Ligonier Banner., Volume 46, Number 19, Ligonier, Noble County, 10 August 1911 — Page 6

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5 P | : ' L [OW grossiy inconsistent ‘ '.'_4’-.‘we» are! \\:}wu, for ~the J’” ~sake of 0 11;1, a Missour;in v" - physician gdministered ty-. ,}LI / phoid geruis to some of dﬁdg“u!ifg{ ‘his ‘relatives, - thereby m‘#m - jéausz‘ng xut or eight il a 1 niesses and| one death, we o * stood - aghist, called the i ' . physieian 4 murderer, and .clapped hinr into prison for life. And whemn;: during the Si}anish-.‘xmeri_oan.-war, some m’enty3ﬁve,vhﬁn«zl_rell of the boys in’ khaki were mneedlessty slaughtéred,. _17.1;';.11;: of thém by typhoid, we denounced in scithing terms ‘those cilicials -whose carelessness and. incompetency caused the tragedy. But we hear with abso- - lute indifference the statemient that yearly ~the pollution of our water sources needlessly . causes. more - than 185,000 typhoid illnésses and 15,000 deaths. 'We pay.no. heed to the ‘fact. . ‘that year affer wear im ' the ' United * States gt}&jen_‘tinles as ‘many people: are needlessly ifl of typhoid.fever as there. “were soldiers wQul.'lded in the battle of Gettysburg, and threc" times as many. - persons needlessly die from typhoid fever as met death in that tragic strug- = It- is the old, old story: of the _xh‘me Yand the beam. We do not see the enor“mity: of this terrible wrong because we

i AR R e S AR R S(s Y AeMSR AR N N e &> ) are ourselves the authors of it We ai‘e‘ji_lst -as responsible for those 15,000 yearly deaths i a 8 our army oflicers were for the: tragedies: in our Spanish war camps. And our mctive is just as mercenary as was that of the physician ‘who gave E&}}h()idiéerﬁlxxs to gain a her‘itage. For we, too, -are actuated: by financial reasons: we are unwillihg to pay the. price” .0f water purification.. So we ‘continué to smite tha rock of a polluted water supply and there gishes forth sewage. And when our children ask for water we give them. pmson." = o ‘To be snitable—that is, to be potable and ‘fit for domestic Guse—water must be practi:cally free from pathogenic germs, color, sedi‘ment, odor,\taste land turbidity. Hardness makes laundering difficult. fron spoils ltnen.. Carbonic-acid gas turns water: pipes brown. " Algae make water taste bad. Water supplies” differ widely as human beings, “Pure, whole--some water,” the term set forth in -so Jnany- . water contraets, is;.then, wholly a;_rel’ative,' term. Really pure water is a rare thing, be- - cause there hardly exists in nature water that. dpes' not contain some foreign . ingredients. _ Not all of these are harmful, however, so that water that is fit to drink is‘as common as really pure water is rare. So that, generally speaking| the question of a good water- supply fs merely a question of being willing to spend the money negessary to obtain lit. “Hence '_'thgre ought-to be no community in the United States that does not have a plentiful supply’ _of perfectly wholesome water. = . o g Anything but ~whdlcs}mle,"/hmvever, is " the squality ®of the water that all tco: often: we _actually get. Dr. F W. Shamway, réporting. _on water conditions in Michigan, says in parf: .. “Of the ninety-nine repliés received,: 79 per cent reéported the: water as good, 11 per cent: _as.fair, and =lO per eent as of bad quality.. < . The® replies from 124 -localities indicate that - In 43 per cent of these localities the public water supplies are in danger of. contamina:. tion.”. Dr Q. 0. Sutherland, discussing water conditions in Wiseonsin, says that in his state . ‘“nearly every stream used for -any . kind of supply, Is contaminated -to’ some’ ektent by sewage.! Health (<"<>ljlinlissi(mel' (3.:A. Bading, speaiking of Milwaukee's water supply, says that most of the city’'s water onm'r\s-;fr‘_om Lake Michigan, but that there are stili §,OOO “wells in existence, 91 per cent of -which have been shown to be contaminated. ‘Lake ‘Michigan is the soiirce of water'{or many other towns: near it. -One of the fributaries of Lake Michi- - Ean is the Grand Calumet river.: “And- here is what--Health Commissioner W. A. Evang,. of " Chicago, has to say of -the -Grand. Calymet: “The "grealer part of the sewage from the business and residential districts. (of Hammond; Ind) empties into the Grand Calumef, which, as it flows through Hammond, is:almost -unspeakably vile and putrescent. . And this stream empties into the lake only 3,000: feet from the waterworks . intake:” ‘Dr. Edward Bartow, analyzing conditioms in lilinols, _ says that. “an examination of'the untreated " lake water shows that unsatisfactory water is . frequently delivered at ¥ vanston; ‘Lake: Forest, (ilencoe, North Ch‘ioago,'\\'m;keg%m;.f\}?il{ mette and Winnetka. .. . And that the water’ supplies of all cities which usé unfiltered - lake water are shown'to he impure at tim&s.” "And this condition of thé water Supply may , be taken ds typical of the entire: country. A © very -considerable proportion of--our drinking water ‘ls absolutely unfit for human consump- * Criminal{ negligence is the -sole and only “cause of such a condition. We dig a cesspool and a well in the same yard, and the contents ~ of the cne seep:.through /the earth. into-the other. We pla.cé a privy vault a few feet from .our well hole, and the rans -wash m“é_' _Lﬁlth “from the former into the latter. We defile the -surface of the ground so that every rainstorm. sweeps the defilement into our sireams. Did . you ever tand at the edge of a parnyard.ind. - watch the rain falling from the .roof of the --barn.and plg pen to the manure piles below, " slowly accumuiating in pools of reddish black, and draining away into a nearby. stream, aid . go on' into some. ene’'s drinking water?. 4}l" have you.ever stdod by a river bank and watched a sewer bhelching forth its infinitely —more harmful human corruption? = The id¢a - of drinking such nauseating stuff is not pleas‘ant; but that Is-exactly what millions-of us are doing. "Like the dog, we have- turned. to. . our own vomit.}f‘-ﬁfor; to quote Theodore Hortén, Chief ‘Engineer of the 'New York State Health Department, “We pump: filth into ‘a - gtream by one pipe, and by another plpe .we pomp it G REAE) fe Arink” "~ 0 - 000 . *. Let me give you some concrete Instances " of how our.drinking water is defiled. .In rural ‘New York inspectors from Ithaca found ‘a farmer, who patterning after Hercules’ method of cléaning the Afigean stables, had built _ his barn directly over a large brook, which " carried away all his stabhle manure. This _brook was one of the sources-of Ithaca's watersupply, =~ = : s e * Along the valley of the: Susquehanna theré

Didn’t Get the Right Cue

Tom Keené’s Experience With ' the _Local “Sups” Who Had Played - © With McCullough. . . - Whez -Tom Keene took long tours through the northwest, where tragedy is still in® favor, he used to keep his eompany down in numbers on aceount of the jumps and the high raflroad fares, writes. Drury Underwood. There were. various ways of doing this, such

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is a string of good-sized towns— Plymouth, WilkesBarre, - - Wyoming, Blooms‘burg, “Nanticoke, and others, “all of which empty sewage into tKef river, and a number of ‘which take their drinking water direct from the river. -Wilkes-Barré dces, and its pumping . station- is° on an island in the river. " 'When the- stream -overflows, as it does every spring, the pumpwell s flooded with the foul: est of water—the roiled river flow containing suspended _sewage and the reeking, sul~phurous waste of coal mines.

‘They make dn €ffort to clean. this pump-well: Perhaps they “succeed "and perhaps they do :not.. The point is that the expenditure of a Httle money: would protect the pumping station from inundation. ‘New York State has the same tale of. pollu‘tion .to tel!; Albany, Cohoes, Dunkirk, Lockport, Niagara -Falls, Ogdensburg, Oswego. Tonawan.da, Watervliet, and other. cities drink Tiver'-water that is grossly polluted by the . sewage of cities farther upstream. And I have seen dozens of photographs or filthy cow-sheds and- barns, the drainage from which polluted the watershed for New York. City? . -In Ilinois fiftéen ‘town? north of Chicago empty sewage into Lake Michigan, and nine of them draw .their drinking water back from ‘the lake. And what is true of Pennsylvania, and - New York, and lilinois, 1s also true of ~other states. » Particularly is. it true of the south.” “From the Atlantic to the Pacific, -from the Gulf- to the lLakes our people are needlessly drinking polluted water. Yo .. What is worse, water poliution is on the increase.. “With ‘the rapid growth of our population,” says Alec H. Seymour, Secretary of the New York State Board of Health, in a re--cent--bulletin, “the defllement of our streamsalso 'increases. Some of our flnest streams and lakes are being rendered unavailable for ‘~.boming,', bathing, fishing, and domestic use. ‘They are of~ ne value except as cesspools.” . Typhoid fever one cannot contract without ‘;ta.kihg into one's system germs that have beén voided by a typhoid patient. These germs Zet- into the body through the mouth, pass through the stomach into the intestines, and are carried throuygh -the body by the blood. They leave. the body through the bowels and in the urine. Sometimes infection is carried -by contact or through vegetables and milk; but-the common channel of typhoid transmis“sion .is through our water supply.. “In order that .germs could find-entrance into drinking water,” to quote Dr. Howe again, “there must have ‘been carelessness in caring for the body wastes of previous victims.” And this care--lesstiesss as ‘We haye. seen, consists for the ‘most_part in allowing our water sources to be “polluted with sewage. _ in "c'onse,qu'ence, typhoid, winter cholera, and diarrhoea are most prevalent along water courses used - for both Sewagev}ﬂisposal and water supply. Conversely the typhoid rate of any town continuously using a given water supply. fairly represents the sanitory quality. of .that water supply. . The truth of this will be seen’ by a comparison of the typhoid .rates of towns using. “clean water~yith the rates of towns using polluted water. .In Michigan, for {instance, ‘Allegan, a town of 2,795 population (in 1904) with a pure water supply, had; between 1889° “and 1906, 32 cases of typhoid and 4. deaths. South Haven, a town of 2,767 inhabitants, with -water drawn from I.ake Michigan within 100 feet of a sewer outlet, had in the same period 245 cases and 24 deaths. Manistee, with 12,320 population and pure watéer from wells, had during these same years a typhoid rate' of 15 ‘per 100,000 populationr; whereas Menominee, with 10,666 population and polluted water from Green Bay, had\;}/fyphpid rate per 100,000 of 84. Hartford, Mith, with 1,246 population and’ impure well iwater, had, between 1889 and 1906, 24 typhoid cases and 7 deaths; whereas ' Montague, with 1,021 population and pure well water, had in the same period only 5 cases and 3. deaths. . Again, Benton Harbaer, with pure water from deep wells, had a death rate per: 100,000 of '17.8; Grand Haven, with pure well water, a rate of_ 13.8, and St. Joseph, with pure lake water, a rate of 12.8; whereas the following. New York.towas wusing polluted -river or lake water had for ten years—lB99 “to 1908—these typhoid rates: Lockport, 48.4; Oswego, 49.3; Ogdensburg, 54.6; Cohoes, 84.8; Niagara Falls, 132.9; and Pittsburg, using tpolluted river water, had a typhoid rate, from--1600 to 1907, that averages 127 per 100,000. " Before the typhoid rate of clties that have been scourged | with epidemics, the high ty: “photd’ mortality of such cities as Pittsburg and Niagara Falls dwindles into insignificance. In Watertown 44 out of 582 cases were fatal; in Ithaca 82 out of 1,350; in - Pittshurg 432 ~out of 5265. In Plymouth 114 out of 1,104 per-

a 5 by doubling and by putting a tin sult om the elactrician now and then. One play had a long cast, however, and the advanée agent was instructed to plek up some local marn for one of the "bits.” Keene arrived in.a onenight stand and -mape his. way te the theater .to” nreet the reerult for the play fn question. , He intreduced himself to the manager and explained the situation. - The local dignitary waid:

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sons died; in Lowell 132 out of 550; .in Lawrence 34 out of 141: Of 614 cases in New Haven 73 resuited - fatally. Butler bhad 56 deaths and 1,270 cases. In Scranton ‘there - were - 111 deaths and - 1,115 cases; in Cleveland 472 . deaths . and 3,443 cases; and in

Philadelphia 1.063. aeaths "and 9,721 cases. In ey CHSE the death rate has been terrible, risIng, In many instances, to 'several hundred per . 100,000 population. . i : The U. S. Census Bureau report for 1908 shows 11,375 typhold deafhs in the registration area, and for 1909 there were 10,722 deaths—=an average of about 11.000 a years. The registration area ineludes only 51 per cent of the total popu-~ lation, and does not ‘include the South, where the typhoid rate is very. high. 'ln ten.southérn states the \average rate has been 79. “Twenty thousand deaths a year,” says Dr. William Guilfoy, Registrart of Vital Statistics of New York City, “would’ be a very conservative estimate of the total annual typhoid mortality.” - Certainly this is a conservative estimate, for the complete census of 1900 showed 35,3%9 typhoid deaths that year. For the sake of being cornservative, however, let us take Dr.' Guilfoy’s figures. They are large énough. ' ’ The dead, it has long been held, amount to not more than one-tenth of the total number of those; stricken. “But recent studies,” to quote Mr. George C. Whipple, “indicate only one death in 15 or 18 cases.” If we allow one d&th for every twelve cases—an estimate that Dr. Guilfoy srys is entirely within. (‘heimark-—‘we shall have the tremendous am‘mal toﬁal of abuut® 250,000 cases. Think of it—a quarter of a million people yearly stricken with typhoid!. = ' ; Recall. the largest parade. you ever saw-—say-one , with. 25,000 troops in line—and think how those serried ranks marched past hour after hour ‘until your eye grew tired of watching them. Then multiply that parade by tén, and imaginq what an enormous army 250,000 persons would make. That Is exactly the size of the army, recruited anew every:year, that this country forces to fight—typhoid fever. . : * Like any other army, this army, too, costs money. In this case, though, the cost 'is {n the, form of economic loss. Statistics compiled by/ the Connecticut Board of Hea}th show that typhoid carries .people off -in the years of their greatest earning capacity, 41 per cent -of the deaths occurring to persons hetween the ages of 20 and 40, and 60 per eent to_persons between 10 and 40. : : . The economic loss thus caused reaches a gtaggering total. The cost of the epidemic at Plymouth, it is shown by Professor Mason, amounted ‘to more than ‘5115,000, divided as follows: Loss of wages of those who recovered... $30,020 €ost of caring for the 5ick.............: ©7,000 Year's earnings. of the dead............. ‘18,419 »)) ) 4 : ' - : . , : . - ' $115539 In making this estimate, however, allowance was made for the loss of only one year’'s earnings. An examination of an insurance mortality table shows that the m#&n who dies. before he is forty dies before his time. Hence his death represents a loss’® not of one year’'s income, but of many. Five “thousand dollars is the sum at which a life is usually valued in reckoning eco: nomic loss. -The typhoid loss is based only, on the number of those who die. As -Mr. George Whipple points out, there:is an added loss occa~sfoned by non-fatal typhoid illnesses that should also be taken into account. The average period of typhoid convalescence, as figured from 500" cases in a Pennpsylvania_ hospital, is 43 days. Hence loss of wages plus cgst of medical - at‘tendance would easily¢average $lOO for every person who recovers. If ten recover for one who dies, then an extra $l,OOO must be added to the “$5,000 allowed for each death, making the total ecor;gpie loss caused by every typhoid death: $6,000. _ : o © Figured on this basis the loss to many communities amounts to millions of dollarg yearly..

“That has been arrangéd, Mr. Keene. Jones, the houge property ‘man, is going to play the part. I'll send for him.” -Jones appeéared presently. He yawned and gtretched his arms -continually, puttmg-two or three gaps in every sentence. The part consisted of two lines, but on them hung the vital situation of the play. Keene sized Jones up for his wardrobe and then asked him if he was ready to rehearse. “No,” sald Jones. I played the part with McCullough twice.” That seemeda promising and Keene was sat-

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isfied. The particular scene of the performance came and Keene, looking. into the wings, saw Jones yawning and stretching. He gave him the spéech fpg, his.entrance, but Jones did not budge: He repeated it without success and then had to fake the scene, which fell flat, Tuining-the performance. Keene came off the stage in a fury. “Why didn’t you come on when you saw me waitinig there?” “Didn’t get my cue,” sald dones. “I gave it fo you twice.” “:N(;Lt&l?e\ cue McCullough gave me.” “What tde did

Takeo Pittsburg, where, -as we have seen, the typhoid rate was 127 per 100,000 ‘population. Pittsburg is @ city with a popglati’on in excess of 350,000. Hence its annual death roll " from .typhoid must have amounted to 3% times 127, or. something like 444. At 156,000 a life, .this death roll "will ‘cost Pittsburgh $2,664,000 a year, cor $26,640,000 every decade. And the loss to the entire country, figuring the typhoid deaths at 20,000, reaches the astounding total. of $120,000,000 a year,%or $1,200,000.000 every. decade. £ y This estimate, however, is without question. too _conservative, Mr. Allen " Hazen, an eminent American engineer, says -in - his book, “Clean Water and How to Get 'lt,” that the reduction in tbe nimber of deatns In five cities, brought about through water puriflcation, amounted. to 440. Im‘proved general sanitary conditions, he says, were responsible for 137 of the 440 decrease.” - The typhdid reduction amounted to only 71. The reduction in the number of deaths from = other -causes amounted to 232—three times' the typf‘loid reduction. ° If this ratio of deaths due to water holds good generally, then our ty- . phoid deaths are only a small part ~of the de:\.th's due to bad water.

That thx'eé-quarters ot' the typhoid deaths are due to water Mr. Hazen himself declares. That three-quarters is referred to in the first paragraph ()f’thi'g article as the “fifteen thouwxand negdlessly slaughtered each year by polluted water.” DBecause, to quote Mr. Hazen, “‘threeqharters of the typhoid deaths could be prevented, and thereby could be stopped this needless loss of vital .capital -that is going on Iyear after year.” : I The way to save that three-quarters, then, is by beiqig careful, which in this case means by pmvidiilg pure ‘water. . As Mr. Hazen puts fit, “By. filjering all the water supplies of the important' cities of the country, and by instituting other necessary sanitary reforms.” - As proof of this let us see wanat has happened to the ideath rate in those localities that have f)ulﬂﬁed their water supplies. The typhoid rate of, Rensselaer for.- tén years averaged 61.9 per ]()(),4)00 population. In 1908, after the water was filtered, it fell to 30. Hudsr)n'cl,}anged from Hudson river water to a purer supply, and. the rate fell from 59.2—the ten-year average—to 17.1. ~T,’ou'_sxhkeepsiefs rate used to average 112. In 1907 the filtration plant was improved, and the rate fell to 34.5. In Albany the ten-year average before filtration was 88.8. Since filtration the ten-year average has been 22.2.. ) In Pennsylvania, Pittsburg hadVa {yphoid rate, according to Health Director E. R. Walters, that from 1901 to 1907 averaged 127. In 1907 the . city spent $6500,000 for a fllter sys.tem. During the three years since, the typhoid rate has been .31.9—a decrease of more than 75 fer cent. 4 : v Chicago affords an even more striking example of the benefit of purifying the water supply. In 1891 Chicago’s typhoid rate was 173.8 per 100,000, the highest average typhoid rate in the civilized world. Chicago purified its water by building its wonderful drainage canal to keep its’ sewage out of Lake‘Michigan. In 1908 Chicago’s typhoid rate was 15.6—a reduction of 91 per cent. ' o . Excellent as -these achievements are, there.is a possib'i)'lty of an even greater reduction in the typhoid rate. D : : " The methods of water purification are various. Undoubtedly ‘filtration comes first; but filtration is not infallible. Another method of purificarton is the use of huge storage reservoirs. - Water is a poor medium for disease germs, and in it they die quickly®_ To quote Mr. Whipple again: “The typhoid bacillus does not multiply in ordinary drinking water. On the contrary the cells die. v . . Ultimately all the cells die. The rate varies greatly. In some experiments all died in 3to 5 days. In others germs lived a month. In very cold water mortality 1s more rapid.” rlence if water can be impouynded in large reservoirs and held for a time, it)xtlends to purify iteslf. ' _ : ' Sewage disposal is fully as important as watMation——~that is, for any purpose except the saving of human life. If property is at ‘'stake it is indispensable. s oo The problem of ‘clean water is evidently not a difficult .one to solve. No nation, has a finer supply of water than we have. . At the least you can guard the water that comes into your house. See that you get fresh water from the mains, and not water that has stood for hours\ in the lead or brass pipes within the house. House filters are plentiful, but few of them are efficient. They are ‘merely strainers. Don’t put ice in your water. It may contaminate it. Your great safeguard is is boiling your water. _P,érticularly is this hecessary In the late winter, when' typhotd epidemics so often break out. ' )

he give you?" “Come on, you Idaho sausage.” s . _ It Seemed So. - Geraldine—What is your business? Gerald—l am a gentleman. o Geraldine—Are you on a leave of absence just now? : o Experienced Advice. A “I guess I can cook up a story to ex~ plain my doings to my wife.” : ©“lf you do, it will result in a family stew.”

NOTES 7o MEADOWBROOK OBy Mplliam Gt " Q N A

Mange has many causes. - ; For market groiv the field beans. Milk quietly, quickly, ecleanly and thofoug_hly. . . . Take no chances with an odd boar: always keep behind him. \ —— . . A hen has the ability to reproduce herselt over many times in a year. ! . — Of all chick troubles bowel complaints are the hardest to cope with. Cattle, horses, hogs and sheep grow nights and Sundays, every day in the year. - ¢ Don’t feed the little. chicks < more than they will eat up clean in five minutes, ‘ i . Stable manure contains much vegetable matter and this adds humus to the soil. ) Tramsworths are good rustlers, very prolific, and the meat is of -the highest quality. - : ' "Brush the udder and surrounding parts -just before m.ilking,' and wipe them with a clean damp .cloth. Most varieties of pears should be picked when mature, but not ripe, and ripened in a cool, dark place. A woman who makes a success of poultry raising has the laugh on the ‘man who makes a fallure of farming. . There is no other part of the farm from which so ‘much is expected or which {s more neglected than the pasture. ) .

Duck eggs do not hatch as well if they need to be washed. Therefore keep the duck pen bedded with clean litter. : 5 -

Too heavygfeeding clogs the appetite and too slight feeding makes the pig investigate the: weak points in the fence. .

The poultry raiser i§ now fmding‘i out that the early hatched chicks are more- vigorous and profitable than the laté. hatches. |

We cannot market our corn stalks and hay in différent cities, but we can supply the world with meat and stock products. : .

Harsh treatment of a broody hen may cure her of a desire to sit, but it. may algo kill the hen. Gentle measures are better. - i

No goat should' be called ‘a milch goat that does not give an average o;I at least one quart of milk per day I’o% four months after kidding. !

The poultry raiser who is toolazy. to keep his poultry house absolutely free from vermin does not' deservée success nor will he have it. '

~ Farmers are beginning to find ou‘t{ that chickens pay better on an average than farming, as the chicks wm} grow whether it rains or shines. °

It 18 not always possible to regulate the price for which milk or but-ter-fat will sell, but #t is .possible to control the cost fo a*certain extent.

Medium-sized hogs are now most in favor. It is best to feed hogs for only eight or ten months. After sthey are a year old the feeding is not profitable, ] o

° When the horses rub their ‘tails it is sometimes a sign of worms. To effect a remedy feed equal parts of salt and wood ashes every day for a week. )

Promptly remove any animal not in good health, and reject her milk. Never add an animal .to your herd that lis not perfectly vigorous and healthy. ’ :

When butter is gathered in the cream in - granular form it is never overworked: Working out buttermilk and working in salt is where the overworking is done. »

Kaflir corn is becoming very popular as a poultry feed. In feeding value it is similar to corn. Consequently it should not be used as a single feed except for fattening.

The' danger in feeding turkeys is that too much food.will be given and eaten. The secret of success in raising poults, as to feed, is to keep them always somewhat hungry.

- Sleect the cockerels as'soon as possible, then select the strongest of these, as the cockerel is half the hen, in vigor, anyway. The molting bird will’ show “its weakness then.

Take a day, or two if necessary, to ' walk the fences -with hatchet and .pgcket full of nails. "When the grass, comes the animals become restless and will quickly find the weak spots.

Do not close a can containing warm milk -which has not been aerated. Aerate and cool the milk -as soon as strained.” If the cover is left off of the can a piece of cheese cloth Q mosquito netting should be spread over it to exclude insects. Always keep the can in.a clean place where there is pure air, as milk readily absorbs bad odors. - o

Drown the rats and mics. . Silage is conventent for feeding. The silo helps dispose of the hired man problemn. . , Keep the stables clean, well ventilatd, lighted and draihed. . . A warm, dry nest is the hbest place you can provide tor the brood . sow, © Milk fever ‘is invariably confined to the improved -and high producing COWSs. - » ) . The silage Xmat is ‘left in the silo will' come handy before the summer is over. ° - S

Do not permit .your chicks to go into the cold, wet grass in the early mornings. - ) ) | By judicidis planting a fine supply ¢! onions m"uy be secured throughout the season. : ) Included in the long list of feeds available for the tarfa stock, grass has no equal. - S Rub off the water spouts of-a tree as soon as they appear. You can .do it wit your fingers, ) A $lO roos'rgr {5 generally cheaper than as 2 one’+ The good Llood will tell the second year. S ) "Pigs that are apt to- have “differences of opinion” shonid be separated. Fighting takes off flesh. LG Oyster shell Is absolutely the best shell-making food for the hens. Keep it before them constantly. - ‘Don’t plant any flowers in stralght rows except - hollyhocks or sunflowers, or plants for borders. For family eating plant the white prole cherry beans among the sweet corn, at- first or second hoeing. ' If you think of setting out an orchard and have had no experience better hire ajman to show you how. “Roosts ‘or perches should not be more than two feet above the ground and one should not be higher-than another.. . : v '"L\Zewly broken colts should not be worked too hard. They are apt‘to overstrain themselves and be injured for life. A balky horse i{s made so_by a cranky. or cruel driver, and can rarely be cured. So be very careful in breaking the colts. - :

Many farmers who keep cows lose a large share of the profit because the milk is not [ﬂ)x"oduced and handled In the best way. o Live stock husbandry gives us yeararound enmlo,}'nwm, converting idle time during the winter. season into profitable labor. - ) . ) ~Watch for cabbage bugs and cabbage worms. These insects usually cause trouble when the weather gets dry and food is scarce. , Whether the season is ‘wet or dry, or the land rich er poor, thorough cultivation is the chief “secret” in* having a suc_‘cessfﬁl garden. The brecod sow that is kepf upon pasture with a little supplementary protein food stands ‘the' best chance of making, the biggest prafit.‘The onion is akin to thé turnip and cabhbage; you must see that the roorts are well in the ground, but né¢ed not be so particular about the bulb. . The good dairy cow has a capacity for a tremendous amount of feed and this feed must be furnished hep if she is going®o yield the best returns. The really successful farmer is the man who solves the problem of labor. It is well nigh impossible to get help at omce .competeny a»d intelllzent. o i ‘

" Chicks that are sheltered from the weather and given plenty of good water will find muh of their feed, and prove the most profitable crop on the farm. . . )

In selecting a ram always pick out one that stands square on hfs legs, shows courage and masculinity.‘_ A slow, poky animal will -prove a disappointment. ‘ o .Remove the milk at once from the stable to a clean, dry place, where the air is pure and sweet, ‘Do not allow cans to remain in stables while they are.being filled. A New Zealand dairy repdrt says that an acre of pasture on the island of New Zealand returns all the way from $l5 to $45 per acre when sold in the form of butter fat. : Eferything should be kept as clean on the- little chicks’ feedingxﬂoors as it ip is on the floor of the kitchen. It this is domne the little birds will never have gapes or many of ‘the chicken diseases. S B

In order to have a good road it is just as néqgssm‘y that water. should not be allowed to attack the substrueture from- below as that it should not be permitted to percolate through it from abo#e. )

Young turkeys in the fall should be allowed to forage daily.. They thus thrive better, are more vigorous and when fattened quickly are much more tender and of finer flavor than if confined to a small area. .

The importance of a .proper place to keep milk this -warm weather .is imperative. It should be free,from odor. There is no arficle of food that should be handled with such great care. There are but few who would be willing to ;keep. bread and other foaod in places that are provided for milk, yvet we ‘know of no article of food .that is so saslly centaminated.

T . v i . - By Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound Peoria, IIL.—“T wish to let every ona sknow what Lydia k. Pinkham’s remeT e dies have done for G R e, Tor two years & s 11 sulfered. The doe- - 1 tors said I h:zd,t:aL s Bl i mors, and the on! i \.& §; _:;‘,zr(‘-r:‘;w-"xy was the sz'nz L #7 geon’s kuife. .My N 25w mother bought. me % ::5., Lydia E. Pinkham's i T | . .Vegetable ComAL e/ A & pound, &nd today I e AN lam a bhealthy woA H ’ﬂ t“ \é{g man. For months SRy 2 MW T suffered from inflammation,and yours~anafive Wash relHeved me. Your Liver- Pills have no equal as a cathartic. Any one 'wishing proof of what your medicines have done for me can get it from any druggist or by writing to me. You ean use my testimonial in any way you wish, and I will be glad to answer letters.”’— Mrs. CHRISTINA REED. 105 Mound St., Peoria, lil. Another Operation Avoided. ~ New Orleans, La.—*For years I suffered from severe female troubles. Tinally I was confined to ndy bed and the doctor said an operation wasneces- - sary. J gave Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound a trial first, and . was saved from an operation.”—Ars. ILY PEYROUX, 1111 Kerlerec St., New Orleans, La. i The great volume of n®olicited testimony constantly pouring in proves | conclusively that Lydia E. Pinkham's | Vegetable Compound is a remarkable " remedy for those distressing feminina | ills from which-so many women suffer,

" TOO HARD WORK. ) i ML . | i ),(5 ; AN L , oM 0 e N g TR WY } ‘fi\"l_l- ——— g" N e ‘. * T"\ b\ e = . - . \F‘ l"\‘:— - “You are charged with having four wives living.” ~ “Well, I don't-know whether they are all’ living or nort, judge; I ‘can’t keep track of them all.” ' Resting Must Be a Business. Will M. Reoss, a well-known writer of Stevens Point, Wis, who_is himself a cured consumptive, holds that .unless regting becomes a husiness to the tuberculosis patient, he might as well give up his fight for health. . “The period of infection with tuberculosis,” he savs, “is not .a vacation. It is a twenty-four-hour-a-day job. ,True it is a period of ddleness, but one of intel #eent, directed idieness. The day'a work should consist of rest; rest should be the only business on hand. The light exercise, or heour of reading, should -be considered as the reward of a good dav's work, !ikgl the evening of slippered ease to the tired business men at the end of the day. This recreatien, however, should be considered only as an incidental result of the patient’'s work, - not T.h‘e :],‘“n:(‘mwt' g - . 2 1 " » . . " His Thoughtful Wife. .o “I hate to boast.,” said a Cleveland lawyer. “but my witie is one of the most economical women in the world. The other-day ‘She/txfrd me she needed a newsuit. 1 said she eught to have it, by all means, but asked her not to spend a big bunch of wmoney without letting me know abeut it. Well, the next day she said: ‘The tailor said he couldn’t make the suit for less than $l5O. 1 thought it was too much but told him to gb ahead” - . ““Well. I suppose it is all right,’ I gaid, ‘but why didn't you consult me first? - . : . ““Why, dearie, T didn't want -to spend car fare for two visits. . ) T tell youy it's .these little economies that vount, eh?” o .

LUCKY MISTAKE. . Grocer Sent 'Pkg. of Postum and Opened the Eyes ¢f the Family. A lady writes from Brookline, Mass.: “A package of Postum was sent me one day by miStake. “I notified the grocer, but finding that there was no coffee for breakfast next inomiﬁg I prepared some of the Postum, following the directions very cargfully. . “It was an immediate success in my family, and from that day we have used it constantly, parents and children, too—for my three rosy youngsters are allowed to drink it freely at breakfast and luncheon. They think it delicious, and 1 would have @/ mutiny on my hands should I omitf.the/ beloved beverage. .= “My husband used to have a very delicate syomach while-we were using coffee, but to our surprise his stom. ach has grown strong and entirely well. since we quit coffee and have been on Postum. ‘ “Noting the good effects in my fam--Ily. I wrote to my sister, who was a coffee toper, and after much persuasion got-her fo try Postam. - i “She was prejudiced against it at first, but when she presently found that all the ailments that coffee gave her left .and she got well guickly she became and remains a thorough and enthusiastic Postum convert, S “Her nerves, which had become shattered by the use of cdffee have grown healthy again and today she is a new woman, thanks to Postum.” Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich., and the “cause why” will be found in the great little book, “The Road to Wellville,” which- ecmes in pkgs. - o ' Ever read the above letter? A new one appears from time to time. They are genuine, true, and full of humamn ‘interest,~ ! .