesy of law or agreement but not by the death of her husband. i : : The expression was first used in this country in 1849 when so many men wentito California at the time of the gold strike and left their wives at /home, ! : : In England the word {sone of disrepute, being applied to former mistresses or unmarried mothers, o

LIGONIER BANNER, LIGONIER, INDIANA.

THINGS ARE CHEAP IN HAITI

Although a Solid Mahogany Dinner ~ Table Costs Only $6 Island v Has Disadvantages.

In “Haiti” J. Dryden Kuser tells that on his visit to that supposedly uninviting island he purchased a solid mahogany dinner table for $6, “which is the customary price,” says the Detroit News. Alligator pears sell in Port-au-Prince at the rate of five for 2 cents. S s

The picture has its reverse side. The teacher even of higher or “college” grade receives only $6 a month and the average length of his life after taking .up the teaching profession is 12 years. He teaches eight hours every day. The course of study is by ‘no means narrow, It includes the subjects ‘usually taught in the United States, with a few additional courses thrown in for the special benefit of the backward. The majority of Haitians excel in penmanship and freehand drawing. : o ~ One of° Mr. Kuser’s chapters is on voodooism. The creed ‘is ‘of African origin and .was introduced into the island when the slaves were brought over by the Spanish and French. Vandoux, the deity, is represented by a venomless serpent, The rites include all manner of sacrifices and self-in-flicted punishment. To the rhythm of voodoo tom-toms, the . worshipers dance themselves into excited passions until all but the strongest fall prostrate. During the dance the men eat pleces of glass and, dancimg on redhot ‘ coals, place burning. pieces of charcoal in their mouths. Later in the ceremony liquor is passed around. The priests wield an indescribable, because secret, influence over the participants, so that it is merely necessary for them to beat the tom-toms a few times and a whole brigade will rush out from nowhere armed to the teeth.”

GREAT MOUNTAIN COLLAPSES

Aussee Sanding in Mountainous Regions Near Vienna Disintegrat- . . ] ing Quite Rap'idly.

The geological freak of a great mountain disintegrating so fast that it is discernible day by day—a thing that ordinarily takes thousands of years—lis occurring in the mountainous regions near Vienna. e The -Aussee Sanding, rising over 5,000 feet, is simply collapsing. Its great cones and pinnacles of rock aye crashing and tumbling as. if undermined by gnomes; the forests that clothed the s.lopes lie flat or move slowly and steadily downward, piling into the valleys, and the turf carpet moves with them. Over three and three-quarter miles of territory are involved in the movement and hundreds of sightseers view the convulsions from opposite slopes. i The phenomenon has been in progess for nearly a year with gradually increasing acceleration. One scientific explanation is the presence of an abnormal quantity of water in the chalky Hinestone core of the mountain, causing the eollapse of great caverns and the slipping of strata. i

CITES EARTH’S 14 MOVEMENTS

; Flammarion, French Astronomer, Enu- . merates Various Activities of Globe _During Its Travels. ,

The fact that our‘earth in its voyage through space has no fewer than fourteen distinct movements has been pointed out by the French astronomer and scientist, Camille Flammarion, according to an article in the Paris Temps. These are as follows:

“Daily rotation, annual revolution, fluctuation or rocking due to the precession of the equinoxes in a period of 26,765 years, monthly movengent of the earth around the center of gravity, of the earth-moon couple; nutation caused by the attraction of the moon every eighteen and a half years; variation, coming once every century, of the obliquity of ‘the ecliptic; variations every century of the eccentricty of the terrestrial orbit; displacement of the line of apses every 21,000 years; disturbances caused by the constantly changing attraction of the planets: displacement of the center of gravity of the solar system around which the earth travels annually, this center being determined by the variable positions of the planets; perpetual variation of latitudes; dally tides of the continental soil; displacement of the whole Milky Way, ‘of which our sun Is one star, toward the constellation of Capricorn, at the formidable speed of 375 miles per second, or 1,250,000 mies per homelt- o 0

AGE OF CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE

Obelisk in New York Park Was Erected in Egypt Before the Birth ; of Moses. .

Cleopatra’s Needle, which stands in Central park, New York city, was given to the United States by Egypt and was transported here at the expense of the late W. H. Vanderbilt. It was erected in 1881. The crabs it stands upon are replicas of the originals, which are in the Metropolitan museum. In the museum, too, a model is to be seen showing how the obelisk was lowered and raised into position. It is sixty-seven feet high and weighs 180 tons.

_ Gazing at it, it is hard to realize that when it was erected Moses had not been born, that not one being in Europe could read or write, indeed. "that Greece; Rome, England had never even been heard of, remarks the Detroit News. . i When Thothmes 111, erected this obelisk, about 1500 B. C., to commemorate his victories over the enemies of Egypt, his country was the richest and most powerful in the world, the great center of trade and the leader in letters and arts. The last independent ruler of Egypt, Cleopatra, had the obelisk transferred from Heliopolis, the old capital, to Alexandria, thereby giving it its present name,

With the fall of ancient civilizations the old buildings of Egypt decayed and everything about that country was forgotten. Finally, at the instigation of Napoleoß, scientists undertook to solve these secrets and aroused interest in that long-forgotten country. :

USED ANTS TO FIGHT PESTS

Southern Arabs Employed the Method 150 Years Ago in Culture of | the Date Paim.

Control of destructive insects by the introduction - of their natural enemies has becomeé an important technique during the ;last generation, writes Paul Popence in Science. But if competent observers are to be trusted, the southern Arabs employed the same method more than 150 years ago in the culture of the date palm. In his “Relation d’un Voyage dans I'’Yemen” (Paris, 1880, page 153), P. E. Botta says: . ;

“I was able to verify the singular fact previously observed by .Forskal, that the date palms in Yemen are attacked by a species of ant which would cause them to perish if each year the growers dfd not bring from the niountalns and fasten in the tops of the palms branches of a tree that I did not recognize, which contains the nests of another species of ant which destroys that of the date palm.”

P. Forskal was the naturalist of C. Niebuhr’s ‘ expedition; his work was published posthumously in 1775. I have not seen his account to which Botta refers. - ’ ot

~ It” would be interesting to know whether the history of economic entomology furnishes any earlier record of the “biological method” of pest control.

Wind and Sound. %

A government scientist gives an interesting explgnation of the action of the wind In »pgventing the, spread of sound. '

It is, he claims, not the wind, as such, that prevents sound from traveling against it, but difference in the strength of the wind. If, for instance, the wind is stronger above than below, or stronger at one side, its effect will be to tilt the sound waves in one direction or another. ' Differences of temperature in the air also cause deflection of the waves of sound. Other atmospheric causes exist which deflect sound from a straight course and prevent it from going as far in a -certain® direction as it may have been expected to go. i W

“Some of the sirens in this country, it appears, produce sounds which ought theoretically to be audible at a distance of 1,500 miles, but, in fact. the authorities are satisfied if they are heard only two miles awai'. The reason for the discrepancy between calculation and experiment was probably atmospheric deflection of the

: Liberty Candy. : Liperty candy ‘calls for one cupful of white sugar, a half-cupful of water, -8 pound each of raisins and dates, and two pounds of nuts. Chop the fruit and nuts separately, then com‘bine them. Cook the sugar to a sirup , that strings from the spoon, add flavor, + then mix in the fruit and nuts. 'Spread !in a thin layer on a buttered tin, and 'when, almest cold cut Into squares, *

| 1922

PIG IRON’S BASIC PRODUCTS

Metal Sold in Three Forms—Cast, Wrought-and Steel—One of Mast - Valuable Minerals. '

Iron is the most valuable metal in the world to' man, because it is of more use in more ways. It has been known to men from earliest times. Savages smelted it. It is generally found compounded with other substances such as carbon. These other . substances haveeto be burned out in order to have pure iron. \ Iron is sold in three forms—cast iron, wrought iron, and steel. Cast Iron is brittle and hard, like the lid on the Kkitchen range. Wrought iron can be hammered out flat or made into wire or welded. It is quite soft. Steel is also capable of being hammered out flat and welded. Its peculiar property is that when tempered it becomes very hard—so hard that a sharp edge can be put on it—so hard that it will, when edged, cut wrought iron.

Iron which has been melted and poured into a mold in some form desired for use, such as part of a stove, is called cast iron. Iron which is cast roughly from the smelted ore in order to be used to make cast iron, wrought iron or steel 1s called pig iron. Puddling is the name of the process by which pig iron is made into wrought iron. It is done in a furnace in svhich the carbon 18 burned from the pig iron. ¢ L :

Pig iron contains the most carbon, then comes steel and then wrought iron. :

Steel can be made directly from pig iron by what is known as the Bessemer and open-hearth processes. ‘Formerly it was made from wrought iron. :

{/HAT'S INSIDE YOUR HEAD?

in the End You Will Succeed Or - . Fail Because of Its : Contents. '

In the end yqp will succeed or fail because of what is inside of your head. But neither the X-ray nor any other device ever invented or ever likely to be invented, will enable a prospective employer to: look into your brain. Even the questionnaires and psychological tests show but little. And many a boy who stands at the head of his class.in school or college pever makes good in after life, \ ' '

You carry somewhere 'behind your forehead the ability that will enable you to win. But that ability has got to be tried out. You've got to persuade somebody that you are worth employing before you can use even the best of ability. | L

This is the age of advertising. You must have seme kind of an “ad” to sell yourself with, and the best one avail able is a good appearance, If you look prosperous, if you are well dressed and -alert and cheerful you-.are well advertised. In any line of applicants, you are likely to be picked out as one of the most promising. Your clothes and your general appearance attract attention. :

Appearance is.not all, of course. Many men look like a million dollars who are not worth 10 cents. But they get found out very speedily. i If you are really able and competent, all you need, all you ought to have, is a chance. You will never get that chance if you wear seedy clothes and neglect your teeth and need a shave, Your only “ad” is the impression employers and others get of you at the start. Make that a good one. Don’t be afraid to spend money on it. All good advertising is expensive, yet it Is the best investment that a busisess man can possibly make, o

Most Men Have Defects. If the man who measures you for your next suit calls out “N. F. R, B.” to the assistant who jots down the measurements, take care! It Is a warning that your physique is not all that it should be—in fact a great deal less. It stands for ‘“neck ferward, round back.” Mlt’s the commonest fault in the physique of our customers,” explained a tailor. ‘“Most men have flat chest and round back. The army straightened some of them up for a while but they’ve begun slumping back again. About one man in ten has bow legs, the bow running from 134 to 4 inches, Practically every man’s shoulders are uneven—one higher than the other. But that’'s so common that yom wouldn’t call it a defect. “Here’s another thing Ive noticed. All the athletes, the professional strong men, have sloping shoulders. The fellow with the straight, heavy shoulders whom you'd take for dn athlete usually lsn't."—Milwaukee

N L P o S o ST [ o o Winter Sforag’el IF your car is-laid up for ‘& the winter, let us store your battery. At a nominal . tost, you can have your bat--4 tery cared for regularly all . winter.’ We will call for it > ‘and deliver it full of “pep” ‘.~ when you want it again. ROBINSON’S ELECTRIC SERVICE Lincoln Highway Garage Ligonier, Ind.

Money to Lend = (n - Farms Loans to be secured by rirst mortgage not exceeding 509, of the present total value of land and improvements. Conditions and terms are attractive. Call at our office. o THE STRAUS - BROTHERS CO Ligonier, Indiana =

Will pay Cash For Some Used Ford Cars: - MUSTBE Worth The Money BEN GLASER

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