Ligonier Banner., Volume 41, Number 6, Ligonier, Noble County, 7 May 1914 — Page 2

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s ,-»M-V.'.*;~MMN\AMMW_ AN AT N ~243TRAUCTION OF ROAD DRAG - Brincigies Are Thoréughly Un: jerstood and Intelligently Ap- . ‘plisd Work Is Simple. = . Pl e \lie'l’q~itedﬁSiz§,fés' Deport- . "rnent oaf Ags?;ui‘;pre_.)‘ : ‘ 25 are oftep constructed of . plabks jnstead of dggs le plank ¢ he sirengthened ‘a}'o‘zftg the midi+ Tine By a 2x6-inéh sfeipl A frian: . sirip . may be used ‘under! the ier edoe b s‘hij‘blade;to"‘gixf'.é; it the - riper. cutting slope s 0 1 suecessful operation of tite drag Wwilves two' principles, which when .horauzhlvy uvderstood gnd intelligent b ilied make road working with ‘T s implement very simple. The first nrerns the length and position .of h~ hizeh, while the second deals with i+ pusition of the driveron the drag. \ dinary purposes:the snatch link - Lilevis should - be fastened far snchgh ‘:.{}j»%‘a'r'ri' the blade end of the “zin 1w force the unloaded drag tc ‘wipw the -team at an angle of 45 d-grees. This will cause the earth tc “mioke "along the face of the drag <zhorhiy and will give comparatively Hade draft te HBe teﬁéml'prm'i‘ded, the .ériver rides in the line of draft, - _-.iF ‘small weeds are to Be eutior 2 trow of earth ‘lB to be moved, the “onlerree shonld be attached rathe widse 1o the ditch end of the drag. Trle dras will now move nearly diteh: nfl foremost, and the dmver should widsg with ofie foot em the extreme e arg end of the front siab. . This I swige the drag baék to the prop o= fde and will eanse the blade tc This Bdteh requires slow and Fo7ui drivine in BEGEE L@ prevent the e s - o o ;- : bl . ‘\ Sy ko . - A ‘ N S : u"“x *»W,&r\\, ! - . The Plank Drag, : firaz from tippine foreard. If the [z shhuld plow too deeply, the driv--1 shuuld shift his weight toward the Tipadk slab. If BEELW :ajnd.:;ﬁ’v'eeds' clog fhe blade, they ean usually be re hueved i the driver shifts his weight o a point as far a 8 pbs,§ible from the |4zl or blade en}}“,y- .- Usually two horses are’ enough'tc /puil a drag over am ordinary earth lscad. When four horses are used ‘|*2ex should be hitched to ‘the drag | by means of a fourhorse evener. The tezmrme showld be driven with one horse | on either side of the right-hand wheel [track or rut the full lenelh of the | portion to be dragged, and the return | mate Grer the other haif of-the road- . war. The object’of this treatment is 1e . move. earth towTrd the center of -the roadway aid to'raise it gradually | sabove the sprrounding level. While | ihis is being accomplished all mud- | boles and ruts will be filled, intc - which traffic will pack the fresh earth.

EXPENSE OF ROAD BUILDING | : e ! imteresting Comparison Compiled by Department of Agriculture Show- | . ing Maney Spent. | . | - - : . oAI interesting Compérisnn between ! ne cxpengiture on public roads in | the Tnited States intl9o4 and in 1912 | 2= ast been compiled bv the depart- ‘ ment of agriculture through its office | pablic rpads, showing the tremen- | : >rowth that has taken place in ; movement for better bighwaye j ; the dast eight years. . n 1904 the !f),ﬁalvexpendimres on all | biie roads in ghe Unpited States was | FT9 771617, but in 1912 the expenditures for this purpese amounted to #i64292.285. The expenditiire per mile of public roads in the United | “tates for 1504 was $37.07, but the expevditnres per mile for the vear 1912 w 4 donbled, amounting to $74.65. Thé “xnenditure per ,irihabitant in 1904 == 31.095 but in 1912 it amounted to 178 , o _ : . ¥he zreatest progress in road build inz, has been made in the states which confribute from the state treasuries toward the construction of stafeaid or trunk-line roads. In 1904 thede were 11 states that contributed out of the géneral fund $2.607,000, but im 1912 there were 35 states which (ﬁ’mﬂ":w:%f‘d $43,757488.. The states Laving the largest -expenditures for: state-did and trunk-line roads in 1912 were as follows: New; York, $23,000400 Pennsylvania, $4,000,000; Madryjand, $3,370,000; Connecticut, $3,000, - Falei 7 4 Both Questions Important. The subject of good roads is one that will not ‘down, but the question of keeping good roads is quite as important. . - - Benefit of Wide-Tire Law. - Results of experiments in different states indicate that the wide-tire law is not only a benefit to the public highways, but gives the teamster a big ad‘vantage. Reports from various states show that with the wide-tired vehicle 30 to 60 per cent less power is necessary to move a given load than with ihe Darrw s ' Agitate, educate, legislate—these three words are all sermons in the

QTAQCES NF POIITRY DISEASES OF POULTRY i . v . GERMS AND -PARASITES fSHOUL‘B | i -BE KEPT OUT. | Hens Used for Hatching Should Be Healthy and Dusted Welir With *. | Vermin Powder Befere Setting | 2 —Must BEe Kept Ciean. (By' JOHN BOWIE. Copyright, #l4) Fowls are liable tb be gTected by a numhber of diseases and may also be infeéiéezl by various kinds of parasites ‘whiell live on the surface of the body and dlso in the ercp, stomdch or intestimes, taking the nourishment whixh should be used to put on flesh or produce eggs-and alscz causing irritation and inflammation. The contagious diseases produced by animal and vegetable germs .are the nost important the poultryman hak to consider in trying to keep his birds healthy. These germs and the parasites should be kept out preferably by preventive urdasyres, although there are cases where medicines may ‘be advantageously given. As a rule, however, it is better to kill sick fowls, ‘the cjost of treatment being greater than ithe valug of the birds. DMoreover. the spread of contagious .diseases!is also there. To :start right, then, set eggs from a flock which has shewn no indications pf contagicus disease for at least a year; avoid putting these eggs in packing such as chaff, ete., which may be musty or moldy; wipe them with a cloth wet in seventy to eighty per cent alcohgl and hatch them in a thoroughly cleansed incubator. The young chicks should then be free from parasites and injurious germs of all kinds, ahd to keep theni so put them in clean brooders and allow them to run only upon ground which has not been used for fowls for several years, . Should hens be used for hatching the chicks pick-out those known to be healthy apd /dust well with lice powder before sitting. Their nests should be perfectly clean, and there should be a box of road dust or sift_ed hard coal ashes under cover where they can dust themselves. When the ~oung chitks are taken from the nest iexa:xlgne carefully for lice. Thes:c varasites accumulate under the throat and on.the top :lnd back of the head. and if any. are l'oignd b 2 little sweet oil, 'ﬁure lard gr vaseline with the finger| over the Eparts where the lice are. | S : . By fstarting thus a flock may. be raised practically free from disease germyg and . pdrasites, but fo keep germd and parasites from developing -and increasing to a dangerous extent, the hens must be kept clean, the drinking fountains and.feed troughs ‘washdd every day or two with boiling ‘Wwater) and if any mites are found cn the bi;rds or in their houses, the roosts and adjoining parts of the walls éhoulq be spraved with a good disinfectant used in connection with freshivislaked lime. . : e

FOR THE POULTRY BEGINNER Uniess Novice Has Had Some Previ- . ous Experience It is Better to . Begin in Small Way, = If you are intending to begin in the poultry business .this spring without any previous experience do not start with a large flock. P ' - It is better to. begin with a small flock s you will get your experience ;;Fuch;_'chea;per land he better able to andle your flock as it increases. Do not harbor.the mistaken notion that there is pot much work to be done about a ppultry plant. . To be suré the work is liglit but you will find it to be about the busiest job you ever undertook. : \ . A great deal has been printed hbout the farge profits to be made in.the

e s — i e B wﬁgiﬁ’ , Wit 7 o VR )48 .' J} - //f‘ o : ‘gli This Bu}lding Will House Thirty Hens _ and Can Be Built for $3O. "

business. In ithe cases where this is true it has been where the conditionsllave been unusually favorable as to’l markets, ete. | : : ‘ Don’t expect a 'profit of from $5 to $6 a hen as some people claim to have made. If you clear between $2 and $3 a hen under ordinary conditions you l wiil have reason to be proud of your work. Quite likely as you gain your | experience and find your markets you ] will be able to do better, but if you expect to make your fortune in a! couple of ye&;rs without any previous | training you! will be greatly disap-? pointed., ; . - Save Hatghing Eggs. Ly If a setting hen leaves the nest do pot throw ‘away the eggs unless they are cold., If fyou have apother broody hen put her on the nest. She will finish the hatching and it will save her just so much time as well as saving the eggs. S Convenience of Incubator. ' It you have an incubator, you can gq' to hatching chicks ds scon as you have eggs enough, whereas you- have to ‘wait for.a setting ‘hen till she gets 'neady. g : S ~_ Early Hatched Chicks. E Early hatched chicks are stronger and start’ laying in the fall, while summer hatches will not lay before gorleg.. i ' . Bones for Poultry. _ For poultry, fresh bones from the butcher shop pounded fine, are supervior to the commercial bone meal. ? o Ao S s 032 g ~ Avoid Trouble. t' Cleanliness prevents lice and dis Lhago gorms, . o > '

Tiwo Blades of Grass in Place of One May be grown—if you plant.thfb right kind of grass in the right manner in the right kind of soil. Better seed, better soil p 'eparatif)ns, better (;111tilrsf;1ti()n~—tllz1t will be the gospel of o » _ : °: . e . : 9 : D - : D , Ligonier Banner’s Agricultural Department

GOOO AND INEXPENSIVE DAIRY BUILDINGS

e | : .“—' L e e N | : oel i i i i i v 1A e : , L : TTER T as i B i =il ‘ 1 I .zi:: T ||“ =il =i | et i "mil ]m D HILHI l | | !: ,l{,; ‘7 AT i"l ‘1“ 111,11 l \ 1 nav) ll‘l : ¢ e e «Tl S R e 7 7L P e = S NEnrriATER S : > .| Side View of inexpensive bélry House. . L

(Prepared by the {Upited States Depa_,"rt-l ment of Apriculture.) . The department| of agriculture as{ the result of a grpat demand for information relating jto the_congtruction3 of dairy buildings ktarted a line of investigation' through its dairy ‘specialists for the purpose of develoving the basic principles off such construction. In order to make the work thoroughly practical, these stydies were extended to the planning and actual. supeLrvision of construction ofja number of dairy buildings in diffepent sections of the country. -Few lodalities will require or.even permit of {the same treatment so .fer as exposire, size, form, or building material jare considered, but the problem of light, ffcors, ceilings, ete., are nearly alike in all cases! - Stable for 24 Cows. i : The pian showid is designed for 24 cows, and allows pmple room for calf pen and box stalls for bull and cows; also space for fekd room, hay chute, wash room and sflo. The amount of space allowed fdr the various pur',yx_uses will meest | the [usual requir'e’-, ments. The ajrangément of the space can be adapted to the needs of the particular lodation. § Special Features Common to All We 11.7 .7 Planndd Bapne ¢ | The width of this barn is 31 feet 4 inches outside. | This allows smple ;room for the stalls and passageways, 'While; the length heére shown is 73 feet 6 inches, this depends on' the number of jcows [to. be handled. The side wills.’are byilt of brick or.concrete up to the window sills, the balance of the walls being frame. The end walls are copstructed of brick or concrefe up to the ceiling. A partition extcnds acrbss the barn so that the cow stable gan be entirely shut off from the res{ of the barn. 1 : “Windows. : ~ Onésof the faulty points in ardinary barn construction is the small amount of window spacejusually allowed. This plan provides agproximately 6 square feet for each edw. It will be noted from the elevation that the windows are sliding sash jextending to the ceiling, making them nearly twice as high as they arg wide. This arrangement will admit jmuch more light than the same spacei}t‘ the windows were placed otherwisg. = . : » 1 Nanger. s ' The manger is planned to be 2 feet ‘wide ahd 6 inches deep, with slightly rounded corners, the front sloping at an angle of 45 [degrees and the bottom being 2 inghes higher than the floor 'of the stalls. = = = U o Stalls. The width of stalls is 3 feet 6 -inches, which ig as narrow as should

RAPE PASTURE FOR THE HOGS - \ Very Rank Gro th on One "Acre May: Supply Feed fpr Twenty-Five Head g ——SeeplspynQ. j | (By DEAN M Z}:ORD of the Missour‘i? ' Experignent Station.) | A good growth of rape will supply pasture for 10 fo 20 hogs to the acre.. A very rank growth may supply feed for 25 head. .[Where the feeding is to extend from 10 to 14 weeks it is advisable to pasture rape at the ratef of 10 to 12 hgad ‘to the acre. | ' The favorablg time for seeding l‘apei is in the spring as soon as danger of hard freezing is past. It will furnish pasture from the middie «of May until: the third weeld in Augnst. Rape will withstand light frosts, but net hard freezing. Thd best results are obtained when odts and clover are sown with it. Sow frpm five to seven pounds of rape aheadi of the drill and then: drill in ong-hglf bushel of oats ‘and six to ten -pounds of clover seed to the acre. The rape and oats will serve as a cover crop.for the clover and usually a good] stand of clover will be obtained -‘that {may be pastured with: hogs the following year. ! : If rape is not grazed too closely in June and July, so that the stalk of the plant is -eaten off, it may grow up and make fall pasture, It should never ‘be pastured sp.closely as to destroy all leaves ‘on| the stalk, and stock should not b¢ turned on until the plants are from 14 to 18 inches high. Complaint is sometimes made by feeders that seabs and cores form on the "ears and |backs of the hogs on rape. The rémedy is to move the hogs to anotber pasture for a short time and then! dip them or apply sulphur and lard -to the sores. Cream Check Is Dependable. - Chinch bugi may take the wheat and drought the corn, but it takes ‘more than thege calamities to stop the cream check. | It comes once a month tha 'yaat aroind. oo = 0

be allgwed: The depth is indicated as 4 feet 6 inches, but thig may be varied | according. to' the sizé of the cows in the herd: The manure gutter is (14 inches wide and 6 incheg deep. | - = : - : Floor. The | entire’ floor is concrete, 6 inches| in ‘depth when finished, laid over' at least 6 inches of cinders or brokeq rock. Concrete is considered th'e bept material for several reasons: (1) it|is sanitary; (2) it is economical because of.its durability; (3) when a Areatonable amount of beddihg is used it is comiortable to the animals and np bad effects result. The floor is intended to be raised about cone foot above the level of the gorund to insure drainage. : ' i Alleys. - . The alleys behind the cows are 4 feet wide. Manure should be taken Away [from the barn daily. and deposited 'in a.-manure shed or on the field, and the alleys are designed with this in view. It is undesirable, from the st’andtmint of construction and sani tation, to have a manure pit under the stabla. o e . ‘. Galf Pen. . A comfortable calf pen should be provided, effectively separated frqng' the milking herd. The one shown/is 21 by 11 feet. Incividual stanchions are provided for feeding cal¥es grain and milk. : 2 o - Buil Pen and Box Stalls. Thpse are approximately 10 by 1( ‘feet.] There is a full window in each stall,] providing an abundance of light] , : ' Feed RSom®> - This is centrally located; twb grain chutes from the upper floor. A hay chut¢ from the loft above deposits the hay ¢conveniently to the feeding alley : Watering. Watering devices may be put in the stable or provided for outside iat the option of the builder. v Storage of Feed. : THere is no objection to storage abovie thie cow stable proper so long as the floor is similar in constructioh to the one in the drawing, so as to be kppt perfectly tight..f . = : - Ceiling. . ‘ln| colder climates it is deemed bet: ter to have a comparatively.low ceil ing lon hccount of temperature, and this| construction admits of changes in_ti;is respect. . . ‘ ° Ventilation. The plan adapts itself to any system|' of ventilation. The openings shown give suggestions as to where the |fresh air ‘may be taken in and the |impure air discharged. e

PLACE FOR HEN TO SCRATCH Oat| Straw Found to Be as Cheap as Anything Else in Long Run—Buck- .| wheat Is Too Fattening. : There are a number ofedifferent materidls which- furnish an cxcellent place for the hens to scratch in, says a writer in the Poultry Journal. Lez{'ves are probably the stuff most used by theé small poultrymen. These are(d good if gathered when perfectly dryl. They must be put into the pens every few days, because the poultry will break them into dust by their chtinuzﬂ scratching. I find oat straw about as cheap in thé long run, because it lasts quite a while and furnishes some feefl it fed before threshing. L ¢ o Some of my neighbors haxe tried feading buckwheat 2s a scratching material and a feed combined. Buckwheat is too fattening and should be l,zs%d only occasionally. Corn.husks make an excellent scratching material. Shfedded or cut corn fodder does very.well if there is nothing else on hand.” I do not like any form of meadgw grass or swale for scratching material because it mats down too much when cut and not enough when not cut.

. ' Rearing Calves. : The man who plans-to rear his heifer; calves should bear this point in mind:. Vitality is one of the most important things to be developed, and it is obtained only through liberal feeding and proper care. And -this # only partly true, for, unless 'the calf is well-born to start with, the best care and feeding will not produce a prPﬁtable cow. : ? ; Rye Meal for Cows. The Pennsylvania experiment sta tion has found that rye meal as a part of properly balanced ration for dairy -cows 1s sufficient in milk and butter production to an equal weight of corn meal. W i .

' HOME SUPPLY OF FRUITS AND VEGETARLES

Sl g e i e R e e i 3’ 2 g : ¢ NORIH. . | o i : APPLE ORCHARD - : : VR PP PV a 7 0Y 0P oV 07 0%0 Y . T i i S 5 ? S BRI RE o) G Y 7‘°_“";~—‘:‘T—:~———j A’) “ DOUBLE ROW OF &% WYFPOER NN PO RP | et EVERGREENS o| © & PRPPRRIIPHFUD & PEACHES - . BIPYPRYIPPRPIPRDE QuG, 1 B PRPRRAN NPT YPRY R 3 : l g% @@@@@@@@‘f@@@@@@ 3 o 1B 2082099065000 0@ | . B 8 R PUERRERO9699OOO . § 3 LN PUOLRVYIIIVRERY = < : e : E T s & L% 8 ompauG e ARC See e fe g N| Sy Tomed S 4R 0 IN 0N -, | GARDEN AND 2 || &% s s NTE B 2 bu | STRAWBERRIES e St St Sntun Sne gy, 28 A B : SR Cet B Y e 0| S e SR ENRA PRI, TS T s e _ |R AR D N AN SSAN N eA 40 CEAR os2BAYeATARv s At s e, | 4O FEET . AT e B et e 6 el Sg2 | BUSH FRUITS e e . P S . < » cacome g | : ;ﬁ(iqvﬁty%;fvv¢%§:??‘ﬁ§?¥\j’fs“.’:?‘q 3.7, AND GRAPES s L aßen PRy . |

S HBY _YV, M. KELLEY) Our greatest joy in farming is growing a bountiful supply of “palatable and nutritious fruits and vegetables tor home use. There is nothing that iraws the whole family into a closer spirit of unity than the hours spent working among the good things which a well-kept garden provides for the family table. For many years Wweg have used ‘one acre of ground, which {s fenced chicken tight, to grow vegetables and small fruits for home use. During the summer and fall mon{hs more than a comfortable living has been obtained from this one acre. It aas pravided everything in the way of fruits and vegetables except apples and potatoes, and_a surplus of some things to exchange for groceries at the store. This garden: adjoins the home grounds and’is protected on the north by an apple orchard and. on the east by two rows of evergreens. The portion occupied ‘by peaches, plums, pears and quince’z‘; serves as a runway for the young chicks, which in turn benefit the trees by their droppinzs and destroying insects. =

A supply of peaches for two months. Is provided by the Carman, Alexander, Farly Crawford, Champion, Elberta and Late Crawford, .which gave us about 30 bushels last year. Twelve pear trees of nearly as many varieties, including the Bartlett, Bosc, Anjou, Clapp’s Favorite, Blemish Beauty 'Laurence and Seckel, furnish plenty of this delicious ifruit for eating from the hand and for canning purposes. An abundancée of plums has been furnished by 20 trees of six varieties, four Green Gage, two Monarch, two Shropshire, two Bamson, two Red June, four Satsuma and four Abundance. Eight quince bushes, four Orange, two Champion and two Meech'’s Prolific, furnish an abundant supply of these appetizing fruits for canning, nreserving and jelly making. - The chicken-yard fence is hidden from the home grounds by the row of evergreens. The west side of the garden is devoted to grape vines and bush fruits.” Two rows of grape vines BxB feet apart and tied up on wire trellis-work furnish plenty of -this lrealthful and delicious fruit from the last wefk in August unéil frost comes. “ The' varieties include the Worden, Mour's Early, Mcor's Diamond, Concord, Niagara, Lindley, Agawam and. Catawba. Next to the grape rows are the rows of bush fruits; one row each of currants, black raspberries, red raspberries dnd blackberries. Next to these rtows of bush fruits one lone row is devoted to rhubarb, asparagus, and various’ herbs and medicinal plants. e ‘ Among the bush fruits our favorite varieties for home use are Fay's - Prolific and cherry currants, both large, -vigorous growing bushes, which l produce fruit of excellent quality. of ' red rasphberries. we grow the Cuth/bert, Ruby Red and Syracuse Red va- | rieties. The Kansas and Cumberland E are the most satisfactory c¢f the black - varieties. : : . We also have a few bushes of the i Columbia raspberry; a purple variety Cwhich is a strong grower, unexcelled |v for productiveness and desirable for | canning. Our ‘favorite -blackberry is the /Eldorado, which is the hardiest and sweetest blackberry we have ever | grown. This variety matures strong, wigorous wood and has never winterkilled or failed to produce a full crop of the finest .fruit. The berries are | large, jet black, bprne in large clus- ‘ ters, and ripen well together. It is a | very -promising. berry. . We mulch the vines and bush fruits, in the summer as soon as the cultivation ceases and remove this mulch early enough in the spring to plow it

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under for our vegetable garden. In this way the mulching material serves a twofold purpose—a cover for thp vines and bushes during the winter and manure apd humus-making material for the garden the next spring. - ~ln the vegetable garden, which is 60x208 feet, we plant beans, peas, tomatoes, early tabbage, peppers, carrots, turnips, 'beets, and other vegetables in long rows and custivate with a horse. The only vegetahles grown in- beds are radishes, lettuce; smail pickling onions and various plants for transplanting .into rows. " “Tomatoes are set three feet apart and -trained to barrel hoops fastened .to stakes. This takés &4 little ‘more time and labor than to aliow them to spread over the ground, but the fruit is of better quality and ripens more ‘evenly. We have found the Clark's Early Jewel, Acme and Ponderosa the most satisfactory varieties for home se. : ‘We grow cucumbers in 'r?ws and find it the most satisfactory”way for a small-plot. Early peas and string beans are planted in rows 24 inches apart, but late. peas are ‘planted in double ' rows with a 30-inch chicken wire between for the vines to run up on. We plant the Burpee Bush Lima bean instead of the pole bheans, hecause they are much easier to grow.

They are by no means as prolific,. but two rows halfway through thel garden gives jus all we can use green| shelled during their season and enough. dry beans for winter. We grow pep: pers about the same as tomatoes, except that we do not train the plants to grow up on- stakes or barrel hoops. We have practiced intensive culture with " the- best of results. By using plenty. of| manure, fertilizers and mulching material we have been able to get good crops each year. We plow deeply and apply lime, wood ashes and chemicals to the soil to keep ‘it sweet and Kkill various insect pests. Such crops as onions, radishes, lettuce, beets peas and cabbage that a light frost will not injure, are put ino as soon as the soil will permit. S "~ As soon as these’early vegetables are out of the way we replace them with cabbage, tomatoes, turnips and other late vegetables, We also plant seeds of the same vegetables at different times so that we may prolong their seasons. In this way we can have corn, tomatoes, peas, String beans and other early truck until in the fall. The surplus of beets, tur nips, cabbages and other winter vegetables make &~ valuable supplement to the fowls’ rations in the winter.

We have no permanent place for our strawberry beds, as they are ro tated with the garden crops from year to year. We usually put out 60¢ plants each year. -We frequently re new an old bed if it shows unusual promise, or if the newly-started bed does not get well-started early in the season. However, as a rule, I believe it pays best:to start pew beds each year, because in 4 rich garden soil the old matted rows afford a fine breed ing place for rank growing weeds. . We depend upen our own beds for about one-half of the plants we put out each year and usuaily buy frem 200 to 300 plants- of some of the standard varieties. Our favorite berries are the Dunlap, Glen Mary, Clyde and Marshall. . - The whole acre is inclosed witk poultry-tight fence. This does not de: prive the fowls of their liberty anc they cannot -injure the garden. No attempt has been made to plant and arrange fruits and- vegetables artis tically; and main effort has been to get the greatest return for the time and: work expended. Ours is simply a farmer’s homea acre. ’ S

NOTES FROM M 5 ﬂ Will zam’Prlf el ) “ R R ek

Farming is a business. = - ° .57 .04 Burn all garden refuse. - ¢ . Jie ok . A There is no one best ration. ~ - - i : B * ; 2 S 5 4 ) Every farm should have a garden. It never pays to starve = young horses. - L , .!e S i The market demands hfrses as.well | as steers that carry fat. =.. - ~ . 1 AL RL& 2 e i ' S e e . ‘The preper way -to sbw alfalfa 18 with some form of - drill. " v -t 1 e o w S e * If the little pig goes to niarket it should be at a decent price. Seee . v k. el e kT Plant radishes remote from -the track infested by the wireworm' last year' " ) > : - s o B 2 e “1f any horses are to be offered: for sale, be sure they are fat, sleek’ and clean. el L a : , & ek R Fresh air poultry bouses. give good results, even where winters are. cold and. severg.! Sigtest ' o o Soilate et e, T T e There are many things .a . farmer, can do on rainy days to improve his farm and home... =~ ... Ll » B e o e n starting cattle, no othér feed can be useds in such large guantieg and-as safely as cora silage. . - Tl SR &S The latter part of April is-usually a good time to set.out strawberries’ and cther small fruits. - S i e k@ An incubator should.not be operated where there is a.draft, but should "al® ways be sarrounded with mure air. . o T S g @ LT T T e Coal tar camifct be beaten fof keep-. ing out the peach-tred berer,. but-it will not kill once he becomes’ establighed. o e e EIRA R w.owoe o ST Keep a hox filled with rock salt where .the horses can.reach it at all times. It can be nailed to the’ feed {roughs. Bes L e T e . ¥y & ® ‘:“ g , . Hens intended for - hatching and rearing chicks should be selecfed with due attention to their d@daptability for the worlee b i < 00 00 e e riin s woow & - Plant the seed or set.out frees of ‘black walnut or butternut. this ‘year. They grow. more valuable &S#theyi Trow older. . e g

There is absolutely no ‘dangef of bee-keeping or honey production -being overdone; the demand excéeds the supply; and always will RE i - ® % Tk S Do not set strawberries too deep. The roots should be well spread-out and thél plant set no deeper than it originally grew in the field. .+ - - € & L DAk ATE The physical condition of the soil 1s of as,great importance as the amount of plant food there. Fertilizers will not do the work of fitting-the seedbed. - Filage can be used for supplementing pastures more econoriically -than can soiling crops, because it requires less labor, and silage is. more palatable. e L Ry . = ‘. ® * . ) s o Zios Little ducks must not be allowed to get ‘into the drink:dish and get wet, for unless they are kept dry during the first week or two there’ will-be sickness and loss.. o A

Do not plant more apple trees:unless you are taking gcod eare of what you have. A few well éared for give better returns than' many-given over. to insects and disease, e 2 T o Sheep are very close grazers;- few animals are able to thrive Gn- shorts orass like sheep. Those who! have hillside land or pasture land with short.srass should have a few Sheep. e . R e o . Sows expected o - farrow - should bave suflicient protein—musgle-mak-ing fend—in the ration.” They cam't make pigs on wind and water, Tank-. age is ideal for protein snp’plc}me'nt;‘f - i AR R e . The manure accumulated in- ‘the sheep pen has a high valie. Don’f let it lie too long, and use it where.jyou want extra weod-grass. ‘This by-prod- ] uct is one of the sheep’s great profits. el & % N T 5 1; In raising crops, in breeding stock,in saving and -applying -manure ;nl fact, in 'jg of the work on the farm, | plan ahedd as far as possible o ._that’% all of the work can -be done at the’ right time and in the right manner. ] ::%I¥, : T ] Producing market. cream, or rather selling butter-fat, is a very. ai;ti'aéftivéj Hine of business, and it is better for the farm than selling the whole-milk.. The skim milk hos the majority ef the fertility and if this can be fed on the farm the land will be 'in better shape thap if it is gold.- =.- = ee T e The chief rations for ‘the~dairy are the rations that are raised on the: farm as largely as possible. It pays ‘to buy some feeds and a cheap ration is not always the one that costs the least money. "It is the one thatbrings the best returng.” -.- _ One writer says it- does not pay to buy feed for live stock. That depends entirely upon the live stock. If you have the right kind of ‘cattle’ it will pay to buy feed under any circumstances for they will give you a_ gued return, for your meoney..

- Give'the chicks some grit. Sy S 86 N ; 1 ' Feed the chickens a varlety. N PR 3 . i £ i i - Give the cows plenty of water. : : . SN ' ~ Don’t leave the pigs out in a cold i T N T e 2 ~Variety counts for much in the rations of fowls.. . - Lee o = .~ African geese are much larger than the Chinese variety. : 5 .. o Lo ~When ahog is at a standstill there is a less-of food and a loss of time. L, L i 8T ;- Allow the calf a clean, airy paddock ‘or _box-stdll in: which to get exercise. e &8 i : ~ The formalin treatment of seed to prevent smut is simple, cheap and effective. B e ' {7 e i o e s s 5 o 7 - An animal must have a good appetite if vou expect to kave stamina and geod constitution. 2 ' R e Gee sl [ . Tmoculation for alfalfa is pot neces sary on 21l land, but in many places it is-highty essential. g Ll Lo B . & ) : ) -I’suall’f -old sows ‘mated with old ‘E}ndfvigo'ro'us boars will give the most satisfactory results. ’eß ) S . It i§ theé manner in which wool is cleansed, not its.condition, that gives to" it the proper class. : SHR e -.s s e - Any change for the 'worse in the condition of a sheep .will cause a weak place in thé.wool fiber. - = | SR ie e ) 5 It is a mistake to try to force a cow to ‘make milk out of food that dees ‘not carry milk making qualities. i L ‘e s 3 © If there is not already a good asparagus bed on the place, purchase about 200 plants and set them this spring.

W& do not.need manure orcdmmercial feptilizer on our orchards as much’ as -light cultivation and perfect-care. TR Tie wiie . ‘When' thé> weather permits get the manure on to the land. That's where it belongs and where it does most sbod: < o. . S T e . x 4 - * Good sheep require good care-to maintais their excellence. *Poor sheep are -always a burden upon- the rest of the flock. T c & T e . o : ~ln this day no farmer could go back £o hapd labor, for. his cost of production.would be greater than his crop. s .worth.. 2 = ki ; : L. % & 8 : . “ A little. cars at freshening time amay save the young heifer and add very greatly to her’ value during the ‘coming year. o : 1, : = % * ‘Don’t forget thaf little chicks need some fine grit or ¢oarse sand a 3 socn as they begin to eat, to assist them in grinding their food. - - =T ) R s * & 5 o : | _Alfalfa, the ideal dairy hay plant, zan -be! grown in almost every locality in the country if the soil conditions -are made right. > e ’ & k% ‘'K -your beets did not ‘do well last year; try glving them some-more manure, not directly, but well worked into the soil before planting. e ise . o Never locate the road so close to the stream bed that it will be subject to zn overflow or on ground which is constantly damp and marshy. ok, =7 The Red and Yellow Globe onions are the kinds usually planted for markeét. Prizetaker and some other white onions are of better flavor, but do not -keép as well. o : . e L e :

- One of the ‘most impertant ‘items in ‘securing -the most milk is not only to milk regularly but as nearly as possibleé to milk at the same hour night and morning.’ - o - el R et - " An acre of alfalfa will furnish more high-cldss protein. feed than almost any ofher crop that is grown in the sections where dairying is followed to the best advantage. o

Labor is most effective when diro~ted by “intelligence and thought,. arid- a- combination of> muscle and brain- will do more and accomplish more than anything else. 2 . o > ® = © Ducklings, -like older ducks, must have " .their- water in a dish - deep encugh so that they can get thelr heads intd it up to their eyes; other“wige they will not -do well. : R 3 M 2 . ,O"r:e advantage in thoroughly .clean-. ing up the work teams in the evening ~aftér the day's work is done is that it~ ‘puts-them in the best condition “to get ‘the fyll benefit of the night's rest. £ . . e ‘Werk the mare that is in foal. Anything -that conduces fo health in the "dagm will also help to develop a more perfect. foal, and there will be less .trouble in bringing it into the world. * . 3o z = ¥ * % - *Nearly all-live -stock farmers are making feed a, premier crop this year. . =Th‘-ey are seeking safety by planting crops that may not be as profitable in ‘a'good year but which make them safe in 4 bdd one. - G : g : £, @ ) "+ Oné. of the very best ways of supplyifhg salt to hogs is to keepa supply .in a box or trough, of salt and wood ashes and 4 little copperas. The more ‘charcoal there is mixed with the ashes ‘the better. ~ There is no danger of ‘their eating too much if they hate access to it all the time. =~ - ¥T& * * g A flock of breeding ewes and their Jambs will be of much help in keeping pastures free from weeds and cam be made to utilize a large amount of grass that otherwise "would go to ‘waste along the fences and unculti .vated places in the fields. - e Do : s @ : .Do not take the chicks out of the fncubatog until the hatch is completes, ‘but if there is no nursery under the tray where the chicks will drop when dried off, it i 3 sometimes advisable to remove the empiy shells once or twice, doing it as ‘uickly as possible.