Ligonier Banner., Volume 45, Number 31, Ligonier, Noble County, 3 November 1910 — Page 2

Wy We Siuld Ferdilize The Yoil

o o AN'S best friend is his l"ﬁ . mother—the earth. 'Al.l MJW'; &) ©he asks s the oppor- ’ tunity and she will ! S\l vield him the wealth of _ ?\,\ A& an account that has A‘l:fs{&;{'m{zi}}n \', been growing for ages. A\l oA fﬂ And he has treated her \‘gf}ijf'}f:“ as he usually treats his @,wy\) best friends. ‘He has ,v/':;;,’?ff 3% taken all she had to /(;(_ff/ A _ give, bought an auto- (‘;’ \\’@ mobile and a house -in ; town and then hid his address fmm'his’relat,ivos of the soil for fear they wßuld bring their earthy smell into his new residence. _ 3 With quiet indifference old Mother Earth endures this ingratitude, but the time comes when she has nothing for ‘his greed. What happens then? Look to’lndia for one answer. Ten millien of our own Aryan blood starve there in a single famine vear—starve upon a soil that once was, and still could be, almost inconceivably fertile. Russia offers another reply, where ‘with stemachs empty men enter a world that never fills them. Yet another ‘answer, centuries old, may be found in the Tieris-Euphrates valley, which, once marvelously fertile, now scorches uselessly in the tropic sun The necessity of.man-forged a weapon 'that brought him plenty: but the greed of man forged a weapon that bronght him penury. Fer do you think there can be -prosperity when the earth no longer yields? Do not forget that the shame of . Rome was coincident with the time when one bushel of seed retarned but four in the harvest. When the soil exploited, that is when it is so farmed that the essential elements are taken out in c¢rops and nothing returned to build it up, the result

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{s exactly the same as when men are exploited -in *workshops and nothing returned to build up their bodies. You cannot ‘haul phosphorus and nitrogen in oats and wheat and corn from your farms year after year and maintain the_ fertility 'of the soil, if you give back no phospheru§ and nitrogen in return. Twelve thousand abandoned farms in the state of New York alone testify to this. After sixty years of cultivation the lands of the corn belt are beginning to hint at the same thing. ; « We all feel the results: and it is

not the man with the hayseeq in his hair who feels it first but the man with the pen behind bfs ear. Month by month the price of each separate commodity puts a little large puncture in his salary, until by the end of the year his savings, which began hopefully, as an unknown quantity, have ended as “X —=neothing.” He it is who knows the cold dread of middle age; for unless the land can be induced to vield abundantly prices will not settle down to the point where the man on a moderate salary can live free from fea:. Farmer and clerk alike, we are. all vitally concerned In this problem of maintaining and increasing the fertility of the soil that is fertile, and of restoring soils that have been cruelly exploited.

¢ TFortunately. they can be restored. Intelligence is more potent than avarice and can undo the evil it has wrought.. Even those soils that have been exploited to the point of apparent ruin can be nursed back to. health. Dr. Cyril Hopkins, head of the agronomy department of the University of Illinois, a soil speclalist of national reputation and the author of numerous pamphlets and a book entitled “Soil Fertility and Permanent Agriculture,” is one of the most enthusiastic workers along this line. He is a man of hard facts and -loves pretty theories even as the devil loves holy water. Every fact that he gives out must prove itself over and over again in tests upon hig own farms, or those belonging to the university: or upon one of the various experimental plots. There are about thirty of these plots scattéred through the state of Illinois, where fhe solis are carefully examined and then cropped according to their needs. I could tell you tales of what Mother Earth has done in the way of corn, wheat, oats, or clover when she has receilved proper treatment that would set you to building castles in the air upon an earthy foundation. The corn yield upon one of the university farms in 1909 was 87 bushels to the acre, due to treatments with limestone and phoéphoroul. But before we go farther

On Hell-Fer-Sartan Creek

1 had been to Hellfer-Sartain, and [ had heard preaching there. .1 went back now.the way I had come I should save six long weary miles. I was tired, as was Old Faithful, but I had not been ‘to the mouth of Hell-fer-Sartain and I had not seen the church there, and while my curlosity was sat\sfled, my conscience wasn't, and so from sheer stubbornness I saddled Old Taithnl and rode on down Hellfer-

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let us consider a few fundamentals of crop growing. First, there are six positive, absolutely essential factors. They are: (1) the seed, (2) the plant home, (3) the food of which the plant is made, (4) moisture, (5) heat, (6) light. Now, except in the case of the seed and plant food these factors are largely beyond the farmer’'s control. Dame Nature can, however, be trusted to attend to them satisfactorily. How, then, has the farmer made use of his ability to control the two factors? By exercising judgment and care in the selection of seed and by ignoring the matter of plant food entirely. The result? When the land was worn out and had no plant food to give the good seed the agriculturist arose irately in farmers’ institute and told what he thought of the seed seller. The trouble all the time was not with the seed but with the soil, which had had the elements of plant food removed in previous c¢rops, and as a consequence could not respond to the call of the seed.

What are these elements? There are ten in the list, but eight are provided abundantly. Three—oxygen, hydrogen and carbon—come directly from the air and water. Most normal soils contain enough potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium and sulphur, although sometimes the first must be supplied. The problem of plant food, therefore, narrows itseif, in most cases, to maintalning and increasing the phosphorus and nitrogen. ; Now nitrogen is as easy to catch as the measles if one knows how. The air contains it in Inconceivable amounts. Dr. Hopkins has estimated that the air above an acre of ground contains ‘about $10,000,000 worth, if sold over the counter at ordinary commercial rates. In order to induce this nitrogen to enter the earth, where it may reappear as food for man, all that is necessary is to plant clover, alfalfa, peas or any legume. By means of the bacteria upon the roots these legumes draw the nitrogen into the soil. How necessary the element

Sartian through an avenue of cucume ber trees. Never had I seen so many cucumber trees in my life as were on that one rocky road, and had they only been starred with their great creamy blossoms they would have been compensation for the whole toilsome trip. Disappointment awaited me at the mouth of the creek. The church there was closed, and above its doors was not the picturesque title

of nitrogen is may be seen from the fact that a 100-bushel crop of corn takes from the soil almost 100 pounds of nitrogen in the corn and about 48 pounds in the stalks. Rich, well-bal-anced land in the corn belt contains about 8,000 pounds of nitrogen. Therefore, if the process of subtraction of nitrogen goes on vear after year with never an addition, it can be seen clearly that the farmer’s finances cannot multiply. . Rotation plans for grain farmers always should include a crop of legumes. Wheat, corn, oats ‘and clover is a satisfactory rotation; also wheat, corn and cow peas; also cotton, corn and oats and cow peas. The first of these rotations should include a catch erop of clover seeded the first year and plowed under for corn as late as practicable the second year. The other two should include catch crops of legumes whenever possible. Legumes when plowed under perform valuable services besides supplying the soil with nitrogen—as they decay they supply organic matter to the soil which helps other elements of plant food to free themselves from the earth and into the farmer’s bank account.

Now that the question of nitrogen has been outlined, suppose we turn to the problem of phosphorus, the only element of plant food we ever shall have to buy. As to the importance of the use of phosphorus upon the common soils of the United States, Dr. Hopkins has this to say:

“Phosphorus is the key to permanaent agriculture on these lands. To maintain or increase the amount of phosphorus in the soil makes possible the growth of c¢lover or other legumes and the consequent addition of nitrogen from the inexhaustible supply in the air; and with the addition of decaying organic matter in the residues of clover and other crops and in manure, made in large part from clover, hay and pasture, and from the larger crops of corn and other. grains which clover helps to produce comes the possibility of liberating from the immense supplies in the soil sufficient

of the stream, but some fernlike name 1 that was easily traceable to some shocked feminine taste from the outer world. Half a mile on I got a dinner of cold beans and cold cornbread, and Joined by a 20-year-old school teacher on a big black mule, turned my face toward Jackson. This young school teacher was making money in his native mountains in order to study law outside; he had gone to schoel in the Bluegrass and he knew my books. Just then he was electioneering for his brother, who was running for a

'county office and he shouted his slogan to some native playing baseball up the creek, to the porches of .the houses as we passed, and when we met a voter in the road he stopped, while I rode discreetly on, and he never falled to overtake me with a wink of success. I'd like to wager that the brother won. Hellfer-Sartain Creek had once deserved its name, he said, for there had been a “heap of devilment” done up there. There had been several fights in the schoolhouse where where I had heard preaching,

potassium, magnesium and other essential abundant elements supplemented by thé amounts returned in manure and crop residues for the production of large crops’ at least for thousands of years; whereas if the supply -of phosphorus in the soil is steadily decreased in the future in accordance with the past and present most common farm practise, then poverty is the only future for the peopie who till the common agricuitural lands of the United States.” . Phosphorus may bz applied in liberal amounts—as much as 1,000 pounds to the acre every three or four years—and . it costs about $7 a ton. After the problem of returning the elements to the soil has been solved the farmer may find another condition of the soil which must be corrected before "his farm will produce as it should. This is the tendency of certain soils to acidity. Clover, alfalfa and other valuable legumes cannot thrive upon soil that is sour. Sometimes on acid soils when applications of farm manure are made, the legumes will seem to grow well, but examination reveals the fact that the nitrogen gathering bacteria fail to develop properly. Hence the most valuable contribution the legumes have to make to the soil is largely lost. Upon cer-

tain fields belonging to one of the most famous agricultural stations in the world, that of Rothamstead, England, applications of natural limestone were made a century ago. They are still; moderately productive, although ‘other fields near by, which have never received the z}pplicaxion, are extremely unproductive. . : Care should be taken that limestone is used for the one and only purpose of correcting soil acidity. " And - while we are upon this subject of soil stimulation, have you ever thought that most of our improvements. have ithat in view and

that only? Improved seed, improved machinery, irrigation, even crop rotation, all are means for extracting from the soil the richness that is in it, not for returning any of the food elements of grain building. All of these methods of soil stimulation 'are excellent in their way, if used in connection with methods of returning the elements of plant food; but i used without them they are means of hastening the impoverishment of the soil.

To return to the question of limestone, one ton to the acre finely ground will correct the acid condition of most soils. It is, however, in the end cheaper and easiér to apply more and to apply it less often. As much as ten tohs to the acre was applied to the soil of one of the experiment flelds in southern Illinois and the crop yields there have been greater than upon any other flelds in that district. : A question that has been givén much attention lately is the question of crop rotation. TUndoubtedly it is absolutely essential for successful grain farming , but it is not the universal panacea some would have us believe. For instance, a group of theorists have declared that fertilization is unnecessary, that crop rotation will keep the soils in perfect condition. The idea is that plants do not injure the soil because they use its plant food elements but because they throw off poisonous excreta as animals do. Therefore a so-called worn-out soll simply has become saturated with this excreta. Plant a crop which wil neutralize the poison of the last crop and the soilsoil will be sweetened and the breasts of Mother Earth kept dripping with plenty forever. This is very attractive—as a theory. It has, however, no foundation in fact. As Dr. Hopkins has sald, the rotation of crops has just the same effect upon wealth in the sooil 2s the rotation of the check book among the members of the family has upon the wealth in the bank. Plant food elements cannot be used up and not returmed without resulting in impoverishment of the soil. :

but everything had quieted down there, as it was quleting down all through the mountains, except over toward Jackson. Yes, the good old times were gbne!—John Fox, Jr. in Scribner. - ' i < - First and Foremost. “My wife has a great dez! to say to me about her first husband.” “Nonsense; you're wife was never married before.” “I know it. That's what makes her reflections so painful.—Puck. .

The @ | AMeriCauLs 4 | ) o NS SRR | | 9 /f&ﬁ}\, k2B Om R, ol T : . g = T WILLIAM A, =0 ﬁ“??;’.é‘%}‘-f:f -[ e RADFORD _— &7 75" ¢

Mr. Willjam A. Radford will answer questions and give advice I'REE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building. for the redders of this paper. On account of his wide expetience as Editor] Author and -Manufucturer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all inauiries to Willlam A. Radford, No 194 Fifth Ave., Chicago, 111., «nd anly enclgse two-cent stamp for reply - With the approach of cold weather there is one feature of home building that comes into new prominence. We hear the gusetion asked, “How is the house heated?’ ‘or, more often, “Is this a warm house?' These are important questions; not more important now, it is true, than in the hot summer weather, for even then the wise home builder looks forward to the wintry days and provides agzainst them by proper construction: but now’ that cold weather is upon us the question of adequate heating seems to be more present and absorbing. With modern heating equipment there is probably no formn of dwelling that cannot be adequately heated. Some, however, are very difficult to heat and require a much larger heatfng plant and mueh more coal than they should. This is due sometimes to faulty comstruction, sometimes to unwise design. . -In the first place everyv home builder should know that there is no monev ¢ well spent as that put ‘into insulating felts and high grade sheathing pavers; which, combined with ‘thorough construction in other ways, wiil go very far toward making a residencs frost proof. A house so made can be Kkept thoroughly warm with from one:third to one-half the amount of coal required to heat the same structure if not properly insulated and put together, Insulating paper does not cost very much and it should be used f{reely. The entire exterior walls should be covered between the rough sheathing and the clapboards and care should be

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taken to see that the paper is fitted snugly around all openings, both doors and windows. The wcerkmen :{i;e sometimes careless in this regard and it is well to keep pretty close wateh of what they are doing when it comes to this part of the work. “Good oil pa_per should also be used inithe flooring between the rough and finished floors. This serves a double purpose, as it not only makes the house warmer, but shuts out all furnace dust from the cellar, or dampness if there should bgs\q';g_\'. The building paper used be- = : ,PORC ?;::‘ | ZKiTeHEN X 1 Jsoxior /DiniNG R || a lIZeXio" M g = = " A T | Dem gL borcH | 19:0°%3°0" HALL 3 ) lexto ¥ Living Room | RIOXID0" ] "E = : = ‘v‘ PorcH i 19:0"X7°0" a 8 & _ = ! First Floor Plan. tween the floors should be turned up six inches behind all the base boards. Another trivial expense while building that proves a very great economy in the long run i# to have the basement latheg and jlastered. Twentyfive or thirty dolkurs will do this on the averagé job, 7vhile the satisfaction dand comfort resaltihg will be worth many times tbat amount in after years. ) Also great care should be taken that what are calied the rough sheathing boards for the exterior walls should be good matched lumber. Shiplap is very wood fc# this and costs very little more than the ordinary unmatched boarding. Very often large knotholes in such boarding are allowed to go "innoticed; but this is a grave mistaks. Much cold can find its way in through even ome large knothole. They should all be hunted out, and carefully plugged before the sheathing paper is nailed on. ~ And in addition to thorough construction much can be accomplished in the way of easy heating by having the house properly designed. A long, rambling structure is much more difficult to heat than a square, compact house. The accompanying design is a good example of a residence that is very easily heated. With either a

warm-air furnace, ‘steam or hot-wadter svstems very good results can he had with this housé. Being rectanzular in outline, there are no exposed portions. The soilid porch at the- front will be found a great protecticn, as it will blanket to a ceortain exvtont the bread exposed side of the liviig room. In other wayvs, teo, the arrangement of this house {8 desirable. 1t 18 well suited for a narrow building sita, its width being but 22 fect ¢ inthes, Even !"'HHE?H‘_.Z the side entrance ‘l‘."-?.‘l. ft doesn’t require more than 25 foet, The side entrance’ s very popular at - IR : { 1 - Toxio | Beoßm)t | o W 10°EXI10 e Wf?"v‘. '\" ry i / i Yoo L) CL } &= e I HVALL ja N % i ~. ~ P TN N | Bepßmpßeo Rmp | ; LOOXIZOR OXID 0 i L .A;' /// ) T,.M,.._. 4 ) | / L , } 4 Ve N LSS - —— . : Second Floor Pilan. v the present time and this 15 a good example of the "possibilitles” of this Kind of arrangement. The-'iving room exteuds clear across:the front of the house, the reception room an: stair hall occupy the middle of- the side and at the rear are the liningroom

and kitchen. There iz a small den directly back of the stair hall, which will be useful for many {1"1'[";)(?;:“5. On the second floor are three goodsized bedrooms, each. with a clothes closet opening off from {t. The bath,room is also on:this floor and finds ‘iteelf directly above the kitchen. This brings all the plumbing together and makes quite a saving in this factor of the expense. It 'is in matiers of this kind that the experienced house designer can save a good deal of money for his clients. - Too often not enough thought is given: matters of this kind; but there is no doubt but that substantial savings may be accomplished in the construction of any house by having it properly designed. -In exterior appearance. the house fllustrated herewith is very satisfactory. It is dignified, neat and substantial. It has the home atmosphere. A house of this kind has the advantage of being very easily kept up so that it always presents a neat and well-cared-for appearance. - The cost of this seven-room, story and a half house is estimated at $3,000. Restoring Garden of Eden. Though theologians and geologists may disagree as to the-exact location of the garden of Eden, the -average historian recognizes that Mesopotamia, .between the River Euphrates and the River Tigris was once a garden spot. I{ is quite probable that the anclent Babylonians, and Persians, and Chaldeans. and even their ancestors; utilized the principles of irrigation to, make their country blossom like the rcse. But it is certain that Mesopotamia, for a number of cénturies, "has been a barren, desertlike land. - Afi Englishman is now engaged in the task of carrying the gospel of*irrigation into Mesopotamia under the auspices of the Turkish government, which provided $750,000 for the preliminary work in the 1910 budget. Sir William Willcocks is the man. In 1908 he was asked by the Turkish government to make a report on the subject of irrigating MesSopotamia, and then engaged for five years as adviser and instructor to earry out the necessary surveys, ete. Sir William réported that 3,200,000 acres of deser? land could be turned into garden Dy the expenditure of $37,500,000 on twelve projects. In his investigations Sir William has discovered certain depressions in the country which he believes to be the site of ancient irrigationsystems and that can be utilized in the modern work. He expects to be able to complete the work to irrigate more than 3,000.000 acres in three years. Lightening One’s Load. If your load is heavy don’t waste energy in whining about it! Expend your strength I carrying it! - Lift it to your shoulders, and, though it hurts, carry it with a smile on your face to the end of the way.

{ “SPOHN’'S.” = { 'This is the name of the greatest of all { remedies for Distemper, Pink Fure. Heaves, | and the like among all ages of horses. Sold { by Druggists;” Harness Makers, or send to j the manufacturers. $.50 and £1.09 a bottle. | Agent€ wanted. Send for free book. Spohn | Medieal Co.,- Spec. Contagious Diseasesy i Goshen, Ind. i No Hurry. { “What are you in such a rush about ?” i “Promised to meet my wife at three { o'clock down at the corner.” “Well, there’s no hurry. It isn’t four o'clock yet.” g TRY MURINE EYE REMEDY for Red: Weak, Weary., Watery Eyes | and Granulated Eyelids. Murine Doesn't Smart—Soothes Eve Pain. Druggists Sell Murine Eve Remedy. Liquid, 25¢, abe, $l.OO Murine Ere Salve {n Aseptic Tubes. 2ic. $l.OO. Eve Books and Eye Advice Free by Mail Murine liye Remedy Co., Chicago. ) An Exacting Personage: I suppose you find ife easier ince the © summer boarders have ““Nope” replied Farmer Corntossel. CWerr GrEin™ an' worr 1 st as much as ever tryin' to keep the hired man contented.” . . tmportant to Nlothers Fxamine cail Uiy every ttie of JASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for infants and children, and see that it " RBears the Qf T Stgnature of ot . [n Use For Over 80 #-ears The Kind You Have Always Bought. The Family Growler. “Why ar 1 weeping, littie bov ™ I bro} le piteher.” there's no use . erving over vwan! - Dis wuz beer.”—louisville Courier-Journal DR. MARTEL'S FEMALE PILLS. Seventeen Years the Standard. Prescribed - and “recommended for Women’s Ailments. A scientifically prepared remedy of proven worth. The result from their use is quick and per manent. IFor sale at all Drug Stores. : Queen's High. “Does Pljggins ever bluff when he plays cards?” “Never until he gets home and explains where he has been.” Pettit's Eye Salve Restores. No matter how badly the eves may be diseaed or injured. Al drugs <~ OF i'l\:‘.w ard Bror, Buffalo, N. Y. Peware of taking kindness from others as matters of courss Gladstone ( netivat n uses and Izaravales fnany FOPTous tlive <. It t red by D Pierce’s cant Pellets e favorAnyihing left to be dene at vour leisure seldom gets done.—S. Martin. [ewis’ Single Binder, the. famous straight Sc cigar—annual sale ¢500,000. . When the patient man is once aroused he makes up for lost time. S ———————————————————— REAL ESTATE. '!‘ll(ll SANDS of opportunities in Florida Farms, Groves, Residences, 8. S, Sandford Realty Co., Jasper, Florida. ] NDIAN LANDS FORSALE3%choIce farms in N, E. Oklaboma. Low pricesuand ¢ sy terms, MWrite for map and price list. Levitt Lund Company, Vinita. Uklahomwa, Agents wanted. ’\'().\li\'-.\1.-\l(l‘fl”.ﬁ-——(}rnpmi Ktore Maorchano dise and Building, chance f a ftima Choice wheat farms, raw and improved land. Howard Gamble, Steridan Lake, Colorada, . (‘,\.\' ADIAN FARMS FOR SALY--Forlistof fiwproved and unimproved farms forsalnin excellent wheat growing distrietin Saskatehewan write Armouar & Campbels, Nokomis, Saska chewan. ( TANADIAN LANDS —Farmers. hundreds wanled tu cultivate rich landsadioiming progressive Meiviiie. 50,000 acres rich new land trom eight to twenty dollars aere. The John Rowan Company, M . Raskaichewan, Canada. ’lsx‘:ii SALE—Orange Grove with Colonia!l ManSsiof. on beautiful lake. Last seasons crop §15.000: price §13,000 cash, $13.000 in one year and $13.000 in two years. @ther bargains in city. farw and timber. References on request. Can lend your money at s per centon first mortgage. C. W Cariton, General Real Estate Business, Tampa. Flgrida. 40() ACRE FARM BARGAIN4O acres in 7 culuvation, 360 acres in heavy timber worth more than price asked for place. All can be cuitivated when timber is removed. 15 room house, good barns and buildings. Plenty of water, 11-4 miles from railroad in Iron County, Missouri. A rare bargain. Price $5.500: $2.500 cash. balance lm;E time. O.J.Kunz, 3444 ltaska St.. St Louis, Missou ———————————————————————————— Make the Li Do its Duty Nine times in ten when the liver is right the stomach and bowels are right, CARTER’S LITTLE 0 LIVER PILLS (&4 ‘. gently but firmly com. SPP RN B a " AP CARTERS 1 VI do its duty. (4 TTLE Cures Con- @7B | stipation, g s IVER Indiges- 473 PILLS. -tion, \ . Sick ) Headache, and Distress after Eating. Small Pill, Small Dose, Small Price . 2 3 Genuine mutber Signature s PARKER'S S RK PR s o HAIR BALSAM T Cleanses and beautifies the hale, § S Promotes & luxuriant growth. SR Never Fails to Restore Gray RGP Hair to its Youthful Color. \\\-‘\[\’Jl’? Caures scalp diseases & hair falling, PSR 00, pua $1:00 at_Drogris

| OLD SORES CURED

R P S P R YR =o T . o Allen's UlcerineSaivecuresChronicUlcers. Bone Ulecers,Scrofulous Ulcers. Varicose Ulcers,lndolent Ulcers. Mercurial Ulcers, White Swelling . Milk Leg.FeverSores, sliold sores. Positivelyne failure. By mailso¢c. J.P.ALLEN,Dept.AI St.PaulMinn. Waists, Gents’ Suits, Carpets. Portieres. Plumes, ete. Bend to Debmlow’s, 38(2-8 N. Halsted St.. Chicago. the largest Cleaning and Dyeing Establishment in West and you will get thera back cleaned or dyed and pressed satisfactory. Write for prices. 25 ASSORTED HANDSOME PICTURE POSTAL CARDS sent Yostpmd on receipt of ten cents. Man{ other articies 9qna.]¥ cheap. Write for bargain ist. Manhattan Trading Company, 96 Chambers St., New York City ss c‘sn and 5 PER MONTH pays for 4 acres Central British Columbia near railroad, where farm lands are cheap, soil lertile, climate superb. Post gourselt. Information free. SECHACO VALLEY LAND SYNDICATE, Yancouver, B. G eRE T S e e e R < makes butter 3 minutes. Abros Jute guarantee. 1 tolUgal. cap. ; S Omly OD® free lnionr wwmlﬂ& Letirst. Mason Mfg. Co., Dept. Z, Canton, s Te R e i ; REMEMBER