Ligonier Banner., Volume 45, Number 20, Ligonier, Noble County, 4 August 1910 — Page 2

BB DT DODS ) B ¥y § . 1< Y N ;:.ii 45 i e . - + 4 o T = ewR 2355 BT TR A L 5 4 . T m’*\‘ L IHEN the United States ceases to be an exporter of beef Lo RRN ';,'.:'_,;ﬁ.‘?..ﬁ;_: ’@,g, LoL 2 F &t . SRR e 3 and pork from whence will Europe get its meat? W i ‘ﬂ SSRGS SR RO A \ W < . S SR P % U 3 s it LR 8 ORI ‘i - OOBSR SR Yy e 7 S % RTR P = . ’//‘//é Wiil the United States, with its large ratio of In- o .~~.‘~g-,'.."‘./.-':=~-'“;}’“ < Y e ‘7’ ” = ;’m',h POO ,-.!-)-,‘;3‘.-; P % ’ﬁ/ Lo X 0,08 : ~%. & 7-—| crease in population, with- which the meat produuction e ,-‘%«3"‘@;{%‘%’ e ,'5‘.5.;,-;,.--«“: ,}}g Sl " o A e A ' : sl L airia s mRe o] . . R IdP e o R R e i % A A <\\ . by no means leeps pace, be able in the future to feed :,"‘,. e ~.,_«%v,,«?-{; "“;;-*' Y \‘/‘- ,:’}»j;‘.; RO S T I : R R 4 : ook | 562 ~ o L Y Rl e 3 E ] - 1'«"%1' Must Europe and the United States curtail their meat N D Rl Y BT = % SR W orsss 9 : L\ roo Sl el Vg : fo "&, (‘_‘a.’;,w.w;lf kAR < o 4 -5 14 H 4 ulle i, consumpticn? : DN TR Ry e 3 { iy iat T - 3 Y b:- i % 4 .I 2 :‘s}, — = i, A“"\“ ey, & 3 38 g ; & g - W,k : There is no need to take a pessimist's view in an- o " )g»' {\\ B : 7(3 s 5 e %% 4 ! 5 E swering any of thess questions. The meat proposition v I S Y. - B\ RLe e a 7 5 b % 4 Y % 5/ s ’ i prog 1 . v . 3 LIS is- alréady serious, it is true; but this is because we arerat the turning - £ a 8 Vi i ’¢fl§'-~’. X L% e S ;.f ST 3 3 : g ¥T el 5 i 3 i 37 - 3 wd Pl - T e J . 3 3 f the ways and hee 3¢ tha imua iate if e sven the are A o Sty # { 4 e, % - s e B ok 3 s < of the ways and not because the immediate future, or even the tafure L :w.;,;‘{" e. / 1 Z A S //,/ SR B - g’i s for somé hundreds of vears at least, presents any real difficulty to the A T ST, ; d :f;,"x’/’i-',‘ V iR T %.,“ AV - tot MBI P o oyt 0 o Lo T 7/ s | O RN i/ o R R ke SRR OGRS T S soluticn 'of {his proposition. 37 //." 5 w 1 AP LAY "\ = 501 TR 56 bIG s e R Y %\&ﬁ%\;‘ ’:: S T ! : ; : : - - P & 3 (1 A 4 / 3 3 . o SR AT NS R R SIS LS eST TS - Leaving out of consideration all questions involving the so-calied LT SRR - Vil o \{\\\\\ ),f ‘%w‘;&-' QUCHO . Re P ,%"rie o TNARE D Tk . oL K 7 LN N SBl o % Rt ff‘c;m o A A o T ment trust, the tariff, etec., and looking at the matter simply as aber ey , MK\\ <5 Jg,rﬁ?z"ﬁ"ﬁ & A ao?. BOY H e G g : ; & : : : PR / i B e AL S YR ) SR guestion of economy in meat production, there {8 no need to fear a . .‘:, Mr’ / i 3 e "’"}?’,f’..:n “/;’fid 3 ”T,ﬂi‘jﬁﬁw»w 5 R famine, nor ought there to be aony f=ar of high prices to limit the con- v e 5.4,-; f'/, /;’%\ ,'ﬁ P [/,’d,& S ﬂx‘f 0 SOO g 3 A g % # gy . g 0% y v £l “ % e : — V- S e e sT e R : glmption. : . . /AR ‘33‘,‘:? e Y/ {l’/""‘gﬁ 3 o " B 8 bt Y, -eel e A number of factors enter into the world's present meat problem, "‘ jw ;ss:.l“ 5 2 : - .L G R "'?1," bk MSR = Sk : : - s 3 77 g [ 2 et : i s e 33 ; S RIS & I on~ of the most important of which is the change in conditions under AL /_-'-;,f;' {;;_&. MR BRI t_;? iAR SN TR RN e S AT . 2 S ek R A T 3 - RIS RT S Rl e TGRS S A S e W which nreat has been produced in the United States. The change from 5 WONL M s SR YSRSR Nl : 'e}*’-‘"‘“',; ik R "‘,R&rs;* RTINS 5% ¥ : % = ; ; : fFr % Bt v e b L s it ? SRS -bl range to farm.producticn of bheef cattle and the improved shipplng fa- AR L ((, r‘** &;g o ;{* % g R DR ,ﬁ,, ‘t”«‘ 4@':3; Rl cilities for corn, which latter has revolutionized the hog industry, have ’T s B Y s A Pe RN SRR TR o TTR o, R R s * i ’ - ; ; 5 y =’ 5 ? I &0 - £ Pay i A RP A 3 e B ity Nl ’“‘w, sNP ,w&ﬁ S B i - 5 g : together upset the balance in the rieat market. Unlimited free range vl Kel 8| 68 SELIERRRT e DRI .oﬁ. — T o “" SRO T TR i : . / & £z R I B & & e 54 I y’,‘f‘% et _&* 5 $ W g D S ;‘\:}— ] "y on govéernment lands made chenp meat, but the taking up of these e I : /\*', .ﬂf'»:“m,&;ﬁ;- Rt R e e, o ),:,'*{; i mﬁ,r“fga:é;!;»m i , lands by settlers, and particularly the taking up of land around water . H ¢ t7/?‘,’/ I#3@", ii;;«a.ﬁ;,fﬁ g ’aﬁs’é‘ﬁm fTs m*’,”vx"“%f’f”h'g&ﬂz{ gites has changed the whole situation. :The exten sk N :ﬁ “’%‘im'"fw B gt e e . o ‘rﬁ'ﬁ& éﬁ"ﬂ’“ sty st 1107 . 4 ) . ; j ot NG W T e RS P Rki eRN N R *%f"-% GIR R eion of railways and an Improved service has glven : i ﬂo” 4WW PR R R AN L R g Jf‘::\‘gﬁ ¢ e 3‘/.,;., "'f;‘ the vwestern farmer a choice, either to seil his corn or e eey e e B | ST @i&r i e R ! *:ﬁgﬁ%%’"%\ --%-,.ﬂ A :s:bSzoHiAAR e R R AR R . " to fead for mwat, where fermerly he had ne choice; |t ] Sl Lt e R e Se R e :**t:ﬁr.’é«:’* orlE s {u; g O e : AT r hoes. or cease rai‘ing eorn He raised hogs i eTR - wr;’;s};;/‘ : 1"';.\%,2:4'#;: R & :j, r‘;;’ﬁ T#’. Rash e —i-.lﬂ“' By o i o B Was ¢ Nnogs. 0O ase i 24 0. 1C Tralg i s TANST 4 o S o eoBT L gTeADSI o 3 T gt RR - fL i SRR SR BRI S s ° 2 3 x 5 R SRR R I e A T S e S AR : S R R ANt R RGN B ST Y s 8 ) SR A T AT NS oo beuause he was forced to it, and he bought range beef :ﬁizﬁlﬁ%{s{"z%%wgéﬁﬁn’ Ewir o Wty Lﬁ@:‘ A S e IR e see i R R catt'e to put them in condition fer the market by feed- —;,,a.f“ ""’""’Ql?pr.’éﬁ';&”;ﬁw'@,,\* FaRE oOSS o RS O S eL R T R obt T % -_"‘,"‘*gl:f-“’i""';'—-i-:;v_ TR R R oe e RS\ SR L eARSTR ) Dt G MR L Tre raising of cattle on the free ranges. of the west .|| e S GRS il o “;"@‘fé e, |\ W R ¥S S eeR el S - - ; s somioiane oLI T T RTS e el WNRTE SR e A 4 N 5 gRt e SRR eel was the cheapest miethod of meat production at the g 8 iy eVR SRS S TR RSR et b A Re T sey e ised fn'the fat ut it i - e e e A RN\ - N S AR MR Le ey time practised in the United States, hut it is a question 433% '.;‘3;"; ,S',w#,; sz;;h“‘-l:r_;»,‘.,;‘gt&t"m"2?7’::}’-:'.\.' 8 BT ioNS el i RS AT W e s ’rf“i,@sﬁ S e whethér beef may not now be produced, and is not now h & \ﬁ,:“;"% o ‘73,‘ 4 »-w" Mg L § gR R ‘,..:“’:;:'ii"l b e O % . : : R I D e L VIS es e e L g S N 3 Ae T S e NOR R B producad -by a few farmers, even cheaper than on ‘the *}u Feo ”:;,.* A g eB . ‘w~3?‘?" {5~ t*’j" 2. T \ BSRT TS 3 R _'-,;;';;.:\_.;‘34,3.;3;_,. i o wesktern ranges in the past. = 7 e A Eod 5 o 143 L ) 4 SRR R e 3 2 ~‘?m A o P-y . e R ; TRt BhEsy 2 RS . Thé poor quality of range meat, which necessitated ¥|| N *’*f,'tf!, e K Lo SR e : evern non g arm feeding an« s in orde b eokSl F AR eS4S AN P O LR ; i e ’ reveral imonths of farm feeding and care in order to A R eTS Wl " TRV, / : ¥ |

Le gotten in condition for the markat, the great losses R . TRI T T — - fo b Sy i 00l ' ffa;'??’,m“"’a\« L o 7Lt EXHIBITION : in the herds due to insufiicient food and water, and §¢A¢ i R A ¥ R y " ﬂfr pﬂLERNO = ' | k i i - 2 e Rs A s Rt 4 B T : S3B e 4 e the lhekl aof winter shelter madde the busimess of cattle R s fin i"/’\r A ; . . 3 e il - . i g B gt | ; raising pn the western plains a more or less uncertain "-" : T R . - Al MPANAVIATIE Thrtcira vac an: avati o . e T L PO s Gel s o OO and precavious industrys It was an exotie, and as such, N7T E i g gy~ R ST ,';“l‘_-:; ""WM ft .wiil die with changing condition CORRALS Niiiik i ~..15,% Loy i ,‘&*,m%“ﬁ. i SRR, Lo p : | - 1 v e S TSSRO OE i I R e L R i'iie |future of meat productiton In the TUnited op }/’y "O e 'ii‘wf,,ll.-i-_!-v‘-’. T ﬂg‘gg.;"&ﬁ& * & States is.a farming proposition, and ' like - all “other q aoGquay TS T eSR S I E’""""‘&':"""1"""‘“{""‘ LBy doon eet questions conneécted with the national agriculture de- = : & A "*'-"?Fe‘*?iz:;*'}};-Jf‘g-'ijﬁ-‘-f;:;’:"-i:-'-';:‘i:;i@é}‘;-x;jé;‘.;i};;;i;{.{f‘f.-7;1"',:'."“ ST lIRRY sW e pends for its satisfactory solution upon the improvement of farm meth- ~w 'W&”W;%@dﬁéj' ,}/.Jff‘i oS cde. To remain a meat-exporting country, lands must be brought up =I e & A RSk e e NSRS MLt {2 . : T S SOt S SR S B G SR AS R e o el to the FEuropean standard of production. .At that standard, or even Ege 8 756’&";%\:;,;7,* LRI ~sﬁ;’n %r,,*~ c¢onsiderably below, farming in the United States pays, and pgys well, bSS S o }lJ‘f"r M:‘f;gz.ﬁ g‘»'«cw,* 7;’ G TGRS r,q;e%?i"*”*f’ V¥l end in-fo way better than by turning grass and, grain into meat. But S LIRS ey v}*ffj"ﬁ:f*{.:f’i‘:,:s”.w" T ',G;;ﬁ: until the United States adjusts itself to the changed conditions and can | TR S -"“;‘,*f* Tt R TR P ee h% : e : : g . Srs TR Wt O i SRR S A AR RB LR sznin enter the European market as a competitor jwith Argentina, Uru- f,”‘@* % ”'" P L SRR Y ;{5 \ guay dnd Australia for the meat trade, where will Europe, and even g l“ﬁ@?“*‘z(""" 1 %’“‘“fﬂ:" : x‘“’ "77‘.»,*2 the United States, should it have a temporary need for meat, secure ,V;:-?Z:;{Z\'q';jz?‘.*_f “\i\*» .‘,; SRR Yit tiaelr supplies? eR R %ﬁiﬁ}. R oty ’)i—'s AR et Be TR e . ; = S ; L ,\‘w‘%wv&rﬁ G S e R e T S g Fhe. answer to this cquesticn [is not dificult. It is .only surprising R e "7‘.}{""":\%:}3/{‘4}" ";f‘*& es T S LSS il e . & = 4 - < B & B ;*‘"\‘-N, .+ ‘ft ‘nrr‘: SSR : <:~~k o ..‘.w: o —7’ R :y:_"_ 3 % that it has not.been more fully recognized. P L o gk»n}A{W’{ﬁm*"%Jmﬁ So S ¢ ' : ' 3 2 IR R sek — R A Lt R A The broad plains of Mexico and Central - . [ ——— > DA -m—--sl - L2lRrsrY (e _ America, of Venezuela and Colonibia, the Ama- : : ING fHILPES I ARGENTINA zon ragion of Brazil, Bolivia, Pern and Ecua- ‘ :

dor rival, if they do not e¢®eel the famed tpnmpas of Argentine and Uruguay as cheap meatproducing districts. : I : " In the country of the Oronoco alone, }f(xﬂ@— .zuela and eastern Colombia, there is an| area of 't rritory more than equal to France,| Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Uonk:xrk. or ien times the size of the state of New [York, which has its superior as a cattle counfry in no part of the world, if indeed it has anywhere its equal. : 5 : Mexico offers many ?Ta vantages to thefstock raiser.. The congditions there are thosel with which stockmen ‘from the United States are more or less familiar, which last fact, in part, saccounts for the large investments of American capital made in this industry within the last -few ynars in Mexico. Cattlemen own the land in large tracts of from 100,000 to 1,000,000 peres, acquired from the government by grant gnd at a very low figure. This prevents the shutting off from water, which has done so el to destroy the range industTy in the United States. The winters are miid and there {s no danger of loss from blizzards—in fact, the grazing i{s good all the year round. = The character of the‘ranges on the Pacific coast slde in Jéliscg. Michoacan, Guerrero, _southern Oaxaca and . Tepic are similar in character to the northern ranges but not so well watered, and the grass is scantier. - On the gulf side there are entirely different- conditions. On the. slope of the eastern Cordilleras in the states of SBan Tuis Potosi, Tamanlipas and northern Vera Cruz i{s the re.gion known ts the Huasteca Potosina,’ the country of the Tamesl, Panneco, Temporal and Tamasunchale vivers. This Is an almost ideal grass country. It is a succession of valleys geparated by grass-covered terraces or hills fnere” . L in height from the low plains near the coast to the borders of the central plateau €.OOO feet. This slope receives the moist Lreezes from the Gulf of Mexico In the form of rain during the summer months and dew fn winter, and «is always ' ‘free from, . frost, drought and excessive heat: The natural pasturage of this country is as fine as any in the world, except on the Oronoco and in the upper Amazon country. Cattle in good condition can be sent to market at a cost of less than $lO gold a head. On the northern and westCFD ranges Jlean cattle cost to produce from $2 to $5 a head and can he fattened for market to ¢ost in all about $lO a head. " The Tatest Mexican statistics show about. ¥,250,000 beef cattle in the whole country, of an estimated. value of about $8 gold per head. Chihuahua and Vera Cruz lead with “about 400,000 head for each state. As compared with Argentina with its 30,000,000 beef cattle it can be.seen that Mexico is but at the beginsning of the industry: in fact, as present the country produces but little meat above its own needs, yet it could, on natural pasture alone, carry ¢wice "thg number of cattle now grazing in Argentina, and could easily supply to the Ituropean markets from its surplus an amount of meat twice what the United States has . even been able to supply from its surplus. South of Mexico in Central America and fn parts of Mexico not above mentioned there s yet another cattle country, where the climate is more tropical. On the Pacific side the area sultsble for cattle is limited. " is similar to the Pacific slope of Mexico, but the country is <qcre thickly settled, a larger pro- .- portion of ¢he¢ land is devoted to agriculture,

eof Mairicd £k |

/ b Buccession of Incidents That Made a Comedy of a Philadeiphia Couple’s : " Nuptia) Day - Amusing incidents following one another in rapid suceession, converting a marriage into a comedy, a wedding rgoeption into a vaudeville performaance. happened recently on the nuptia} day of a young pair in the uorthwest part of the city, e

and consequently there is less roorn for beef cattle. . The country offers fine opportunities for dairy stoek aund will undoubtedly develop along this line. In the uplands and on the Atlantic ‘slope there are large areas of fine open country in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where cattle can be produced as cheaply as anywhere -in the world. Tt is a known fact that in Guatemala and Honduras four-veat-old stock can be produced on the ranges to cost less than $2 a head.. The native stock needs improving. It is'the same which was formerly known in the United States as the Texas long-horn. When crossed by Shorthorn bulls the resulting progeny is a first-class beef animal. Hereford, Galloway and Aberdeen-Angus crosses also produce good results. At present the industry is almost entirely local. Millions' of acres of the finest pasturage in the world, where the native grasses stand from knee to shoulder high, are unutilized. A tithe of the capital and enterprise which have produced such large results in Argentina and Uruguay would make Central America, although limited in area, an important factor in the world’s meat market and would pay to the investors a handsome return on their investment. 5 In South America there are %hree great natural cattle regions which in area and adaptability for cattle production are unequaled in any other part of the world. The plains of the Oronoco, of the Amazon and of thé Plata rivers are without doubt the best adapted for producing beef cattle cheaply and on a large scale of any other sections of either the old or the new world. : . Behind the Venezuelan coast range of mountains lies the basin of the Oronoco. This river ‘has nearly 500 tributaries and at its greatest length is 1,500 miles long and is navigable from.the ocean for about 1,200 miles. For about half its length it flows north and then turns almost directly east and continues in this lins to the Atlantic. Near the bend of the Oronoco it is joined by the Apure, one of its chief tributaries, which has come down from the eastern Cordilleras of Colombia through the heart of the region of the llanos or prairie lands. These lands continue on to the east to the vertex of the delta of the Oronoca. They comprise about 150,000 square miles in Venezuela and about 120,000 square miles in Colombia. It is the largest single compact area of high-class natural pasture in the world. In the luxuriance of its grasses it is as far ahead of the pampas lands of ArgenAina as are ‘these ahead of the short-grass ldnds of Kankas or Nebraska. It is one immense level prairie, thickly carpeted with para and guineo grass, growing twice as high as broom sedge on a neglected Virginia farm. It is crossed and interlaced by hundreds of rivers flowing into the Oronoco or into its larger tributaries, the Apure, the Arauca, the Meta, the Vichada and the Guaviare. From these rivers spread out smaller rivers, creeks and guts jolning one river to another so that the whole is one gteat water mesh. In some places for .a hundred miles one must cross water every half mile or less. The creeks and guts, when wide enough are navigable for launches and flatboats and offer the best and cheapest possible system of highways leading directly down to the Oronoeo and the sea. From the earliest days of the Spanish conquest this country has peen famed as a cattle land. At the time of the war of independence, in 1812, it was es'imated that there were

K)’—_’l‘he first incident occurred while l the bride was hastily donning her trousseau preparatory to being whirled Ito the church in a carriage. The carriage happened to be a buggy, to which was attached a crippled nag, balf-starved and hardly able to stand upon its legs. - The peir descended the steps of the houss, passed under the canopy amid [ & shower of rice and various other ar-

3,000,000 head of cattle in the country. The industry has never since been so flourishing. These natural cattle lands <omprise about 170,000,000 acres and could easily ;t:arry 180,000,000 beef cattle and not be overstocked. In the past the industry has been much hampered in both Columbia and Venezuela by government restrictions, - monopolies and taxation, and the estimates as to the cost of cattle production in consequence vary much. Under the same favorable conditions as exist {p Mexico, Argentina and Uruguay the llanos of Colombia and Venezuela can produce cattle ready for slaughter at a cost which ought not to exceed $2 gold' per head. : In the valley of the Amazon there are no such great prairie lands as exist on the Oronoco, vet on the whole there is as much or even more first-class cattle country, a considerable part of which is in easy deep-water connection. with the world's markets. The Amazon basin comprises one-eighth of _ the habitable earth and one-half of the most fertile portion thereof. In a territory so large as this it would be unreasonable not to expect to find many varieties of soil and soil cover, and such is the fact. Between the rivers tributary to the great river and back from the bottoms are here and there large tracts of open land similar to that found on the Gulf coast of Mexico, in the prairie lands of Louisiana and in Honduras and in Guatemala. . This is all.fine cattle country; there could be no better. Near the headwaters of the great rivers that flow down to make the mighty Amazon, on the eastern slope-of the Andes, are millions of acres of fine grass lands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, as well as in Brazil, that are more immediately avallable for cattle raising than are the lands farther east in the great basin. . . ‘The third great river basin of Southk America is that of the Plate river, with which must be Included the southern half of Argentina, whose rivers drain directly into the Atlantic. Any account of the cattle industry of Argentina must of necessity be less a story of what can be done than of what has been done. Included in the Plate basin in addition to Argentina are Uurguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil. The cattle conditions are similar over all this area. RN Argentina ranks third in the world as a cattle-producing country. Russia and the United States alone lead it; but Argentina has only about 6,000,000 inhabitants to feed, which * accounts for the fact that it is the leading country In beef exports. Russia and the United Stales must consume most of what they raise; Argentina shi"ps the greater proportion of what it ralses, not only beef cattle, but horses, sheep, wool, corn, wheat and flaxseed. At the last census, taken about twu years ago, there were 29,116,620 cattie in Argentina and about 6,000,000 in Uruguay. This is nearly all grade stock of the best English blood— Shorthorn, Hereford and Aberdeer-Angus. Argentima and Uruguay cattle are reared under conditions somewhat peculiar to the locality. They are not range cattle nor yet exactly farm cattle, and but little or no grain s fed, yvet the export steers of Buenos Aires or Montevideo are fully equal in size and will cut as mucd prime beef and as little waste as the best steers of Kuasas, Pennsylvania or southwest Virginia. Ja the central provinces of Buenos Alres, Corloba, Santa Fe, Entre Rios and Corrlentes ‘the native grasses are better and more alfalfa is grown. . These five are the principal cattle-

ticlas. When they saw tha 7ehicle in waliting the pair returned to the house and ordered amother. More than an hour elapsed d»sfore a carriage could be obtained. o When the happy but unfortunate pair arrived at the church they found, to their amazement, that the main item on the day's program would be delayed through the absence of the clergyman. : After half an hour's wailt, durfng which they wasted both their patience and time, the two were married.

@ Incident the third occurred while they were waiting for the train to take them away on their honeymoon. The husband unaccountably wandered from the bride and became Ilost in the crowd. ; e Thinking .that he was still by her side, the young woman took hold of a man’s arm and continued‘ her conversation. : : “Dear, they say love dies when you're married, but you'll always love me, won’t you, dear?” ‘ “Madam, I'm sorry, but I can’t prom-

- producing provinces, as they are also the principal grain producers. Next to these come l.a Pampa, Santiago and Salta, each of which _provinces carries from about 700,000 to 1,000, - 000 cattle. Then come San Luis, Mendoza, La Rioja and Catamarca, averaging about half of these numbers. In the north, Misiones, Formosa and El Chaco, and in the south Rio Negro -and Chubut are rapidly becoming important cattle districts. Even San Juan and ‘Neuquen, on the Andean slope, and Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego, in the extreme south, are finding that cattle as well as sheep can be raised with profit. In fact, there is but little territory in the Argentine Republio - which is not suitable for either cattle or sheep. Beef s exported from the La Plata region on the hoof, as saited or as meat extracts, and ~frozen in quarters. . England is the principal market for South. American beef. The frozen-meat industry in the Argentine Republic has grown up since the closing of the English market to live caltle. , ; ~ln the yvear 1908 the Argentine Republic exported 60,916 head of live beef cattle, threefourths of which went to Chile. It exported 12,295,784 quarters (573,946 whole beeves) of frozen beef, and from the salting works 155.400 beeves as;salt beef, meat extract or jerked beef. ; ‘ ’ In this latter industry Uruguay in addition exported 754,300 and southern Brazil 425,000 head, respectively. : : ~ As a field for investment in the cattle industxjy ‘the La Plata region- offers the very best of chances. In fact, it is without a riva’, and will remain such until a like enterprise and capital which has there produced such marvelous results shall seek a new opportunity on the Oronoco and in the upper Amazon country. : . The field for cattle growing is large: there need be no scarcity though the United States should cease to export and become an jm. porter of meat.

No Corsets at West Point Col. K. B. Collins, a retired army officer who was seen at the Raleigh, in discussing West Pointers said to a reporter of the Washington Herald: - “I have often heard a question as to whether West Pointers wore corsets. It is absurd, in a way, because should any effeminate youngster resort to such a thing it would be an impossibility to keep the affair a secret, and, once known, his school life would become a burden to him on account .of the endless amount of criticism he would receive from his fellows. He would be made the laughing stock of the -school and would soon find himself the possessor of any number of effeminate nicknames that would grate upon his ears in any but a pleasant manner. “It is true,” continued the old soldier, “that many West Pointers acquire a figure the perfection of symmetry and a carriage the acme of manly grace, but these are due not to any ingenious appliance, but to the systematic drills and. exercises that make every cadet, to .a certain extent, an athlete. :At the outset these young fellows are put through what are called the ‘setting up’ exercises, their object being to straighten the body and develop the chest. One might suppose that it would require a great amount of such exercise to make any marked showing, but three long hours of such exercise daily will soon produce ber. - ficfal results in the most stooped forms. The cadet uniform is also a great help in this direction. The dress coat is tight, very tight. The shoulders are.heavily padded in order to give them a square effect. The chest is made thick, so that there will be no danger of wrinkling. And in size, a new dress coat seems always to be designed for a boy several sizes smaller than the one who is to wear it. A new dress coat, in fact, is always a source of suffering to its owner. When he first puts it on, it buttons readily about the neck, but seems to lack about six inches at the waist. The owner may squirm and wrig gle and attempt to reduce his waist to a mini mum circumference, but his maiden efforts are never sufficient to button the new dress coat. Experience is a great teacher, though, and the young fellow laughingly requests one or two friends to lend their assistance, and with their combined tugging and squeezing he finally succeeds in buttoning the coat. All this for the sake of logks; comfort has no place in the makeup of a West Pointer; it is discipline and looks"” . - s

ise,” sald the man, %erning around “My wife might object.” Just then her husband appeared.— Philadelphia Times. . Toads Feast on Honey Bees. As the toad rather enjoys feasting on the honey bee laden with honey his appetite ‘should be considered. The toad in the aet of catching his game remains on the ground, never springs into the air, and bees may be protected by setting the hive well above the ground.—Fur News.

NIT Bok M, I FKARM By Witlim O~ WS e g'?, “gvi s el

i Coal ashes are of no value to your zarden. 2 i Grow plenty of hay, and some wheat | and oats. L * { Chicks in a large run will exercise ‘more and hence keep warmer and | healthier. } Do’not feed the young chicks any3thing for at least thirty-six hours after ihatching. . : | g : i‘ Diversified farming and crop rota- ! tion are the best.antidotes for farm ' mcrtgages. : l Youl drinking water and filthy }drinking vessels are a prolific source ]ot trouble.’ !~ The boar - should always hqve a ! large lot to himself, and never be con;ﬂned in dark, damp quarters.

Rape is sometimes sown on corn ground just preceding the last cultivaJdon, and with timely rains the rape ~ill furnish a great deal of pasture after the corn is harvested. :

The farmer who has all the land he san well tend to has no need of more and. He would be much happier with 1 reasonable amount of land, only snough so that it can be well imaroved, fertilized and cultivated. i

Some make a practise in setting out in apple orchard to plant peach trees yetween the rows of apple trees, alowing the short-lived peach tree to iie before the apple tree matures.

Plymouth ~Rocks, Wpyandottes or Rhode Jsland Reds will grow into hens it maturity that wiil weigh from six .0 eight pounds when fattened for market, bringing more than a dollar sach.’ i :

Horses comprise nearly 45 per cent. of the total live stock value of the sountry, their figures being $2,276,263,300, as compared with $5,138,486,000 ‘or horses, milch cows, cattle, swine, sheep and mules. ‘

In :the sclecting and: buying of cattle select the most healthy looking animals, and then determine ‘positively . with the tuberculin test as to whether or not they are free from tuberculosis.

If you have a patch of rye use it as a soiling crop for cows. You can begin to cut and feed it when it is about a foot high. Cut only enough at a time for two days’ feeding. and store it in the shade, where it will keep green.

The first thing is to have everything connected with the milk and milking as clean as it is possible to -make them. The other essential is to cool the milk as soon as possible after it is drawn.from the cows and hold it to a low temperature till it is to be used. : !

Many farmers milk cows of questionable cleanliness in vessels known to be impure and place the milk after milking in a warm room, often near the kitchen stove. Such milk is not only unwholesome for food at any time, but it will soon sour and besome unfit for human food.

Give the hen a good dusting with Insect powder two or three times durIng incubation, and a good one as she comes off with the chicks. Lice are a great enemy of young chicks, hence care must be taken with the sitting hen and her nest to see that no lice sreed during incubation. .

Do not leave the cows out in the lot, as warin weather comes on, but keep them at nights in their accustomed stalls with plenty of soft, dry bedding It is more convenient to milk a cow fn her usual stall than in an open lot, where she may wander about at will or be disturbed by the other cows.

The pen of breeding fowls should be furnished with clean nests and the eggs gathered with clean hands. No grease or oil of any kind must touch them. Eggs should be gathered frequently and stored in a mild and not too dry place to prevent them from chilling and losing moisture. They should be turned daily while held and set as soon as possible. Fresh eggs are most fertile. :

' The ground for the future bean e¢rop is usually, if possible, fall or winter plowed, or at least plowed very early in the spring. Soils producing good corn crops grow fine beans. An ideal bean soil is a sandy clay loam enriched by barn fertilizers, or clover sods, and as it loves a loose, deep soil, although shallow rooted, a manured clover sod put to corn the season before and well tilled proves an ideal place for the growth of the bean.

Before attempting to churn be sure and ripen the cream properly. Do not mix any fresh cream with that which i{s intended for churning, within at least 12 hours before churning. Don’t forget that sweet and sour cream does not cburn alike, and if mixed just at churning time the butter contained In the sweet cream would go out in the buttermilk when the sour cream portion would be finished churning. Don’t fail to stir the:cream gently at intervals while ripening, so that it will all ripen nniformly. =

A cléan cornfield honors and profits its owner. s 2Ry - o Turning under cowpeas adds humus to the soil{ | oA An acre of good land - will grow many tons of stock beets, : ‘Warm weather is coming and you will need a good, cool place for milk and cream. 3 S . Many farmers make the mistake of planting their apple trees too closeitogether. : - An easy way to secure new’ g_x:zii)e vines is to propagate them by layering. ’ ST The use of fine stock on the average farm is only the exercise of good juagment. IR il Keep dusting the vaetri'ng hen v_i’ith insect powder, before and after she ratches her -chicks.

The careful man will turn -and examine the udders of all his ewes intended for breeding. TR

Never allow the fowls .to drink from a stream into which the poultry vards and barn yards drain.. .

The number of hogs per acre depends on the stand of clover, the season and the earliness of turning in.

The man who desires large- profits from his flock should provide it with the best that good management will produace. - R

If you have no silo and cannot build one this year then plant an acré_or more of beets or other roots for winter green feed for the dalry cows.

Select a dairy breed of cattle whose product and offspring will bring thé highest possible price in any market, and you will surely be successful in dairying. : : _

But sometimes the large gray louse gets into the head and under the wings of the chicks, then it is best to rub these parts with grease of some kind. Lard and carbolic acid is good.

Developing of new sections in several of the states .of the middle west for dairy purposes in itself will' call for more extra dairy -cows that all the country can possibly furnish. °

A nhixed graln ration of corn. &nd oats, when fed with. clover hay, is more efficient than a single grain ration of corn for producing large gains in an 84-day feeding period.

Do not put more than 50 chicks in one brooder, or one compartment, and better results will be secured with a. smaller number. Overc¢rowding is the cause of many deaths in the brooder. ) '

Look well to a supply of autumn bloomers by planting a bed or asters.. The aster has an almost endless variety of colorings and blooms when most other flowers are past their season of beauty. . o

Clover hay, when fed with a mixed grain ration of corn and oats, is more efficient for producing gains than timothy hay. In this test clover hay produced 58 per cent. more gains than timothy. : :

While box stalls are safer than sins gle stalls for stabling horses, they are also more expensive and do not offer merits not possessed by single stalls so far as they may influence the horse in taking on flesb. - _

It is not reasonable to expect strong and healthy chicks from immature, weak and unhealthy parents. . Standard, healthy and vigorous breeding stock is the foundation of successful hatches. e

With favorable soil and climatia conditions good crops of rape may be obtained from broadcast seeding, but whenever there is any danger. of tha surface soil becoming very dry dur. ing the time the seed 1s germinating or when land is at all foul, drilling will give much better results. -

Grapes propagated from layering come true to name. Hence when you start new grape plants in' this way choose canes from your best varieties, Well-rooted young grape ~plants will begin to bear the third year after sets ting in a permanent row and with good cultivation and general good care, including proper annual pruning, they will bear good fruit every year. {ncreasing in prcduc‘tiveness,wit,h age.'

In resetting pilants it is of permas nent importance to place the roots in the soil in as natural a position as possible, a little deeper than they grew in the original bed, making the goil hold them fast, fan shaped and firm. Holes toc deep or holes toa shallow are both objectionable, the one hzing too apt not to be closed at the battom, the other forcing the rootu into a matted condition. :

The way to reeclaim a gully or aR unnecessary ditch in a fleld is to fill it with trash and keep it filled. The trash wfll hold it from washing any wider cr- deeper and will gradually catch &'l soil snd sediment that washes iato it. By and by it will be come filled with trash and soil and when' the trash decays this soil will become the best Iln the field—deep, porous and full of the best avallabla plant foods. : Ca

The alfalfa plant !s not at all partio ular as to climate, but it has a very decided preference for certain’ kinds of soil. It is capadle of ¢nduring extreme drought and if there ig either natural or artificial «irainage it thrives where the raingall is heavy, but it will not grow in ground that is saturated with water or on the surface of which water ever stands for -more than a few hours at a time. Neither will it do very well where there is an impervious subsoil withip several feel of the surface. o

BYRNE SAYS BASEBALL IS A POOR PROFESSION FOR YOUTH TG CHCOSE - By BOBBY BYRNE.: | tCopyright, 1910, by Joseph B. Bowles.)’ You ask me to tell how [ happened to get into baseball as a profession in order to heip young and aspiring players. If they asked me 1 would tell them everything I could to kecp them from starting. Not that | knock the profession, but I think it is 4 poor one’ to ‘choose, not because of the life itself, but because of {ts temprations and hardsliips, and, worse than that, the small chances of being really suecessful. . : - If 1 had it to do over aagin | do not think [ ever would become a profes. sfonal ball player, in spite of the fact that I love the game and love to play it. [ think 'a young fellow would dg better to devote himself tc some other line than to take the chances of success in the national game, for even when he wins he_loses. I wanted to be & ball player and was educated at the gdme in a good school, on the lots around St. Louis. 1 think that ball players develop faster when they are in the neighbtorhoo. of some major leagie team. One or two of the p)ayers'on a “prairie] team are at every game the big leagues play. They see ‘how the game is played, and Leing, at that age as imitative as monkeys, they work the same thipgs on their own teams and teach all tne o¢ther boys. 1 have noticed that when any ‘city has' a pennant winning club the quality of baseball played by the boys and the amateurs in that vicinity is mueh improved. e The first regular team I made was the Arcades at Springfield, Mo.. which was quite a team, merely because we had .one fellow who knew the game well and could teach us. [t is easiar to teach boys than to teaca men, as they will obey without & tht*ngrx/i! they think the leader knows what he is-doing. [ picked up the gume rapidly. The hardest thing I bad to learn was _when .to throw. [ think I must have thrown away half tha games we played before I Icarned not to throw when .there was no chance to get the runner. 1 think that {z one of the .rst things a young player shoulid learn; to look before he throws and only throw when he has a chanve to make a play. The next thing. it "seems to me, is to learn to handle one’s feet-and to keep in the game all the time, and be in position 10 move when the balt is hit or before. I played around in the Trolley league’ at ‘St. Louis, and then took a chance and went to Shreveport, La.. where [. -made good right off the reel. I started well, but got to thinking that the old heads down there were not as good as the “kids” in the Trolley league, until they began to show me things I never had heard about -Luckily | had

e P -?-m’;‘::_.:a),’:";;‘;.‘-_.i‘;;‘.- % o, S ot R L RYV Y N < ,é,:‘,: - ’;“.,,; g ¢ ~ N U Bobby Byrne. -sense enough to see they were right and I followed them. The first thing I knew I was back in the big league at St. Louis. The biggest thing I had learned was that, no matter how far a fellow gets up in the business, there still is a-lot he does not know, and by dint of wat-hing and learning I held on, and still am learring and willing to learn. When I know: it all I'll quit, or be released. UMPIRE SHERIDAN QUIT ; BECAUSE EYES ARE BAD i i John F. Sheridan, the American league umpire, who suddenly announced his intention of quitting the game just before the contest between Washington and New York recently, told- President Johnson at Chicago that his eyes are going back on him and that as he would have to wear glasses, he had decided.to quit the game for good. Mr. Johnson sent tha umpire to an eye specialist and hopes that Jack can be influenced to don umpire togs again. : “An accident common to ball players started me on the downward path - path of umpiring,” says Sheridan. “In youth I aspired to be a hold atlletc. ‘and got along very well until T went to Chattanooga, Tenn., to play second base with a pig iron arm. That was in the spring of 1885. lEarly in the season they used the acid test on the arm and it. was a case of tin can for me. They had passed the iron age in Dixie. Henry Grady, the silvertongued statesman, was president of the Southern league at that time. Hs, must have thought my voice sounded ripe for the business, so he offered me a soft snap umpiring at $75 per month. I needed the money, but had I known then what I know now [ would not have needed the money. Sometimes a fellow can get along without - it. However, I was a youngster far from my sunny California home, and the $76 per looked good before 1 got busy. I was assigned-to Macon, (a., as the society papers say, and ] umpired since then.” . Naps Get New College Player. The Naps recently landed a new outfielder, a college player named James H. Rutherford. Rutherford starred with . the Cornell 'varsity team last year and again this season. Scout BBam Kennedy put his stamp of approval on the youngster after seeing him under fire in a couple of big col-