Ligonier Banner., Volume 44, Number 41, Ligonier, Noble County, 30 December 1909 — Page 7
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Egsitione Lt the P oreailre B VI Mg 16 bunt (hem Ot K i tapnbie O geliinge great resuidls [rome smald dala - - ) i At ihio periosl when th BO Luo authors wrole, sil fvars IE anil S 0 lEns Wb =~x!l?}-7"‘!1 I R Yery Barnisa tride of fnitiates i vihitnon ftolks |wl oo Kept in strict igno ranece of the trgé menping of ithelr festival the ihys - ferk veie g OGR ook aw 1o thelr (v signifianee, and.-only the outedrd apnd sisible sign of the colobrations came within thetr ken How far th CREErets were Kept by Yhew mnltiatss—a cambination compared with wahich our steel wndg sugar trials sink tnto mere Inxigniticanes fston well Known o every student. Thus In many cases it 15 lnipossible o trace delinitely the actual basis of these ancient mythe abd customns and any altempts, [y aree, st pecensatiy remain much o the natures of a patchwork quiit & serap gathered here and there from the ancient weitings belpe 1o work up the quilt Lut the - ultininte dtage hus & sOeWhal crazy appearance It 15 all the more éxasperating, because many of these early wriiers, such s Herodotus, Plutareh and others: bave stopped short In thelr screeds just when a few ex. tra words woild bave eased the knots that now prevent us from unraveblng the skeln They were Inittates and thus sworn to stlence . Thelr oaths however did not pre vent them whetting our euriosity and leaving us in a posltion where as Plutarch evntoally rémarks, 1t would in devd be a clever task to get “great results from small aate = Athenneus, another of the old Greek gossipers. in speaking of the policy ot the Romans in adopting the cus tcms of peoples whom they had conqfiered savs: - For it is the conduc! of prident men {0 abide by those anclent fnstitutions. under which they and thelr ancestors have Hved, and made war upon and subducd the rest of the world: and yét at the same time, {f there Wore any use ful or honorable institutlons among the peoples whom they have subduett, those they take for their fmitation at the same time as they take their prisoners. And this was the conduct of the Romans in olden time: for they, maln. taiping their national customs, at the same tme fntroduced from the nations whom they had subdued overy relte of desirable pracitees which they found ™ This, in & measure, was the policy of the early fathers tn adapt . ing heatbien feasts and gacrifices to the festivals of the chirch. With them. however it was rather a case of adaptation than of adoption, hf"ah'\'.ing‘lhzu the new order of things would come easter to the eonverts to the Christlan religion {f the changes were not wade too sweeping nor teo harsh. Thus it s that so many of the customs connected with our festivals have come down to us from tme long prior to the birth of the Saviour. © Unlike the many customs connected with the celebra: tion of Christmas. those of the beginning of the New Year seems (o bear more of the stamp of paganism. At - the same time such customs show a rather close resemblance, due in a large measure to the fact that both can be traced to the celebrations round the anclent festival of the Saturnalia and winter solstice, when the old year went out and the new came in; a perfod of general rejoicing, and it must be admitted of a great degree of rowdyism, nolse and llcense which all the fulminations of -church councils in the Middle Ages and city ordinances. and orders of chiefs of police in these later days have been “unable to suppress. The youngster of to-day with his korn Is just as prominent in creating a racket as was “hiz prototype of a couple of thousand years ago. : Qf late years this period of noise has been largely re: stricted to the eves of Christmas and New Year, but for merly the period closely following Christmas day was one of continuous jollification. Mummers perambulated the strees of the towns and villages, and the Lord of Misrule, the Abbot of Unreason or the Abbas Stultorum held " sway., The "Fete of Fools” was celebrated on the three dagw following Christmas, culminating on Holy Innocents day in'a general jamboree, in which not even the churches were spared. - Young people dressed themselves up es the great dignitaries of the church, and even the very offices seem to have been paradied and dances held in the churches. The second canon of the Council ot Cognac, held in 1260, put under pain of excommunication all such as masqueraded as bishops, ete. At the councils held at Nantes in 1431, and at Bourges in 1438, fulminations were hurled against the “Fete of Fools,” while as early as 1212 the celebration was abolished by the council held at Paris. Yet the custom of masquerading on the days following Christmas is not yet extinct in many districts of France and elsewhere, but the celebration has _been shorn of much of its picturesqueness and at the same time of its extreme ticense. ;
Gin as Currency
Gin is apparently an important factor in the economic life of southern Nigeria, for according to the report of the commitiee of inquiry into the liquor irade of the district, it is even used as currency. “In the more backward parts of the country,” says the report, “Tiritish coin is regarded with suspicion. The people are still in the barter stage, and for various reasons gin furnishes the most convenient stendard of wvalue. Je five native
-He L o e A Misrule had jur %@%Mn in Both the great Engilah univer Mitles from e i regalated the eslebrations and e s - (Whßich be . ro “culved & regular
ya%';;sflhf Bt from the o cords of ‘his rule that bave heen handad down to us 1t would rather seem that be himself was sadly in necd of belng regulated and disciplined. Each ity had s stmilar functionary, and his lurisdiction was not Hmited to this fostive season; he had the regu istion of all thé festivals of the year. Theé relgn of the lord of Miarule may be sald to have ended when Cromwell and Eis “cropeared” Puritang took charge of the Eovernment, and while there was sOme attempt (o revive his lordship witer the restaration of Charles 11 the bones had beconie too dried and the Sesh shriveled ap—he was a mere munsony of his former self. In Scotland the AL bot of Unreason was suppressed much earlier—ls6s-—by the legisiniure, but whether - such strong action was due to the spread of Puritanfism or two the unbridled scenes of disorder Ix a quextion. . Under Henry VI, (15403 the procession of children on Childermas, or Innocents day, was forbldden In England by prociampation. There are, however siill & few traces of the Lord of Misrule. The Engiish Christmas pantomimes open on December 26— Boxing day - uand have now become as much of an established mstitution as ever the Lord of Misrule was in his palmiest days Of recent vears the institution has found favor on this side of the Atlantie The masquerading on the streets of the Lord of Misrule and bhis followers: has been merely transferred to the boards of the theater In many parts of France masquerading by children iz still in vogue ‘during the three days following Christmas, and In most countries something analogous {8 to be found. Sometlmes the feature Is kept up untll Twelfth day, whiles In some sections the fun does not commence until New Year's day : These first three days have been specially consecrated to the memory of salnts and martyrs—St. Stephen on the 28th, 8t John the Evangelist on the 27th, and holy inno cents or Childermas on the 28th - . The fact that the day next after Christmas was dedl cated to St Stephen, the protomartyr, shows with what veneration he was held by the early chureh On this day, in many parts of Ireland. and in the lsle of Man. it is still the custom of the boys to hunt the wren: The origin of this curious but cr‘\;:-l'(‘us'mnmls hidden in the mist of ages and thus offers another difficulty of “getting great results from small data' One legend current i{n Ireland, and told by Lady Wilde is to the effect that on one oo caslon, when the Irish troops were approaching to sttack a partion of Cromwell's army, the wrens came and perched on the Irish drums, and by their tapping and nolse aroused the English soidiers, who fell on the Irtsh soldfers and killed them all. This tale is & close analogue to that In which the cackling of geese is sald to have saved Rome from capture, which even the stald Roman historian, Livy seems to trent with a show of bellef. The custom, however, dates back much further than Cremwell and his ironsides. In County Leltrim.the dead birds are carried from house to house tied to a pole or bunchk of furze, covered with Hbbons, etc, the boys chanting: The wren. the wren, the king of all hirds, On St. Stephen’s Day he was caught in the furze: : Although he is little his family Is great. . : S rise up‘mtstrcsa and give s a trea® n The mistress has to turn in a few pence to the boys, the “jackpot” thus created being opened by the boys at the end of the day; iy - - _ln the Isle of Man the boys give a feather of the wren to each good wife who contributes the necessary coin, and it can well be imagined that by the end of the day the appearance of the bird is somewhat dilapidated. It is then burled on the sea shore with certaln mokk ceremonies. In former years the interment was made in the churchyard. . - ' It was and is still the custem in many parts of England to bleed the horses on St. Stephen's day. The efficacy of this treatment on this particular day, as a preventive of all equine allments, was thought to be undoubted; but even old Tusser seems to have had his doubts on the
! courts in the brass district where pe ‘ *cuninry} fines had been imposed, pay- { ment was made in gin, contrary to the ;instructions of the government. A i church missionary witness named On§yeabo informed us that fines were ta‘ken in gin at Onitsha by the govern- { ment and that a native crier sumlmoned the waterside people in the name of the district government to fuiect a chief, proclaiming at the same “time that every person who did not
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attend would be fined 12 bottles of gin. In one school Bishop Johnson found that 60 of the 75 children between the ages of eight and sixteen were regular gin drinkers.—Dundee Advertiser. ~ Willing to Trust One. Says a man: “l never trust more than one woman at a time. Safeblow: ers and hold-up men won't haye anything to do with a man who c<usts any wemap., 1 always make one ex: ception.” .
mas (December 281, commemorates the massacre of the ehildren in Rethlieheni, under HMerod 'l‘hzs_; in frself is sufficlent to expiain sts early recogunition by the church The s’ulet‘=refl‘!timx that the day 18 an unlucky one—a “dies pefastus’ (s not only widely spread all over Europe, but is deeply rooted and can be trated back many hundreds of vears. j ; . . The superstition was strong ail through the middle ages. in England, in the fifteenth century, it was thought s¢ inauspicious that the day set tur the coronation of Edward IV, {Sunday), happening (o ba Childemas, the eceremony was postponed until the {ollowing day. In the County of Suffolk at this day the superstition is carrted even further and on whatever day of the week Childe mas may-happen o fall, that day is ‘bheld to be unlucky throughout the year. The commencement of any new task I 8 thought to be certain 1o be followed by fallure. Addison gives an instance of thix bellef in the Spectator of March 1, 171011, " 'Thursday, says she, ‘No, child, if 1t please God' You shall not begin upon Chifdermas day. Tell your writing master that Friday will be soon enough.' ™ b The custom of whipping the children as a reminder of the event commemorated by Chlldermas was common (n France, and some parts of Normandy to<day there 1s still a requnant existing among the countiry folks, but the re Hegivus significance has been partly lost. This method of asgisting the memory of the luckless urchin by scor ing his epidermis was formerly In vogue on other ocenslons than Holy Innocents’ day. In England {t was f{ormeriy a commaon practice durifnig the riding of the boundaries of parishes and manors on Ascension day to whip the voungsters at every impoftant or disputed - point This “Christening fu the davs of his yvouth” was rememLered ever afterward, and the particular stone, calrn or streamlet marking the metes and bounds between adiointag parishes was thus indelibly mapped on his gray matter—a proceeding quite as eficacious as a survey Aithough the festivities connected more ciosely with the celebration of Christmas day bave completely over shadowed those of the New Year, still there are not a few corners in Christendom wherein the latter season s held in much greater repste. In Scotiand, in particslar, it is the great holiday of the year and on the eve and the day of New Year the canny Scot lets himself out with a vim. It would seem as If his spirits, pent up for a whole twelvemonth, find vent at this paticular season. In France, Roman iaw afd custom have impressed themselves perhaps more strongly than elsewhere in By rope, not even excepting Ilaly itself, and the close political friendship which existed between Scotland and France previous to the ascension of James Vl. to the throne still finds expression in the country to the north of the Tweed in & much stronger fashion than is gener ally believed. Many of the lowland terms of today are merely French in a Scottish guise. .It is perhaps more to this close political entente than to the spread of the Puritan doctrines—doctrines which held everything in abomination, that smacketd In the slightest degree of church festivals—that so many of the customs and superstitions now current amorg the canny Scots so closely resemble those of France Christmas at one time was almost as much of a festi®al in Scotland as to the south of the border, and it seem# that in the cities, at least, it fs again showing recrudescence. But among the rank and file of the people, with the “Man in the Street,” it Is the New Year that holds his heart and at the same time disturbs his-digestion and addles his brain. Any one who has been in the “Caany Toun o’ Edinbro” or Glasgow on a New Year's eve realizes the spirit of good-will that reigns even {f his ears be split by the pandemonium of noise and his eyes sufer by the reek of the torches, and it is rarely that the Scot in all his jollification at this period construes libnrty as license. The custom of welcoming in the New Year has, however, on occasions,
High Cost of Beauty. Though the prescripticn seems to have disappeared from the pharmacopia of modern “beauty specialists,” it was for centuries noterious that to feed on snake meat waz the way to win perpetual youth; to cure goiter, again, or any other swelling, all that Was necessary was to munch a viper, from the tail up, as it might be a stick of celery; while yet another snake, if eaten, conferred the power: of understanding all the tongues of birds. -
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subtert when he sass in bis “Five Potnts of Husbandry:® A e ot i_”é;r-i.sr;!?-;;;‘a e g.v.;m;,au'li, Yok Vi bfl jar Lol : ] Far mate A& putpoes L doudh ieen o Pl : The day of 8 Hieoven old fatiers @id LR : s 3 oleat do solgitke thes, poaros aiber day : SRR b - : : | The commbhisensd | reason . for blewding the horses on this day was that both man and beast had the three day following Ohristmas fla}‘ as oa holiday s parts of Hoheandn and elsowbere among the Slavie peos ples of Europe the master of the houss gets no work out of his sery. anty from . Christmas 1o Innocents’ day, and in many secilons the holl day and geheral suspousion of work is kept up until Twelfth das-—Ept phany - Among the Valaks there 18 a very significant custom. On the morning of St Stephen's day the witstress of the house presetitg her husband with a pair of trousers in token of her obedience during the ensuing vear, Evidently the suffragette campaign Nas not reached into these remote Slavic reglons ~ Holy Innocents’ S am day, or Childer- been marked by
been mwarked by unpleasant features. On the eve of New Year, 1512, the hoodiums of Edinburgh took sdyantage of the festival to rob unsuspecting citizens. Two or tho citizens died from the effects of the malireatment a 2 the hands of- these rowdles, of whom three were executed as an example. This unfortunate incident threatened to put an end to the celebrations, e With the Scots the eve of New Year I 8 known particu: larly .as “"Hogmoanay.” Throughout the northeastern counties of England it is known as "Hagmeosa” byt in many districts of the Intter it is ihe entire weak prece ding the New Year rather than the last day of the veusr There have been many attompts by philologists to got at the derfvation of the term, and it has even boen Ruggest ed that 1t is a cortuption of two Greek words, signifying “the holy moon ¢r menth” . Opinion, however, lsans o ward Its French origin-— Au gul menes” (bring in the mistietoe), and Ay gul Van peuf ito the mistietos the New Year), both fn ailusion to the ceremonial gathering of the plant by the Druids In almost every district fn France we find the term in & more or less corrupted or dislectal form. The Scottish custom of the children go ‘ing from house to house singing a short verse and begging the “guld wife” for a smail present ix Wdentically the same as that khown all over France. ' Get up, guld wite. and shake vers feathern, : ; An' dinna think that we are eggars ; For we're yvere bialras come oot the day, ? Bo rise and gie's oor Hogmanay . ! i chants the lttle Scoteh kiddie, and the analogue of the doggarel can be found in every village of Franceg. As the Bcottish verselet ghows, the “hogmanay” applies to the prosents 1o the children, and has not the custom of giv Ing presents at this geason endured for centuries? Ovid, in his Fastl, alludes to the custom among the Romans of his day.. Then theé presents do not seem to have been at all costly and were more symbolieal than otherwlise, The palmdate and dried fig with the far of honey and the small cofn were the gifis, and i 1 does not need any great streteh of Imagination to guess thelr symbollc meaning. The cakes, frult and iuck-penny are still given the children—they are their "hogmasay ” The superstition that the first person entering the house on New Year's morning, or the first one met dur ing the day, presages good or bad luck during the ensuing vear ls almost universal The firsr to cross tha ‘threshold or "first foot” has thus a pecullar significance and many are the precautions taken that he be of the tucky variety. We mention “he" for except in a very few isolated instances the superstition that should a woman be the “first-foot” Hlluck wiil follow is almost universal. Moreover, he must be a dark man—a red-headed man {s anathema. A splay-footed, a pigeon-toed, squinteyed or an Individual whose eyebrows closely approximate, in fact any bodily or mental deformation carries bad luck with ft. Yet even here we find a few exception which rather tend to disturb our bellef.in the infallibility of the rule. In the Bradwell District of Northumberland a light-baired and splayfooted individual 1s preferred. In parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire a blonde “first foot” is reckoned quite lucky, while in the Maritime Alpfne districts a hump-backed visitor on New Year's day is held to bring in great luck with him. In Scotland the prejudice against a red-haired “first foot” is very strong and in the Isle of Man and all througlh Ireland it is quite as pronounced. : The superstition of {ll-luck being attached to red hair | s very anclent. Among the ancient Egyptians and Jewish people it was known. Typhon is sald to have had this particular color to his “thatch,” and red-halred men ] were abused at certain festivals, as Plutarch tells us in his “Moralia”" Cain and Judas Iscariot are both said to | have had the crimson topknot, while a wellknown legend current among the Jews says that this peculfar tint | was the effect of falling down and worshiping the golden ; calf. In Norse and Gaelic legend we find that the hero § is warned against a “ginger-headed” individual. i
Wild Turkey for New England
Alabama passed a game law one year ago prohibiting altogether the shooting of female wild turkeys. Previously these birds were hunted the year around. The result of the enforcement of this law has been a great increase in the number of wild turkeys, so that game wardens declare that there is no reason why every sportsman in the state should not serve to his family a wild turkey gobbler for Christmas dinner. What can
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be done in Alabama can be done in many other states. To be sure, some states would have to import their first birds and establish them on a range, but it can be done, and would add a new delight to the sportsmen of the state as well as add to the natural wealth of the state's resources. How would it do to try a turkey experiment in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Vermoni?—XManchester Mirror and Farmer, :
Sketch of Roald Amundsen Who Found Northwest Passage. Nflf*tfi;'afl‘ Friesd ot Dr Frederick Al Cocn, Oniy Man to Taxe SHip from Atiantic {0 . Parife Piitsdurg, Pao-Roald Amondsan, pow abiiut IBt yseven veurs Gid and with & fteoerd bl B ot bLut o 8 single independent eapedition BN fye 1o ';;. Froved bßimed one of the owl ¢l beiant grelic eYpicters ;m‘:w Baie over gome porst fle e Ihe et Bud the GRie ke e Tae Eo wes . p_x; Lioe Mg altempied fear of fadiog W rends A% & it Wi . . vr Kig Ity ! the wmarset : the cnly eat of pipiete polsr marnells obser 'S 8 ePer Exier 3 ok 5 5 DN v whisrh sopiy % *3 " & g 5 st - £, T s - £ 5073 2 fre a;; L Amitnds wST - s s e T hat . lenptly % Yid Wy e : srya v S st e Wiy : 5 ' » gty ¥ i o ii% i » 9 2 § A& - » % v § Y ¥ 3 s S fntends Brear snad et (9 Foe | e - - S a 5 E’gd::, Sy ":,.7 » : ] B e : . ; AP L - e ; o e el o AR 7 ~gf‘ & } * & ' ' i SRR gt : ‘éj%{;’ia’ N F ‘:'!_ s T NP AT - N Py : 2 L 7z | e Roald Amundsen : & rimber of years He truised in the north as a whaler and sedler on Noe Wogian Yéssels * ) . Amundsen had His frat taste of ex plargtion when 16 1837 be went as first oficer With loe ielgiva on Ger lnch's Belglan polar expiditton. From what he iearned ol the mork and ad venture of exploring oo this trip and from the second Norwegisn polar ex. pedition of 1858 he becams filed with arctic ambitions of bis oen He formed the protect not of attaining the geo graphlc pole sought by zo- many, but of '4."\ ing the i:«:;;gu:';,:?«:"e»:s Norihwest passage and approaching and studying while on Bix way. the little known !‘;‘-Sti';?;l‘!ii,‘ pile §-‘.~'~;& in his expadition of 1811 had made observa: tions jocAting the magnetic pole and studying its phenomena. but for some sixty years hils work bad ain uncompleted It took Amundsen severs! vears to prepare himself for hls trip His first care was to gtudy the subject of gn#t—‘ netinm with that extreme and patient thoroughness that characterized him He begrudged no time. . For two Years Be studied Odt in Hamburg under Neumayer, authority on magnetism: In Berlin under Sehmidt and - finally 8t Wilkelmshafen under Borgen 16 the. metearologics! - station. His menialpreparation cver, he spent two vears more o raizing funds and outfitting his expediticn ) ; The Amundsen expedition, sayy the New . Yark Sun. was perhaps the most modestly appointed that sver went for purposes of discovery into the ardu. wis Bold of the Arctie. - 113 cost was $30.000, a large part of this Amund. sen's own money Fel:hia! Nanaen, the Norweglan polar explorer, a closs friend and faithfal beiper of Amundsen's. helped ralse anofher large part Amundsen was finally able to put off from Christlania In the littde 47-ton sloop Gioa on June 17, 1903 : The Gjoa salled around the north end of America, reaching the mouth of the Mackinac river about September 3, 1405, Sbe went by way of Baffins bay, Lancaster sound, Barrow strait. Peel sound, James Ross strait -and Rae stralt Twice she wintered in the ifce. For a period of many months during this voyage Amundsen maintained an observatory on King Wiillams Land, at latitude 68 degrees 30 minutes, lopgitude 90 degrees west, | within 90 miles. as he calculated, of the magnetic pole. He took constant observations during the period., \m- | self watching the movements of the needle for four hours every day. } The northwest trip; fulfilling- the dream of the eariy navigator, brought Amundsen great renown. -His latest plan for an expedition to drift around . to the polar sea has received strong | backing from his countrymen, King Haakon and Queen Maud of Norway leading the subscription list. e ————— it i 4 Tact. : ! “Dear me, Mrs. Smithers, what is that noise 1 heard yesterday over your way? Was that howling your dog | in a fit?” - o “No, Mrs. Queerit, that was my daughter taking her singing lesson | from Signor Yelerino.” g t “No, no, Mrs. Smithers. I was told it was your daughter singing when [ asked what bird you bad there trill-: ing more beautifully than I knew your l canary could.” 7 Rome to Have Unique Library. i A complete library of Italian and ! foreign newspapers from the earliest times 1s to be instituted in Rome, and more than 200,000 collections have al- | ready been secured. : Many a bachelor bas had a parrow
HIS TIME WAS SHOR). . - .\ - _' . ¢ o > g‘ o [ o~ fflo . \ I z;\ £ . g B> A 7 ® . - S ”r‘i, M Sl R Sé - -, ¢ - Ogrgl: s by X 2P e a'.'.l \’ » % ;! B W 3\ ,\!‘ :_: l ; LE ..,'n'r? ‘ ",':' % o Koy - ~ _ 5 "*p % Ve e 4 i, ‘g B ¥ : e A hat dn Yoy mess lieut, & Y Y Bave Esowp ms only twn dare and want to kiss e § g 1 heln R L AT 2 U SORE EYES CURED. Eyelais and Lics Bezame Tercibly in®amed--Was Usatie 12 Gz About ~—All Otner Treatrments Fsicd, But ‘ C..'.‘ cura Proved Successful, "t'v 33 YWD Yen sFe » ees cpel iy . % thal I = abie f‘ ' » ] '1 * 3 & - $ "' + o 3 t . =4 I adh pow eixty 8 ¥ :. [ A & Lwatoly
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o'l~b‘d stuff —never cure, l ooly makes bowels move because it iritates and sweats them, like poking fingerin youreye. The best Bowel Medicine is Cascarets. Every Silts and Castor Oil user should get a box of CASCARETS and tuy them just once. You'll see. = CUT THIS UT. ma i with souratiress 1o Sier X Hemedy €5 < g, 1 an 3 receive » Ba - e scuvenir goll i Hoo FHEKE ABSORBINE Remaves Hursal FEnlargements, Thickened, Swollen Tissues, | Curtm, ¥Filled Tendons, Soreness from any Brulse or Strain, (ares ! Spavin Lameness, Aliavs Fain. 3 Iloes not Blister, remove the halr X orf lay the hoarse up. $2.00 » Bators Afiee holitie Horse Book 1 K free. ABSORRBING, JR., (mankind § aod £ bottle) For Sypoviiia Nra s Gosty or Riwomstic e proaita Varicom Yeins Varicogeis Hivdravie Aars pain Yomy druggist can suppiy aad give telorencve W il v mare 1Y You write, Besd fof free ook sud testimonisis. MIQ. oniy by o rYOUSG, P.D. P, 510 Temple B¢, Springteil, Nosa,
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