Ligonier Banner., Volume 54, Number 30A, Ligonier, Noble County, 28 September 1920 — Page 3

THE LEAGUE OF - NATIONS

In any case under this article the award of the arbitrators shall be made within a reasonable tme, and the report of the council shall be made within siv months after -the submission of the dispute. . : Article Xlll

The¢ members of the league agree that whenever any dispute shall arise between them which they recognize to be suitable for submission to arbitration and which can not be satisfactorily settled by diplomacy thoy will submit the whole subject matter to arbitration. - Dispules as to the interpretation’ of & treaty, as to any question of international law, as to the existence of any fact which if established ‘would constitute a breach of any -international obligation, or as to the extent and nature of the reparation to be made for any such breackh, are declared to be among those which are generally suitable for submission to arbitration. For the consideration of any dispute the¢ ouri of arbitration to which the case is referred shall be the court agreed on by the parties to the dispute or stipulated in any .convention existihg betwean them, : L . : S

. The members of the leagan agree that they will carry out in full good faith any award that may be rendered and that they will not resort to war against a member of the league which complies there with., In the event of any faflure to carry ‘out . such an award, the council shall propose what steps should be tiken to give effect thereto. - _ . . - IY, The council shall farmulate and submit to the members of the league for adoption plans for the establishment- of a permanent court of international justice. . The court shall be competent to hear and determine any dispute of. an fnternational character which the parties thereto submit to it. The court may also give an advisory opinion upon any dispute or question referred to it by the ecuncil or by the assembly, T : Artlcle XY.

i there should arise between members of the league any dispute likely to lead to a rapture. which is not submitted to arbitration in accordane with Article XHI, the members of the league agree that they will submit the matter to the council. Any party to the dispute may effect such submission by giving notice ‘of the ex: istence of the dispute to the secre: tary-gencral, who will' make all npecesfiury arrangements for a full inves-

tion and consideération therof. - For this purpose the parties to. the dispu‘te will communicate to the secretarygeneral as proniptly as possible, statements of their case, with all the relevant facts and papers: and the <ouncil may forthwith direct the pubMcation thereof. . 5

The council shall endeaveor to effect A settlement of any dispute, and ir such efforts are successful, a statement shall be made public giving such facts and explanations regarding the dispute, and the terms of seltlement thereof, as the council may deem appropriatel .

It the dispute is not thas settled the council either unanimously or by a majority vote, shall make and publish a report containing a statement of the facts of the dispute and the Trecommendations which are deemed Just and proper in regard thereto. Any member of the league represented on the council may make public a statement of the facts of the dispute and of conclusions the regarding the same. o

- I a report by the council is unani. mously agreed to by the members thereof other than the representatives of one or more of the parties to the dispute, the members of the league agree that they will not go to war with any party to the dispute which complies with the recommendations of the report. . : .

If the council fails to reach a. report which is unanimously agreed -to by the members thereof, other than the representatives of one or more «* the parties to the: dispute, the members of the league reserve to themselves the right to take such action as they shall consider necessary for the maintenance of ‘right and justice If the dispute between the parties i 8 claimed by one of them, and is found by the council to arise out of & mattter which by international law is solely within the domestic jurisqictlon of that party, the couniel shall 80 report, and shall make no recommendation as to its settlement. \ - The council may in any case under this article refer the dispute to the assembly. The dispute shall be so referred at the request of either party to the dispute, provided that sucl request be made within fourteen days after the submission of the dispute to the council. .

In any case referred to the assembly, all the pProvisionsg of this article and of Article XII, relatiug o the action and powers of the council shall apply to the action and Powers of the assembly provided that a report made by the assembly, if concurred in by the representatives of those members of the league represented on the council and of a majority of the other members of the league, exclusive in each case of the representatives of the parties to the disputes, shall have the same force as a report by the council concurred in by all the members ther=of other than the representatives of one or more of the parties to the dispute. S ~ Artiele XYVIL. - Should any ‘member of the league resort to war in disregard of its .eovenants under Articles XII, XIII or XV. it shall ipso facto be deemed ‘2O have committed an act of war “against all other members of the league, which hereby undertake im~mediately to subject it to the sever~ance of all trade or -financial rela_tions; the prohibition of all. inter_course between their nationals and ‘the nationals of the covenant-break-‘ing: state and the pr?en_tion of ail Minancial, commercial, 4r personal intercourse between the nationals of ‘the covenant-breaking state and the ‘mationals of any other state, whether & member of the league or not. 1t shall be the duty of the councit An such case to recommend to the Yo ¢~‘°«>':W?§sfl -:x —- oßt eS R A S R e o

to be usgd to protect the covenants of the league. _ ; I

The members of the league agree, further, that they will mutually support one another in the financial and economic measures which are taken under this article, inorder to minimize the loss and inconvenience re-, sulting from the above measures, and that they will mutually support oné another In resisting any special measures aimed at oue of their number by the covenant-breaking state and that they will tike the necessary steps to allord pussage through thelr territory to the forées of any of the members of the leagueé which are enoperating to protect the covenauls of the -lgague. - i Any menber of the league which has violated auy covenamd of tho teague wmay be declared - to: be po longer a member of the leagus by a wvote of the council concurred in by the representatives of all the other members of th league Tépresented thereon. - - . : Artlele XYVIL _ In the event of o dispule bétween a member of the lisgue and a state which is not a memberof the league, or between states not members of the Jeague the stulé or states not members of the league ehall be invited ‘o accept the obligaticns of memberghip

in the league for the purposes of such dispute, upon- such conditions as the council may deem just. If such invitation is accepted, the provisions of Articies XII to XVI, inclusive, shali be applied with such modifications a. may be deemed nocessary by the council. e he e

“Upop- such invitation being given. the council shail immediately instituty an ‘inquiry into the circumstances of the dispute and-recommend such ac tion as may scém best ‘and most effectual -in. the ccumstances. - . H a state so invited shall refuse to accept ‘the obligations of membershiv ig the league for the puropse of such dispute, and shall resort to war against a member of the league, the provisions of Articte ’X'VI shall be ap phicable as against the state taking such action. . . . It both parties to the dispute, when S 0 inpvited. PcTuse to aceept the obligtions of membership in the league for the purpose of such dispute, the council may take such meéasures and make such recommendations as will preven® hostilities and will result in the settlement -of the dispute. = i . ‘Artiele XVIHL Every treaty or. International ¢éngagement egtered into. herafter by any " meémber -of the league. shall b forthwith reglstered with ‘the secre-tariat-and- shall as soon:as possible be published -by it. No such treaty or international engagement' shall -be binding until =0 registered. . : - Artiele XIX. . . The assembly may from time. to time advise the reconideration. by members. of the league of treaties which _have beeome inapplicable, and the cunsideration. of international conditions. whose¢ continuance might endanger the peace of the world.

- The members of the league severally agree that this covenant is accepted as abrogating all obligations or understandings inter se whith dre inconsistent with the terms . thereof; and solemnly underiake that they will notl hereafter enter into. any engagements inconsistent with the ‘terms thereof, ° - o In case any member of the league shall, before becoming a member of the league, have undertaken any obli: gations inconsistent with the térms of thig covenant, it shall be the duty of such member to take immediate steps to procure its release from such obligations. ‘ : - Artlele XXL i - Nothing in this.covenant shall be deemed to affect the validity of international engageménts such as treaties of arbitration or regional understandings like the Monroe Doctrineé for securing the maintenance of peace. G Article XXII,. : To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sov¢retgnty ©of the states which Aormerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yete able to stand by themselves under the strenuou: conditions of the modern world, there should be appliéd the prineciple that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of the truth should be embodied in this covenant. .

. The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is- that the ‘ntelage of such peoples be intrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources their experiences or their ‘geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept -it, and that ‘his tutelage should be exercised by ‘hem as.mandatories on behalf of the league.. L 2 . <

- The -character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the developrgent of the people, the geographical stituation' of the territory. s exconomic condition ahd -‘other cimilar eircumstances.

Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish empire have reached a stage of developmént where their - existence as indepandent nations ‘can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of adminisJative advice and assisiance by a mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these eommunities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the mandatory. : : Other peoples, esnccially: those of Central Africa, are at such a stage that the mandetory must be responible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and momls.th-;ll prohibition of abuses such as the, slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor trafiic, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of :ailitary training of the natives for cther than police purposes and the defense of territory, and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other members of the TORNR o 0 R e _ There are territories such as Southi R S S ot Pacific islands, which owing to the sparseness of their population or from the centers of civilizati on, or S RS e -a‘**a TRy BeWe B 9 DO aGINInIS-

itered under the laws of the manda'tory as integral portions of its territory subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the in{digenous population. In every case of mandate the mandatory shall ren- { der to the council an annual report in jreference to the territory committed to its charge. . L - The degree of suthority control or administration to be exercised by the mandatory shall if pot previously agreed upon by the members of the ieague, be explicity defined in each cass by the council: e A permanent commission shall be constituted to receive and examing the annual reports of the mandatories and to advige the council on all matJters relating to the cbservance of the mandates, i -

o ArtieleXXTlL iR ‘Subject to and In accordance wilh the provisions of international eonventions existing or hereafter to be agreed upon the members of the lesgue {(a) will endeavor to secure and muintain fair and humane conditions of labor for men, women and chiidren, both in their own countrics anid in all countries to which™ thelr commercial and industrial relations extend, and for that purpose will extablish and maintain the necessary internationsl organizations: . (b) -undertake to gecure just treatment of the native inhabitants of territorfes under their control; . (¢) will intrust the league with the gemeral supervision over the execution of agreements with regard to the traffic in women and children, -and the traffic in opium and other dangerous drugs: () will intrust ‘the league with the greneral supervision -of the trade in arme and ammunition with the countries i whieh the control of this traf-

fic is necessary in ‘the common interest: (e) will make provision to secure and maintain | freedom of comnunications and of transit and equitthle treatment for the. commerce of il msmbers of the league. In this conmection the special necessities of the regions devastated during . the war of 1914-1918 shall be" borne in mind: ({1 will endeavor to take steps in mattres. of international concéra for the prevention. ‘and . control. of digease. o < n L ' Artiele. XXIV, . ~ There shall be placed under . ‘the direction of the. league. all international bureaus already establishel by general treaties. if the parties to such treaties consent. All such -interna‘jonal bureaus -an® all commissions Zor the regulation of matters of international interest hereafter constituted shall be placed under the direction “of the league. o . In all matters of “international in-

terest,. which are regulated by genrai conventiong, -but which are not placed under the control of international bureaus or commisisons, the «ecretariat of the league shall, subjget to the consent of the council and it desired by the parties, collect anid distribute ‘all relevant information, and shall render any other assistance wliich may be necessary or. desirable The couneil may include as part of the expenses of the secretariat the expénses -of any bureau or commissien which is placed under the direction of the legaue. v -~ Artiele XXV, ¢ o Tlie members ot The league agree to encourage and- - promote the establishmment and co-operation -ef duly authorized voluntary, national Red Cross organizations having as purposes the improvement of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of suffering throughout the world. : L Article XXVL - - Amendments to this covenant will take effect when ratified by the members of the league whose representatives compose the council and by a majority of the -members of the league whose representatives compose the assembly. ~. = : - No such amendment shall bind any member of the league which signifies its dissent therefrom, but in that case it shall cease to be a member of the league. : -

_ : - COMMENTS e The League and the Monroe Doetrine. ‘ It 'has been persistently represented by the leaders of the Republican party ihat the Covenant of Peace endangers the Monroe Doctrine. This is- not true, since Article 21 especially pro‘vides that the validity of this doct:: is. recognized. : l_ : Domestic Ques{ions. It has also been represented by opponents of the League, that other nations by reason of it could interfere with our domestic policy regarding immigration and the tariff. This is .ot true because under Article 15 It és provided that: = ' _“lf the disputé between the parties is claimed by one of them, and is found by the Council to arise out of a 2 matter which by international law is solely wthin the domestic jurisdiction of the party, the Council shall so report and shall make na recommendation as to its settlement.” - Withdrawal From Covenant. It has also BB€n“Tepresented that we can at no time withdraw from the League if we so desire. This is not true, since Article 1 provides that we can withdraw after two .years’ notice of our intention so to do. =

-Amendments to the Covenant. Article 26 provides for the amendment of the Covenant so that if it be found that it is imperfect in any way, or that it needs additional safeguards, or that new conditions must be met, these can all be provided for by amendment. TaLt

_ Assembly. The Assembly is made up of representatives -of the nations which are members ‘of the League. Each nation may have as many as three representatives in the Assembly, but they must vote collectively as each nation is given one vote. (See Article 3.) . “At meetings of the Assembly each member of the League shall have one vote and may have not more than three representatives.” : It will be seen, therefore, that in the Assembly each member of. the,i League shall have only one vote. j - Couneil, ; ' The cduncil is composed of nine members, each having one representative and only one vote.- The permanent meémbers are the representativs of th United States, British Empire, France, Ttaly and Japan. (See Article 4.) It is, therefore, clear we being a permanent member of the Counicl, no action can be taken on any matter .= any time without 4 representative of the United MM

THE LIGONIER BANNER, LIGONIER, INDIANA.

and Spain. Al decisions of the Councll except mere matters of procedure must be unanimous. (See Article 5.) “Except where otherwise expressly provided in this Covenant, or by the terms of the present lreaty,-decisions at any meeting of the Assembly or ot the Council shall require the agreement of all the members of the League represented at the meeting.” - It is, therefore, <clear that no action can be taken on any matter without our consent at any time. It iz persistently represented by Republican leaders that England has six votes to our one in the Council. Thiz is hot true, as Article 4 provides that the British Empire has only one vote in the Council and the British Empire is composed of England and all of her dependencies. v i The Council is the governing body of the league and is very different from e Assembly. The later has very little power and cannot make a final decizslon upou any matter of policy concerning arbitration, boycott . or war. Republican leadres make this false statement about England’'s votes fn the Council for the purpose of influencing thos¢ volers who are preJjudiced against England.. e

As & matter of fact, America will have more votes in the Assembly than England's gix votes, because Panama. Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cuba, Haiti, San Domingo, Costa Rica and all the South - American " republics would fn all likelihood vote with the United States in all matters. affecting the Western Hemisphere. - -~ Bear in mind that it is In the Assembly and not in the Council thar England and her dependencies have six votes and that we can muster more. votes in this body than she, oan, Cna - Artiele Ten.

Read this article carefully as it is being purposely and deliberately misrepresented by the opponents of the league. = : e It is eclaimd that under this article the Council of the League can force us into war without the consent of Congress. This is .not true. Laok up the statements of such Republicians as “Taft, Wickersham, Root and many others, and the editorials of the Indianapolis News and the Indianapolis Star for a refutation of this charge. '

The vote of the Council must be unanimous before it can adivse war and we must give our consent to make t unanimous. You have the provisions of the Covenant before yvou and no where in it can you find that the Council can direéct us in- anything—it has only the power of advising what shall be done in any matter. Make the pponents- of the League point out to you, in the terms of the Covenant, what they eclaim it means. . The Objects of the League. v The one great object of the Covenant of Peace is to bind the nations of the carth together in an agreement to minimize the.chances for war; to carry out this purpose provisions are made for a continuing Tonference of the five great powers of the earth, the United States, England France, Italy and Japan, together with four others. It also provides for an Assembly composed of all the members of the League and for a Secreariat constantly in session. - : The salient provisions of the Covenant arve as follows: * - . ; : (1) Agreement to gubmit disputes for peaceful settelemeént and not resort to war pending the inquiry. : © (2) Enforcemeént of the Covenant by means of the economic boycott, or by military coercion. - e . (3) A defensive alliance under Article Ten against external aggression such as Belgium suffered by - Germany's invasion. . )

(4) The establishment of a permanent Court of International Justice. . (8) The limitation of armaments. {6) Abolishing secret treaties and secret alliance. (See Articles 18, 19, 20.) > ' : e e _ (7) Trysteeship and supervisiom of territory taken from the enemy and inhabited by people not yet able to govern themselves. (See Article 22.) (8) Co-operation in matters of international concern. (See Articles 23 and 24.). - This League of Nations is not a new idea. It is the combined aspiration of civilization to do away with the horrors of war.The political party- that misrepresents it for its own ends. is doomed to defeal. : o : This great Covenant of Peace .will offer to Germany and to Ireland, as well as the rest of the world, a tribunal to which they can appeal for relief from their troubles. : Under Article 11 of the Covenant the Council must listen to Germany if the burdens of -the treaty imposed upon her are too much to bear. She can have no other relief because an appeal to arms will fail her. So as to Ireland, the Council of the League is the place where she can come with her story. Ireland’s safety lies not in the appeal to arms, but in the Council of the League of Nations. . : It is the present League already in force that we nr_st enter into, and not some fanciful "arrangement outlined by Republican politicians to meet the stresss of party necessity. :

COMMUNITY LEAGUE FORMED

section. The merchants and business men of Ligonier will hold picnic suppers at different farms, taking edibles .along. All the farmer is expected to furnish is the drinking water and all the families in that particular section of the community will be invited to participate. In this manner will closer relations be made between town and country and the family on the farm will be made to feel that it is a part of this great community organigzation. & ‘ A

- Mr. Stansbury will announce the time and place of the first picnic in a few days. The supper will be spread on the lawn if the weather is favorable, otherwise it will be in the house or barn. T

The alm is to secure every farmer ‘within a radius of ten miles of Ligonier a member of the Community Development League. ; ; Mrs. F. B. Robbins of Cromwell, and Miss Maude King of Ligonier were called to South Bend Sunday on account of the death of a cousin Charles Ditman which occured in Epworth

GLASSIFIED ADS s s "Rooms for remt, nicely furnished at Balley Hotel. C. H. McClish. 23att bet e e e For sale, desirable bufldizg lot Sidewalk and sewer. Rube Deeter. I desire to buy a modern house for home In Ligonier. Not to far out. Ray Stabaogh. ; : 28art S i liave your hot water bottle insured for two years by buying a Kanfleek at the Rexall Drug Store. Soatl " 1 will buy all kinds of chickens, paying the higest market price. and sell them to local consumers. John Himes ' . FOR SALE-Two dwelling houses. and barn on full lot South Grand stréet. Price §1,600. Will take Liberty Bonds. Johm W. Himes. 10att

Yu'll need a hot water bottle this fall. Then why mot huy a Kantleek guaranteed for two years at the Rex- . - SOati ~ Anyone having mission furniture to dispose of such as tables, chairs, settees, etc please leave name and description of articles for sale at this office.. - ' v 30adt Wanted:—-Business Trained Young People. ' You may get that tfaining either in the resident school or by home study at the South Bend Business College. Write for catalog and Home Study Booklet. 27bto Oct 2 " For Sale—Fine building lot on the North Side with a frontage of %) feét and depth of 165 feet. Fine shade treés and other improvements. Will sell cheap. Will Gibson, Mishawaka, Ind. < ‘ 30t ' ' Farms For Sale. _ To settle the estate of Wm. and Janet Crow, we the under signed heirs ‘offer the following real estate for sale in Noble County. . :

83 1-3 acres five mlles South West of Ligonier and four miles north west af Cromwell in what is known as the “Dismal” good buildings. 35 acres of good: timber also. 127 acres in Kosciusko county 3 miles due west of Cromwell on the east side of Lake Wawasee. 2 houses and other good buildings. 20 acres of timber also. ; Large lot in Cromwell, large house barn, hen house, good well, good garden. i . : J. E. D. Crow, Admr. Ligonier . Jennie Klick, Syracuse '° © Wm. Crow, Syracuse Sadie Sloan, Cromwell. . 27but - Last Registration Day. - Monday, October 4th, Is the last day to register for the November election. Unless youn register you cannot vote. The registration places will be open in each precinet from 8 a. m. te 9 p. m. Do not fail to register 30a2t

Auctioneering Twenty-one years experience in all kinds of live stock and farm sales. Satisfaction on our part ~ guaranteed or no charge. For dates call Lincoln Cafe, Ligonier. _ John Gill & Son

- Girls and women to learn to sew on - power sewing machines on shirts. . $9.50 per week tomstart with, rapid ~ advancement. Apply ot Kahn Brothers Shirt Co.

5 Not beranse her éné;ieo were strong but be- , '~ cause she as a nation, had become weak - through waste and extravagance. - History is always pointing paralles. Let us noet allow the glory which is ours to £0 the » ~way of Reman power and culture. LN - IHf you and I and all the rest will curb extra- ‘ ' gance and save for the future we are doing our part. e This bank will help you. Call for a book today. ‘ - _ l;igoniér, Indiana

PALM BEACHES & = ; ? SUMMER FROCKS. Youmen and women need not deprive vourself of the luxury of Palm Beach suits and washable flock for fear of the work in washing them; Let our laundry keep them fresh ‘and clean for you. At your service at all times, Phone 86 BANNER STEAM LAUNDRY . AND DRY CLEANING

JHh Coleman ‘ are the best lighted Lamps in the worid, Ciie:xper than electricity and a whiter light, ..More candle power than you have ev.r been used to using. : - - Cheaper yes cheaper than oil or eclectricity more candle powre and whiter ihan oil or electricity. We guarantee them—come in take one home with you a::d let it prove to he what you want. -