Ligonier Banner., Volume 45, Number 8, Ligonier, Noble County, 12 May 1910 — Page 2

'By Maud Ballington Booth _ The “Little Mother”. of the Pri;ons - | [_(}kryﬁes of Pri_son Auil‘iences ’

© When | talk to an audience of the free and happy about my “boys” within prison walls, 1 often wish I could show them the scenes I have witnesged in prﬂ;on after prison throughout :the length and breadth of_ our country. The hopeless, or garnest faces, that look up at me from these vast’ audiences would tell their own tale and often plead their own cause much better than my words could intercgde for théem. Thé public at Targe s so utterly ignorant of that great prison world within the walls;* that they cannot judge or speak of it with fairness. The questions which concern the prisoner—his condition, his needs, his difficulties and disadvantagds—may be argued and moralized abopt from many standpoint§j There is the standpoint of the bar, that of the. bench, of the pulpit, the laboratory, or the study, but there is .also that of the cell. From the very first it seemed to.me that the great problem, the darkest corners of the shadows, could only be fairly felt, sympathized with and understood from the standpoint of those who are suffering the penalty, those who know somethiig of the sad -bitter past and can gauge the difficulties of the hard and uncertain future.

During the 14 years that 1 have worked for and with our country's prisoners, I have sought to learn_and understand this whole question from their:viewpoint. [ have tried to p{ace myself in their position. [ have kept my: mind eclear of p‘opnlar prejudice, and have remembered that we have no right;to judge from our own per: sonal experience of life. I think [ have come. close enongh to hear the beat of many breken’ hearts, to. look beneath the surface, to feel with them

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not as an outsider, but as one of the prison world. - Perhaps this is why they have given me the sacred name of “Little Mothér,” and why I have, since then, always called them ‘my “boys,” and why, also,:in the new prisons to! which I go I find always a loving and loyal welcome, even among the many I have never met before, who have heard from others of my attitude towards them and whe believe 1 can understand that which concerns them. " 1 canpot give my readers an insight . Into that which-J have learned from the hearts of my ‘““boys” in these years of experience. To gain it, they would have -to read the hundreds and thousands of letters I have received. They ~ would have to be listeners at the hundreds of personal interviews with individuals of the prison world, and they would have to trace back their lives by visits to mothers and wives. Above all, they would have to watch lhem month after month, year after year, and see the valiant effort and steadfast endurance of the many who ‘have determined to make good against almost overwhelming trials and difficulties.. Then they would have al--80 to travel with me in countless long journeys throughout the country and meet, a 8 1 do in almost every.town, those whose bright faces I recognize, :and who hail me with the good message: “All' is well, Little Mother,” the many who are making good in the new life of freedom. ; . But I can give you just a glimpse of some of the scenes that I have looked upon, and do look upon almost €very ' Sunday of the year. - As the children say, “begin at the beginning” and'you shall see my very first prison audience. It is in far-off California. The sun is shining on a -fAower-decked land, the blue ‘waters of . the }wgy are mirroring the still more brilliant azure of the sky, while the /tiny ‘ripples that break on the shore gleam and glisten like the facets of: ‘countless precious gems. The distant mountains are shadowed by a purple haze. The near foot hills are’ emerald green save where they are - thickly powdered with tne gold of CalIfornian poppies. Meadow larks rise from the fields as we pass, with clear _sweet notes speaking of the glad life of spring. White seagulls rise and fall on lazy wings, save for an eager dash into the blue waters from which they scatter a myriad liquid diamonds. The air'is soft and Balmy, sweet with . fragrance of roses, violets, and many other unseen blossoms. It is a day when one instinctively takes deep * breaths and the words “Oh! it is good to live” break forth unbidden. But here in the midst of beaity and freedom rises a stern grey building.! We pass beneath the bastioned entrance, . we. cross the threshold, and behind us resouncs the clank of the closing iron door and the echo of shooting bolts vand turning key. What a contrast! Freedom, life, beauty without, and _here, heartache, loneliness and incarceration. - This is the prison of San Quentin. 1n & few moments we are

.seated on the flittle platform of the prison chapel, while before us crowded on the t?enches are rows and rows, and almost countless rows it seems to us, of men dressed in the stripes of shame. From beyond the barred windows that look upon the courtyard comes the shuffling sound of the lockstep, and around the chapel, with eyes ever alert, stand the armed guard. Do these things appal dur hearts the most in_ that sad-scene? Do they make the -shadows darkest and the atmosphere heavy with the impotency

to help? No! it ‘is semething more, something that tightens around our hearts, dims our eyes, and seems to cluteh at our throats. It is the expression’ of utter hopelessness, despair, or sullen desolation that can be read, all too plainly, on .those many upturned faces. Some of them are pitifully youhg. some are old and scarred and marred by the past life of desperate crime and -wickedness. Yes, 1 can see them now as if it were yesterday, and yet that was my first day's experience of a prison audience, and it ;was there in old San Quentin that 1 gave my promise to God to serve and suffer, to love ‘and hope that I might help to lift the shadow of hopelessness and bring some of heaven’s sunshine to our country’s prisoners. :

- Come with me again. -It i{s the 24th of May, 1896. 'We have entered the walls of Sing Sing for the first time. Passing the lgng galleries of 1,050 cat-acomb-like cells in the great dreary, sunless cell-house, we have gained the platform of the old chapel, all too small for the crowd that is packed into every available space. At first there is scepticism, curiosity and interest only, then a wave of emotion

sweeps over the audience, tears fill many eyes and amid the deathlike stillness, half stifled sobs are heard, telling of hearts broken but not hardened beyond the touch of love, as the old, old story of an all tender, all powerful Divine message is told. There has come the moment of decision, the call for surrendering of the old life and for a pledged uprising to seek the new. A man stands up among his fellows, pale, stern, but dauntless. A laugh, swelling into a howl of derision, sweeps around him, but he stands firm, tears coursing down his cheeks, his lips moving in prayer, and as he stands, others whose consciences have awakened, rise and stand with him, and the laughter and mockery die away in a great hush of awe. Twenty, 40, 50, have made their decision, and ‘marching back in the long striped serpentine line to their dark and dreary cells, it is with joyous faces, to a new life where hope and a strong courage are to battle with the curse and shadow of the past. That was the starting point of our league, known to-day as the Volunteer Prison league: Only 60 men in Sing Sing when | presented the first white standard emblazoned with our emblem; the Star of Hope, but it was the nucleus of great things for the future. Since that day, we have enrolled between sixty and seventy thousand.

Follow, me again. But now I can show you no hopeless or earnest faces. We have no inspiration from the-real-izatlon of the earnest appreciation of the -audience. We are in ‘a prison again, one of the oldest in thiy country, the Eastern Penitentiary, but our audience is invisible. Stand beside me at the extreme end of the long white-washed corridor, see the ironcelled doors ajar. Now let us send ringing down the bare walls and past those dreary cells the message of freedom and hope, for behind them there are eager listeners, and if we cannot see their faces we can, at least, reach their hearts that await the touch of love. - Nine times we must enter just such corridors, speaking each time to an unseen audience, if we would reach them all this Sunday morning. ' If we could look behind those bars, or into those little cells, we should see on many a prison uniform the little button which is the badge of the Volunteer Prison league.j and hanging .on the wall their name emblazoned on a certificate of membership, that : proves that they are hound together in a league of self-help and earnest living, even though so wholly separated- by prison barriers. 9

’ ~ Once niore let me take you through the heavy iron doors of a prixan. This time we are in Richmond, Va. Pre- ‘ pare for a surprise. As the doors clang behind you, look in front of you and } around you. Fifteen hundred men are gathered in the prison-yard and in the galleries that surround it on all sides. A vast throng of striped humanity! Above us s the cledr blue sky, and a }‘gleam of sunlight shines down upon the Fupturned faces. 1t is the opening of _the Volunteer prison work in this

'old prison—a prison plannel by Jet ' ferson himself and standing to-day as . it stood in tke old days when Auvon | Rurr was confined in one of its cells . But time presses, we must travel : far and fast on this last journey, and iﬂnd ourselves at length in beautiful { Louisiana. The sun shines down warm: |ly upon us. Friendly, inquisitive | mocking birds watch us from the | bushes. Grey trailing moss wreathes | the fine live oak trees. We have tak{en the road that rums from Baton z Rouge to the river bank. Arrived at | last at our destination, we leave the gcarﬂage and climb to the top of fhe { steep. levee. What a new - strange | sight meets our gaze! Is it a giant é’ anthill with battalions of those active i little workers to evhom the sluggard iwas advised by wise King Solomon { to go for an example? No! this is a | Levee Camp of Louisiana prisoners iworking on that important construci tional work that keeps the great Mis: isissippi within bounds. Here are the { mighty earth-works being built, and | from. base to summit, long number: ’ less plank walks supported by a scal ’ follding-like structure. Along these planks move, with the precision and !ordor of a drilied army corps, sev: | eral hundred men dressed in striped | ‘clothing, wheeling tull and empty !wheelbarrows. It is on active scene, | but in a moment at the word of command, it is halted and changed. Wheelbarrows and other implements are abandoned. The men quickly congregate, and as they perch themselves on the trestles and planks, we take our position below them and look up at a wall of beaming faces. We receive a right royal welcome from the ' league at the Levee Camp, and it appears that almost every man is wearing the little button of membership. Songs and ‘prayers and a heart to heart talk in the good free air by the banks of the great river that gleams silver in the sunshine, form a pleasing contrast to the meetings within the shadow of prison walls. : (Copyright, 1910, by Joseph B. Bowles.)

A Paris Flood of Long Ago

In the year 1296 rose the greatest . flood of which history makes any record in Paris. “Men went in boats over the wall of the Kking's garden.” All the island was covered, and from t&e foot of the hill of the university to the rising ground beyond the Marrais, the upper stories of the houses rose out of a lake a mile wide. In that flood was swept away the old stone bridge that Charles ‘the Bold had built centuries earlier—before ever the Normans besieged the town; and in that flood the Petit Chatelet was destroyed. The Petit Pont fell into the river also, but that was nothing wonderful, for it was the most unfortunate of bridges, and ‘never staod firmly for 50 years at a stretch; but was forever being destroved and regularly rebuilt. The waste of this flood was the signal for Philippe le Bel's rebuilding.—From Hilaire ‘Bello¢’s “Paris.” ' . The Laborer’s -Thanks. A tramcar was going down a busy street ong day, and was alreaﬁy com‘fortably full, when it was hailed by a laboring man much the worse for liquor, who prdsently staggered along the car between two rows of well dressed people, regardless of polished choes and tender feet. Murmurs and complaints arose on all sides, and demands were heard that the offender should be ejected at once. But amid the storm of abuse one friendly voice ‘was raised, as a benevolent clergyman xﬁse from his seat, saying: - : “No, no! Let the man sit down and be quiet.” The discomfiture of the party turned to mirth when the drunk.en one seized his benefactor by the hand, exclaiming: - “Thank ye, sir—thank ye. I see vou know what it is to be tight.” Father Tabb on Poe. . i The late Father Tabb was one of the few literary Americans who really admired Poe. Father Tabb at a dinner in New York once said of a monument to Poe: “Poe, used to be despised. Prof. Woodberry wrote a contemptuous biography of him. Emerson dismissed him with a sneer as ‘the jingle phrase that is immortal.. William Dean Howells i *April Hopes’ made fun of him. “Poe is the only American who has written_ things, and to Poe America denied a living. _ \ “But now,’ Father Tabb concluded, “we put up monument after monument in his bonor. Verily it may be said of Poe: i : “He asked for bread and they gave him a stone.’” A Must Protect. Marine Animals. It is proposed to hold an interna. tional congress to take steps to preserve all marine mammals, including seals, sea lions, walruses, sea elephants and whales. Some of these animals are almost extinct, and it is necessary to take some immediate steps to care for them ‘and to protect them from the inhumanity of hunters, or they will be wiped out entirely. It is said that the Japanese are the worst oftenders in the onslaughts upon the- valuable animals, for they seem to recognize no laws in their work of destruction. e

Champion Mean Man.

- A ‘candidate for an exalted position in the Ancient Order of Mean Men has been discovered by “Simplicissimus.” He is an apothecary in whose place of business a young apprentice ,committed suicide. When the weeping mother called, he said: “I am really sorry for you, and also that your son died in my shop. You have my sympathy. Here is his last week's pay. Of course, 1 deducted 80 pfennings for the poison which hé took.”

Stoessei in Profitable Business.

Changes in the fortunes of ex-Gen. Stoessel, the Russian military © commander who was not merely disgraced, but imprisoned, -for his lack of success at Port Arthur, may go far toward reconciling him to the injustice from which he suffered. He is now a member of a big firm in Moscow which imports tea and has a very profitable trade. : Not in On It. G “Heaven's .going to be a very unsatisfactory place for Binks—if he gets there,” - - S Wy 3 “They neglected to consult him bes fore drawing the plans.” = - 5

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T THE equator in Africa there are only two seasons—the wet and the dry. The former is g the summer season and lasts ~— ¢éight mpnths, The ther mometer averages- from 110 to 125 degrees Fahrenheit. The other four months are the cold or dry season, and the thermometer .rarely goes below 70 degrees Fahrenheit. During the rains the natives live in houses made principally of bamboo and roofed with leaves, but as soon as the rains stop, which is some time around June 1, they desert towns and set out for the forests and jungles. The few household furnishings are transported on the Hheads of the women and children. While a native man will work for the white man, he will never do .anything for himself—if there are any women about. It is beneath his dignity to work. He will fish and hunt, make seines and crude implements and canoes, or pass away his time smoking strong tobacco and dozing, but ‘he would not think of lending his wife a helping hand. He compels her to cut down the trees for firewood and for his dug-out canoes, and when they arrive at the spot in the forest or jungle where he decides to build his town the women must go to work with awkward machettes and clear away the tangled forest.

Not an easy task, by any means. The civilized’' mind can scarcely picture how dense the primeval forests are. Not only is every foot of the ground covered with rank growth, but from every tree hang myriads of vines, which, . crossing each other, form networks of tangles so intricate that elephants and other denizens of the bush have a hard time forcing their way through them. Yet no labor is too heavy for the African woman to perform. She has neither ax nor saw, and the edge of her knife is none too sharp. Bending low over the ground she commences her herculean task of clearing a space for a® town. -She generally smokes while she works unless her husband has broken his clay pipe and taken hers. The more wives a native has the quicker the clearing is made for his town. The women generally commence work at daybreak. About eleven o’'glock they stop to prepare the first meal. It is very simple, but the native woman never hurries, and the smallest detail of housekeeping sometimes takes her hours. The dinner generally consists of boiled manioc, roasted bananas, or dried, or boiled fish. They rarely have more than one food at a meal. At two o’clock the woman is again bending over the. ground hacking at undergrowth until sundown, which is precisely at six o’clock each night. Then she gets the last meal of the day, generally a replica of the first meal.

T ¢l aring made, the furniture is soon\in place. It consists principally of great logs, three of them brought to a common center and forming the fire over which the natives pass most of their ‘time, gossiping, smoking and sleeping.% At night they roll themselves in a grass mat and sleep with their heads toward the fire. But many natives do not even have a grass mat. They sleep right on the ground, and appear none the worse for it. :

DREAD ROAR OF THE LION

Sound Once Heard by Day or Night . Is Never Forgotten, Declares ! . Traveler.

Once in the lion country, you learn the real reason why he is termed the king of beasts. He looks it. Besides, there is the terror he casts over all the brute creation about him. And as for terror, there is one feature of life in East: Africa that the traveler never forgets—the lion’s roaring, To me, writes A. R. Dugmore in Everybody’s, no other sound in nature is more aweinspiring, more appalling, especially if heard at really close range, or among hills, where the echo resounds in its rolling double bass. ‘Contrary to the common idea, lions do not confine their thunderous calls to the night only; frequently in open daylight one may be startled by a sudden outburst. They are a noisy lot, too. At night, I have heard a band keep up the dire chorus for hours at a time, a bloodcurdling concert that brings to mind every tale famciful or true, of their daring. of their fierce rapacity and

A wellfurnished home boasts a bed . of bamboo splits, and a blanket, two stools, a Morris chair of ebony and a ecivilized .bench stolen from the mission. The bed is occupied by the chief of the town. "His wives sleep on the ground. : : That there is ‘nothing new under the sun is again proved by the Morris chair in use. Its construction is very simple and the back can be raised or lowered. This chair is very often the only piece of furniture in the town and it was known to the natives before the white man ever penetrated into’ their country. It contains no nails ‘and the parts are ingeniously fastened together. : The natives will steal anything and everything. They are born thieves—it is in their blood and tells in their actions. They are naturally lazy—their environment makes them so—and they would rather stea! and beg than anything else. All .the year round they live a more or less open life, but from June to October they live entirely in the open. They know nothing of the strifes and jealousies and hardships that are the white -man’s and woman’s. The cut of a gown or the style of wearing the hair bothers them not. The coming of the white man aénon"g them has caused them to put 8n a bit more drapery, but their mode of Hving goes on as it has from time out of mind. To civilized minds tree felling, wood carrying and jungle clearing are certainly laborious work for woman, but an African woman knews nothing else, yet hers are much more health. ful tasks than the white woman’s. The savage woman breathes the pure air of the open; the white woman the fetid breath of crowded communities.

. - Housekeeping for the white woman means the, perpetual dolng of the same endless tasks. ;

Entirely different is the life of the African woman. She has always time to. gossip, to rest, and take beauty naps. She loves company, she loves to visit. Her guests bring their own food and sleeping mats, and she takes hers with her when she goes a-visit-ing. , She does not bore her friends with a minute history of the ruination of her linen by the careless washerwoman, because she has no linen to wash. - She isn’'t forever relating the shortcomings of the cook and bemoaning the breakage of her china, because she is her own cook and she has no china to break. A three-legged iron pot, perhaps an empty oil tin discarded by a white man, or a few indifferent pans traded for with ebony, rubber or ivory, complete her cooking utensils and dishes. She does not bemoan house-cleaning time—she has no walls to paper, windows to clean and carpets to beat. She is untrammeled with ‘the burdens of civilization, and she shows it in her perfect health and magnificent physique. She has no aches nor pains. If by chance any come to her, at once her savage mind thinks of witcheraft. She is bewitched, of course—sickness; is not natural. . N

‘The news of the coming of a white woman traveled ahead of me and the natives came miles to meet and welcome me. They are the most hospitable people in the world.

IDA VERA SIMPSON.

might. It seems, still further, to have an added dreadfulness when one is living within the frail walls of a tent, with only its*canvas between one and the formidable muisician:. A Listen now! Thére goes one booming in the distance, a roaring obligato that breaks into from six to a dozen calls. From the first to the fourth the volume usually increases; then it dies down. At very close guarters, one hears the roar melt gradually into a purr, itself diminishing to a growling, discontented mumble that lasts for about half a minute. Or there is the other sound, equally menacing—a soft and suggestive crunching noise, as though the beast had already settled to a gruesome meal. The lion’s voice is mighty, as mighty as his strength. Forget his habits, his love for earrion, and his daylight turn of cewwardice, and you have the impression of a king of beasts—a real royalty among the brute creation.

Bob—"I see Smith in town. What motive brought him?” Bub—“l don’t know for sure, but I think it wae 8 locomotive.”—Farm Journal.

As Recipient of Peacs Prize He Talks in Christiania. ENDING OF WARS HIS TOPIC Treaties of Arbitration, Development of Hague Tribunal and Check on Growth of Armaments Urged . by the Ex-President, . Christiania.—Col. Theodore Rooseg‘, former president of the United yates, lectured on “International Peace” Thursday, May 5, before the Nobel prize committee which awarded him the peace prize for his suecessful efforts in ending the war between Russia and Japan. The great hall where the lecture was delivered was filled to the doors, many distinguished persons being in the audience, and Colonel Roosevelt's words were heartily applauded. His lecture follows:

It is with peculiar pleasure that 1 stand here today to express the deep appreciation 1 feel of the high honor conferred upon me by the presentation of the Nobel peace prize. The gold medal which formed part of the prize I shall always keep, and I shall hand it on to my childrenas a precious heirloom. The sum of money provided as part of the prize by the wise generosity of the fillustrious founder of this world-famous prize system, I did not, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, feel at liberty to keep. I think it eminently just and proper that fn most cases the recipient of the prize should keep for his own use the prize in its entirety. But in this case, while I did not act officially as president of the United States, it was nevertheless only because 1 was president that I was enabled to act at all: and I felt that the money must be considered as having been given me in trust for the United States. I theres fore used it as a nucleus for a foundation to forward the cause of industrial peace, as being* well within the general purpose of your committes; for in our complex industrial civilirition of today the peace of righteoisness and justice, the only kind of peace worth having, is at least as necessary in the industrial world as it is among nailfons. There is at least as much need to curb the cruel greed’' and arrogance of part of the world of capital, to curb the cruel greed and violence of part of the world of labor, as to check a cruel and unhealthy militarism in internatnal relationships. .

When Peace May Be Evil

We must ever bear in mind that the great end in view is righteousness, justiee as between man and man, nation and nation, the chance to lead our lives on a somewhat higher level, with a broader spirit of brotherly good will one for another. Peace is generally good in itself, but it is never the highest good ‘unless it comes as the handmaid of righteousness; and it Becomes a very evil thing if it serves merely as a mask for cowardice. and sloth, or as an instrument to further the ends of despotism or anarchy. ‘We despise and abhor the bully, the brawler, the oppressor, whether in private or public life; but we despise no less the coward and the voluptuary. No man is worth calling a man who will not fight rather than submit to infamy or see those that are dear to him suffer wrong. No nation deserves to exist if it permits itself to lose the stern and virile virtues; and this without regard to whether the loss is due to the growth of a heartless and all-absorbing commercialism, to prolonged indulgence in luxury and soft effortless ease, or to the deification of a warped and twisted sentimentality. :

Moreover, and above all, let us remember that words count only when they give expression to deeds or are to be translated into them. The leaders of the Red Terror prattled of peace while they steeped their hands in the blood of the innocent; and many a tyrant has called it peace when he heas scourged honest protest into silence. Our. words must be judged by our deeds; and in striving for a lofty ideal we must use practical methods; and if we cannot attain all at one leap, we must advance towards it step by step, reasonably content so long as we do actually make some progress in the right direction.

Now, having freely admitted the Hmitations to our work, and the qualtfications to be borne in mind, I feel that I haye the right to have my words talien seriously when I point out where, in my judgment, great advance can be made in the cause of international peate. I speak as a practical man, and whatever L now advocate I actually tried to do when I was for the tinie being the head of a great

$300,000 t¢ Send Youths to America. Lord Mountstephen’s generous decision to gllot a sum of about three hundred thousand dollars for ' emigrating young chtldren to Canada, and devote the income resulting to that purpose, ia likely to have important results in empire building. - His lordship has selected Doctor Barnardo’s homes as the mediums by which his scheme shall be put into execution, and it is his earnest desire to send the young emigrants at the earliest possible age at which they are fit, in/ order that they may grow up in a new countrs strengthened by the larger hope of sturdiness and independence. = Mr. Baker, the present head of Doctor Barnardo’s homes, explained that the income from Lord Mountstephen’s trust would amount to nearly fifteen thousand dollars a year, and this would enable the homes to send out an additional 300 children annually. The whole of the income would be spent on emigration pure and simple, none of it golng to establish charges, either in England or Canada.

Some people have spring fever all the year round.—Atchigson Globe, '

| nation, and keénly fealous of its honm ' or and Interest.'l ask other nations , to do only what I should be glad to | Bee my own nation do. :

Treaties of Arbitration,

The advance ‘can be made along several lines. First of all there car be treaties of arbitration. - There are, of course, states so backward that a civilized- community ought not to enter into an arbitration treaty with them, at least until we have gone much further than at present in se curing some kind of internhational polfce action. But all really civilized communities should have effective ar bitration treaties among themselves. I believe that these treaties can cover almost all questions liable to arigse between such nations, if they-are drawn with the explicit agreement that each contracting party will respect the other's territory and absolute sovereignty within that territory, and the. equally explicit - agreement that (aside . from the very rare cases where the nation’s honor is vitally concerned) all other possible subjects of controversy will be submitted to arbitration. Such a treaty should insure péace until one party deliberately. violated it.. Of course, as yet there is no adequate safeguard against such deliberate violation, but .the establishment of a sufficient number "of these ,treaties would go a long way towards creating a world opinion which would finally find expression in the provision of methods-to forbid or punish any such violation. - ) :

Work of Hague Tribunal

Secondly, there is the further development of The Hague tribunal, of the work of the conferences and courts at The Hague. It has been well said that the first Hague conference framed a Magna Charta for the nations; it set before us an ideal which has already to some extent .been realized, and towards the full realization of which we can all steadily strive. The second conference made further progress; the third -should do yet more. Meanwhile the American gov: ernment has more than once tentatively suggested methods for completing the court of arbitral justice, constituted at the second Hague conference, and for rendering it effective. It is earnestly to be ‘hoped that the various governments of Europe; working with those of America and of Asia, shall set themselves seriousiy to the task of devising some method which shall accomplish this result. . If I may venture the suggestion, it would be well for the statesmen: of the world, in planning for the erection of this world court, to study what has been done in the United States by the Supreme court. I cannot help thinking that the Canstitution of the United States, notably-.in the establishment of the Supreme court and. in the methods adopted. for securing peace and 'good irelations among and between the.different states, offers certain valuabje analogies tg what should be striven«for in order to secure, through The Hague courts and conferences, a species 0f world federation for international peace and justice. - Undue Growth of Armaments, In the third place, something should be done as soon as possible to check the growth:of armaments, especially naval armaments, by international agreement. No one power could or should act by itself; for it is eminently undesirable, from the standpoint of the peace of righteousness, that a power which really does believe in peace should place itself at the mercy of some rival which may- at bottom have no such belief and no intention of acting on it. But, granted - sincerity of purpose, the great powers of the world should find no insurmountable difficulty in reaching an .agreement which would put an end to the present costly and .growing extravagance of expenditure on naval armaments. ’

Finally, it would be a master stroke if those great powers honestly bent on peace would form a league of peace,

not only to keep the peace among themselves, but to prevent, by force if necessary, its_being broken by otbers. The supreme difficulty in connection with developing the peace work of The Hague arises from the lack of any executive power, of any police power to ‘enforce the decreeé of the court. In any community of any size the authority of the courts rests upon actual or potential force; on the existence of a police, or on the knowledge that the able-bodied men of the country are both ready and willing to see that the decrees of judicial and legislative bodies are put into effect.” In new and wild communities where there is violence, an honest man must protect himself; and until other means of securing his safefy are devised, it is both foolish and wickéd to persuade him to surrender his arms while the men who are dangerous to the community retain theirs. He should not renounce the right to protect himself by his own efforts until the community is so organized that it can effectively relieve the individual -of the duty of putting down violence. So it is with nations. @ Each nation maust keep well prepared to defend itself until the establishment of some form of international police power, competent and willing to prevent violence as between nations. g S

Bees as Weather Prophets.

It is undeniable that animals have a sort of prescience of coming weathetk Nature has evidently provided them with special nerves that are affected by changes in the weight and moisture of the atmosphere, to which all storms are ‘'due. Those little crea tures, the bees, are peculiarly accurate weather harbingers, but how far ahead the bee may be able to look is an open question. . ; A keen observer, by looking at them in the early morning, during the working season, will soon be able to form an opinion as to what the day will be, and that almost to a certainty, for they will sometimes appearrsl.ugglsh and in active, although the mowvning is very bright and showing évery appearance of a clear day, but the run soon becomes clouded, and vain follows. = - . And again, the morning may be dull and cloudy, and sometimes rain may be falling; still the bees may be observed going out in consiierable numbers, and as sure as this i{s seen the day becomes bright and iafr, i

. ° And Practise it, , Learn wisdom from the folles of others. 4 :

!« During L. T. Cooper’s recent stay in i Boston, it is estimated that sixty-five i thousand people talked with him and | purchased his medicine. This is an { average of over two thousand a day. i His success 18 so phenomenal as to i cause universal comment both by tne , public and the press. There must be a {reason for this. Here is the reason | given in his own words by Mr. Cooper ;fwhen interviewed on the subject. He i said: | “The immense numbers of people {who are calling on me here in Boston !is not unusual. ‘I have had the same i experience for -the past two years | wherever I have gone. The reason is |a simple orfe. It is because my medi- | cine puts the stomach in good condi- | tion. This does not sound unusual, { but it is in fact the key to health. [‘The stomach is the very foundation of ‘life. I attribute 90 per cent. of all | sickness directly to the stomach. - “Neither animals ‘nor men can re- | main well with- a poor digestive apparatus. Few can be sick with a diges- | tion in perfect condition, As a matter Eof fact, most men and women today {are half-sick. It is because too much ' food and too little exercise have grad- } ually forced the stomach into a halfsick condition. My medicine gets the -stomach back where it was, and that Is all that is necessary.” ' "Among Boston people who are . staunch believers in Mr. Cooper’s " theory, i§ Mr. Frank D. Brown, of 57 . ‘Bloomingdale street, Chelsea, Mass, | He says: | “For five years I have sought relief ' for indigestion, stomach trouble and | dyspepsia, spending nearly all my | wages with doctors and obtaining no | results. I had dull paihs across my | back, radiating to the shoulders. I - had splitting headaches, which nothing | seemed to cure. There was a gnaw{ing and rumbling in my stomach and { bowels. - I was troubled with vertigo and dizziness, and at times almost | overcome by drowsiness. ’ “L felt tired and worn out all the | time, my sleep was not refreshing, and | i ) 3 3 ; I would get up in the morning feeling |as weary as when [ went to bed. My ! appetite was variable—ravenous at | times, then again nauseated at the . sight of food. Sometimes my face ;was pale, at other times flushed. . [ | was constipated and bilious, and had | catarrhal affection in nose and throat, | which caused me to hawk and spit a | great deal, especially in the morning. { I heard so much of the Cooper reme- | dies that I decided totry&hem. After i taking one bottle, a tapeworm 50 feet . | long passed from my system. I felt fbetter almost immediately. . All my . | troubles disappeared as if by magic, |-and my improvement was rapid. I now i feel entirely well, and can honestly | recommend Mr. Cooper’s medicine -te "anyone who suffers as I did.” | Cooper’s New Discovery is sold by "all druggists. If your druggist cannot supply you, we will forward you ;the name of a druggist in your city . who will. ~ Don’t accept “something ‘just as good.”—The Codper Medicine , Co., Dayton, Ohio.

| Was Taking No Chances. ~ Once upon a time a fornd mother | disapproved of her daughter marrying. This was the more awkward because the young lady had picked the young “man out. Also he had wealth. And the mother, who was widowed, had not the wherewithal to furnish her daughter with the variety of frocks and things which her youthful heart craved. *“I might not object to the man so much,” said the mother one evening, “if you would only let me see him. But here is a man whom I have never set eyes on, and yet one whom you insist on taking for a husband. I don't understand such secrecy!” - The daughter replied: “If I ever introduced him you'd insist on marrying him yourself.” PERMANENTLY CURED. No Kidney Trouble in Three Years. Mrs. Catharine Kautz, 322 Center St., Findlay, 0., says: “Four years agc = 1 became afflicted -'?{,”’;j-""fe,l with kidney trouble, ‘ ? ] ; and rapidly ran "’f dov&'n i;fhea]th. kl { s "suffered from backS’l ‘ache and other KkidA ney* disorders and ‘ f'"\‘-r was languid and ' "|'\"',‘('g‘ WD weak. I doctored b A and used different remedies but became no better. -‘Doan’s Kidney Pills cured me and for three years I have been free from Kkidney trouble.” . Remember the name—Doan’s. For sale by all dealers. 50 cents a box. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, N. Y. .. ‘An Improvement. : : “Yes,” said the man with the shaggy eyebrows, “we have a phonograph. We've got several Italian grand opera records, and last week I discovered a way to make their reproduction absolutely perfect.” S “Indeed?” asks the man with the purple nose. “What is it?” “I rub a little garlic on the record before it is played.” From Pain to Pleasure a Quick Transition. I suggested Resinol and gave a neighbor one of your sample boxes for a child of a few months whose lower limbs were broken out with a rash resembling Eczema. The sample was applied at once and changed the wail of pain into smiles. Two jars were used with complete recovery in the surprisingly short time of two days. That tired mother’s looks and words of gratitude were from the heart. Geo. E. Ames, D. D. S., Boulder, Colo A Sad Case. ; “Do you prefer your eggs poached or scrambled?” “I can’t remember.” ot __ Red, Weam Weary, Watery Eyes. Relieved By Murine Eye Remedy. Try ‘Murine For Your E&eo Troubles. You Will Like Murine, It othes, 50c at Your Druggists. Write For Eye Books. Free. ‘Murine Eyefß‘emedi Co., Chicago. Even a truthful man is occasionally guilty of exaggeration. -