Ligonier Banner., Volume 43, Number 33, Ligonier, Noble County, 5 November 1908 — Page 2

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AST of Pittsburg they look upon the man who goes to Chicago as brave. A woman visitor is hailed as a heroine upon her return. They regard Chicago as the frontier of the United States, teeming with wild holdups, ghastly. murders, the mecca for confidence men and desperado gangs. ' Such is not the case to-day. Perhaps it was

a quarter of a century ago, but the present-day Chicago is perhaps the most carefully guarded city in the country. . . ‘"The why and wherefore of this greatlv improved condition is 5,000 policemen-athi€tes. And the reason for the athletic force is the civil service law with its physical requirements, which the man who would become a “cop’ must equal or excel to become a full-fiedged minion of the law.

He must have a perfect chest, heart, lungs, his muscles must be strong, his bones well knitted, he must be at least five feet eight inches in height, and not more’ than six feet five inches. Appucants in taking physical tests must tip the srales between 150 and 250 pounds. Gbesity, muscular weakness and poor physique are insurmountable barriérs fo the man with a craving for a place among the “finest.” Every muscle in the body undergoes a test, whic¢h is made by the use of machinesiand weights. The Chicago policeman must be able to carry himself well, he must be shifty on his ifet, quick to think and act. His eyes and ears must be perfect and his family tree must be - absolutely ‘devoid of bereditary diseases. { In fact the Chicago force to-day is one which demands that a man be a soldier, athlete and minion of the law combined. During certain months each year examinations are conducted and during the! fiscal twelvemonth 6,000 men were examined. Of this number about one-half were successful. First the doctor looks over the applicants, then the physical examiner takes the men in hand and puts them through the most rigid tests required anywhere in the world. After that the written examination is given in which; each applicant’s education is brought to the fore. - Civll service tests are severe and absolutely honest. It is up to the applicant himself to pass the tests. You cannot be appointed upon ‘the ‘Chicago police force by possessing acquaintance with a man “with a pull.” So great has been the success of the system installed by President Elton Lower of the civil service commission and his aides—H. D. Fargo and M. L. McKinley—that today eyery city of any size in the United States has its eyes focused upon tlie details and methods employed by the Chicagoans. - - Since President Lower became the leading light in the work of giving Chicago an efficient police force, great strides have been taken by the city toward making its citizens absolutely safe from criminals. . .

Physical Examiner Edward G. Westlake is in & measure responsible for bringing out the best bodily qualifications in the men who are turned over to him for inspection. Says Examiner Westlake:

“Stage fright during the physical examination is one of the worst setbacks which the tests meet. When a man becomes ‘flustered,’ knowing that a good job depends upon his every movement, it is quite natural that the best he knows will not push itself to the surface. Hence it is the duty of the examiner to allay the fears of the applicant as much as possible.

“Consequently I have found that it helps men to do their best by applying suggestions and occasionally allowing a man to lay off for a few moments until he can compose himself. When the period of embarrassment passes, as it invariably does, the best that is in the applicant is bound 10 come out. The men take the tests purely upon their own merits and perhaps the most severe of the weight-lifting requirements is that of lifting & 30-pound dumb-bell from a lying posture, the welght being held back of the applicant’s head. This is to test stomach muscles. It does not

HOMESTEADS OF SMALL SIZE

E ki 2 French Government to Aid Workingmen to Provide for Future. There is no country in the world where the land is so subdivided as in France. Novertheless, the rural districts are being deserted for the larger cities, and now !(houghtful politicians, headed by M. Ribot, are trying to plan for getting the popu'ation "back to the =

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seem difficult to the observer, but try it Jjust once and you'll feel that passing the physical test is far from easy.” o

Mr. Westlake is a newspaper man on the staff of the Chicago Evening Post and his 20 years in the newspaper business, part of which was spent in knocking about in police districts as a reporter, taught him much regarding the needs of the department. Before he entered a newspaper office, he served as a railroad fireman. The constitution which that rigorous vocation gave him, along with an enviable muscular development, has stood him in good stead in demonstrating the use of the tests before admiring gatherings of wouldbe “cops.” _ - Firemen and stationary engineers are also included in the civil service physical tests and today Chief Horan of the fire department is working hard with the civil service officials to have the standards raised so that an even sturdier force may be secured to battle with Chicago conflagrations. Following is a table, showing what is required in the way of height and weight before the strength and agility tests are given: Minimum Cir- : 3 ference Minimum Maximum of Chest Height. ' Weight Weight Quiescent. sfeet 8 inches 150 pounds 190 pounds 35 inches 5 ¢« 9 - 156 195 ‘ Bl 5 " 10 " ]m “ m ‘" 36 " 5 ‘s 11 - ]65 “ 2(}5 " 37 " 6 ‘" - ]7O “” 215 “” 37% a“ 6 “ 1 " I"'s . ‘" 2:)0 " 38 - 6 L] ’ . 180 L 1 230 ‘“ 39 “" fi ‘" 3 " 185 “o” 235 ‘“ 40 " B . 4 ““ 190 - 4 . 240 “ 41 - 6 ‘e 5 - ]95 ‘e 250 ‘“ g 42 ‘" Before the applicants face Physical Examiner Westlake, they are scrutinized by physicians andrecords show that 60 per cent. are rejected. To show some of the men'§ overestimation of their qualifications it is recorded that recently 1,500 filed applications in a bunch and of this number only 370 succeeded in emerging unscathed from the medical, physical and mental tests. Mr. Westlake lays out a table of tests, showing the figures which indicate meritorious pefformances. The table: ’ Strength Test. Capacity of TUNPE .. cavicoccicsvcsnssnsssscsiivansacsbscs 20 Strength of BAEK (. cciiiecriccarnsascnssssaiiioes sarssis 40 Strength OF 10EB v ciovscsericireniorsrasssabapinsesssss DB Strength of upper arm (H. P.).ccciececciasssccoanses.lo-10 Strength of fore arm (R. Li.) .. cceiiceiececsssncosassesBB-67 PectOTRIB ..o ititiicessesosnitaronronsscasinnniisssrinrs 08 Traction DUMIL ... ciiicioivnsnsastivincsvscisiiintiioscanitnie DI Dumb DRIB i citisicicicivssvasosvoneeserssiihnssniesnvibv.: o Abdominal MUSCIEH . .covicoonsosnicsriiscsifitnsssosise 200 AQAUCTOTE . cossisiisnrssossrnesinsiserssssbrvsriiiec iinions 1B RODE ..iiciivsvsiniiibiiiiciiininssessnssovaiiiirkoiindiinivie 400 TAAACY i ciiirniiivhiiiissnvecriussngonsosnsashniubssincvous A 0 AZIMEY .t iveivenisoninsessinsiosbniiinasisie. OB Condition (Excellent, Good, P000r).........ccaee......G00d Successful applicants must be able to expand their lungs about four inches, exhibit strength of back, legs, upper and lower arm. Then there is a test of the pectoral muscles, a traction pull, the lifting of dumb-bells weighing 60 and 70 pounds, testing of the abdominal muscles by the lifting of a 30-pound weight behind the head from a prostrate to a sitting posture. : - Following these tests come rope and ladder climbing, which, with the agility examination complete the physical work. Then the applican’'s condition is marked ‘excellent,” “good,” “poor.” As a result of the requirements of the ecivil

A Dbill passed in the chamber ' last spring is now beginning to come into operation. Its object is to give town and country laborers an opportunity to acquire on easy terms a plot of land and a homestead. This plan, it is argued, is a better provision for the evening of life than any old age pension fund. e : The plot of land must not cost more than $240, its extent being limited to

a little over half an acre. The intending purchaser must be the possessor of 240 francs ($48); which if he has it not, is provided by the state, and the moment he deposits the money he becomes prostietor of the holding. He must insure his life and must undertake that he and his children will cultivate the land. Each district has its own “guarantee” company and intermediary which act for the state. Each company must have a capltal of $40,000, of which half is to be held in reserve. A capital of $2O,

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service law the Chicago police, fire and stationary éngineers’ departments now have a standing eligible list, the number of names running up into the hundreds. Hence neither Chief of Police Shippey nor Fire Marshal Horan are ever worried abeut securing good, sturdy men. They are always on hand ready to report for duty at. a moment's notice.

Scarcely a mouth passes but that new themes of work are suggested. to the civil service commission, tried out and either accepted or rejected. It was the civil service body which gave the impetus to the move for an ideal police force and which eventually resulted in the formation of Chicago’s famous “beauty squad” of coppers under the direction of Maj. Boeoudet, a soldier who has seen service in the Cg})an, campaign in the Spanish-Ameri canh war. > '

Maj. Boudet and his “beauty squad” head the list of Chicago policemenideals and the force is proud of them. The beauty squad pays more attention to soldierly tactics than other sectiong

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of the force and is perhfitps ‘something of an experiment in the proposition of introducing military tactics into the work of the policemen.

Maj. Boudet’s charges perform a manunal of arms, which, if anything is more complicated than that which the soldier is compelled to learn. One of the prettiest sights imaginable is the series of evolutions which these policemen carry out. There are some tax-paying Chicagoans who scoft at pretty evolutioqs, but they, Maj. Boudet claims, are not of the far-seeing class. He points out that the drilling of policemen in this manner téaches them to handle ther_nse_lves with grace and ease and makes them abler in the duties they perform. ' 1 Only recently the beauty squad, about 100 strong, gave militiamen of the First Illinois infantry, stationed at Chicago, a drill exhibition in the big First Regiment armory. So perfect were the evolutions that even the soldiers were awed. The policemen formed revolving wedges, hollow squares, five-pointed stars, circles and other ingenious formations, the perfection of which had taken them months to accomplish. ! S The squad is formed on the Qrder of a military company. There is Maj. Boudet at the head, a first and second lieutenant and the regulation number of sergeants and corporals. Gaining a place on the Chicago police force today is perhaps as difficult a feat as the average man of middle age:would care to attempt, and for that reason the department is composed of the best physiques that the city can furnish. The same is true. of the fire department, the efficiency of which is evidenced by the fact that during the past fiscal year every conflagration in Chicago was put under control before the fire could spread to adjacent buildings. The medical test, which firemen as well as policemen undergo, follows: IS THE RESPIRING MURMUR clear and distinct over BOth -BB oot vl iiiisiiviiiave s isdecins s Is the character of the Respiration Full, Easy and Reglar? il ol i i i v Are there any indications of Disease of the Organs of Respiration or their Appendages?.......c.... %........ IS THE CHARACTER of the Heart’s action Uniform, Free ssid ROV 1. 0l i s Are its Sounds and Rhythm Regular arid N0rma1?...... Are there any indications of Disease of this Organ or .0f the BIoOR VONREIRT. (... .coviiviiniviivassiirvsirss IS THE BIGHTE BB . iiiiiaseishion it In the Hearilig GROBNE L . oo il visiibiiiviniy IS THE APPLICANT subject to Cough, Expectoration, Difficulty of Breathing, or Pa1pitati0n?.......... ARE THE FUNCTIONS of the Brain and Nervous System In & Healthy Btate? ... . ... . i iiivea Has the Brain or Spinal Cord ever been diseased?...... IFF THE APPLICANT has had any serious'lllness or Injury, state expressly what effect, if any, is perceptible in the Heart, Lungs, Kidneys or other Abdominal Organs, or the Skin, Kyes, Ears, Limbs, SEOE ML bl it v inss bl s il:; %;{Phl&%aaé bee;\3 siléccessfultlysvacclnlaéed?...i........ or Evidences of Surgical I ARE KIDNEYS norma]"gk‘pem“m HAS THE APPLICANT any predisposition, either g;;gdiga:r¥‘ho;th?ciqu!§ecd, ltol argh constéltutlgnal dis- ) 81s, T | Tesssseninen HABITS use of Stlmulantsoalxl:g' T0b:.gég.a...'.1.n............

000,000 has been set aside for loans at two per cent. i The original idea was to provide these homes for workers aged 50 or 60 years. But it has been decided to.give younger people a chance—for instance, soldlers having completed their servfce—who will marry and bring up .a family on the land. j Example is more powerful than pre cept; whereof you reprove another be unblamable yourself.—George Wash ington. 2 :

BEST PITCHERS IN BIG LEAGUES

DONOVAN CAPTURES FIRST HONOR IN AMERICAN FOR SECOND CONSECUTIVE YEAR. UNIQUE RECORD HELD BY JOSS Mathewson Loses Twirling Leadership in National Organization to Reulbach of the'Cubs—Good Record of Maddox -of ‘the Pittsburgs—Other Box Artists Finishing High. “Wild Bill” Donovan of the Detroit Tigers was the premier pitcher of the American league. He has proved his right to the title with 20 victories out of 27 games, his greatest achievement being when he held the White Sox to two hits in the deciding game of the pennant race. . This was the one game that proved that “Bill’ was the Donovan of 1907, when he also carried everything before him. Had Donovan Ilost, his laurels would have needed fixing up, but “Wild Bill” was right on the job in a pinch and proved himself the wonder of two seasons. Addie Joss, the Cleveland pitcher, had the distinction of winning 24 out of 36 games, while he also officiated in one tie game, making 37 battles for the Clevelander, and the “Slat” can well be termed a champion. Addie was a tower of strength to the Cleve-

land club this season and his work was far better than at any other time in his career. Joss had the unique record of being the only pitchef in the major leagues to have participated in a nohit, one, two, three, four and five hit games. This has never been performed by any pitcher in the major leagues .for several seasons and will stand as a record for some time to come. o :

Where would the White Sox have landed but for Ed Walsh. This young man has been a tower of strength to Chicago. He has ie Hans Wagner of the Chicago team. Furthermore, he alone kept the White' Sox in the running. The Sox would néver have been dangerous but for Walsh, and many fear that the grind he was forced to go through towards the end of the season will injure his strength :for 1909. It will be interesting to note what form he will show next season.

Of the first six pitchers in the race for the honors, “Cy” Young looms

high with 21 victories in 33 games. The veteran of 20 years’ campaign in the majors still has something on the youngsters, and is: fighting it out with the stars of to-day for the honors.. In the 36 games worked by Joss he only passed 30 men, a pheromenal record for effectiveness, and this has been the “Slat’s” strongest forte. Eddie

Walsh leads in strikeouts, owing to the large number of games that he has worked, but “Rube” Waddell has the best average for the season. In looking over the records for the season, it is noticed that there were 263 games played where the teams were held down to five and less hits per game. Of this number, there were 101 five-hit games, 90 four-hit 'games, 44 three-hit games, 18 two-hit games, § one-hit games and four no-hit battles. In shutouts, Ed Walsh led all the twirlers with 12 to his credit, while he also lost six blankless games. In this respect, he divided the honors with “Long” Tom Hughes of the Washingtons. ‘ : Christy Mathewson, who has led the old league all season in the pitching table, not only lost the championship by his defeat at the hands of “Miner’, Brown at New York last Thursday, buf he also lost the leadership to Reulback of the Cubs. Mathewson has few, if any, equals in the pitching line; and, although Reulbach is on top with, a percentage of .774, having won 24 out of 31 games, to Matty belongs the credit of having practically kept the Giants up in the race by his wonderful pitching. The crack twirler pitched' in: 46 games, winning 35, giving him a percentage of .761. Mathewson fanned 252 batters and walked but 41 men, and was hit but 277 times, an average of but a trifle over six hits per game. Should all the games he took part in be counted, it would bring his record below five hits per game. He held his ‘opponents to four hits 11 times.

' Nie Maddox, the young Pittsburg twirler, won 23 out of 31 games. His record compares very favorably with the two men ahead of him, and but for his touch of typhoid fever last spring, which kept him out of the game the first two months, he would no doubt have made a much greater record. Of the first six pitchers, Pittsburg has three—Maddox, Willis and Leever; Chicago two—Reulbach and Brown; while Mathewson is the other. ~ Wiltse, the clever New York southpaw, had the only no-hit game in the league—a ten-inning game last Fourth, when New York defeated Philadelphia with McQuillen by a score of 1 to 0.

JENNINGS CONFIRMS TRADE

Admits Tigers and Highlanders Are Mixed in a Big-Deal,

Now that the world's series is finished, neither President Frank J. Navin of the Tigers nor Hughey Jennings makes any attempt to deny the story that there will be a trade with the Highlanders in the near future. Navin and Jennings are anxious to get Hal Chase and George Moriarity of the Highlanders to play first and third. They are ready to go. most any length to secure these men. Their original offer to Frank Farrell was Rossman and Coughlin for Chase and Morjarity. This was refused. Then Navin made several other offers, and it stands now that Rossman, Mullin, Cougnlin, Killifer and Joneq are likely to go to the Highlanders. Rossman's lack of head work has turned the fans against him, and they are willing to let him go. Coughlin §g all in. Jones is a too high-priced man for utility work, and Killifer is no good to the Tigers.

This leaves it as Mullin the only good man to go. With an infield composed of Chase, Bchaefer, Bush and Moriarity, Jennings thinks he will have the best in the league.

LEADER OF THE WORLD CHAMPIONS

3 3 R N e : O i # X (&Y R o 8 . 7N 7 & 5 PR R ‘7’ N : e T A ,{\‘ - = @ . 7N WL b RAR SR A 3 ; R R 3 N e T ‘ % "L AL i £ * (o R T RO T ¢ %4 N SR BLI cot e AR R RGBT eo S S Photo by Moffett Studio, Chicago. ' Frank Chance is captain and manager of the Chicago National league team, three-times winners of the league pennant and twice holders of the world’s baseball championship by virtue of their second defeat of the Detroit team, winners of the American league pennant. Chance is credited with having one of the best heads in the game ard is very popular with both players and “fans.” B :

SCHULZ MAY BE LOST "TO MICHIGAN ELEVEN

Tied Down with “Cons,” Great Center May Be Barred from Playing . on Team.

According to a report from Ann Arbor, Mich., “Germany’” Schulz, the pivot around which Yost built his whole team last year and upon whom the coach relied to turn out a winning eleven this year, may not fbe in the game until the Pennsylvania game—possibly not then. : Capt. Schulz has three conditions in the engineering course, more than a player can carry and continue his athletic relations. - By much burning of the midnight oil Schulz may possibly remove these conditions by the end of the month, but this is an optimistic view of the situation shared by few. In his All-America selection last

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fall, Walter Camp picked Schulz as the best center of the year. This is what Camp had to say about the big Teuton: : |

“Schulz of Michigan was the best center of the year. Not more active than Grant, nor steadier than Phillips, nor a better openfield tackler than Congdon, he had all the advantages of all these men, together with experience, and he turned them all to account. He is well over six' feet in height, and yet a fast,. powerful man, who gets well over the field and makes more tackles in a game than any other man on his team. In addition, he.is an accurate passer and feeds the ball well to his backs either from kicks or runs.” :

Pirates Stop Invasion Plan{

Through the purchase of the new ball park in Pittsburg at the cost of $BOO,OOO, the Pittsburg National league ball club has effectually barred the doors of this city to the American association, which for more than a year past has been flirting with Pittsburg. Twice during the past year was the American association told. on request for information that it could have a long lease on the Carnegie ball park here, and it is rumored that President O'Brien was guaranteed $200,000 by certain Pittsburg business men if he would only bring one of his western franchises to that city. ; Twice did the American association start in that direction, and twice did it hesitate. All the chance is now gone . since the Pittshurg National league club has bought the park, and there is no other park available,

(:00D KICKERS ARE NOW ESSENTIAL ON GRIDIRON

Strong and Accurate Booters Are 3 ; Great Factor Under the New Football Rules. By Walter H. Eckersall. The tremendous importance of kicking under the new rules in football has been again and again emphasized hy contests in the last two years, and is likely to be exemplified again in the big games to come. In these kick'ng is' likely to play an extremely #zaportant part and may readily decide many of the issues. i : Kicking, in the true sense, insiudas the following and the handling of the ball quite as much as the act of driving it up and down the gridiron. The ability of a kicker to get nway tremendously long kicks may prove a detriment to a team ‘rather than an advantage, by reason of lacking ends and tackles fast enough to follow the ball. Just as readily may the whole advantage of a good kicker be thrown away by the failure of the backs to catch returning purnts, so that in weighing a team’s kicking ability it is as essential to consider the corollary play as well. e e A great factor in helping the kickers is the inflation of the ball, a_point frequently overlooked in the west. -Few kickers seem to realize they can get better distance and accuracy in their boots if the ball is not blown too hard. The oval should never be inflated to its capacity, as it does not permit of a rebound, and if not kicked just right will not travel through the air any distance. Before each game the punter should take the trouble to go to the gymnasium and have the ball inflated to his liking, always bearing in mind not to have it too hard. Another thing which also aids a kicker is an elastic ankle brace or a rubber bandage around his ankle, as these give the instep a better surface and .the ball receives more forée than otherwise. - T

Taken as a class the punters and drop kickers of to-day are better than those of the olden days. The “old grad” ' frequently *moans the absence of the Kkickers like O’Day, Sweeley, Hershberger, Hare, Hammon and Capron, but the average to-day is higher, and as drop kickers Bull, Brooke and Hudson were not one whit better than the men who are dropping to-day. Of course in the old days the place kick from scrimmage was unknown, Vane Newton introducing it in his closing days at Pennsylvania State college, - but there _were no Kickers then who could have discounted some of the men who are kicking such goals to-day. L S

NOTES OF THE SPORTS

Forest Moore, the new pitcher of the Chicago Cubs, won 20 and lost 7 games with the Springfield team of the Three-I league this season.

With |26 won of the 33 games pitched, Adkins of the Baltimore tlub leads the Eastern league pitchers, Bob Forbes, the old Yale player, is coaching the Yootball squad at ' the University of Oregon, this fafl. = Johnny Glaze, last year’s captain at Dartmouth, is coaching the Exeter football team. .

Christy Mathewson and Ed Walsh could tell a story about a certain pitcher that went to the well too often. The University of Michigan football team is working hard and-the players feel confident of winning their game against Pennsylvania. There is a little knocking going on against. McKay, the Harvard tackle Not paying enough attention to the coaches seems to be the cause. * Among the Carlisle Indian' footbali squad are noticed such “sure-enough” Indians “as Cries-for-Ribs, Goes-Back, Wounded-Eye, Little-Old-Man, Two ‘Hearts, Tall Crane, Little Boy, Afraid-of-a-Bear and Little Wolf. : : Six National league managers picked the New York Giants to win the pennant Frank Chance picked the Chi cago Cubs and Fred Clarke was of the opinion that Pittsburg would cap ture the flag. ’ T Michigan will send a team to com pete in the intercollegiate cross-coun try run at Princeton in November. Dr Wheeler of Berkeley university says that his college has adopted Rugby football, and will never return to the American game. A

me BEING BUILT TO TOP OF ‘ HIGH ALPINE PEAK. GreLtest Mountain-Climbing Feat Ever Attempted—Stations Hewn Out of - | Solid Rock—Survey Daring i in Itseif. : ' ~ Luzerne.—An electric railway is«being‘L laid out to the top of the Jungfrau, that great Alpine pezak of the Bernese Oberland which towers with its eternal snows 14,000 feet above the level of the sea. It is the greatest mountain-climbing feat ever attempted by @a railroad. Already the railroad is In pperation up to Eismeer statiom, thch is at an altitude of more than ten thousand feet. The work on the completien of the line is being pushed steadily, all the engineering problems haying been solved, and before iomg the traveler, with no physical effort of his own, will be able to stand on the summit of the Jungfrau @nd see -the Alps below and around him. his daring project really is an extejsion of the Wengernalp railrcad which for some time has run from Interlaken up to Schneidegg, 2 station m%re’ than six thousand feet above the level of the sea. . The projecior of the enterprise was -Adclf Guayer-Zelber, who died in 1889, leaving his work 1o others. When the project first was laid before the Swiss government it was thought that it might be danze ous to health if not to life 1o ‘ransport tourists in so short a time as the railroad would take to make the irip to| such an altitude as the top of the Jungfrau, on account of the rarefied st}t’é of the atmosphere| at such a height. This sudden Ichange was feared to be perilous, but -€xperis wéreAcalled in who decided that a shoort stay at the altitude of the peak of the Jungfrau would not affect the ordinary man in good health. So the concession was granted. E : jßeyond: the station where now zhe txc'fins stop at Eismeer the line of the road runs for nearly ail the way

TR eb o SR TR = S GIREILE N St & e AP RTR g ee Rl R N : NP s L P : PO e NaP TR N H Pe N A s ee o ¥ TN e S = ¥P e %:&‘g‘;’—}‘,’. = &J?J . - PR R - ¢ & - SR Ro L | LY S ‘;, BRI ~§"fii;-.§¢\-,_b:‘ i .‘~'=§« PR SR 3 i IR, oty ‘ m |&- SRR RN RS I vy SN, e R ,a‘,fim SR Ts ae e | SR T R NAR N o TR ey I g ; o 1 e e -1% &5 TS - Tre Rak Callery 2% Ripema-d Ae- o S through a great arched .tunnel cut in the solid rock. A considerable portion of this tunnel has been compleled. and along it have been excavaied great rock stations, some of consid erable size.

The survey for the Jungirau® lin= was a task wonderful and daring in itself. It was in the construction of the great tunnel that the chief problems came in. *Some places which had to|be surveyed for this tunnel were absokutely inaccessible and the engineers resorted successfully to a process known as photogrammetry, or laving out the section accurately from photographs ‘taken from a distance: As the line of the road beyond Eis meer glacier is through g region of peipetual ice ‘and snow, glaciers and avalanches, the railway could not of course be built in the open. As it was impracticable to go over the mouniain s'iriFa the engineers determined ‘to go th lough it and so laid cut and have partially completed a covered rcute above which the avalanches, can thunder, the snows accymulaie and the glaciers move alf they want without damage to the railway. From the siation at Scheidegg to the Elger glacier the railway.runs in the open with the exception of one short tunnel, and as the train skims along the top of the ‘pass a magnificent view is presented of the mountains and valleys, the smey peaks, the deep gorges, the gleaming ice fields of the Alps. The mjnber of huge and well-known mountains which can Le seen from this sec tion ‘of the railway is 'rema;rka:b}e. At Eige'rwand, the next station' om -Ihe lint', one is fairly out upon the great slopes of the Eiger and seems to have entergd a region of arctic snow and Ice? All around is the Alpine solitude. broken only by the rumble and crash of 'fome distant falling avalanche may be, or the sound of some stream issuing from the glaciers. This station at \‘Eigerwand, like all- those which follow it on the route, is a large Toom he%fn out of the living rock. e

- At Eismeer is the largest of these rock-hewn stations. It not only is-a station, but a hotel; for theré are bedrooms for tourists who care to undergo the strange experience of passing 2 night there. The hotel windows, cut through the mountain side, overlook the.}valley. Thése windows open ontd balconies, temporary affairs thst can be taken in and stowed away whem the storms of winter stop operations on the railroad. - . The ¢onstruction of the line from Eismeer to the top of the Jungfran entails a tremendous amount of work, but so far as engineering problems are concerned these have been solved. Between Eismeer and Jungfrau the principal station will be The Saddle. A few feet beyond the Saddle station the traveler will be on the snows of the Jungfrau itself. From The Saddle to Jungfrau the ascent is steep and from the Jungfrau station to the summit of the great mountain there will be an elevator that will carry the mountain climber to the very top of the peak. ‘ —_——— . . What Makes a Navy. While the maritime nations of the earth are striving for the mastery of the seas through the building of B ‘gantit vessels, we may content our selves with the thought that here we have the men and the. spirit that makes for victories. Sincerely it is to be hoped that it will be long ere we shall be called upon to test our prowess against these latest developments in naval architecture, but if the time does come we can comfort oursélves with the reflection ‘that a gathering of does not make a navy--now. as always it is the man behini the gun.—Washington Herald.