Ligonier Banner., Volume 45, Number 16, Ligonier, Noble County, 7 July 1910 — Page 2

s P : ’ : i * v;,_;,;.‘:ytﬂ, b 2 Wl ks o 3 e S Y 2P K&QM’F N B g & oy ey ; 08 y W Pt LERE oty o i G 0 e L RO S T 5 Y (RS St ﬁt % 1 $ A TR g vy . : % bR 21§ -2% 2 £ 3 b R N / g . NAkg St foy 1 R v LS On Gy e LRk R RS A (T gl Al s % - 'l)‘\ ~L . ! G =OB 0 e {7 b . -2 o i RCo Y - Yng! P 5 ' & ':,»W/‘&?l?“,;‘ % ¥ \*?J P A 3 b HSR e R T RS ET ey P 7T, RMR TS E | 3 yé:" e AR sR RN AR e O% Yol 1757, ST B AR P S P Gl T i A A LA e S T e haehe |BS: : o ; B S R e A R @ ; ] e § o , 3n“ - o <7 " 5 : /ﬂvz;v‘fa.“"’_-: 4%?53\‘ 2 N R A R g R R S S . s ~‘%,‘_M:»«-;,\“‘X'“‘; b J J ‘’} kR e BVh S e o o ég‘ 3 S & Wiy A ‘ ) Tty RN ¢ 3 %A ',‘;. - AR NG ’~‘.'/ l T R § L R e E - V] & bt < S ; f R ioe» VAR it T e . e & - RO P s eay d j,@» it "‘ g‘% i B& s S : L P !s' e 3 ”’g;;’ PO R XIS RLI : b P 1T S S e T / .W a 3 g‘,i};;% ARG e e sg‘f £l k& .g;r@,».;j;e;f; A A & BT :_-;_‘7,1;4_3:.;::;;. ¥ OIVER 1Y DRESS, READY TO DESCEND ‘

m_HE HISTORY of the pearl and pearl 1/ M fisheries in America.bégms-with the k. - discovery of the western world by O '\ Columbus, who wrote glowing ac‘3 O counts to Queen Isabella of the beaus tiful necklaces and bracelets of 0 ; : pearls which he found the Indians " ,)'fm% of the Gulf of Paria and Cariaco in \g'mﬁmml’ Venezuela wearing and which they \‘.’,.”.',;/ s 0 eagerly -exchanged for broken \".."'" bits of gaudily decorated Valencian 0(80 _plate. In the’account of his third - voyage in 1498 he wrote that on entering the Gulf of Paria “the natives came to the ship in countless numbers, many of them wearing pieces of gold on their breasts and some with hracalets of pearls. on their

arms—which they in-. formed me were to be prccured in their own neitthborhood.” As evidence of the truthfulness of his statements he sent the queen an immense peari of exquisite orient, -weighing over 300 grains, taken from these waters. - When Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isth mus of Panama in 1513, he. found -the Indians ‘along the shores of the Gulf of -St. Michael (now the Bay of Panama) colfeeting - pearls from orsters washed " ashore dur ing violent storms. as well as diving for them a short -distaace from the shore. ‘ : . When Hernando Cortez In 1526 discovered Lower California he found the natives wearing many ‘beautiful . pearls taken from the waters of the Gulf of California. History tells us that when

Montezuma alighted from hig regal palanquin, “blazing with burnished gold and overshadowed by a canopy of gaudy featherwork powdered with jewels and fringed with silver,” to grant audience to Cortez, his cloak and golden- - soled sandals were sprinkled with pearls and other precious jewels = The pampered. favorites of the rulers of Egypt and Rome valued their. precious pearls from the Indies no maore highly than did the -Indlan women of the Aztecs of Mexico or the Incas of Peru. When the king of Spain made Hernando de Soto governor of Cuba with commission to conquer Florida the latter penetrated into the country of the Yuckees along the _Savannah river in Florida to their chief vil- ~ lage, Cufitatehiqui, where he found their queen wearing great strings of pearls. The queen in welcoming the Spanish explorer to the hos-’ ipitalities of her nation even removed one of the most beautiful of her pearl necklacss and threw it around his neck. . “Thus the Spaﬂards were not -disappointed in their expectations of finding pearls among other treasure they sought to obtain from the natives of the new world, and such adventurers as Ponce de Leon, Panfilo de Navarez, Ca--beca de Vaca, Hernando de Soto, Coronado, and numerous others. were lured on by this hope. : A member of Sir Walter Raleigh’s expedition collected from the natives of Virginia over 5,000 pearls, of which he chose “as many as made a fayre chaine,” and the Indians of the Mississippi wore bratelets and earrings of fine pearls, which, as Father Louis Hennepin wrote, “they gave us to understand they . rei celved in exchange for their calumets from natives inhabiting the coast of the great lake to the soutliward,-which I take to be the Gulph of Florida.” ; ‘ { For the sake of comparison of the principal pearl fisheries 6f the Americas with those of the old world, both as-to wealth of production and methods employed, a short description of the oldest and richest fisheries in the world, those of Ceylon, is given. These are located In the Gulf of Manar, off the western shore of Ceylon and to the south of the island of Manar and on the Madras side near Tinnevelly. The Macedonians of Greece obtaiqed pearls from% ‘the Persian Gulf and the Ptolemies’ slaves| worked the fisheries of the Red sea from where, undoubtedly, the famous pearl came that Cleopatra is supposed to have ground up and drunk in wine to her lover. - | The old methods employed on<the Ceylon fisheries’ and which continued up until a few years ago are the most interesting. The pearlt; oyster beds are under the supervision of government inspectors, who regulate the fishing, When a bed is to be fished over, announceme:qj’ of the fact is published beforehand, the season -usually beginning the first part of March and continuing from four to six weeks, according

Histqrica’l Reﬂlicsé of Value

Numerous Souvenirs of the Great Revolution Recently Unearthed ; ‘in New York.. Datfng back‘to the days when the British and essians camped on Washington Heigkts in’ New York, a large oollectiop of relice which have been

AR Y e 5 oX\ S _PN SRR S 0e R I I T g # ReaPPr e SRR RIS RICE R ORI TR ST Rt o R ”‘ eRE eR e a : 2 R B X R A R R eeRN S S RN SR i s 5 W%ﬁ%&» el e v < SPOR G e T eR T e D : Co Ve Te e B s S TR v v R SRR S e T ‘ S T THE G ; S TN T o ING d Wﬂ].}(j/y - T i

SRS &LiWT et ol SN, ¢ R e e WO ; O\ 7 FOLLYT 6 NOW "Zonm = e A S M o " B 0 WHO R g T 0?: , : X DIVER: oo THE ; ¥ ALON 1 - # O .74 - S 8“5! § . . & ~ 3 ; . | | 2 . ?/5 & Moo, £ld & : : S £ootesd B : S e At NSRS g - ; SO g e ¥ = ;” oy e G / 3 Fi B ) RS et o §ag ‘.f"ﬁ( Sy O ve R 3 3 i £ 3 Gt e ; . T £ ; i S Ne A K y 3 B M TN R R SR TN AN f o et “Q“ File R AR . - (N “,‘?: _;:.~"f{\, e 1 - R BRI X S ede TTR e Y Yoy o D | N e S % SD, B* $ e SRR SR Lot TR A ppg RN 3 raEhT e . SAR R CToan TSRN, S WTR SRR SR N R T R R B e O SRR -\.*’%\%& ¥ \‘mﬁ O S B G R »“\““"‘““;\\‘, § ﬁg. vTR A SRR SR TR : ki N 3 ““&3& = m‘; - R M o ‘@ﬁ,ﬂ__:?‘}. W TRAE R NR T WSS s SRR SRR TR eR TR SRR GO S SN i S oone SRS GRRN R R R L LR T B e Pl o e :Vm TAR R e R S SN QR B v »\u.-.:q:_‘.?f..e:"“&, SR RR B RSR e ee G R -?m. e R RTR R R S e eSO e e R R R R T RR R R SRR A N i Ll eet R e Sl S RN ilk DIVER LY DRESS OESCENDING TO THE PEARL BEDS —

to the condition of the bed. Fishing boats and divers from the neighboring coasts of Malabar, native Indians, Malays, Arabs, Polynesians and .pearl merchants by the thousands from all parts of India assemble shortly before the appointed day until as many as 25,000 people are gathered on the fishing grounds. At midnight, when the wind freshens, the boats start for the banks in groups of 50 to 70, so as to arrive there before sunrise. Each boat carries from ten to twelve divers, who work in pairs, one diving while the other tends the signal line, and who relieve each other from time to time. At sunrise a signal gun is ‘fired and the fishing begins. The diver usually carries a stone or other weight of about 50 pounds attached to the haul line to facilitate his rapid descent, and in addition carries a basket made fast to the girdle about his waist in which he places the oysters as found. Some divers working in shallower water use no weight in descending, but while at work at the bottom make good use of both hands and feet to seize upon and wrench loose any oyster seen within the limited area over which they can work. The diver who works without diving apparatus and who is called a “head diver,” working in from 35 to 45 feet of water, which is the average, can make from 40 to 50 descents in a morning and can bring up from 15 to 30 oysters each trip. The native Indian, Malay and Polynesian divers remain under from 50 to 80 seconds, according to the depth at which they are .working, but some can stand a much longer submergence. ;

At the firing of another signal gun about noon the diving is suspended and the boats race ashore and beach, ready for unloading. On their arrival there the oysters are carried into the government corral and there piled into three heaps, each boat’s load being kept separate, the government taking two heaps or two-thirds of the catch and the remainder being divided among the divers and the crew, the divers usually receiving the largest portion. There are about 4,500 divers at work, the daily catch averaging 1,000,000 oysters, which are often found clustered closely together.

The government’s share is then auctioned off by the inspector in lots of 1,000 and usually bought up by small merchants, divided into smaller lots, and resold. . The true Indian diver never descends without first providing for attack against sharks or other dangerous fish by invoking immunity through the shark charmer’s incantations, a hereditary endowment among the East Indians, one of these charmers usually accompanying each 'boat. Aside from this_danger, which in these waters, however, is coﬁ'baratively_ small, the diver working under a tropical sun and exposed to rheumatism and often paralysis is usually a short-lived man. ; Up untill a few years ago this was the

found in various parts of upper Manhattan will be placed on exhibition in the old Jumel mansion. The relics—shot, buttons, bayonets and various [ pieces| of rusted metal, which at one time ﬁormed part of the equipment of tha sdldiers of King George lll—were collectied by Messrs. R. P. Bolton and W. L. Calver, amateur antiquarians, who llive in the vicinity of the Wash t

2 ‘ . ‘., o L . P w 0 @ \“4- (:"’\-‘)) L) e L T . QL I EEo | Oo ‘8 5 T 0 . S T R I, T e n G e e o 0 AeBT A 0. A SRR i e e s i R e -0 e L T GG RN, N "("7&;_*s : o o Eowein 1131;«%" B R e . 0 %. V F(E NTR TBe 0 - ‘t;g‘:t‘-&w‘ o P = o° 00 O[|E e ﬁ‘%&« ST e - sy 20 ° o_,O - e 4.{:% i“z, T : "‘"'ﬂ-x.; .. ] 0 : . o YN O ¢ SR T “:*L QWL ah g o N T e L P _;!,g,\:wgﬁ:‘l‘ ,:{‘;&g&g' i HA SUTEA L s . iR ; AT T R s g;a' M*ﬁ"’ ol G e L »’*«“,";ﬁ, B ~,‘::’6’o{:» A 4 SR o 0 L g eot R g il L T, et RGeS : ; eok L VTR S o e, - : Al s el o Tl e opat e TL e L o ‘ / . e LB LT eNG ' L % E /7 by G S R N kg ME iy ) v, % B n‘@%*'"p:éﬁ“mw" G { PR ; 2 ‘/r' ’ - _»\\” i -.v'jnﬁ?):iyiﬁ!";ﬁ?ﬂg.,;, i ]txem'“”ﬂ‘; o . 0 BRXOWIRN % (S e ~——-Sine ¥[O 0O 2 : .1 2 2 oot N L —8 ( e :AY - ~ ¢ b o v= g o SRR N 2 DA THE WHITE DOTS SHOW THE ) O = ~ = e _ P LOCAT/OfY OF THE PRINCIPAL FPEARL ; 0O e st O e - FISHERIES OF THE AMERICAS |

3 "\ : s . s il iz o d‘ 5 ; SR Sy bo s2B\ X @ ; Gt > e Natane s e f %o, 'f féo!":?;q'/:’vj = === : ' i 2 C /__(-I\Z:a.(" - v e e\l O . oY, : . i I : iy 4 O 575 4 10 : ; A -o O ‘." ’ & 2 . \ W {I,P"‘I -’_—/ 7 . : ; 3 |‘ ‘ 0 ’ e \w"‘%‘ : : L ﬂ%‘ ‘Z&.\‘&r&x«e 3 Oi a . < 'l‘ £ A o o Q A\ o S . Lll S o W S ) ! , 1.- ; { i ‘:}. e{” 2 O A '% ' B g ST DO ‘ v} e %O N o »

lish corporation under a 20-year lease for a stipulated sum per year, in addition to the 'pmp(.r care and cultivation of the beds under government supervision. The world has never known richer pearl fisheries than those of Ceylon.. The pearls of finest orient and color come from these waters and the mother-of-pearl shell is ‘the largest and most iridescent, It was from here that La Pellegrina came, said to be the finest and most perfect pearl in existence and which weighs 1!2 grains, as well as most of the crown pedrls of European royalty. For' centuries the Indian princes have amassed great wealth in pearls and those of the Rana of Dholpur were valued at $7,500,000. : The most extensive pearl oyster grounds of the world are situated on the northern and western coasts of Australia. The richest pearl fisheries in the Americas at the present time are those of the Gulf of California, centering around I.a Paz and along the outer coast of Lower California in Mexico. These fisheries were discovered by Hernando. Cortez when he marched across Mexico in 1526. The princtpal beds are near La Paz, in the Gulf, Espiritu -Santo, Lorenzo Point, off the island of Cerrabro, lL.os Coyotes and Mulege bay, and, in fact, along the entire west coast of the Guif of La Paz to above the island of Loreto and Tiburon, on the east side. In addition to those found along the oytside coast of Lower California, pearl oyste? beds are found at points along the southern coast of Mexico and Nicaragua. : . .. Oprtez and the Spaniards after him obliged the Indians to work the La Paz .beds and to give one-tenth of their catch to the church and one-tenth to the ¢rown. The beds were soon depleted and later abandoned. Over fifty years later, after having recuperated, fishing was renewed, and it is said that a Spaniard who later worked them took yearly from them 300 to 500 pounds.of pearls, which he packed on mules and sold by the bushel. - Up to 30 years ago “buzos de cabeza,” or head divers, only were employed, but on the revival of the fisheries about this time 'modern diving apparatus was introduced and today they are being worked under concession by San Francisco firms, who employ from 800 to 1,200 men and a number of run schooners, which collect the oysters from smaller boats working on the beds and carry them to the companies’ sheds on shore, where they are opened and the pearls found sorted by passing tll:em through small brass sieves of graded Blzes. : ' 3

In the gulf the season commences in July and continues to October, but while along the unprotected outer coast it commences earlier, in March, it is terminated by the hurricanes that sweep this coast in June. : i

Most of the diving is done by divers using the most improved diving apparatus, helmet

ington Heights battlefield. : Although it is now more than 130 years since the alien troops occupied the heights, all the relics found are in an excellent state of preservation. The various buttons used by the excavators, when cleaned, show the coats of arms and other Insignia of the regiments to which those who wore them belonged. : : i Most of the relics which have recently been unearthed by the excavators have been in the ricinity of Fort‘

O . e SRR q o eAR R e O oA G R L eeseemd IR e L e L o T s VR R R A R A e 1o R e SRR R ST N Pe e e e L PeSR R R A ePR R RSR e B SRR A SRRS B -:‘\\_-h.s..’?\_\x;-‘v}f&&"%\;x,_ ("lw-\%‘:\ Q“gﬁév(“'\\g "A“\\l‘):v‘:&:kf\ P R PSS o & i %3 pesena R . é._'ﬁ\‘___,_.i_.___._..__-,._\w %‘v t ptetiieg ‘)‘\ N {\»,_“i’"ﬁ\f oR’ ".“--_.».:. RO siy o /-" NG ) o NSR R, AR RO AL MR T R SARRRCIFT SR ey | FR e N NR S RSN eoAR SN ol A S SAk- T R R SR s oG ieER T N R ety SSR aleiba eTRS S e, elt el B e ¥ T T 3 SRRt R R e o SAL ey R B eU ~ w G RN : 3 OPR y RS AI e S R R e B R M f o T R R AR e NN T e R e % mSe ‘M’ ‘; RS N FPR v-'»}'}— B RSR s & vg@ Pl “N\\ R e v;\“ ¥ “\k“;(\: -‘Q ey ; eRR, o ‘ 5 i'_»",-' AR AN AR N N s ""””M AR R S| Mg& o ‘O-4» S e ;*.:‘*&\wm:\-xa;.i;“’-’.-:‘."1"-?*""--‘-\--'-:. Qs ‘, eSSt g sR R R N e S NNo R o e SN PAR RO SRR SRR o, R e TRe e st I LR e e e Rt e R s ~;.::'*?'_}.-.:}‘ef‘-‘?i:ff\ a\,ﬁ\%‘ FOSERRRE Ge TRE R O o Sei e B L : B R e &%wev SRR eeerraom B R SR % .wk‘.:-\‘ S R ‘\&‘@\) SRR Sl eSS e b S 44"%" *s TR SR £ SR eiN R R e Be e a 0 A IS Sel et NSI PSR eN T LT RS B RN SAR S D S IRV e CRle e e e PR RA N Lx‘ A R AR SR kSRR S S AN \\\’ FRE SN a? RS 3&\& o %3,’[\"\\‘«3 \;ﬂ,‘,q,‘»\vi:i&\\a%“x e Plae st AR SRR AR RSN e QRELCIRER PR > oA RO e R e ““'\\‘%*ﬁ%“%\“‘%f\ . G el R ey ity OLUNYG ONXSTERS ARE RAISED © *° /

method employed in gathering pearls, and the British government of India derived a revenue of from $300,000 to $750,000 annually from the product. of these fisheries, but for the last few yearg they have been operated’ by an Eng-

Tryon and Marble Hill and the Washington Heights blockhouse. The equipment of the excavators is most simple, consisting solely of two shovels, a garden fork and a large sieve. From old maps made by the American sples during the early days of the Revolution, and from those made by the British themselves, the two men located the sites where the various regiments were camped on the upper end of Manhattan island. These regiments included the various Hes-

and air pumps, and is carried on in from 40 to 120 feet of water, an average depth being 60 to 80 feet. The work can only be continued from 3to 215 hours at a time, due to the tide, which along this coast has a maximum variation of over 20 feet, creating currents that make it impossible to work. for more than 1% hours before and one-ha!f to two hours after the turn of the tide. One of the great dangers of working at the bottom when a strong current is running is the risk of being carried far from the boat on rising in an exhausted condition, in the case of the head diver, or of injury by being driven against some sharp jutting rock or coral formation on which the life line might catch fast. The divers take little or no food into their stom‘achs before commencing work, as this would kinder deep breathing and make them more liable to cramps. A diver wearing 25 pounds of lead on each shoe, rubber garments and brass helmet to which are attached air tubes, signal cord and life line can remain at the bottom from one-half to three hours, according to the depth at which he is working.! The pressure is so great at 120 feet that he!usually remains under

but 10 to 15 minutes, while in 50 feet of water he might be seen moving about on the bottom for several hours : The pearl shells from these waters .are not as large as those of Ceylon, but run from 6,000 to 7,000 to the ton. The true pearl oyster, the Meleagrina of the Indian and south Pacific oceans, varies in diameter from two to eight inches, according to age, six inches being the average. One diver working with helmet and alr pump can secure as many as 15,000 oysters in a season. The greater part of the shell from the La Paz fisheries is shipped to San Francisco, while most of the pearls go to Mexico City and Paris. In 1908 the production of these fisheries ‘was valued at $5,000,000, the pearls representing $3,000,000 and the mother-of-pearl shell the balance. i . According to Dr. George F. Kunz, one of the world’s greatest authorities on pearls, a pear! of the first water should possess a perfect skin, fine orient or delicate texture, be free from specks or flaws, and be of a translucent-white color, with a subdued iridescent sheen. It should also be perfeetly spherical, or, if not, of symmetrical pear shape. White or pink pearls are the finest, owilg to their delicate sheen. Sometimes the outer|layer can be removed, the subjacent surface revealing a finer skin than the outer one, and in this way a pearl may be improved.

The Lower California pearls are of a great variety of shapes and color, round; pear shaped, button pearl or flat on one side, baroque, or pearl of irregular shape, and in color ranging from white and pink to blue, green, brown and black. Some very famous pearls of history have been taken from these waters.

With hardly an exception there are American pearls among the crown jewels of every ruler of Europe. In 1889, at the world's fair in Paris, there was exhibited a set of seven black pearls from these Mexican fisheries, valued at $22,000 at that time, and today worth much more. Onae of the largest pearls ever found here was sold in Paris to the emperor of Austria for $lO,OOO, and the Spanish government presented Napoleon 111. with a black Mexican pearl valued at $25,000. : ; In Venezuela the principal oyster beds are located ar§und the island of Margarita, which word in Spanish means pearl, and. at Cubagua, El Tirano, Gulf of Paria and Coro, Porlamar, Maracapana and Macando, so that this part of Venezuela became known to the early .Spanlards as the Pearl coast. . Of the Pearl islands of Panama bay, Rey island is the largest of the group. The only village of any size among these islands is San Miguel, as old as the fisheries themselves, the tower of its little masonry church being thickly inlaid with beautiful nacreous shells from the fishing grounds on all sides. From the United States and Canada come the fresh-water pearls, which are produced principally by the Unio, a species of mussel common to all the mountain streams throughout the country, although a pearl may be found in any mollusk ha\?ing a nacreous interior lining. Pearls have been brought to the New York market from almost every state in the Union and Canada, principally from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Tennessee and Mississippi.

sian compgnies, the Weish Fusileers, the Third Scots Guards and the Sew enty-sixth MacDonald Highlandezs. Besides the many one-pound cannog balls used in the Hessian’s field guns, then known as the amusetts, the excavators have found many of large caliber. One of them weighed fortyeight pounds, and another thirty-two pounds. = ‘

The bayonets, which are the most recent finds, were dug up two feet be low the ground, near Inwood.

A Corner in Ancestors : By ELEANOR LEXINGTON n Moore Family )

In Gaelic the word for great or large, also powerful and chieftain, is more or mhor. Variations of the word are moir, moor and moore. The appellation, was without doubt . given originally to men by reason of their great stature or high station. For .nearly 12 centuries rulers of Scotland were Mores by name or descent. If “*Mores,” why not “Moores?”’ Doubtless the names were exchangeable, for a certain one—a hero of romance, or of face—was “More-of More Hall,” and he was also called “Moore of Moore Hall.” The name is also spelled Moor and Mooer, also Mooers. Another theory accounts for the .?3';:"‘-,; RN L SRR ety i | L 7 WX B WY Moare na:irle i_n‘this way—lt was first given to one living on, or near a moor, and ‘was Atmoor, or Amoor, also Atte More, and de Mora. Muir is a Saxon word meaning healthy ground. Westmoreland ‘means Western heélthy land. : ) In French, Moore is More, Maur, and the variants are Moreau and Maurey. In German, it is Mohr; in old German, Mor, Moor, Maw: and Mauri. We may fairly say that there has always been a Moore in Virginia. Sir George and Mr. John Moore "were members of the Virginia parliament. Andrew of Augusta, now Rockbridge county, -was captain in the revolution, and member of the state (Virginia), convention that ratified the constitution of the United States. He was elected to the first congress and was

{ Freeman is a name which speaks for itself, as far as its significance is | concerned. He who assumed it as a ';surname,;, was a freeman—lliber nomo | —John le Freeman, say, and not John | le Blonde.

Frewoman and Frewif; or Frenife, are forms found in ancient records. The name is of good old Anglo-Saxon derivation. Variations are Le Fremans, Fremund and Fremond, also Franchome and Fraunchomme, which look Ilike very distant cousins indeed. Fireeman and Ffreeman are of frequent occurrence in colonial records. Old eeats of the family are Fawley Court, Henley-upon-Thames, Oxford and the Freemans have lived at Yorkshire, and Shakespeare’s home, Stratfordnpon-Avon\. since time was. ~ The great history of “ThggNorseman Conquest,” was written by the historian of the family—Edward Freeman. One Thomas Freeman “set up for a poet,” and was a friend of Shakespeare’s. *“Mrs. Freeman” was the .duchess of Marlborough’s alias, when in intimate correspondence with her royal mistress, Queen Anne, whom she addressed as “Mrs. Morley.” Edmund or Edmond Freeman came over in the Abigail, 1635, with sons and daughters, and lived first at Lynn, or helped to settle it. Samuel, who came over in Gov. Winthrop's fleet, was a proprietor of Watertown, and is called a brother of Edmund, who had the foresight to provide himself with “plate-armor.” He would show those Indians something of the science of war. The armor, 20 pieces in all, was soon presented to the colony, and is probably still treasured as a relic. <

The Freemans have been conspicuous as founders of towns. In the records of the first church of Newark, N. J.,, Stephen is mentioned as “of the company' from Milford, Conn., for settling a town on the Passaic.” One of the proprietors of Syracuse, N. Y., was Joshua, born in Duchess county. He is called the man above all others who promoted the growth of Syracuse. He died in North Carolina, 1848. ~ Among immigrant ancestors, we may mention Rev. Bernardus Freeman, who came from Holland. He was perhaps of the Puritan band, and born in England. The tradition regarding another is that he came over ir 1735, in Thomas Chalkley’s ship to Philadelphia. His name has not been found on the records. s

Those who trace back to Samuel of Watertown, born 1657, strike a pretty

Too Quick for ’Em. When “Pete” Dailey, one of the wittiest actors of his day, passed away, the whole theatrical profession was in mourning. On the morning of his funeral a group of his old friends sat in a Broadway cafe, gloomily consuming high balls and recalling stories of the big-hearted actor. “Well, Pete was the best this business ever produced,” said one of the bunch. “If there is a heaven I know old Pete is up there by this time.” “] don’t think Pete'd c¢are much for

United States senator. Andrew. had |a romantic history, if we could only linger over it. It began-by his being cast away upon a desert isle, but just like a novel, it all came out right, and he was among the first to shoulder arms in '76. ' S : The Moores have always been to ;tbe fore in North Carolina. Alfred, ;judge of the supreme court, who died in 1810, was a revolutionary- patriot, ‘who sacrificed a large fortune for the cause. -He served in the army, witht the rank of captaim: . ) . At his death he was possessed of a | considerable estate. Bartholomew | Figures Mogre was called the father .of the Ninth Carolina bar. i S In South Carolina the Moores had.a grant of 2,400 acres, near Charleston, on Foster’'s creek, or to give it its Indian name—Appee-hee creek. Boo-chaw-ee and Wepensaw were names of estates belonging to the Moores. One of the founders of the family in Pennsylvania was John Moore, jurist, born in England, 1658. ‘He died in Philadelphia, 1732. He was called the son of Sir Francis Moore, whose father, Sir John Moore, was knighted by Charles 11. ’; e ) Moores lived in Chestei‘county, and from there some of thesfamily went to Kentucky. - Marriage connections, of the Pennsylvania branch, include the Kings, Sargents, Bells, - Jessups, Stouts and Burroughs. ) The family were early settlers at Bordentown; N. J.; at Richmond, N. Y., and in New England, where we find them in Maine, taking part in the French and Indian war; -at Andover, N. H.; Bellows. falls, Vt.; Palmer, Oxford and Rochester, Mass.. The first president of Amherst -college was Zephaniah Moore, born 1770, in Massachusetts. o . . John Moore of Dorchester was a freeman, 1630. Later, he . lived at Windsor, Conn., where he died in 1677. ’Hi_s son John had land at Simsbury, |stll owned by descendants. - Capt. l'l‘homas of Phillips War was of this { line. Andrew of Windsor and wife, | Sarah Phelpes, or Phelps, "had nine Echildren. Marrjage connections of this { branch include the Winchells, Sanders é and Hurlbuts. : l The coat-of-arms re oduced is blaz!one(l: Argent, a ﬁ(r)orcock,’ sable, | combed and wattled, gules. . !' Crest:. On a tuft of grass, vert, a moorcock -sable, combed and wattled, ! gules. il ‘ Motto: - Nihil utile quad non honestum. This is the coat-armor ascribed to Gov. Moore of South Carolina,*l7oo. The Moores of Berkshire; England, bear the same arms, and the date of ‘the creation is May 21, 1627—arms, crest and motto. Another Moore motto lis: In Deo confide. :

Freeman Family

good ancestor, if it's societies and the like they wish to join, for Samuel was a member of militia, a selectman, and for 19 years representative. o Revolutionary ancestors to look up, are Lieuts. Jeremiah, Haskall and Thomas of Massachusetts;, and Brig. Gen. Nathaniel of the same state, who filled nearly every office in the gift of his native town, Sandwich. "

The Maine branch was founded by Enoch, born 1706, and descendant of Samuel the first. Col. Enoch—to give him his title—was a graduate of Har-

0& ;.,“ _ A 3 K“-\ ¢ L/ "&\" N\ \-. .‘; Z PO = (A NS o q ST o 7 "'} e \\ &= /i = i » = e ] s — Gy " o N io s > qggg P T G | Freeman | vard. ‘He held various offices; for many years he was judge of the probate court, and in 1748 he was a naval officer. : i One marriage connection traces back, through the Sears family of Massachusetts, to Gov.. Winthrop. In “Americans, of ‘Royal Descent,” we find that lineage .may be traced to Henry 1.,, Philip 111. and Louis VIIL of France, and King John of England. ~ Any scoffer who derides such ancestry doubtless cannot boast of a king with a crown on his head anywhere on his family chart. The arms illustrated is azure; three lozenges; or. - 0 C . Crest, a demi-lion ranipant, gules, holding between his paws, a-lozenge. Motto—Liber Et Audax—Free and bold. : e : The lozenge, like all square figures, denotes honesty, wisdom, probity, and it is also a token of noble hirth. This coat-armor is attributed to the pilgrim ancestors, Edmund of Lynn, and Henry of Woodbridge, N. J.,, and its fac-simile in etchings and embroidery has been handed down from generation to generation. e g

heaven,” remarked another, “I'm afraid his ‘stuff’ ’d be too quick for those angels.” _ The Streamer Ticket. “Thein railways haven’t much consideration for the boys that sell newspapers an’ magazines,” said Farmer Corntossel. g “What makes you think so?" “I bought a ticket last weeX to visiy my son-in-law out west. It had enough readin’ matter on it to keep me in: terested all the time | wasn't eatin

THAT CANADIAN TRIP SHOULD NOW BE TAKEN. If you had intended going to Canada for the purpose of purchasing land on which to establish a home and accompanying some land cowmpany, whose holdings you proposed to look over Or to g 0 4up on your own account to select one hundred ard sixty acres of. land free, you should delay no longer. <Corn-planting is over, your wheat crop is well ahead, and you have a few weeks’ time before you are. Tequired in the fields again. Now make your intended trip. Reports at hand show that the crop prospects in Canada were never better than they are today. The eool weather has not affected the crop, but if anything, it has been a benefit. There has been plenty of moisture and those who have had their land properly prepared look upon this year as likely to be one of the best they have had. A great many are going up this seascn who expccet to-pay two or three dollars an acre more than they were asked to pay last year. Others who wish to homestead are prepared to go farther from the line of railway than would have been necessary last year. Still it is worth it. So it will be with you. Next year lands will be higher-priced and homesteads less accessible. There is a wonderful tide of immigration to Central Canada now. It is expected that one hundred and fif‘y thousand new settlers from the United States will be numbered by the end "of the present year, an increase of fifty per cent over last year. In addition to this there will be upwards of one hundred thousand from the old country, which does not include those who may come from the northern. countries of the Continent. These all intend to settls upon the land. The reader does not require an answer to the questions, “Why do they do it?"” “Why are they going there in such farge numbers?” Western Canada is no longer an experiment. The fact that one hundred and fifty million bushels of wheat were raised there last year as against ninety-five millions the year previous, shows that the tiller of the soil in Central Canada is making money and it is safe to say that ‘he is making more money than can be made anywhere else on the ‘Continent in the growing of grains. He gets good prices, he has a sure and a heavy crop, he enjoys splendid rail--‘way- privileges, and he has also’ the advantages of schools and churches and such other social life as may be found anywhere. It is difficult to say what district is the best. Some are preferred to others because there are frlends already established. The Grand Trunk Paeific, on its way across the Continent, is 6pening up a splendid tract of land, which is being taken up rapidly. The other railways —the Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern - are extending branch lines into parts inaccessible a couple of years ago. With a perfect network of railways covering a large area of the agricultural lands it is- not difficult to secure a location. Any agent of the Canadian Government will be pleased to render you assistance by advice and suggestion, and a go_pd plan is to write or call upon him. The Government has located these agents at convenient points throughout the States, and their offices are well equipped with a full supply of maps and literature. - _ His Approach Heralded. The pet cat, wearing a bright red ribbon around his neck, was chatting democratically with a stray:cat, on the back verandah. “I wonder what's the matter with me, Maltese,” said the pet cat; “I can’t stalk a mouse successfully to save my lives.” ‘ “No wonder,” said the stray cat, dis dainfully, “if all your neckties are as loud as that you're wearing.” TAKE A FOOT-BATH TO-NIGHT After dissolving one or two Allen’s FootTabs (Antiseptic tablets for the foot-bath) in the water. It will take out all soreness smarting and tenderness, remove foo‘ odors and freshen the feet. Allen’'s FootTabs instantly relieve weariness® and sweating or inflamed feet and hot nervousness of the feet at night. Then for comfort throughout the day shake Allen's Foot-Ease the antiseptic powdeér into your shoes. Sold everywhere 25¢. Avonid substitutes. Samples of Allen’s Foot-Tahs mailed FREE or our regular size sent by mail}or 25c. Address Allen S. Olmsted, Leßoy, N. Y. - Koot =Tabs for Foot-Tubs.” The prune and the strawberry are uearing the neck-and-neck stage. : 4 - ‘ THE FINEST FABRIC = ¢ is coarse compared with the llnlnq of the bowels When irritated we have pains, dlarrhea, cramps Whatever the cause, take g’adnkiacr (Pervy Davis’). Some animals multiply raptdly and some snakes are adders. Mrs. Winsiow's Soothing Syrup. T e R i eSN I - How we dislike the dentist who spares no pains. % , 3

2SN ReS N CKIDNEY Z IS = Moo N T 3 A Wy g;ﬂ?\nio‘%‘]'égﬁclmli{‘ _ Uy s “Guarsn™J

A Skin dluﬂl-aﬁlof;;r; DR. T. Felix Goureud’'s Oriental Cream or Magical Beautifier. ¥ R . T =‘? \‘-F‘- Y ~,_,) 2.“».'!.'3-«-; il! ) y b :md the z .ﬁ!i 4 -3 :10.h1’1.{1.; we 5 > taste it tob PR SSOW " i RN EiEE ‘Gonrand’s P &1‘; :‘.E‘c l sb o byl e s Fome? FERD. T, HOPKINS, Prp, &7 G dsos S, how Tk