Ligonier Banner., Volume 45, Number 23, Ligonier, Noble County, 25 August 1910 — Page 2

THE DATTIE % a\J e Dro7r F. POWELL f € « |

HERE is an underworld not BN, ‘* invaded by novelist or play%fii"/? ¥ wright. Yet in it occur ] ' = strange and often subtle draT "?{‘b mas of survival and destruc- : e | tion. Nor is} it a noiseless 7 underworld. Every evening ‘ ; after a hot sunset it forms . : an orchestra which shrills - & out its prowess and flaunts its coming achievement. And in all the world there is no orchestra so weli pald. To be sure it gets little in the matter of attention, but in ways more substantial it is rewarded handsomely. For it is permitted to levy toll upon the corn and the wheat, the cabbage and the apple, as they grow. It is allowed to eat the profits of the miller and’ the grain dealer. Certain members of the shrilling tribe go farther and demand greater concessions in their greed. Not satisfied ‘with money tribute, they exact human lives. Their gruesome tracks are made upon the faces of little children. Then from places where poverty forces women and babies into filth and sickness, they take wing and they bear their death message into homes fair- and clean—homes where the inmates cannot concern themselves with life's wretched ones. And so nature in her inexorable circle from which neither the proudest nor the poorest can escape, herself supplies the link which brings the miserable home to the fair one. But reducing it to a dollars and cents basis which all of us understand, what- would you say the insects of this country cost us each year? Millions of dollars! More in fact than our entire system of public school education, from the kindergarten to the university! ! : x Moreover whole sections intended by nature for the production of particular crops often are compelled to abandon them for no other reason than insect infestation. This is ‘especially true of horticulture. Mpyriad, indeed, are thfa insect foes that infest vegetables and fruit. If ever the life of this underworld Is brought upon the stage as that of the barnyard has been, it may well open with this plaint of the truck grower: The insects are busy in clover and grass, A-hatchin’ out sorrer fer my garden sass, - They're - happily. hummin’ this giddy refrain ; The old mule wfll still be your alry-o-plane. Now the farmer has found himself helpless before this foe which must be fought with microscopes and laboratory mysteries. Consequently he has appealed to the man of science whom everyone despises in the day of prosperity and rushes to consult when the world is awry. . Let me tell you of what has been accomplished by one man with a microscope. His name is Stephen A. Forbes and he is state entomologist' of Illinois. His chief work in this position is to exterminate “economic insects,” as those which damage the growing things are called. He is also head of the state laboratory of natural history and professor of 'entomology in the University of Illinois. He has held ‘these offices 25 vyears, which means that he has spent a quarter of a century fighting the predaceous instincts of economic insects, barring an occasional short lapse to fight the economical instincts of state legislatures. Naturally he is on intimate terms with a vast number of bugs. For a practical knowledge of an insect, the ‘abillty to recognize it in all its phases is a mere beginning. Its dietary must be known, not only what it prefers but what it likes next best and what it will eat to escape starvation; how the weather affects its health, its temper, and its power of multiplying; is it subject to contaglous diseases? If so, how may it be induced to catch one? Also it is well to know how its neighbor bugs regard it. - Whether the sight of it arouses the instinct to protect or the #hstinct to kill. For there are bugs so kindly disposed toward other bugs that they will carry them to their food supply, hatch their eggs-for them, and bring up their offspring. The sole duties they leave to those they protect are breathing, eating and multiplying. . : First let me tell you about the fight against the chinch bug. As everyone knows, the chinch is a devil-devastator whose evil intentions are backed with energy and resourcefulness. When it starts to take what it wants from the farm there is just one thing it leaves—the mortgage. For more than a generation scientists in all parts of the country directed their intelligence® agaipst its linstinct; and instinct won the victory. It seemed that reason could not fathom the cause of the outbreaks nor find a way to prevent them. In despair the men of science were for. saying as did the old Irish woman of the rain that spoiled her potatoes, “There’s no ralson in it, it's just the will of Godl” v i+ And right there it seemed the problem would have to rest. But an occasional persistent brain was unable to accept this solution. Observations went on not only week by week but day by day, and often even hour by hour. Even so it was a work that proceeded| slowly. The chinch bufZ was hard to make rules for. Indeed, it seemed more an ‘exception to rule than the French language. For instance, scientists flattered themselves that one thing was proved concerning his chinchship viz., the abandonment of wheat culture meant an end to chinch bug ravages. But farmers fiade the sad discovery, quite unintentionally, you may be sure, not at all for the sake of enlightening the men of science, that the abandonment of wheat may even increase the chinch devastation. For if they have become numerous and can find no wheat, they will accept oats, barley, grass or corn. The abandonment of wheat to be effective against the chinch, must take place at the beginning of an outbreak. ‘ Therefore Dr. Forbes straightened his mortarboard, polished his microscope and prepared for wholesale slaughter. He was going to wade deep, not in gore but in bug juice. The

LAW STUDENTS’ EATING. TERM Porter Summons the English Barris‘tere to Meals With a SilverMounted Horn, . In the heart of Lopdon, between busy Fleet street and the broad Embankment, there i< carried out a cus. tom .that has been in vogue for several centuries, a Louisville Times’ London lettar says. Every night between 5 and 5:30 o’clock, one of the porters of the Temple, the University

- L ST i , , L TR R a ' . i T R N T, , L e b ; et kol e \ ; 5% & {2 \ g L ‘&b ; ’ . N ‘% i J B e ' : (= : i S BT ; 9 ' fi“‘& . :D - E A% kS sehs S - T e LR £ T 0 : Sl S A o ' - SR ol J Ed. R = TOoRDBES ; D e ! : SRy G o RN Y 2, . 4 \ 3 : e — encireling claws of : . f b b what were meant to \ % e 5 . -\\. & .be their banquets. _ , : M, ; 4 \.w % : “- As' for sprays, the ' j ' % _ : bugs throve upon ' G them. Dr. Forbes : ; . ot : had his assistants ' s : éi j /3 : in the- fields before ; ; : ; 3\/ ' : i : : it was found that G BN W ’;‘b : - ERE oy - grass in the autumn 2 > R P S : i A would practically do z v \ Al away with the pest. Yy | T oA\ ‘ | A Of all the foes » i 4 Fig e R S B which the agricultu- \ 4. g i rist must fight, none ‘ X 7 ] o D AT Yy ficult problem than N “ Bary i the white grub. For ! : b ~ e o ; one thing, there are ’ R 7 many species. IlliCory RooTAPHIS AND ITS Voo nois has abo;xt;hi;— ATTENDANT ANT ! Winged e 3 g e B Female, Two Wing/ess [emales, e R . | AN [ wih gn (?rig?rrllalo‘:zd Log and Pupa of Aphis, and PR - o B ’(»"f:\“ N A hard working brand Wofker Afi/; : . i b ',z e“& A/’ i of. . nutotal . euased : e : Wy 4 & ff ssedfirst plan was to pre: . . : gjf\\f f O B , ness. They attack sent the chinch with a : : s : plants at the roots, contagious disease. It o . - - and it is not at all had been observed that , g;a”‘%%}%%w Corn Bill-Bugs, Grub of sameé and Corn . uncommon to find it wa§ subject to a » %p%@‘ ‘j*‘;@&;‘ FPlant J/;awu?g Bill-Bug tnjury. whole acres of grass fungous disease simi- RoY S where the sod can

SRSV NW - MAW VALY @ WDallld lar to that of the common house fly, which left the dead covered with a white mould. Why not spread it? It was tried wupon the university flelds and the bugs took it most obligingly and died most successfully. Before it could be considered more than an experiment, however, it was necessary to try

it on a larg'er scale.

Consequently letters were sent among the farmers, asking for boxes of sound bugs. These bugs were to be given the disease and returned with directions for spreading it. The response was surprisingly immediate. Boxes of bugs poured into the express offices and yet more boxes of bugs. Farmers from neighboring states heard of the offer and they, too, went bug hunting. The express companies worked overtime. The assistants in the entomologist’s office became mere undertakers for bugdom. The mouldy bugs were sent out on their beneficent mission of destruction. Then the results came in. They varied; they did, Indeed. Some thought the entire entomologist’s office should be fitted out with a golden, glorious halo as the rescuer of its country: others alas! thought a fool’s cap would fit the case more exactly. : : But although the disease project could not be called a complete success, means were found which make it possible to raise grain. even in the very worst of the chinch outbreaks. The barrier methods and sprays with a kerosene emulsion will catch them every time. Just after harvest the scarcity of food In the wheat fields arouses in the chinch an instinct to migrate. On foot it sets out to get an appetite for corn. This is the time to make a ridge beween the infested field and the field the chinch desires to infest. This is done by plowing a backward furrow which is packed with a light roller or by hand and has a line of tar poured upon it from a can with a tubular spout. Post holes are dug at intervals of about twenty feet. By keeping the tar line fresh his chinchship cannot cross, but will follow it to the posthole, into which he speedily tumbles. It then is merely pleasant recreation for the farmer to travel out and pour a weak solution of kerosene upon his accumulated enemies. Kerosene is an excellent death dealer for these pests. 'When they get into the cornflelds the farmers of Illinois sally forth -with an emulsion contalning four per cent. of kerosene and half as much whale oil soap mixed by five minutes simple beating with a stick. This is flirted by hand upon the corn in the cool of the day when the insects feed most thoroughly and when there is less danger of injury to the corn. Sometimes a single application does the work:; when the infestation is very bad two and even three may be required. S Now let us talk about corn exclusively for a while. With that staple at its present price and with the grave gentlemen who produce statistics as hens produce eggs—the louder the cackling, the smaller the statistic—assuring us that it is on its lofty perch to stay, it seems that the farmer will have to cultivate automobiles and bad habits as obesity cures for his bank account. But, halt! Nature provides several. There is the weather, more exasperating and with less regard for a poor

of Law, goes round the dull old quadrangles blowing an old-fashioned, silver-mounted horn to ecall the students for dinner. In each iaw term there is a period called the eating term, during which the barristers to be are compelled to attend at least six dinners in the Temple Hall.’ . "~ Temple Hall was built in 1572 and has a magnificent oak reof, richly carved, and a fine oak screen. On the dais at the end of the hall, Shake. speare is belleved to have acted i “Twelfth Night,” early in 1602. The

\ i *"“;é& TR . B g : e oo G BRE T s White Grub in its : four Stages ! June Beelle, Lgg, Grub and Pupa, _

ering the way to oonquer a pair of these precious rascals that Dr. Forbes has made his most valuable s'ngle contribution to science. They are tde corn field ant and the corn root-aphis or. as it is better known, the corn root louse. For a fong time they were the particular scourge of the corn grower who supposed that they operated each on its own account. Through the research of Dr. Forbes it is now known that one is helpless without the otber. The resourceful and industrious' ant is entirely unable to extract the coveted sap from the corn root, and the stupid aphis would, {f left to itself, starve in the very presence ¢f the corn. But the ant can carry the aphis to the corn roqt and deposit it thereupon; the aphis can extract the sap and then exud» it, thus passing it on to the ant. Therefors it was not a problem of exterminating ‘two foes but of outwitting the clever little ant. Were it banished, the ‘aphis would soon disappear. The wretched little soft-bodied hunk o’ creation can do nothing for itself except lay eggs and suck corn sap. The ant gives it a home in its own burrows, hatches its eggs for it, carrying them to the warm surface if they are slow, bearing them farther into the grhund if they threaten to hatch before its focd supply is ready. And this protection extends through the aphis’ life. If, because of plowihg or other inadvertence, the ant finds its charges scattered, it will cheerfully collect tdem and reconstruct its home if that has bean molested also. The ant has nothing else to do and it is as active as an outraged Puritan conscience. However, methods of control kave been found. The use of the disk and crep rotation will exterminate them. The root:aphis refuses entirely to occupy ground planted to oats, so this crop is’ of the greatest impoftance in clearing fields of them. Also by disking two or three times with a 20-Inch disk !n spring, especially on a sunny day when the ants are likely to have their charges near the surface, they will be killed and scattered and their nests so broken up that even the enthusiastic little ant cannot reconstruct the colony. : : Another enemy of the corn that Dr. Forbesse has caught by cultlvation is the bill bug, as certain beetles ara called because of their long, hard snouts, which they poke into the farmer’s business to ruin it. This time the cultivation must be with the plow instead of the disk and in the autumn instead of spring and in the flelds of #rass where the bill bugs breed. These buge are distinguished by a belligerency which is only equaled by their strength of claw. One variety appeared in Illinois which looked so large to the harassed farmers that it was christened “elephant bug.” Chickens turned into the fields to feast upon them fled in flapping, comical flight, unable to relieve their terrified souls by a squawk, as their bills were tightly held together by the

long table at which the students dine was the gift of Queen Elizabeth to the benchers and was made.from a single oak !n Windsor Park. There is also a small dining table constructed from the timbers of Drake’s ship, the Golden Hind. At present about 60 students dine here nightly. Not only has this miniature univef. sity town memories of the old crusading times, its flavor is mingled with associations of the literarsy history of the eighteenth century, “It i the most elegant spot in the metropolis,”

man’s purse than rich relatives on a visit, there is the fretful soil which gets sour like a colicky bady, and there ate sturdy, hungry insect foes. Over two hundred of these attack corn, forty capable of doing notable damage. It is in discov-

wrote Charles Lamb, who was born in Crown Office Row. ‘“What a cheer ful liberal look hath the portion of it which, from three sides, overlooks the greater garden—that goodly pile ‘of building strong, albeit of paper height,’ confronting with massy contrast, the lghter, older, more fantastically shrouded one, named Harcourt, with the cheerful Crown Office Row (place of my kindly engendrure) right opposite the stately stream which washes the garden foot with her yet.scarcely trade polluted

be rolled up like a carpet. By preference they devastate grass, but if thé supply is scant, they are willing to ruin small grain, corn, strawberty plantations, woodlands, and, indeed, many other situations. They are especially difficult to combat because the life history is hard to follo}w from the first to the last stage.. Only a singie specimen has been bred from the egg to the beetle and its life cycle occupied three years. So far the best remedy has been found io be in cropping, especially in planting -the infested ground to clover. Well-known enemies of the white grub also are the festive porker, which will dig a foot for a mice fat one, angl crows and crow blackbirds. Occasionally a farmer notices that a field which has been brown from a grub ravage be comes green and alive. He is inclined to think it a clear case of the Lord remembering the righteous; as a matter of fact another insect has appeared and is working out another set of instincts. This is the Tiphia, a member of the solitary wasp.family. It stings the grub into submission and then glues to its thick hide an egg which in a few days hatches into a veritable vampire. It sucks from its host its life juices, leaving the shell to crumble back to earth. Trees, both those in natural forests and those which have been planted, ‘“noble and helpless products of nature,” to quote Dr. Forbes, are often dragged to a slow and unsightly death through insect infestation. Have ‘you' never late in May or in June noticed upon shade trees little wads of cotton? Each wad, you will see, if you look, projects from a brown .cap, which is the female maple scale. It is a native Insect parasite of the soft maple. It will infest, besides the maple, the linden, box elder, elm" and honey locust. These cotton wads are the soft bed in which the careful female lays her eggs, and each female can be relied upon to deposit something like 3,000 eggs in her own particular little wad. Dr. Forbes found after considerable experiment that a kerosene emulsion was effective in disposing of these pests. A 20 per cent. emulsion could be used in winter if the roots of the trees were protected, and a 10 per cent. in summer. It is made by dissolving one pound of common soap in one gallon of water by boiling. This is removed from the fire and two gallons of kerosene poured in With a spray pump the mixture is then forced back into itself for about five minutes, when it will look like a thick cream, and no longer separates on standing. Seventeen gallons of water added to the three gallons thus prepared will give a 10 per cent. solution. The cost will be 4.3 cents a gallon and three or four gallons will save a large tree from destruction. Doubtless you have noticed upon the apples you brought home in a paper bag and those that fell from your own cherished tree a crescent mark. This means that a busy little curculio has had its beak in your apple before you and has probably laid an egg at the sign of the crescent curculios. A spray compound of 1214 ounces of acetate of lead and four ounces of arsenate of soda to fifty gallons of water, if used three or four times, will catch practically all thesé orchard destroyers. ' Among the insects injurious to health the common housefly takes first rank. Dr. Forbes has found that 75 per cent. of the common houseflies breed in horse manure. As the remedies that will kill the housefly maggots are too dangerous to be used in stables, except boiling water, which is hardly practicable, the only protection seems to be in screening stables against flies as we do our houses and in carefu} city sanitation. : ; |

’waters. . - ; A man would give something to have béen born in such 1 places.” \ —————e e | A Conservative Method. ~ “When you make R speech you ‘never tell us anythmg we didn’t ' know,” said the constituent. . . “Of course,” replied Senator Sorghum. “The idea in addressing the people is to express their own ideas Then they give you credit for being a smart man because you agree ‘with them.” .

e M™ Rrm T __=_i..r .

Retentive soils should be drained.. <cnd to market all ‘old hens right’ now. . A poér milker, mian or maid, is an tbomination in a dairy. The shorter the fattening period the l greater the profit from the pen. | If there are any bare places on thei lawn now they should be reseeded or resodded. " The disk is a better implement than the plow for breaking up sod in the orchard. - If farmers kept books there would be a great many better ones than there are today. . .There will be something to learn about farming so long as there arc studious farmers, . - There is a distinct difference between weeds and corn. There should also be an extinet difference. An orchard will live longer, bear better and be more profitable for being well cultivated and enricued. _Perhaps the first impo'rtant'factor to consider in dairying is the stable .wherein the cattle are to be housed. »St"rawberries should be cultivated, the weeds eradicated and the moisture conserved for late summer drouth.

When the incubator is to be started for late hatches set things in order and run it two days before intrusting the eggs to it. '

Fresh manure has a tendency to cause carrots, parsnips and salsify to grow forked roots: it also causes radishes to become wormy.

The attention the farmer gives the hen is an invitation for the hen to lay—and her cackle is the acknowledgment of the invitation.

The scientific, thoughtful farmer works with his head. He knows every cow, her yield, her condition and her profit producing capacity.

No live stock is so easily and quickly increased in volume as hogs and a season of good prices is usually a precursor of increased breeding.

Allow the calf to run with the mother for a day or 80, immediately after birth. The new milk is necessary to promote a proper digestion.

_ Aside from the commercial value of the products from the poultry yard the value of fresh eggs and fine poultry for the table should not be underestimated.

Generous treatment while a heifer tends to develop the udder and in fact all the milk producing organs of the cow and establishes a habit that is never lost. .

Do not defer harvesting your Irish potatoes until they are affected with black rot. As soon as the tubers mature and the plants begin to die harvest the tubers.

No sane and active poultry keeper will tolerate lice in the nest. Place water, feed and dust bath where ‘the hen can easily get at them when she daily leaves the nest. :

All decayed specimens of fruit should be promptly destroyed. Windfall apples and peaches should be gathered up and destroyed to prevent spreading the disease.

Unless you secure the guinea, eggs end have the young ones hatched under the hens, along with the chicks, they are almost certain to become wild and unmanageable.

Beware of “red rust” in blackberry or blackcap bushes. When seen, promptly dig up and burn infected plant, being careful not to scatter the fungous dust over healthy bushes.

Those who have large apple orchards are fortunate if they have evaporators for drying windfall apples. This is a good way to utilize unsalable fruit and thus add to the profits of the orchard.

Keep your eyes open for better hens. You will often see some advertised for sale. But steer clear of old wornout stock. None over one or at the outside two years old should be bought or kept on the farm.

. Cottonseed meal fed to excess will injure the flavor of butter just as linseed meal in excess will injure the grain and flavor. While both of these can be fed to an advantage to dairy cows the best results are possible only when they are used in connection with other materials.

Do not neglect to examine the currant and gooseberry-bushes and look for the white eggs of the currantworms, and the larva of the currantsewfly. If you find any, dust the leaves, top and under sides, with finely powdered hellebore, when the foliage is wet, or put a heaping tablespoonful in a gallon of water, and apply ;

There 1s money in bees e Start an asparagus bed. It thrives on a sandy soil. : T Sell off all the roosters éxcept the prime ones for breeqlng. S The breed of white hogs is rapidly disappearing from this country. The good roads movement méreasel the pleasure of moving over the roads. SO L A dog’s bark is rather to be e,ncoixraged. There is argument in the barking of a dog. . : - : One man cannot well do twp things at once, but two men can do one thing nicely. ~ = » -Young shrubs need more cultiva.t‘i'Qn and care than older gnes, especially the first year. Some men .never discover where a fence is weak until they attempt to cilmb- over it. SR Even a city man can comé to the front with a small flock of -poultry in his back yard. . e

, .No cow which averages less -than one and one-half gallons of milk per day can be kept at-a profit. °

Take the chill off the water for the mare, and feed her carefully and keep her quiet for a number of days.. .

The cow is doing her best for you and you can afford to pamper her whims. They are usually pretty good ones. o ;

The man who sald “that the best poultrymen on most farms are the women,” Knew what he was talking about. :

Onions stand a good deal of cold. If you have new ones earlier than your neighbors, you must take some chances. .

It Is more difficult to secure the seeds of forest trees than any other kinds of seeds, since there is so little market for them.: /

Beets may be canned or pickled and saved for winter use. When vegetables are scarce they will be greatly enjoyed {f saved in this way.

In Japan there are 192 people for every 40 acres of land _and 256 cows, 256 donkeys, and 512 swine for every square mile of land in the kingdom.

Take some time to make handy devices for the house and barn. They are easy to make, and many of them are worth much more than they cost.

It is not fair calculation to take the average of the herd as the basis of computing anhual . profit from the. dairy. Let eat:h individual stand on her merits. | ) -

The sitting hen should be given a new, clean box for a nest, filled with the cleanest of material. Placé her on the new nest and give her the eggs in the evening. : L

No animals are bred that are capable of supplying the largest amount of rich milk and storing away the largest amount of flesh and fatness in their bodies at one am% the same time. : e Most people find that the yearling hens 'lay more eggs than the older hens, but some chicken raisers claim that the old hens eggs are better for hatching, because they are more strongly fertilized. - :

Good food never creates the character nor temperament of a e€ow, nor makes of her a good dairy animal, any more than it never makes a good cow out of a small milker; it is useless to make the effort. S

Water or moisture is always on the move. When it rains it soaks the ground, and as soon as it stops raining it starts its upward movement by capillary "attraction. It travels from one soil particle to the next and so on until the soil becomes what we call dry.

All stock will be healthier and will thrive better if salt is kept where they ‘can help themselves daily rather than at intervals. Medicated salts are now put up and sold that are better in every way for the stock than the common salt usually. used besides being a better conditioner. FE

The soil has wonderful . absorptive power to hold on to its moisture, for if we place some soil in the oven and drive off the moisture by heat and then examine these soil ‘particles under a powerful microscope we will find each soil particle coated with a thin film of what is termed hydroscopic water. 3

_ Shade and water are important matters in connection with grazing cattle, and the more nearly natural the conditions can be made, the better.. In a pasture which contains no trees, it sometimes pays to put up a board roof to protect cattle from the hot sun in July and August, but summer feeding on a large scale is not generally advisable at all where there is no natural shade in the field.

Unless the cockerels are to be retained for breeding purposes, it is advisable to kill them off as soon as they are sufficiently large, thus clearing the ground and giving more space to the pullets to grow. When cockerels are allowed to run together, growth is considerably retarded, besides which the flesh loses a good deal of its excellence, both in flavor and fineness. . :

Professor Washburn of the Minpesota division of Entomology at Univergity Farm finds toads to be friends of the farmer. They feed entirely upon an incredible number of insects. The federal department of agriculture, investigating the toad, discovers the startling fact that in 24 hours the ingect food consumed by one toad equals in quantity four times the capacity of its stomach, which is practically filled and emptied four times every 34 hours - e ol e

JESUS ENTERING JERUSALEM Sunday School Lesson for Aug. 28, 1910

LESSON TEXT.—Matthew 21:1-f. Memory verses 10, 1L : GOLDEN TEXT.—“Hosanna to the Son of David; Blessed i{s he that cometh in the name of the Lord; Hosanna in the highest.”—Matt. 21:9. ;s _TlME.—Sunday, April 2, A. D. 30, the day after the Jewish Sabbath, five days before the crucifixion. Passion week. PLACE.—On the west slope of the Mount of Olives, toward Jerusalem from Bethany; then in the streets of Jerusalem and in the court of the temple. Suggestion and Practical Thought. The Triumphal Entry of the King Into the Capital of the Nation.—Vs. 1-11. “And when they drew nigh unto Jerusalem.” 'This phrase includes the Journey f.om Jericho to Bethany (John 'l2: 1), where he arrived Friday evening; the supper on ‘Saturday evening at the close of their Sabbath: and the leaving Bethany on their way to Jerusalem Sunday morning, the day after their Sabbath. “And were come to _Bethphage.” (house of figs, or figtown3, -a village not far from Bethany (house of dates), toward Jerusalem on the northern road over “the mount of Olives,” which was the “Park” of Jerusalem, the gardens and pleasure grounds for the city. “‘Tell ye the daughter of Sion™ one hill of Jerusalem, representing the city. “Behold, thy King cometh” Jesus was the Messigh, the true king of the kingdom of God, which was now about to be established . vAnd a very great multitude.” Rather, “the most part of the multltude,” for there were some cold and scowling critics (Luke 19: 39, 40). There were crowds of pilgrims from ‘all parts of the eountry coming up to the Passover festival. By a census taken in the time of Nero, it was ascertained that there were 2.700.000 Jews present at the Passover. “Spread their garments in the way.” “This was a recognized act of homage to a king. Agamemnon, tempted to an act of barbaric pomp. after the manner of eastern kings, entered his palace at Mycenae, walking upon costly carpets (Aeschylus, Agam. 891).” So, in later history, the young Sir Walter Raleigh, when Queen Elizabeth came to a miry part of the road, took off his ned and costly plush mantle and spread it on the ground for the queen to walk over. - ; . “Others cut down branches.” The imperfect tense denotes continued action. “As Jesus advanced, they kept eutting branches and spreading them, and the multitude kept crying.”. * “Cried, saying, Hosanna.” “Hosanna” is a rendering into Greek letters of the Hebrew words, “Save, we pray!” “To the son of David, the natural heir to the throne, the inheritor of the promises to David (2 -Sam. 7: 12-18. 1 Chron. 17: 10-14). “Cometh in the name of the Lord.” Sent by God, indorsed by God as his representative, “Hosanna in the highest.” ¥n the highest degree; in the highest strains; in the highest heavens. A Note of Sadness. One touching incident, by the way, ils related by Luke only (19: 41-44). ‘At one point in the descent, when the procession was amid wheat fields, flowers, and olive-trees, at a turn of the road, the great city of Jerusalem suddenly ‘burst upon their vision. “It rose terrace on terrace, a city of palaces.” Here Jesus wept aver the city which was soon to reject their king, the only Saviour who could prevent its destruetion, and the fall of the nation.

{ Jesus went into the temple, his | father's house, and went about his i father’s business. He found the courts of the temple turned into a ! market place for the sale of animals [ for sacrifice, and for the exchange of | money. For the people came from lm_any countries each with its ‘own coinage and system of money valualtion, and they must pay the temple tax in Jewish coins, and transact their business in the money current in Judea. l With this excuse traders made the | house of p?ayer a place of business and a den of thieves; for those who for gain - will defraud religion of its worship are likely to defraud man of his dues. For the dealers, the spirit of worship was lost. Instead of praying, they were bargaining. Instead of worshipping, they were making money. Dishonesty in connection with religion does much more harm than elsewhere. It creates unbelievers. It undermines the power of religion. It turns men away from the truth. The court of the Gentiles,was the place of prayer and worship for Gentiles. It was theé only place where they ‘could worship in the temple. It was _missionary ground. It was the place for reaching the masses. * All this was destroyed by the noise and confusion, ‘and distractions of the market place. Worship was out-"of the question: prayer was interrupted. And the very object of the temple was sacrificed to the greed of gain. Kingly Work for and Through the Children, vs. 15-17. The childien, boys, . . . “saying, Hosanna to the son of David.” They caught the enthusiasm from their elders, and entered with great zest into the praises of the Messiah.” They, “the chief priests,” “were sore displeased.” Perhaps they dreaded lest: the Roman garrison in the adjoining castle of Antonia should hear them and fear lest the praises of the Son of David as king should be regarded as treason against Rome. - Hence they asked Jesus to put a stop to these loud praises (Luke 19: 39, 40). His reply was that the very stones would cry out if these held their peace. : The church should take the Yest care that the children should join in the services of praise. They should arrange their services, and build their edifices, so that the children can thus have part. They should encourage children’s meetings where the young are trained in the work they will be called to do for the church of God. The older people will find that thus ‘praise is perfected. The Gospel preached in so direct and simple a manner, that children can be uplifted by they, will most help the largest asomber ol pecple - . 7