Ligonier Banner., Volume 43, Number 5, Ligonier, Noble County, 23 April 1908 — Page 2

{MCREASE IN THE FAMILY. -?;- Wt y £ / ’_// : A ‘{J N ey s . : - % 7 N o » AH' ¥ : , \ 7 : v, £ ANV g 9 ”, g ',}) 4 ,\i_‘;"f‘\\.\. ' .?2"". . /f 7 .‘b r.\v' !6( : - T (s Ny A c?;‘::i;:'- TTL e 3 Wi D 4"‘ !!I!‘—:" "A-/\ %Tl ‘ 3 L ‘ v LA H BTy B 0 iy 3 =T ‘?‘::"" gy 2 S | FA\ AO/ Bl =2y A M I;‘iw’,fi 7 Q \ /fi“«a‘:‘ AN | *e 7' % .‘ «H k‘ W)\ 47,\ ® ’ .O S > N ¥ ° & /7 o B R , 4'i @ie (7% e e ~f £ : F ,_’ * - \e‘ 4, " " = y 1 3 ¥ : 5 C AW il (711101 e T W e N ‘_. = (7 Yol = I s - W A - M % 7 \ 3 ,‘ T ————— T A ———————ss 2\ = Nl T ‘ > i 9 . Al | iL f h-. ——, ' 2, 4 : - W% 3 _’l ) -—~--.¢ - /////. ;iS o - “How are things going at your house, Eischen?’ | “O first rate! We've had an increase in the family.” _ “What!'!” “Yes; papa married again yester day.”—Meggendorfer Blaetter.

AN AZTEC SPECTER

= (Copyright.) With the stimulating aid of a large cheekful of fine cut, “Glum” Goforth had broken silence to cast scorn, contumely and Old Mexico comparisons upon the- work, which he declared to be coarse, of the friendship artist you meet just outside the stockyards of the metropolitan cattle market. “Down ’'n our country yo' don’ have to go to Chicago to>go against their game,” he was saying in the pleasant drawl of the Texas-born southerner: “Jack”—no one knew more than “Jack™—had explained the prompt success he had in using his “role” when invited to the river front at Sioux City to see where the explosion. took place. Jack was from the western ranch across the Missouri river and had never ridden any but the® Dakota range. Glum and Chunky had bronght two trainloads of two-year-olds from Bacatecas and in Evarts a glamour of distance enveloped them.

"There .was added zest of interest in Glum because if was common report he had left his duties as foreman on the greatest ranch in Old Mexico with the cattle for northern pastures that certain events at a recent ,greaser dance might be partially forgotten. Whatever the reason, Glum bore Chunky company in “resting” in the straggling town into which now daily rolled trainloads of southwestern “young stuff,” and from which two months later would be shipped all the “stockers” of the Cheyenne and Standing Rock ranches, ferried across the whitewashed stockyards a mile below the Golden West hotel. - . He was born to the name of Goforth, had achieved the suffix “and git 'em” and bad had thrust upon him the shorter and consequently popular sobriquet Glum. - Reckless buoyancy made Glum as appropriate as was “Chunky” for the little rides whose chief dimension was height, = which

TUe A J S o S % {\ 2 ’ e G 7€) o A\ = ‘ £ o 'fi' . \‘— ] !lE'« W | -e -4 ‘f,‘“\ \”/'/)A A 2 f‘(\?/ =) ([ 7 hallJ | A D T G TR \ ‘ \\\, R ¢ N\ M 7 © wi Hev Him ’Rested.”

height was now folded into insignificance in a chair tipped against the unpainted siding of the Golden West. “In the rough country both sides of the Rio Grande there’s the pick of the trouble mixers of three nations,” said Glum, evidently launched on a story. Chunky comfortably folded up a little more compactly and Jack threw one leg over the saddle horn to listen. “Tell yo', boys, it's sure rough country down round Wind Cave mounting. Mexican panthers get bad down them draws some times. Last summer I wuz lookin’ up a bunch o’ cattle thet got strayed up there, thirty miles east of the hical of the lower.outfit. i “There’s @ story thet that there mounting is full o’ gold. - Yo' can’t get a peon to b'lieve 'taint. They say when yo' go dowr' the shaft an’ start to go off in the drift fl:: m:wfi. o years to. m» e ! £ TS ,»"' 28 wq%ifiwiéf«r wr s&*‘ A " %‘F‘ >n-=‘r ‘j‘»a .m <"‘*‘ *v*»«-;a >,’\_M;’%- : *M

light out. ‘No, I can't explain it. Tried it ‘myself one time an’ hang! but I was a joyful cow-puncher when I got out! Makes yo' sure think the old Aztec's snortin’ ‘roun’ where yer left lin'the dark an’ thet gust o' wind goes ! shriekin’ down the drift. . Can’t explain it. . “But, you ;bet, ‘there's allus some one comin’ down, there from Bosting or New York to find the Aztec lode,

though it's plain there never wuz any workin's there for there ain’t any pile o’ dirt on top around the shaft. Gen'ly some one of the bunch gets scart when the wind starts up and makes a misstep and goes down to fin’ the Aztec, so far down they don’'t hear him strike the bottom. “Well, I wuz cuttin’ out sbme cows down in thet draw past the shaft an’ I heerd a holler. I looked up am’ up on top wuz<the sorries’ lookin’ image oo’ th’ Almighty yo’ ever saw. . “‘l'm robbed!” he yelled, like a sick calf. . ““That ort to be easy,’ says L : “‘Are yo’ an Aztec? he asked. - “‘Part o’ the time,” I answered and began shootin’, jes’ sort o’ playful, at a brown bear runnin’ up the ledge. The feller hollered ‘Murder!” and dropped off his horse, an’ the horse turned sudden _and boited. I knew that horse wouldn’t stop till it got to the hical some’eres, and felt sort o’ sorry for him cause it wuz a hundred miles a'walkin’ to the Grande. : “Well, I got thet feller to tell me all 'bout it. He wuz after the Aztec lode, of course. He wuzn't goin’ to try his luck with the wind an’ the ‘Aztec! specter,” but had come with a whole pack o' toots an’ wuz goin’ to drift in from the other way an’ get to the vein without the inconvenience o’ meetin’ the- specter and fallif* down the shaft. ; o | ~““Who» wuz goin’ to show you the way? I dsked him. : “He dug out a card, ‘James. McArthur Birney, Mining Engineer.’ “ ‘Where’s Niige'r J im?"he says. “‘Do you mean Mr. Birney? he says. N gt : “‘Well, one and the same. Yo' gave him $650 for expenses, didn't yo’, and $5O when yo' reached the 'mounting,” I says. ‘Then he told yo! o ride this away aroun’ the mounting an’ he’d go th’ other way an’ mee§ yo’ ’'tother side. ; “*How'd you know? You're a confed’rate o’ his'n,’ he yelled. o .“‘An’ yo’ rode an' rode and dida’t meet nobody, an’ turned back an’ got lost. Spent the night findin’ out yer lloss. Thet's accordin® to schedule. Why, Nigger Jim allus parts company that away. He wuz half way back to his greaser woman with yo' seven hundred and the pack train by th’ ‘time you'd tumbled thet he was goin’ to be about ten years late to his appintment. He'll live six months on thet seven hundred and then he'll hev some other puddin’ waitin’ fer Nigger Jim to meet him at Naco an’ guide him to Aztec mounting to show him the end o’ the lode by a greasy ‘char’t he stole from an old Indian who had the same graft before his day/! -

““I'll hev him ‘rested! This is highway. robbery,” said the gent from Bosting. : “‘Do what?' sayvs 1. . “Tll hev him ’rested, this Birney.’ “‘How do you do thet? I asked. “He sort o’ looked at me. “‘Where’s yer magistrate, your—' he sort o’ looked at me an’ I begun to ' laugh. I putty near fell off my cayuse, I laughed so. I kep’ oh laughin’ an’ seart thet bear’ X “ ‘Magistrate’s hundred mge's north. We never use 'em. Hangin's easier. Might go an’ hang Nigger Jim,’ an’ began laughin’ again, but it was get-. tin’ late an’ thet draw’s bad after sundown, so I roped a mare and give Mr. Man mine an” we hit the trail. 1 teok him clean to Naco. ' e - ““Goin’ to hev Nigger Jim 'rested? ! I agked at the depot. Then I began to laugh terr'ble an’ he pulled out & roll. o ; N

“‘Don’ say anythin’, he says. : “‘I don’ want yer money, I says. ‘Jes’ let me laugh.'” ;

.~ Appointed Dean of Women. Mrs. Eveline Wright. Allen, a gradlunt.e of Leland Stanford university, has been appointed dean of women for lthat institution, The office is newly ereated, and in filling it Mrs. Allen will have supervision of all matters relating to the women students of the university. _ : .New Fish in French Waters, French fishermen have recently been surprised and pleased with the ‘appearance of fishes heretofore unknown in their waters, including the

M Earm By Willor G fl' ;

Keep the stock off of soft pastures.

Alfalfa” is too valuable to pasture. ~ 4

What do you think of shgep as a manure spreader?

Bells on the sheep will save you lots of time in looking for them. -

The chicks that are crowded will not make ood, vigorous growth.

~ The right kind of a cow expects the right kind of treatment and gets it.

The sows appreciate clean drinking water as much as any farm animal.

Clean cultivation of the apple orchard will bring most profitable returns. :

Remember the best ground for the garden, and make it better still by fertilizing liberally and cultivating assiduously.

Look up but always have the weather eye out for the stumbling block in the road. s

The good horse is his own best salesman, and this is true of every other farm animal.'

A good road along the side of your place makes a good impression on the stranger as he drives by.

Set the first eggs the turkeys lay under the chicken hen and thus encourage them to lay a second clutch.

Begin in a small -‘way and grow as fast as you can is a safe rule in any branch of farming or stock-raising.

Some breeders claim that chickens fed sulphur are liable to rheumatism iln damp weather. What has been your experience?

The land intended for alfalfa should be plowed and harrowed, then disked and harrowed again, and then it would do no harm to harrow again.

The good idea is good to use, not to be stowed away and forgotten. For this reason get busy after you have read Meadowbrook Farm Notes. ;

Don’t keep the kicking cow. And at the same time that you get rid of her get rid of those methods of yours by which the bad. qualities ine her were developed. .

The cry has gone ?orth that soon 2 famine of hickory will be upon the land. Why not plant a few such trees? Young trees can be obtained from many of the nurseries.

No wonder you don’t have good roads in your township if politics is mixed up in the business. Deal xh the road question strictly on a Wsiness basis. Cut the politics out.

.One cannot always prevent being crowded by the season’s work, but one can keep from fretting over it. Fretfulness of this kind leads to hurry, and hurry often entails much work that is needless. J gt '

A good tobacco dip for sheep is made by soaking 20 pounds of tobacco In sufficient water to cover; boil for an hour, strain, and then dilute to 100 gallons. Twenty pounds of sulphur will improve the dip. ;

Underfeed may save food but it is more than offset by the unthrifty condition of the animal” Overfeed wastes the food and hampers the,animal in making the best growth. Irregular feeding causes nervous irritability in the animal shich interferes with diges tive processes. Improper feed of course must with animals as with man produce unhealthy conditions.

Here is a fox trap which will work, tjays an experienced hunter: Find a pood-sized, stump 2% feet or more 'rom the ground. Get a set of small sticks two feet long and nail them around the stump one inch apart, letling them project above the stump 18 mehes. Put a rooster in this coop and tover the top with brush so he can’t get out.. Set your traps around the stump, being very careful about cov¢ring them. : : : : i ¢ -t . 1

The gasoline motor on the farm is coming to fill-a most important mission, the uses to which it can be put being almost unlimited. One farmer who has a ten-horse power engine had it mounted on four wheels so that it is able to propel itself from place to place by means of a driving gear. When in the field it was harnessed to a cornstalk cutter by means of a belt, and. later, when run to the barn, it drove a large threshing and winnowing machine. In dry weather it pumped water for irrigation, filling the reservoirs and ditches rapidly. In the fall it was taken to the wood-pile, where it worked a circular saw and cut up the seasen’s supply of fuel. It was harnessed with equal ease to & bone-cutter, a feed-cutter, a grindstone, a cream-separater and a mammoth churn. Surely the gasoline motor, or the motor using denatured alcohol, has ‘& place on. every farm of apy size. . It 'fl never banish the horse from the | , but it is destined ‘to do much ~which the horse has been expected to do, and do it quicker and better and

The orchard will not take care of itself. %

Take time to. clean up around the house and barn. ! :

It takes 45.4 quarts of average milk to weigh 100 pounds. : e

Waste not those eggs on the hen which is not thoroughly broody.

" Have a kind word always for your horse, and he will prove your faithful servant. 3 -

Increase the fertility of your »lan'd by growing clover and then plowing it under. :

Be easy on the horses while they are hardening to the heavy work of the season. ;

Get the young pigs out on the ground as soon as possible to prevent their getting too fat. :

Finish up on the little odd jobs before the full rush of the spring work makes you forget them.

The better the seed bed the better the drop. Remember that when getting the land in shape for the seed.

The weakling lamb needs special care and in most cases will repay your efforts by growing into a strong animal.

Charcoal, and grit, oyster shell and granulated bone are essential to the health of the chickens. Be sure your flock is supplied. .

The drill for planting grain crops has the advantage of more even plant. ing at the proper depth, thus ensuring even start and uniform growth.

Don’t let the cattle run on the pasture when the ground is soft. It will cause more damage than the land will be able to tecover from for years.

The saleableness of a gbod grade of butter may be spoiled by the way it is placed on the market. Appearance has much to do with the sale of an article.

When wife is troubled about that sponge cake which has become dry and which she is tempted to feed to the chickens, tell her that it will make fine toast for tea. 3

The horse that has been idle all or most of the winter, needs careful handling to be inured to hard work. Increase the grain diet and exercise regularly, increasing the tasks gradually.

Young chicks that have become drenched by a sudden shower and are cramped with cold should be taken into the kitchen and wrapped in hot flannels. Many a chick can be saved in this way. G e

. The low-grade fertilizer may not entail so great an initial outlay, but it is the dearest in the end, for no man ever made & dollar by buying the low-grade fertilizer, while it does pay to put good fertilizer on the land.

It is well to look over machinery to see if bolts and screws do not need tightening, but especially is this true of new machinery. The nuts and bolts work loose with the first use of the machine, and it is the safest plan to examine often. :

Pea-fed pork is growing in favor in some sections. Some raisers have produced profitable hogs without feeding a single grain of corn, the feed consisting almost exclusively of the peas. But there is little question but that the better ration is a combination of peas and corn. :

A comfortable nest for the setting hen is made by putting fresh earth into a box and covering with straw—hay is better for it will not gather moisture — and sprinkling slacked lime and sulphur upon the straw. In such a nest the hen will not be troubled with lice and she will not break her eggs. - 4 :

Do not let the soft corn of last season, which was abnormally backward, lead you to make the mistake of planting too early corn this year. Plant the kind of corn which has given the best results in former years. There is no sort of likelihood that we shall have another such season as last vear, at least not for another 25 years anyway.' :

How do you raise your cream? It has been estimated that the losses of butter fat by the different methods of skimming the milk of 20 cows in a year amount to $l2O by the shallow pan setting, $6O by the deep setting and $l5 by the centrifugal separator. This is based on a price of only 20 cents a pound for butter fat and an average loss of fat in the skim milk by each method. - |

If may sound like repetition, but it is good advice to follow: Remove manure from buildings daily, and haul it to the fields and place it’ on the land as soon as possible, at least every few days—winter and summer. Manure allowed to remain in the stable renders the building unsanitary for animal occupancy. Manure loses in value lying in the stable. When immediately placed upon the land, the soil has a chance to absorb some of the richness that would otherwise be lost. : ¢

As a general fertilizer for bearing orchards Prof, W. M. Munson of Maine favors a formula containing about three per cent. nitrogen, six per cent. phosphoric acid and, eight per cent. potash. To brace up an old orchard or to force more growth more nitrogen may be needed. A simmple for--mula for bearing trees, and one easy to remember, is 250 pounds nitrate .of soda, 260 pounds muriate of potash and 500 pounds acid phosphate. Mix thoroughly and apply broadcast at the rate of 500 pounds per acre every year, If the orchard has not recently been fertilized, used 800 pounds the first year, : S {

5 4 P ; /\; ] 2 ! i a&w_ 70 BEMLACE STIZARN CRAFT N~ Vo e r'_:;.f.f:izi:j:;.::f,}:;.‘;';'?? R e o i 5:2;:—‘.5:5:!?;«‘;-:iig%-’é\:::?i:&'E(-:;:»:.’E-:f;:EiE:Ej&E:E;:I:E;i.E::ti"::E:E:E:E:!:‘;:E:E:E:E:}:S g B Se e Y .:::%’%P&ifl A 801 o bas S D e TS ’3: G “ BMO 5 B eS S S ?:r«*‘lfif ; Efia@:‘“‘*A S E A o g e, B ety W : "5 RS Se e Ree fe e R ””S">>— o Gaetadu e s e o ) e e SR R e e o e fis+ oo ee R BRI e gi@ R b ods X B »-2;!»55:‘-«'&%. EES - e R BT e R R @ e “s@s@’ S e R R eO SO g L I T e ee e R §o e Rv A AT SUChOERRE T e '”"’:z:l;z}si,r?yf-:szE';?-%fiiFfizizigg;_ie?f's;-:, R SRS TS ‘-’5.,2,\. OO O e o e e & aie ¢ i b, S o ? .e s T eSRSI S e gP o ) A 0 7 SO eO S gzfifégyz'g : 000 \_})o TORPEDO ZALUINCEES LEAVING FOR | Q AT TACKE. : SmmnaEEß L sTR ~ Be el R MR S e e e e N gR R eS e P e R (R ¥t i é : it Re 2, L e s e LA e e e e _.____ e oAU Cla . Pl O O O%e = =5 Lot | Mo >t T N § H 1A g : h era‘g.'? !' | 3 VST 11| i é;‘”‘“ B 0 SO T L sy Lol ol Avmm-llmmm..ilJlfl e 9 e R T TeROT ey e S RAL A ey e e PROPOSED TYPE OF 7ORPEDO BQA

Every battleship of the TUnited ‘States navy Is equipped with a steam launch, but the naval officers have long realized that the boat at present In use is far from being as efficient at it might be. The present type of boat has been frequently condemned, and never so freely as at the time of the deplorable tragedy in Hampton Roads during the Jamestown expositlon, when a steam launch of the battleship Minnesota drowned her crew and.a party of five midshipmen. - The reason why the navy department had so long clung to the type lay in the fact that the steam launch had been found to be the only vessel of a steam driven type that could be carried on deck and be eapable of standing the rough’ work required of them. But they are unsatisfactory in many respects. There is much rough work which they are capable of doing, but infinitely more important, there is much military work which they are incapable of doing. : This is torpedo.boat work. = Many of the more rrogressive officers of the service long ago urged that the two qualities should be combined—that the navy should be-equipped with boats capable of withstanding the ‘rough everyday work of a steam launch in carrying landing parties to and fro, towing and picket duty in. any kind of weather, and that these qualities should be combined with the offensive powers of a torpedo boat. This effort at combination was actually made about 12 years ago, when the navy department caused seagoing torpedo boats to be installed on the Maine and the Texas. It resulted in failure. Not because of there being anything wrong with the theory, but by reason of the fact that boats propelled by steam are too heavy to be hoisted in and out of a battleship; that is, boats which possess the speed and power requisite for torpedo boat work are too heavy to be so handied. =

The fault was, therefore, in the type of engime, and not in the idea. The vastly increased powers of offense and defense which a fleet carrying a flotilla of small torpedo craft would possess have long been recognized by naval strategists and tacticians. In the advent of the gas engine Mr. Arthur T. Chester believes that the problem has” been solved. Son of Rear Admiral Colby M. Chester, .an officer distinguished fér his scientific attainments and professional competence, the younger Chester recently resigned his commission as a lieutenant in the navy to ‘pursue on independent lines an investigation he had been unable to-conduct while attached to the service. Mr. Chester long ago saw the posslbilities of the explosive engine, particularly its possibil'ities when applied to naval vessels. In a recent address read before the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers he said that few of those who have seen the rapid advancement of the explosive engine and studied its many advantages can deny that it is only a question of time before steam will be supplanted by the gas engine just as the once universal sail power has beep dropped in favor of steam, never again to be considered one of the world’'s great power generators.

A board on torpedo boats recently recommended that the speed of all torpedo boats be reduced. The assumption is the board had found that structural strength is more important than excessive speed. Working on these lines, Mr. Chester has prepared plans for a vessel fitted with a light but powerful gas engine, big and buoyant enough to stand all of the heavy work that might be required of a launch, equipped with torpedos, en-

MAN’S PLACE IN THE WORLD

“Your place, sir, will never . be filled,” a reporter said to Heinrich Conreid, the retiring -director of the Metropolitan opera house of New York. 5 [ pana S i

Mr. Conreid shook his head and smiled. . “There ‘was a ghost,” he said, “a ghost in Bielitz, my native Bielitz. I will tell you of him. “The ghost haunted the inn, Nobody ' minded him, for in Silesia he was well known; but an Englishman stopped at the inn one night in the geason, and to him the ghost had not been explained. “So the next morning the Englishman came down to his breakfast pale, ‘bloodshot and irritable. . *“‘Landlord,’ he said, ‘tell me, is not my reom haunted? ; “‘Why, yes,’ said the landlord. ‘Didn’t you know?' S & “‘Of course, 1 did not know! What ‘do you mean, sir, by putting me in a haunted ' voom? the Englishman

dowed with a speed of 20 knots o 1 so and vet not so heavy to prevent its being readily lowered from a battle ship or armored cruiser, and as easily hoisted back on board.

Mr. Chester draws a vivid picture of what a naval battle might be with one fleet possessed of a fiotilla of small torpedo craft, carried on shipboard, lowered on the lee side before the beginning of the action and held screened behind the ships until the smoke of battle afforded an opportunity for a dash. . f “France, England and Italy,” said Mr. Chester, “have already adopted boats of the character that I have described, and excepting the United States every country in the world is progressing along these lines. Are we to see another era similar to the one passed . through in the early eighties, when our navy consisted wholly of wooden ships using steam only as an auxiliary, while all other countries were building vessels of steels? Are we to see England launching vessels propelled by gas producer explosive plants; . vessels without smokestacks to interfere with the allaround fire of the guns, to be riddled by the enemy’s shell and to belch forth a signal of smoke that tells the enemy of your presence long before you could be discovered without them; vessels that can cruise three times as fast as ours on the same amount of coal, while our congress is authorizing steam-driven men of war that will be out of date long before their keels are laid? : . :

PURSUIT OF THE DEVIL FISH.

Sport on the Gulf Entails Muscle-. Racking, Hard Work.

The task of hitting a devil fish from a 14-foot boat was left to the bachelot of the party, the married member explaining that he felt his duty to the ones at home excluded him from anything that smacked so of suicide. Accordingly, when near the next fish, the gkiff put out from the stern of the Irene, the spearman standing in the bow while the skipper stood the big boat away so as to give the fish a clear field at the first rush. .

The plan developed perfectly—the throw was good, the fish half filled the ‘ boat with his first splash, and then rushed away in a great swinging circle, so that in 15 minutes it was possible for the sloop to cut across and catch up, when by some maneuvering it became possible to pass the inboard end of the line up to her bowsprit. After that it was a fight to a finish,. with the devil fish on one end of the line and the ten-ton sloop on the other. For a long while it seemed as though the devil fish had the better of it. He towed that big bwat steadily ‘out into the gulf for three hours and twenty minutes. It was exactly like being in tow of a fair-sized tug. The; progress of the boat was not fast, but as steady as if it were being driven by the Irene’s own engines. : It may be fair to remark that killing a devil fish entails as much genuine, muscle-racking hard work as any task on earth. It is muck the same as pulling for hours against a yoke of ‘oxen who are moving off entirely indifferent to one's futile efforts. The devil fish will not let simple towing tire him. If left to himself he will sound to bottom, and after resting proceed on ad infinitum. It is to prevent such resting that one must work constantly by hauling the tow in close to him, thereby frightening him to constant effort. If he can be strained to the point of weakening, then he may be hauled close enough to harpoon again.—Scribner's Magazine. )

“‘But the old fellow is quite harmless,” said the landlord reassuringly.

“‘The old fellow? ; ““Yes,' said the landlord. ‘The ghost. The old fellow who built up the business. He built it up, you know, and died, and now he can’t rest easy because it goes on as well as ever it did without him.” % Rl et i b st sl The Good Old Days. The rvichest man in King Charles ll’s England could not get so good a dinner as tens of thousands will sit down to to-day. Cattle were of a far poorer breed, vegetables were few and bad, and the commonest conveniences of the 'table were unkwnown. Fish knives, for instance, are hardly con: - sidered an extravagant luxury, but Mr. ~Gladstone could remember when they ~were not to be found on any table, ; Useful Motor Vehicle. : | A motor vehicle purchased by the town of Tynemouth, England, can be used as a prison van, fire apparatus of

MAKEYOUR END POSTS OF CEMENT

An end post may be braced in several ways; one of the easiest and most effective is to brace it much as a tree is braced by its roots. One never hesitates to hitch a fence to a tree! even a rather small tree will hold a hard pull; so he cannot well better that principle. Fortunately it is the easiest one to follow. - First excavate for the post af least 46 inches deep, and if the ground is not firm and sound go deeper. You need not dig a big hole; if it is 12x12 inches it will suffice, only see that it is of full size all the way down. Next cut a trench across the line of the fence

A ROINFORCING ROD - | €. STRAP SuRRouNDING fllO—e—— 5 J : 4 REINFORCING IRONEROD ee e B CROSS REINFORGING ROD - Ot I = € CONCRETE FILLED TRENCH [ilpf - .~ ATTACHES e ' O CONCRETE. POST - fjli® o 6 roncewires ! : ~09.. 3.3 — —3 = e e LL SR o ® ®_u. ! - gB‘ :;.'_: ‘ 48. 2 ;Ef : = - - 3 "’ : : T Reinforced Cement Gate and Fence Posts. :

six feet or eight feet long and about eight inches deep and six inches wide: Then set up in the hole your reinforeing stuff, whatever it is fo be. Very often scrap iron may be used ¥for this, a bit of old shafting; a pair of buggy axles spliced together to make a rod eight feet six inches long or.a bit of two-inch water pipe, or if you must get new rods use four rods one-half inch in diameter, one at each corner, and the ends turned over a little.

Set up the reinforcing material and fill the hole with concrete to the level of the bottom of the trench and a little higher, then fill the trench \h"a.lt

PUT A FENDER AROUND THE FARROWING PEN

Our illustration shows the interior view of the corner of a farrowing pen. It is provided with a fender around the inside of the pen which keeps the sow from lying up against the partition and killing young pigs, which a large sow will often do. - The fepders should project at least eight inches

o — o e P E - f (L 5 EAR F

into the pen and allow eight inches in the clear between the fender and the floor. Tt ; Another feature' in the Universify hog house of practical imiportance is the King system of ventilation. There is a ventilating shaft which extends into every sleeping pen and opens one foot from the floor. The ceiling is

. Is It Affected by Fertilizers? The épinion is sometimes advanced in popular articles on the subject of apple culture that the use of such fertilizers as potash and phosphoric acid will improve the color of fruit. In cases where these particular elements are seritously lacking in the soil it seems reasonable to believe that their addition in some. available form will promote .a better all-round development of the fruit, color included, since both of these elements are known to be important constituents. of the apple. On the other hand, scientific knowledge with «regard to the real value of potash or phosphorie acid, or any other fertilizer, in improving the color of fruit appears to be too llmiteé» to warrant the apple grower in resorting to commercial fertilizer as a specific treatment for that purpose... Yield and color of- fruit were the two standards used for measuring the effects of the fertilizer. ‘' As for the increase in yield, it is reported that the results were practically negative from a financial standpoint. fo e With regard to Jcolor it is stated thiitessr esoo i 2y

Taken as a whole, the results .are disappointing.> They lack uniformity and were not decided enough in a sufficient number of the 12 seasons to en-: able us to- state that the addition of the substances applied heightened the color of apples under the conditions of this experiment. The effects varied not only from season to season, but varieties varied greatly in some seasons, and in others the same variety would color differently in plats receiving the same treatment. When -we' consider the number of factors which are known to influence color in fruit: we cannot assume with any degree of certainty that the results set forth above show that the addition of these fertilizers changed ‘the color of the fruit in this experiment in any season. Thus, exposure to light: the intensity. tree; the healthfulness of the foliage:

full and lay down in it an old buggy axle or. some strong bit of iron for reinforcing that, and afterward fill the trench and the hole to the level of the top of the ground. — ‘ ; ‘Now set up the box for the upper part of the form; it may be square and 12x12 inches at bottom, BxB inches at top and 60 inches long. It should be of dressed lumber so. as to make a smooth post. If many posts are to be made it should fasten together with ‘hinges, and hasps to go around the corners, with ‘staples and pins. It must of' course be strongly put together. : Now about fastening the wires. A

friend' invented a practical way; he takes a rod about one inch in diameter, drills holes in it just right for spacing the wires, and clasps it to the reinforcing of the post by iron straps. These straps must be put in place before the concrete is put in. Let this post harden for 30 days before you put the strain of the fence on it. If the rod to which the fence fastens has a square end at top it may be turned and the fence tightened up. - To mix the concrete, simply follow the practices of your sidewalk builders, only use a little larger proportion of cement.—Breeders’ Gazette.

seven feet from the floor and there is another opening at this point into the shaft, 6xB inches, which can be opened and closed' when necessary. These openings at the ceiling are used in cold weather. when the house is closed tightly or when the air is ia such a condition that the moisture and frost begins to collect on the ceiling.

The distance from the bottom of -the outlet shafts in the pens to the top of the main shaft is 30 feet. The intakes slightly exceed the outlets and are so arranged that there is one for each pen. The air enters an openingat the outside near the wall line and, passing upward in the partitions, enters the pens near the ceiling. 2

the amount of stored food in the plant; soil heat; the /tex{ure of the soil—all of these, .besides potash and phosphoric acid, have an influence, The relations of these factors are so intricate that it is almost impossible to separate them in an experiment like this, and especially as the differences were so slight. s : A comparison of the color data with meteorological data for the 12-year period shows that the treatment seemed to have an influence in coloring fruit enly in those years when the apple did not develop well, as in 1893 and’l9o2; and that in other seasons, as in 1896, 1900, 1904, when climatic conditions were favorable to the development of fruit and foliage, the coloring was as nearly perfect on the untreated as on the tredted plants.

It is not to be inferred from the results of this experiment that commer cial fertilizers are never needed in the apple orchard, but they do appear to ghow fhat— - .~ %

" An orchard soil may not need potash, phosphoric acid, nor lime, even though the soil may have been cropped a half century; that in a soil which produces apples of poor color, potash and phosphoric acid may not improve the color; and that the apple does not seem to be as exhaustive of soil fertility as farm crops. The experiment suggests, as well, that to assume without definite knowledge that a tree needs this or that plant food, often leads to the waste of fertilizing material; and that in the matter of fertilizing an orchard a fruit grower should experiment for himself, since an orehard’s need of fertilizer can be .determined only by the behavior of the trees when, supplied with the several plant foods. = : ~ Feed Only the Hog.—lt is a mistake 1o try to feed both the pig or hog and the worms that may be in him or the lice that maybe on him. And the hog would tell you oif he knew how. ‘lice that ybe on him. And the bog i g wfi;%j—g‘ %fi‘q‘%‘»’&fi ' \ %"%’wf'% RS R